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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Alnus Sibirica Extract on In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061418. [PMID: 32244969 PMCID: PMC7145316 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alnus sibirica extracts (ASex) have long been used in Oriental medicine to treat various conditions. To provide a scientific basis for this application and the underlying mechanism, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of ASex in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro model was established using human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) treated with inflammatory stimulants (lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma). Lactate dehydrogenase and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that ASex inhibited the increased expression of acute-phase inflammatory cytokines. The in vivo model was established by inducing skin inflammation in NC/Nga mice via the repeated application of house dust mite (HDM) ointment to the ears and back of the mice for eight weeks. HDM application increased the severity of skin lesions, eosinophil/mast cell infiltration, and serum immunoglobulin E levels, which were all significantly decreased by ASex treatment, demonstrating the same degree of protection as hydrocortisone. Overall, ASex showed excellent anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential as an excellent candidate drug to reduce skin inflammation.
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Alnus Sibirica Extracts Suppress the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines Induced by Lipopolysaccharides, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Interferon-γ in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162883. [PMID: 31398908 PMCID: PMC6720580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Alnus sibirica (AS) extracts on cytokine expression induced by inflammatory stimulants were examined in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and RAW264.7 cells. The anti-oxidative effect and effect on cell viability of AS extracts were evaluated, and four extracts with the highest anti-oxidative effects were selected. HDFs and RAW264.7 cells were treated with inflammatory stimulants, and the expression of cytokines involved in acute (IL-6 and IL-10) and chronic (IL-18) inflammation, the initiation of the immune response (IL-33), and non-specific immune responses (IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α) were determined using a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. LPS increased the expression of all the cytokines, except for IL-18; however, AS extracts, particularly AS2 and AS4, reduced this increase, and TNF-α treatment markedly increased the expression of cytokines related to non-specific immune responses. IFN-γ treatment induced no significant changes, except for increased IL-33 expression in HDFs. AS extracts inhibited the increase in the expression of IL-33 and other cytokines in HDFs. Thus, the exposure of HDFs and RAW264.7 cells to inflammatory stimulants increased the expression of cytokines related to all the inflammatory processes. HDFs are involved not only in simple tissue regeneration but also in inflammatory reactions in the skin. AS2 and AS4 may offer effective therapy for related conditions.
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Seong-Eun K, Yon-Suk K, Shin WB, Park JS, Moon SH, Jeon BT, Park PJ. Induction of caspase-mediated apoptosis using Alnus japonica extracts in AGS human gastric carcinoma cells. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Hussain Z, Thu HE, Shuid AN, Kesharwani P, Khan S, Hussain F. Phytotherapeutic potential of natural herbal medicines for the treatment of mild-to-severe atopic dermatitis: A review of human clinical studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:596-608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Ren X, He T, Chang Y, Zhao Y, Chen X, Bai S, Wang L, Shen M, She G. The Genus Alnus, A Comprehensive Outline of Its Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities. Molecules 2017; 22:E1383. [PMID: 28825681 PMCID: PMC6152317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Alnus (Betulaceae) is comprised of more than 40 species. Many species of this genus have a long history of use in folk medicines. Phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of diarylheptanoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and other compounds. Diarylheptanoids, natural products with a 1,7-diphenylheptane structural skeleton, are the dominant constituents in the genus, whose anticancer effect has been brought into focus. Pure compounds and crude extracts from the genus exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities both in vitro and in vivo. This paper compiles 273 naturally occurring compounds from the genus Alnus along with their structures and pharmacological activities, as reported in 138 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Ren
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Ting He
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yanli Chang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Shaojuan Bai
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Le Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Meng Shen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Lee DI, Jang SK, Park DW, Kim ST, Park JS, Jo BR, Park JY, Park HY, Joo SS. Diarylheptanoid Hirsutenone Attenuates Osteoclastogenesis by Suppressing IFNγ and NF-κB Signaling in Th1 and Preosteoclastic Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:630-637. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Do Ik Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University
| | - Su Kil Jang
- College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University
| | - Da Woon Park
- College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University
| | - Jun Sub Park
- College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University
| | - Bo Ram Jo
- College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University
| | - Jung Youl Park
- Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Hanbat National University
| | | | - Seong Soo Joo
- College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University
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7
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Saxena A, Yadav D, Maurya AK, Kumar A, Mohanty S, Gupta MM, Lingaraju MC, Yatoo MI, Thakur US, Bawankule DU. Diarylheptanoids from Alnus nepalensis attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages and endotoxic shock in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 30:129-136. [PMID: 26679675 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diarylheptanoids, a group of plant secondary metabolites are increasingly recognized as potential therapeutic agents. The aim of study was to ascertain the anti-inflammatory profile of diarylheptanoids from Alnus nepalensis against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in macrophages and endotoxic shock in mice. Extracts prepared from dried leaves of A. nepalensis using standard solvents were tested against LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages. Among all, butanol extract (ANB) has shown most significant inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines without any cytotoxicity. HPLC analysis of ANB showed the presence of diarylheptanoids. The diarylheptanoids were further isolated and tested in-vitro for anti-inflammatory activity. Treatment of isolated diarylheptanoids (HOG, ORE and PLS) was able to reduce the production and mRNA level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). Furthermore, we demonstrated that it inhibited the expression of NF-kB protein in LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages. In-vivo efficacy and safety profile of ANB revealed that oral treatment of ANB was able to improve the survival rate, and inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum, attenuated vital organ injury in a dose dependent manner without any toxic effect at higher dose in mice. The results suggest that diarylheptanoids from A. nepalensis can be considered as potential therapeutic candidates for the management of inflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Saxena
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Deepti Yadav
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Anil K Maurya
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Anant Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Shilpa Mohanty
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Madan M Gupta
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Madhu C Lingaraju
- Department of Pharmacology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - M I Yatoo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Uttam S Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar U Bawankule
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
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Kim MH, Park KH, Kim SR, Park KJ, Oh MH, Heo JH, Yoon KH, Yin J, Yoon KH, Lee MW. Two new phenolic compounds from the leaves of Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz. Nat Prod Res 2015. [PMID: 26211877 PMCID: PMC4699475 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1053087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two new phenolic compounds, 4-O-glucopyranosyl-5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (1) and 2,3-digalloyl oregonin (2), were isolated along with eight known phenolic compounds (3-10) from an 80% acetone extract of Alnus sibirica leaves. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated using 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance and high resolution-MS. The anti-oxidative activities of these compounds were determined by assaying their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and nitroblue tetrazolium superoxide anion scavenging activity. All of the isolated phenolic compounds (1-10) exhibited potent anti-oxidative activities. In particular, 2 and 4, which are diarylheptanoids, and 10 which is ellagitannin exhibited excellent anti-oxidative activities with almost the same potency as that of the positive controls L-ascorbic acid and allopurinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Heun Kim
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Hee Park
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Jun Park
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hwan Oh
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Heo
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Yoon
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yin
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Yoon
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Won Lee
- a Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , Republic of Korea
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Kim SR, Jeong KH, Lee SG, Kang JB, Kim CJ, Kim MY, Yoon KH, Lee DI, Joo SS, Lee MW, Lee S, Choi YW. Topical Semisolid Formulations of Hirsutenone and Accelerated Stability Assessment. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Rae Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Korea
| | - Kyu Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Korea
| | - Sang Gon Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Korea
| | - Jong Bu Kang
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Korea
| | - Chae Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Korea
| | - Kyu Hyeong Yoon
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Korea
| | - Do Ik Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Korea
| | - Seong Soo Joo
- College of Life Science; Gangneung-Wonju National University; Gangwon 210-702 Korea
| | - Min Won Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Keimyung University; Daegu 704-701 Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 156-756 Korea
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10
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Kang S, Kim JE, Li Y, Jung SK, Song NR, Thimmegowda NR, Kim BY, Lee HJ, Bode AM, Dong Z, Lee KW. Hirsutenone in Alnus extract inhibits akt activity and suppresses prostate cancer cell proliferation. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1354-62. [PMID: 25213146 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although specific compounds found in some East Asian traditional medicines have been shown to exhibit bioactive properties, their molecular mechanisms of action remain elusive. The bark of the Alnus species has been used for the treatment of various pathological conditions including hemorrhage, alcoholism, fever, diarrhea, skin diseases, inflammation, and cancer in East Asia for centuries. In this study, we show that hirsutenone, a bioactive compound in Alnus japonica, exhibits anti-cancer effects against prostate cancer through a direct physical inhibition of Akt1/2. Hirsutenone suppressed anchorage-dependent and independent cell growth of PC3 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Annexin V and Propidium iodide (PI) staining results demonstrated that hirsutenone strongly induces apoptotic cell death in both PC3 and LNCaP cells. Furthermore, treatment of hirsutenone attenuated phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a downstream substrate of Akt, without affecting Akt phosphorylation. Kinase and pull-down assay results clearly show that hirsutenone inhibits Akt1 and 2 by direct binding in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-noncompetitive manner in vitro and ex vivo. Our results show that hirsutenone suppresses human prostate cancer by targeting Akt1 and 2 as a key component to explain for anti-cancer activity of Alnus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soouk Kang
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Yan Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nu Ry Song
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - N R Thimmegowda
- Chemical Biology Research Center and World Class Institute (WCI), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Chemical Biology Research Center and World Class Institute (WCI), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyong Joo Lee
- Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Ibrahim SR, Fouad MA, Abdel-Lateff A, Okino T, Mohamed GA. Alnuheptanoid A: a new diarylheptanoid derivative from Alnus japonica. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1765-71. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.947489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R.M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, 30078, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A. Fouad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Lateff
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tatsufumi Okino
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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Farrand L, Kim JY, Byun S, Im-aram A, Lee J, Suh JY, Lee KW, Lee HJ, Tsang BK. The diarylheptanoid hirsutenone sensitizes chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin via modulation of apoptosis-inducing factor and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:1723-31. [PMID: 24247248 PMCID: PMC3894349 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.513879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) and its derivatives are considered first-line treatments for ovarian cancer (OVCA). However, despite initial results that often appear promising, in most cases patients will return with recurrent disease that fails to respond to further chemotherapy. We assayed a number of food phytochemicals with reported PI3K inhibitory ability to identify candidates that can influence CDDP treatment outcomes in chemoresistant OVCA cell lines. A direct comparison revealed that the diarylheptanoid hirsutenone from the tree bark of Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica was superior at inducing CDDP sensitivity in a number of chemoresistant cancer cell lines. Whereas hirsutenone treatment activated p53, its modest efficacy in p53-mutant and -null cell lines suggested the existence of a p53-independent mode of action. Further investigation revealed that hirsutenone causes CDDP-dependent apoptosis in chemoresistant cells by ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis degradation and by enhancing the translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor from the mitochondria to the nucleus. This was found to be, at least in part, under the influence of upstream Akt activity, linking hirsutenone-dependent PI3K inhibition with downstream effects on apoptosis-inducing factor, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, and apoptosis. Our findings provide rationale for further investigation of the effects of hirsutenone on chemoresistant OVCA in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Farrand
- From the World Class University Major in Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
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13
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Inclusion compound formulation of hirsutenone with beta-cyclodextrin. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-013-0089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Kim JY, Park BK, Park HJ, Park YH, Kim BO, Pyo S. Atopic dermatitis-mitigating effects of new Lactobacillus strain, Lactobacillus sakei probio 65 isolated from Kimchi. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:517-26. [PMID: 23607518 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease. Probiotics have been reported to modulate immune responses and thus are now being suggested as potential treatments for allergies. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus sakei probio 65 isolated from Kimchi on artificially inducing AD in NC/Nga mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Oral administration of viable or heat-inactivated Lact. sakei probio 65 improved the condition of skin and reduced scratching frequency. Serum levels of IgE and cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine (CTACK) were significantly decreased by this therapy. Dead Lact. sakei probio 65 also decreased IL-4 and IL-6 serum concentrations. Moreover, both live and dead Lact. sakei probio 65 inhibited the expression of Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and CTACK in AD-like skin lesions. The increased levels of Foxp3 expression in the lesional skin and ears were also suppressed by Lact. sakei probio 65. In addition, Lact. sakei probio 65 inhibited β-hexosaminidase release and the secretion of IL-4, TNF-α and IL-6 from RBL-2H3 cells. CONCLUSIONS Oral treatment with both viable and heat-inactivated Lact. sakei probio 65 inhibits skin inflammation and AD-like skin lesions, as well as mast cell activation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Lactobacillus sakei probio 65 has an inhibitory effect on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions and may represent an effective new anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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15
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Yadav D, Singh SC, Verma RK, Saxena K, Verma R, Murthy PK, Gupta MM. Antifilarial diarylheptanoids from Alnus nepalensis leaves growing in high altitude areas of Uttarakhand, India. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:124-132. [PMID: 23219341 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis continues to be a major health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. A macrofilaricidal agent capable of eliminating adult filarial parasites is urgently needed. Platyphyllenone (A), alusenone (B), hirustenone (C) and hirsutanonol (D) are important biologically active diarylheptanoids present in Alnus nepalensis. In the present study, we report the antifilarial activity in diarylheptanoids isolated from the leaves of A. nepalensis. Out of four compounds (A-D) tested in vitro one has shown promising anti-filarial activity both in vitro and in vivo studies. This is the first ever report on antifilarial efficacy of a compound of the plant and warrants further studies around this scaffold. In addition, a sensitive, selective and robust densitometric high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method was developed and validated for the above four biomarker compounds. The separation was performed on silica gel 60F(254) high-performance thin layer chromatography plates using chloroform:methanol (9:1, v/v) as mobile phase. The quantitation of marker compounds was carried out using densitometric reflection/absorption mode at 600 nm after post-chromatographic derivatization using vanillin-sulfuric acid reagent. The method was validated for peak purity, precision, robustness, limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) etc., as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Yadav
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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16
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Sati SC, Sati N, Sati OP. Bioactive constituents and medicinal importance of genus Alnus. Pharmacogn Rev 2012; 5:174-83. [PMID: 22279375 PMCID: PMC3263052 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.91115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Alnus has been reviewed for its chemical constituents and biological activities including traditional importance of some common species. The plants of this genus contain terpenoids, flavonoids, diarylheptanoids, phenols, steroids, and tannins. Diarylheptanoids are the dominant constituents within the genus Alnus, few of them exhibited antioxidant effects and inhibitory activity against nuclear factor kappaB activation, nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α production, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, farnesyl protein transferase, cell-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation, HIF-1 in AGS cells, and the HIV-1-induced cytopathic effect in MT-4 cells. Some ellagitannines showed hepatoprotective activity even in a dose of 1 mg/kg which is ten-fold smaller compared with the dose of traditional flavonoid-based drugs. The members of genus Alnus are well known for their traditional uses in the treatment of various diseases like cancer, hepatitis, inflammation of uterus, uterine cancer, rheumatism, dysentery, stomachache, diarrhea, fever, etc. The aim of the present review is to summarize the various researches related to the chemistry and pharmacology of genus Alnus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Chandra Sati
- Department of Chemistry, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
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Yun J, Bae H, Choi SE, Kim JH, Choi YW, Lim I, Lee CS, Lee MW, Ko JH, Seo SJ, Bang H. Hirsutenone directly blocks human ether-a-go-go related gene K+ channels. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 34:1815-22. [PMID: 22130236 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether hirsutenone affects the human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) K(+) channels. Many drugs promote formation of the acquired form of long QT syndrome (LQTS) by blocking the hERG K(+) channels. Hirsutenone, a new candidate for the treatment inflammatory skin lesions, induced a concentration-dependent decrease in hERG K(+) current amplitudes. Hirsutenone significantly decreased the time constants at the onset of inactivation. However, the reductions in the time constants of steady-state inactivation and the recovery from inactivation after hirsutenone treatment were not significant. In addition, the drug had no effect on the voltage-dependent activation curve or the steady-state inactivation curve. In summary, hirsutenone potentially acts as a blocker of hERG K(+) channels functioning by modifying the channel inactivation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Yun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156–756, Korea
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Lim SS, Lee MY, Ahn HR, Choi SJ, Lee JY, Jung SH. Preparative isolation and purification of antioxidative diarylheptanoid derivatives from Alnus japonica by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3344-52. [PMID: 22083971 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study employed the online HPLC-2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS)(+) bioassay to rapidly determine the antioxidant compounds occurring in the crude extract of Alnus japonica. The negative peaks of the ABTS(+) radical scavenging detection system, which indicated the presence of antioxidant activity, were monitored by measuring the decrease in absorbance at 734 nm. The ABTS(+)-based antioxidant activity profile showed that three negative peaks exhibited antioxidant activity. High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was used for preparative scale separation of the three active peaks from the extract. The purity of the isolated compounds was analyzed by HPLC and their structures were identified by (1)H- and (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), and heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC). Two solvent systems composed of n-hexane/ethylacetate/methanol/water (4:6:4:6, v/v) and of ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:0.1:1, v/v) were performed in high-speed counter-current chromatography. Consequently, a total of 527 mg of hirsutanonol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 80.04 mg of 3-deoxohirsutenonol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and 91.0 mg of hirsutenone were obtained with purity of 94.7, 90.5, and 98.6%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Kang MJ, Eum JY, Jeong MS, Park SH, Moon KY, Kang MH, Kim MS, Choi SE, Lee MW, Lee DI, Bang H, Lee CS, Joo SS, Li K, Lee MK, Seo SJ, Choi YW. Tat peptide-admixed elastic liposomal formulation of hirsutenone for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2459-67. [PMID: 22072881 PMCID: PMC3205140 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to enhance a topical delivery of hirsutenone (HST), a naturally occuring immunomodulator, employing Tat peptide-admixed elastic liposomes (EL/T). METHODS HST-loaded EL, consisting of phosphatidylcholine and Tween 80 (85:15 w/w%), were prepared using thin film hydration method. By adding Tat peptide to EL (0.16 w/w%), EL/T were formulated. The in vitro skin permeation of HST was examined using a Franz diffusion cell mounted with depilated mouse skin. Lesions for atopic dermatitis (AD) were induced by a topical application of diphenylcyclopropenone to NC/Nga mice. Therapeutic improvements of AD were evaluated by clinical skin severity scores. Immunological analyses on inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 levels in the skin and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, immunoglobulin E, and eosinophil levels in the blood were also performed. RESULTS EL systems were superior to conventional cream, revealing greater flux values in a permeation study. The addition of Tat peptide further increased the skin permeation of HST. In an efficacy study with AD-induced NC/Nga mice, an HST-containing EL/T formulation brought a significant improvement in both skin severity score and immune-related responses for the levels of nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, IL-4, IL-13, immunoglobulin E, and eosinophils. CONCLUSION A novel EL/T formulation was successfully developed for topical delivery of HST to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung- Ang University, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Park HJ, Byeon HE, Choi KW, Rhee DK, Lee KR, Pyo SN. Inhibitory Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1on Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in Mice. J Ginseng Res 2010. [DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2010.34.4.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions reduced by topical application and intraperitoneal injection of Hirsutenone in NC/Nga mice. Clin Dev Immunol 2010; 2010:618517. [PMID: 21197410 PMCID: PMC3010703 DOI: 10.1155/2010/618517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease. The increasing prevalence and severity of AD have prompted the developments of safer, more effective drugs. Although topical corticosteroids have been used as first line therapy for AD, their potential side effects limit their clinical applications. To investigate the effect of hirsutenone (HIR), a diarylheptanoid compound, on AD-like skin lesions and other factors related to immune response is the aim of this paper Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), eosinophil, IgE inflammatory factors (COX-2, iNOS) levels were reduced in blood, lymphocytes, and tissue after HIR treatment. These results suggest that HIR might be an effective treatment for AD.
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Joo SS, Park D, Shin S, Jeon JH, Kim TK, Choi YJ, Lee SH, Kim JS, Park SK, Hwang BY, Lee DI, Kim YB. Anti-allergic effects and mechanisms of action of the ethanolic extract of Angelica gigas in dinitrofluorobenzene-induced inflammation models. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 30:127-133. [PMID: 21787642 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Revised: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To confirm the anti-allergic effects of the ethanolic extract of Angelica gigas (EAG), the levels of ear erythema, ear weight, vascular leakage, heamatology, tumor-necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and immunoglobulin E from mice sensitized with 2,4-dinitroflurorobenzene were examined. The results showed that EAG reduced ear erythema and ear weight; we also found that Evan's blue leakage decreased. Furthermore, the levels of interleukin-6 and immunoglobulin E in the serum were significantly inhibited. In RAW264.7 cells, EAG drastically inhibited the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthease, tumor-necrosis factor-α and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, suggesting that EAG may inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute neutrophilic inflammation. Western blot analysis showed that EAG inhibited nuclear factor-κB- and extracelullar signal-regulated protein kinase-dependent inflammatory pathways. Interestingly, EAG effectively inhibited the release of β-hexosaminidase, a granule marker from mast cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that EAG inhibits focal and systemic inflammatory and allergic reactions, and holds great promise for the treatment of several inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Soo Joo
- Division of Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Republic of Korea
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