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Association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and hypertension in Iranian Kurdish women. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:255. [PMID: 35752836 PMCID: PMC9233766 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antioxidants intake from diet has been identified as one of the effective factors in the development of hypertension (HTN). The present study aimed to investigate the association between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and HTN in women.
Methods This cross-sectional study was performed using the baseline phase data of the ravansar non-communicable disease cohort study. The TAC was calculated using food items of the food frequency questionnaire. TAC scores were classified into four groups (quartile). The first and fourth quartiles had the lowest and highest TAC scores, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to estimate the odds ratio.
Results A total of 5067 women were included in the study. Women with the highest socioeconomic status (SES) had a significantly higher TAC intake compared to those with the lowest SES (P < 0.001). The participants in the third and fourth quartiles of the TAC had significantly lower odds of HTN, respectively by 21% (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.972) and 26% (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.91), compared to the first quartile. After adjusting for confounding variables was found to significantly reduce the odds of developing HTN in the fourth quartile of TAC by 22% compared to the first quartile (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.97). Conclusion A high dietary TAC was associated to a decreased odd of HTN in women. We could suggest a diet rich in natural antioxidants as it may help prevent development of HTN.
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Ji C, McCulloch CA. TRPV4 integrates matrix mechanosensing with Ca 2+ signaling to regulate extracellular matrix remodeling. FEBS J 2020; 288:5867-5887. [PMID: 33300268 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In healthy connective tissues, mechanosensors trigger the generation of Ca2+ signals, which enable cells to maintain the structure of the fibrillar collagen matrix through actomyosin contractile forces. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) is a mechanosensitive Ca2+ -permeable channel that, when expressed in cell-matrix adhesions of the plasma membrane, regulates extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In high prevalence disorders such as fibrosis and tumor metastasis, dysregulated matrix remodeling is associated with disruptions of Ca2+ homeostasis and TRPV4 function. Here, we consider that ECM polymers transmit cell-activating mechanical signals to TRPV4 in cell adhesions. When activated, TRPV4 regulates fibrillar collagen remodeling, thereby altering the mechanical properties of the ECM. In this review, we integrate functionally connected processes of matrix remodeling to highlight how TRPV4 in cell adhesions and matrix mechanics are reciprocally regulated through Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfan Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Massaro M, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA, De Caterina R. Oxidative stress and vascular stiffness in hypertension: A renewed interest for antioxidant therapies? Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 116:45-50. [PMID: 30946986 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the first successful launch of the Veterans Administration(VA) cooperative studies in the late 1960s, the increasing access to blood pressure lowering medications has significantly contributed to improving longevity and quality of life in hypertensive patients. Since then, insights into the pathogenesis of hypertension have shown a mechanistic role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in all phases of disease progression, suggesting the potential utility of antioxidant therapies to counteract symptoms and, at the same time, treat a fundamental mechanism of the disease. Despite these progresses, hypertension still remains the main contributor to the global incidence of cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We here briefly review and update the role of ROS and ROS-dependent metalloproteinase activation in the maladaptive remodeling of the vascular wall in hypertension. Such understanding should provide new Potential sites of action for antioxidant therapies as an integrated therapeutic approach to hypertension and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
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Uchinaka A, Azuma N, Mizumoto H, Nakano S, Minamiya M, Yoneda M, Aoyama K, Komatsu Y, Yamada Y, Murohara T, Nagata K. Anti-inflammatory effects of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 on cardiac and adipose tissue in rats with metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8156. [PMID: 29802339 PMCID: PMC5970162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 (HK L-137) on chronic inflammation associated with metabolic disorders have remained unknown. We examined the effects of HK L-137 on cardiac and adipose tissue pathophysiology in DahlS.Z-Leprfa/Leprfa (DS/obese) rats as a model of metabolic syndrome. DS/obese rats were treated orally with HK L-137 (2 or 75 mg kg−1 day−1) from 9 to 13 weeks of age. HK L-137 attenuated left ventricular (LV) inflammation and fibrosis as well as adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and up-regulation of sterol regulatory element–binding protein–1c (SREBP-1c) gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, without affecting body weight gain or hypertension. The low dose of HK L-137 also ameliorated LV diastolic dysfunction, the increase in subcutaneous fat mass, and insulin resistance as well as attenuated the down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and the elevation of the circulating interleukin-6 concentration. Furthermore, the proportion of regulatory T (Treg) cells among CD4+ T cells in the spleen was increased by HK L-137. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of HK L-137 on the heart and adipose tissue are related, at least partly, to suppression of systemic inflammation associated with an increase in splenic Treg cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Uchinaka
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Azuma
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mizumoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiho Nakano
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Moeko Minamiya
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamoru Yoneda
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Komatsu
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohzo Nagata
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Uchinaka A, Kawashima Y, Sano Y, Ito S, Sano Y, Nagasawa K, Matsuura N, Yoneda M, Yamada Y, Murohara T, Nagata K. Effects of ramelteon on cardiac injury and adipose tissue pathology in rats with metabolic syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Uchinaka
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Yuri Kawashima
- Department of Medical Technology; Nagoya University School of Health Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - Yuki Sano
- Department of Medical Technology; Nagoya University School of Health Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - Shogo Ito
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Yusuke Sano
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Kai Nagasawa
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Natsumi Matsuura
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Mamoru Yoneda
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Kohzo Nagata
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
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Yim J, Cho H, Rabkin SW. Gene expression and gene associations during the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the Dahl salt sensitive model of hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 40:155-166. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1346113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Yim
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hyokeun Cho
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Simon W. Rabkin
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Hopps E, Lo Presti R, Caimi G. Matrix Metalloproteases in Arterial Hypertension and their Trend after Antihypertensive Treatment. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:347-357. [DOI: 10.1159/000477785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Santa-Helena E, Teixeira S, Castro MRD, Cabrera DDC, D'Oca CDRM, D'Oca MGM, Votto APS, Nery LEM, Gonçalves CAN. Protective role of the novel hybrid 3,5-dipalmitoyl-nifedipine in a cardiomyoblast culture subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:356-364. [PMID: 28554131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the acute effects of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine and its new fatty hybrid derived from palmitic acid, 3,5-dipalmitoyl-nifedipine, compared to endocannabinoid anandamide during the process of inducing ischemia and reperfusion in cardiomyoblast H9c2 heart cells. The cardiomyoblasts were treated in 24 or 96-well plates (according to the test being performed) and maintaining the treatment until the end of hypoxia induction. The molecules were tested at concentrations of 10 and 100μM, cells were treated 24h after assembling the experimental plates and immediately before the I/R. Cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis, and generation of reactive oxygen species were evaluated. Nifedipine and 3,5-dipalmitoyl-nifedipine were used to assess radical scavenging potential and metal chelation. All tested molecules managed to reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species compared to the starvation+vehicle group. In in vitro assays, 3,5-dipalmitoyl-nifedipine showed more antioxidant activity than nifedipine. These results indicate the ability of this molecule to act as a powerful ROS scavenger. Cell viability was highest when cells were induced to I/R by both concentrations of anandamide and the higher concentration of DPN. These treatments also reduced cell death. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the process of hybridization of nifedipine with two palmitic acid chains assigns a greater cardioprotective effect to this molecule, thereby reducing the damage caused by hypoxia and reoxygenation in cardiomyoblast cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Santa-Helena
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Comparative Animal Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Teixeira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Micheli Rosa de Castro
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Comparative Animal Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego da Costa Cabrera
- Kolbe Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo G Montes D'Oca
- Kolbe Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula S Votto
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Comparative Animal Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Maia Nery
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Comparative Animal Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carla Amorim Neves Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Comparative Animal Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Ito S, Sano Y, Nagasawa K, Matsuura N, Yamada Y, Uchinaka A, Murohara T, Nagata K. Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ameliorates cardiac injury and adipose tissue inflammation in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Obes Sci Pract 2016; 2:318-329. [PMID: 27708849 PMCID: PMC5043479 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are abundant in fish oil, have been shown to delay the onset of cardiovascular events. We previously established DahlS.Z-Leprfa/Leprfa (DS/obese) rats, which are derived from a cross between Dahl salt-sensitive and Zucker rats, as a model of metabolic syndrome. This study has now explored the influence of highly purified EPA on cardiac and adipose tissue pathophysiology in this animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS DS/obese rats were administered EPA (300 or 1,000 mg kg-1 d-1, per os) or vehicle from age 9 to 13 weeks. Homozygous lean (DahlS.Z-Lepr+/Lepr+, or DS/lean) littermates were studied as controls. RESULTS Whereas EPA had no effect on body weight, food intake or systolic blood pressure in DS/obese rats, it attenuated cardiac fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation in these animals. In addition, EPA did not affect insulin resistance but reduced adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation in visceral fat of DS/obese rats. Moreover, EPA increased circulating levels of adiponectin as well as attenuated both the down-regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and the up-regulation of phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kB in the heart of DS/obese rats. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of DS/obese rats with EPA did not affect hypertension but reduced cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction, with the latter effects being accompanied by AMP-activated protein kinase activation and inactivation of nuclear factor-kB signalling in the heart, possibly as a result of an increase in adiponectin secretion. EPA may be suitable for the treatment of cardiac injury associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ito
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Y Sano
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - K Nagasawa
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - N Matsuura
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Y Yamada
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - A Uchinaka
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - T Murohara
- Department of Cardiology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - K Nagata
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
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Nagasawa K, Matsuura N, Takeshita Y, Ito S, Sano Y, Yamada Y, Uchinaka A, Murohara T, Nagata K. Attenuation of cold stress-induced exacerbation of cardiac and adipose tissue pathology and metabolic disorders in a rat model of metabolic syndrome by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486. Nutr Diabetes 2016; 6:e207. [PMID: 27110688 PMCID: PMC4855259 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2016.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic stress affects the central nervous system as well as endocrine, metabolic and immune systems. However, the effects of cold stress on cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in metabolic syndrome (MetS) have remained unclear. We recently characterized DahlS.Z-Lepr(fa)/Lepr(fa) (DS/obese) rats, derived from a cross between Dahl salt-sensitive and Zucker rats, as a new animal model of MetS. We have now investigated the effects of chronic cold stress and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) blockade on cardiac and adipose tissue pathology as well as on metabolic parameters in this model. METHODS DS/obese rats were exposed to cold stress (immersion in ice-cold water to a depth of 1-2 cm for 2 h per day) with or without subcutaneous injection of the GR antagonist RU486 (2 mg kg(-1)day(-1)) for 4 weeks beginning at 9 weeks of age. Age-matched homozygous lean (DahlS.Z-Lepr(+)/Lepr(+)) littermates served as a control. RESULTS Chronic cold stress exacerbated hypertension as well as left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in DS/obese rats in a manner sensitive to RU486 treatment. Cold stress with or without RU486 did not affect body weight or fat mass. In contrast, cold stress further increased cardiac oxidative stress as well as macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory gene expression in LV and visceral fat tissue, with all of these effects being attenuated by RU486. Cold stress also further increased GR and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 mRNA and protein abundance in LV and visceral adipose tissue, and these effects were again inhibited by RU486. In addition, RU486 ameliorated the stress-induced aggravation of dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in DS/obese rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results implicate GR signaling in cold stress-induced exacerbation of cardiac and adipose tissue pathology as well as of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in a rat model of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nagasawa
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - N Matsuura
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Takeshita
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Ito
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Sano
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Yamada
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Uchinaka
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Nagata
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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11
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Blockade of glucocorticoid receptors with RU486 attenuates cardiac damage and adipose tissue inflammation in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:741-50. [PMID: 26155752 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are stress hormones that modulate metabolic, inflammatory and cardiovascular processes. We recently characterized DahlS.Z-Lepr(fa)/Lepr(fa) (DS/obese) rats, derived from a cross between Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Zucker rats, as a new animal model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We have now investigated the effects of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) blockade on cardiac and adipose tissue pathology and gene expression, as well as on glucose metabolism in this model. DS/obese rats were treated with the GR blocker RU486 (2 mg kg(-1) per day, subcutaneous) for 4 weeks beginning at 9 weeks of age. Age-matched homozygous lean (DahlS.Z-Lepr(+)/Lepr(+), or DS/lean) littermates of DS/obese rats served as controls. Treatment of DS/obese rats with RU486 attenuated left ventricular (LV) fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction, as well as cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation, without affecting hypertension or LV hypertrophy. Administration of RU486 to DS/obese rats also inhibited the upregulation of GR and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) expression at the mRNA and protein levels in the heart; it attenuated adiposity and adipose tissue inflammation, as well as the upregulation of GR and 11β-HSD1 mRNA and protein expression in adipose tissue; it ameliorated fasting hyperinsulinemia as well as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Our results thus implicate the glucocorticoid-GR axis in the pathophysiology of MetS, and they suggest that GR blockade has therapeutic potential for the treatment of this condition.
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Matsuura N, Nagasawa K, Minagawa Y, Ito S, Sano Y, Yamada Y, Hattori T, Watanabe S, Murohara T, Nagata K. Restraint stress exacerbates cardiac and adipose tissue pathology via β-adrenergic signaling in rats with metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1275-86. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00906.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Restraint stress stimulates sympathetic nerve activity and can affect adiposity and metabolism. However, the effects of restraint stress on cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in metabolic syndrome (MetS) have remained unclear. We investigated the effects of chronic restraint stress and β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) blockade on cardiac and adipose tissue pathology and metabolic disorders in a rat model of MetS. DahlS.Z- Leprfa/ Leprfa (DS/obese) rats, derived from a cross between Dahl salt-sensitive and Zucker rats. Rats were exposed to restraint stress (restraint cage, 2 h/day) for 4 wk from 9 wk of age with or without daily subcutaneous administration of the β-AR blocker propranolol (2 mg/kg). Age-matched homozygous lean littermates of DS/obese rats (DahlS.Z- Lepr+ /Lepr+ rats) served as control animals. Chronic restraint stress exacerbated hypertension as well as left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and oxidative stress in a manner sensitive to propranolol treatment. Restraint stress attenuated body weight gain in DS/obese rats, and this effect tended to be reversed by propranolol ( P = 0.0682). Restraint stress or propranolol did not affect visceral or subcutaneous fat mass. However, restraint stress potentiated cardiac and visceral adipose tissue inflammation in DS/obese rats, and these effects were ameliorated by propranolol. Restraint stress also exacerbated glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and abnormal lipid metabolism in a manner sensitive to propranolol. In addition, restraint stress increased urinary norepinephrine excretion, and propranolol attenuated this effect. Our results thus implicate β-ARs in the exacerbation of cardiac and adipose tissue pathology and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism induced by restraint stress in this model of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Matsuura
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kai Nagasawa
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Minagawa
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; and
| | - Shogo Ito
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sano
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Hattori
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shogo Watanabe
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohzo Nagata
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Matsuura N, Asano C, Nagasawa K, Ito S, Sano Y, Minagawa Y, Yamada Y, Hattori T, Watanabe S, Murohara T, Nagata K. Effects of pioglitazone on cardiac and adipose tissue pathology in rats with metabolic syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2014; 179:360-9. [PMID: 25464487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione drug that acts as an insulin sensitizer. We recently characterized DahlS.Z-Lepr(fa)/Lepr(fa) (DS/obese) rats, derived from a cross between Dahl salt-sensitive and Zucker rats, as a new animal model of metabolic syndrome. We have now investigated the effects of pioglitazone on cardiac and adipose tissue pathology in this model. METHODS AND RESULTS DS/obese rats were treated with pioglitazone (2.5 mg/kg per day, per os) from 9 to 13 weeks of age. Age-matched homozygous lean (DahlS.Z-Lepr(+)/Lepr(+), or DS/lean) littermates served as controls. Pioglitazone increased body weight and food intake in DS/obese rats. It also ameliorated left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction as well as attenuated cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation, without lowering blood pressure, in DS/obese rats, but it had no effect on these parameters in DS/lean rats. In addition, pioglitazone increased visceral and subcutaneous fat mass but alleviated adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation in visceral adipose tissue in DS/obese rats. Furthermore, pioglitazone increased the serum concentration of adiponectin, induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the heart, as well as ameliorated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in DS/obese rats. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of DS/obese rats with pioglitazone exacerbated obesity but attenuated LV hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction, with these latter effects being associated with the activation of cardiac AMPK signaling likely as a result of the stimulation of adiponectin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Matsuura
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chiharu Asano
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kai Nagasawa
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shogo Ito
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sano
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Minagawa
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Hattori
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shogo Watanabe
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohzo Nagata
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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14
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Inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate extract of Aristolochia yunnanensis on cardiac fibrosis through extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and transforming growth factor β/small mother against decapentaplegic signaling pathways. Transl Res 2014; 163:160-70. [PMID: 24157579 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochia yunnanensis, known as Nan Mu Xiang in traditional Chinese medicine, has long been used to treat hypertension and chest pain. In this study, the effect of ethyl acetate extract of Nan Mu Xiang (NMX) on cardiac fibrosis was assessed in vitro by cultured adult rat cardiac fibroblasts with angiotensin II (AngII) stimulation, and in vivo by rats with abdominal aorta constriction (AAC). In cultured adult rat cardiac fibroblasts stimulated by AngII, NMX inhibited cardiac fibroblast proliferation, reduced the expression of fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner; and suppressed AngII-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, C- rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (C-Raf), and small mother against decapentaplegic (Smad) 2. Similar results were also observed in AAC rats with intraperitoneal injection of NMX, which not only ameliorated myocardial fibrosis, but also improved cardiac function. The therapeutic effect of NMX on myocardial fibrosis is attributed mainly to the inhibition of ERK and the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. NMX may be a promising potential drug candidate for myocardial fibrosis.
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15
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Palei ACT, Granger JP, Tanus-Santos JE. Matrix metalloproteinases as drug targets in preeclampsia. Curr Drug Targets 2013; 14:325-34. [PMID: 23316964 DOI: 10.2174/1389450111314030004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is an important syndrome complicating pregnancy. While the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is not entirely known, poor placental perfusion leading to widespread maternal endothelial dysfunction is accepted as a major mechanism. It has been suggested that altered placental expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may cause shallow cytotrophoblastic invasion and incomplete remodeling of the spiral arteries. MMPs are also thought to link placental ischemia to the cardiovascular alterations of preeclampsia. In fact, MMPs may promote vasoconstriction and surface receptors cleavage affecting the vasculature. Therefore, the overall goal of this review article is to provide an overview of the pathophisiology of preeclampsia, more specifically regarding the role of MMPs in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and the potential of MMP inhibitors as therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C T Palei
- aDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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16
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Comparison of the effects of cilnidipine and amlodipine on cardiac remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. J Hypertens 2012; 30:1845-55. [PMID: 22796710 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283567645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The L/N-type calcium channel blocker (CCB) cilnidipine suppresses sympathetic nerve activity and has a superior renoprotective effect compared with L-type CCBs such as amlodipine. The cardioprotective action of cilnidipine has remained largely uncharacterized, however. We have now investigated the effects of cilnidipine, in comparison with amlodipine, on cardiac pathophysiology in rats with salt-sensitive hypertension. METHODS Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a high-salt diet from 6 weeks of age were treated with vehicle (LVH group), amlodipine (3 mg/kg per day), or cilnidipine (3 mg/kg per day) from 7 to 11 weeks. RESULTS The salt-induced increase in SBP apparent in LVH rats was attenuated to a similar extent by treatment with amlodipine or cilnidipine. The two drugs also similarly inhibited the development of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. However, cilnidipine attenuated the increase in relative wall thickness as well as ameliorated LV perivascular and interstitial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction to a greater extent than did amlodipine. In addition, cilnidipine treatment was associated with greater inhibition of cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) gene expression. The decrease in cardiac norepinephrine content apparent in LVH rats was similarly inhibited by both drugs. CONCLUSIONS Cilnidipine attenuated LV fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction as well as LV concentricity to a greater extent than did amlodipine in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. The superior cardioprotective action of cilnidipine is likely attributable, at least in part, to the greater antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects associated with inhibition of cardiac RAS gene expression observed with this drug.
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17
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Agrinier N, Thilly N, Boivin JM, Dousset B, Alla F, Zannad F. Prognostic value of serum PIIINP, MMP1 and TIMP1 levels in hypertensive patients: a community-based prospective cohort study. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2012; 27:572-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2012.01053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean-Marc Boivin
- Departement of Cardiology; INSERM; CIC9501 and U961, CHU Nancy; Hypertension and Heart Failure Unit; CHU, Université de Lorraine; 54500; Vandœuvre les Nancy; France
| | | | | | - Faiez Zannad
- Departement of Cardiology; INSERM; CIC9501 and U961, CHU Nancy; Hypertension and Heart Failure Unit; CHU, Université de Lorraine; 54500; Vandœuvre les Nancy; France
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18
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Moey M, Gan XT, Huang CX, Rajapurohitam V, Martínez-Abundis E, Lui EM, Karmazyn M. Ginseng Reverses Established Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Postmyocardial Infarction-Induced Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2012; 5:504-14. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.112.967489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
A major challenge in the treatment of heart failure is the ability to reverse already-established myocardial remodeling and ventricular dysfunction, with few available pharmacological agents prescribed for the management of heart failure having demonstrated successful reversal of the remodeling and hypertrophic processes. North American ginseng (
Panax quinquefolius
) has previously been shown to effectively prevent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and heart failure. Here, we determined whether North American ginseng can reverse established cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in cultured myocytes as well as hypertrophy and left ventricular dysfunction in experimental heart failure secondary to coronary artery occlusion.
Methods and Results—
Ginseng was administered in drinking water (0.9 g/L) ad libitum to rats after 4 weeks of sustained coronary artery ligation when heart failure was established or to angiotensin II- (100 nmol/L), endothelin-1- (10 nmol/L), or phenylephrine- (10 µmol/L) induced hypertrophic cultured neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes. Echocardiographic and catheter-based measurements of hemodynamic parameters 4 weeks after starting ginseng treatment (8 weeks postinfarction) revealed nearly complete reversibility of systolic and diastolic abnormalities. Similarly, ginseng administration to hypertrophic cardiomyocytes resulted in a complete reversal to a normal phenotype after 24 hours as determined by cell surface area and expression of molecular markers. The effects of ginseng both in vivo and in cultured cardiomyocytes were associated with reversal of calcineurin activation and reduced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NFAT3 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 3) in cultured myocytes. Moreover, the beneficial effect of ginseng was associated with normalization in the gene expression of profibrotic markers, including collagen (I and III) and fibronectin.
Conclusions—
This study demonstrates a marked ability of ginseng to reverse cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial remodeling, and heart failure, which was associated with and likely mediated by reversal of calcineurin activation. Ginseng may offer a potentially effective approach to reverse the myocardial remodeling and heart failure processes, particularly in combination with other treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Moey
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaohong T. Gan
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cathy Xiaoling Huang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Venkatesh Rajapurohitam
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Abundis
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Edmund M.K. Lui
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Morris Karmazyn
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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19
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Tousoulis D, Papageorgiou N, Briasoulis A, Androulakis E, Charakida M, Tsiamis E, Stefanadis C. Conflicting effects of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in chronic heart failure: potential therapeutic strategies. Heart Fail Rev 2012; 17:65-79. [PMID: 21293971 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-011-9228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. In addition, the beneficial NO turns to be deleterious when it reacts with superoxide anion, leading to peroxynitrite formation. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have reported increased production of reactive oxygen species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical) both in animals and patients with CHF. Moreover, there are indicative data suggesting mechanisms associated with endothelial dysfunction in states of CHF, mainly attributed to decreased NO bioavailability and enhanced inactivation of the latter. Thus, such molecules appear to be potential targets in patients with CHF. These patients are strong candidates to receive a variety of therapeutic agents, some of which have known antioxidant effects. Classic treatment with statins or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors has been found to be beneficial in restoring NO and improving myocardial function and structure. Other agents such as sildenafil and b-blockers along with novel agents such as NO synthase transcription enhancers have been proved to be also beneficial, but their use for such a purpose is still controversial. Approaches using more-effective antioxidants or targeting myocardial oxidant-producing enzymes and oxidative or nitrosative stress might be promising strategies in the future.
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20
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Murase T, Hattori T, Ohtake M, Nakashima C, Takatsu M, Murohara T, Nagata K. Effects of estrogen on cardiovascular injury in ovariectomized female DahlS.Z-Lepr(fa)/Lepr(fa) rats as a new animal model of metabolic syndrome. Hypertension 2012; 59:694-704. [PMID: 22275535 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.180976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although recent clinical trials have found an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in women on estrogen replacement therapy, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We have recently characterized DahlS.Z-Lepr(fa)/Lepr(fa) (DS/obese) rats, derived from a cross between Dahl salt-sensitive and Zucker rats, as a new animal model of metabolic syndrome. We have now examined the effects of estrogen replacement on cardiac pathophysiology in ovariectomized female DS/obese (Ovx-DS/obese) rats. Animals subjected to ovariectomy at 7 weeks of age were implanted subcutaneously with a 60-day release pellet containing 0.5 mg of 17β-estradiol (E(2)) or placebo at 8 weeks. Age-matched female homozygous lean littermates (DahlS.Z-Lepr(+)/Lepr(+) or DS/lean rats) of DS/obese rats served as controls. Animals were maintained on a normal diet and were subjected to echocardiography followed by various pathological analyses at 13 weeks of age. Ovx-DS/obese rats manifested hypertension at 7 weeks of age and thereafter and showed left ventricular (LV) fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction at 13 weeks. Treatment with E(2) attenuated hypertension in Ovx-DS/obese rats but had no effect on blood pressure in ovariectomized female DS/lean (Ovx-DS/lean) rats. E(2) treatment exacerbated LV fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction, as well as further increased cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation in Ovx-DS/obese rats, and it elicited similar effects in Ovx-DS/lean rats. E(2) reduced food intake, body weight, and visceral fat content in both Ovx-DS/obese and Ovx-DS/lean rats. E(2) treatment attenuated hypertension and obesity but exacerbated LV fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in Ovx-DS/obese rats, with these latter effects being associated with increased cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamayo Murase
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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21
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Murase T, Hattori T, Ohtake M, Abe M, Amakusa Y, Takatsu M, Murohara T, Nagata K. Cardiac remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in DahlS.Z-Lepr(fa)/Lepr(fa) rats: a new animal model of metabolic syndrome. Hypertens Res 2011; 35:186-93. [PMID: 21918527 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We recently characterized male DahlS.Z-Lepr(fa)/Lepr(fa) (Dahl salt-sensitive (DS)/obese) rats, which were established from a cross between Dahl salt-sensitive and Zucker rats, as a new animal model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We have now investigated cardiac pathophysiology and metabolic changes in female DS/obese rats in comparison with homozygous lean female littermates (DahlS.Z-Lepr(+)/Lepr(+), or DS/lean, rats). Animals were maintained on a normal diet and were subjected to echocardiography followed by various pathological analyses at 15 weeks of age. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in female DS/obese rats than in DS/lean females at 12 weeks of age and thereafter. The survival rate of DS/obese rats was significantly lower than that of DS/lean rats at 15 weeks. Body weight, as well as visceral and subcutaneous fat mass were significantly increased in DS/obese rats, which also manifested left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and marked LV hypertrophy and fibrosis. In addition, myocardial oxidative stress and inflammation were increased in DS/obese rats compared with DS/lean rats. Serum insulin and triglyceride levels as well as the ratio of low-density lipoprotein- to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were markedly elevated in DS/obese rats, whereas fasting serum glucose concentrations were similar in the two rat strains. The phenotype of female DS/obese rats is similar to that of MetS in humans. These animals also develop salt-sensitive hypertension and LV diastolic dysfunction as well as LV hypertrophy and fibrosis, and these changes are associated with increased cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamayo Murase
- Department of Pathophysiology Laboratory Sciences, University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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22
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Bayeva M, Ardehali H. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage to sarcomeric proteins. Curr Hypertens Rep 2011; 12:426-32. [PMID: 20865351 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-010-0149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important risk factor for the development of heart failure. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to cardiac dysfunction by activating numerous pro-hypertrophic signaling cascades and damaging the mitochondria, thus setting off a vicious cycle of ROS generation. The way in which oxidative stress leads to exacerbation of systolic and diastolic dysfunction is still unclear, however. In skeletal muscle and ischemic myocardium, increased ROS production causes preferential oxidation of myofibrillar proteins and provides a mechanistic link between oxidative damage and impaired contractility through disruption of actin-myosin interactions, enzymatic functions, calcium sensitivity, and efficiency of cross-bridge cycling. In this review, we summarize recent findings in the fields of heart failure and sarcomere biology and speculate that oxidative damage to myofibrils may contribute to the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bayeva
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14-733, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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23
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Cha HN, Choi JH, Kim YW, Kim JY, Ahn MW, Park SY. Metformin Inhibits Isoproterenol-induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 14:377-84. [PMID: 21311678 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2010.14.6.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined whether metformin treatment prevents isoporterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Chronic subcutaneous infusion of isoproterenol (15 mg/kg/24 h) for 1 week using an osmotic minipump induced cardiac hypertrophy measured by the heart-to-body weight ratio and left ventricular posterior wall thickness. Cardiac hypertrophy was accompanied with increased interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), collagen I and III, and matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2). Coinfusion of metformin (150 mg/kg/24 h) with isoproterenol partially inhibited cardiac hypertrophy that was followed by reduced IL-6, TGF-β, ANP, collagen I and III, and MMP-2. Chronic subcutaneous infusion of metformin did not increase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in heart, although acute intraperitoneal injection of metformin (10 mg/kg) increased AMPK activity. Isoproterenol increased nitrotyrosine levels and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase and metformin treatment normalized these changes. These results suggest that metformin inhibits cardiac hypertrophy through attenuating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Na Cha
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, Korea
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24
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Marchesi C, Maresca AM, Grandi AM. Matrix Metalloproteinases and their Inhibitors in Hypertensive Cardiac Remodelling. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.2165/11311960-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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25
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26
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Tada Y, Kagota S, Matsumoto M, Naito Y, Shibata H, Nejime N, Tsujino T, Koshiba M, Masuyama T, Shinozuka K. Characterization of Cardiac Size and Function in SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr Rats, a New Animal Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1971-6. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Tada
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Satomi Kagota
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Mika Matsumoto
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Yoshiro Naito
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Hiromi Shibata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Science
| | - Namie Nejime
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Takeshi Tsujino
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Koshiba
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital
| | - Tohru Masuyama
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Kazumasa Shinozuka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
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