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Sharma S, Sharma D, Dhobi M, Wang D, Tewari D. An insight to treat cardiovascular diseases through phytochemicals targeting PPAR-α. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:707-732. [PMID: 37171724 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily is a promising target for CVDs which mechanistically improves the production of high-density lipid as well as inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. PPAR-α mainly interferes with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase, and nuclear factor-κB pathways to protect against cardiac complications. Natural products/extracts could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy in CVDs for targeting PPAR-α with broad safety margins. In recent years, the understanding of naturally derived PPAR-α agonists has considerably improved; however, the information is scattered. In vitro and in vivo studies on acacetin, apigenin, arjunolic acid, astaxanthin, berberine, resveratrol, vaticanol C, hispidulin, ginsenoside Rb3, and genistein showed significant effects in CVDs complications by targeting PPAR-α. With the aim of demonstrating the tremendous chemical variety of natural products targeting PPAR-α in CVDs, this review provides insight into various natural products that can work to prevent CVDs by targeting the PPAR-α receptor along with their detailed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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Identification of Differential Expression Genes between Volume and Pressure Overloaded Hearts Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071276. [PMID: 35886059 PMCID: PMC9318830 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Volume overload (VO) and pressure overload (PO) are two common pathophysiological conditions associated with cardiac disease. VO, in particular, often occurs in a number of diseases, and no clinically meaningful molecular marker has yet been established. We intend to find the main differential gene expression using bioinformatics analysis. GSE97363 and GSE52796 are the two gene expression array datasets related with VO and PO, respectively. The LIMMA algorithm was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of VO and PO. The DEGs were divided into three groups and subjected to functional enrichment analysis, which comprised GO analysis, KEGG analysis, and the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. To validate the sequencing data, cardiomyocytes from AR and TAC mouse models were used to extract RNA for qRT-PCR. The three genes with random absolute values of LogFC and indicators of heart failure (natriuretic peptide B, NPPB) were detected: carboxylesterase 1D (CES1D), whirlin (WHRN), and WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 2 (WNK2). The DEGs in VO and PO were determined to be 2761 and 1093, respectively, in this study. Following the intersection, 305 genes were obtained, 255 of which expressed the opposing regulation and 50 of which expressed the same regulation. According to the GO and pathway enrichment studies, DEGs with opposing regulation are mostly common in fatty acid degradation, propanoate metabolism, and other signaling pathways. Finally, we used Cytoscape’s three techniques to identify six hub genes by intersecting 255 with the opposite expression and constructing a PPI network. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain (ACADM), patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2), isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (IDH3), heat shock protein family D member 1 (HSPD1), and dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT) were identified as six potential genes. Furthermore, we predict that the hub genes PPARα, ACADM, and PNPLA2 regulate VO myocardial changes via fatty acid metabolism and acyl-Coa dehydrogenase activity, and that these genes could be employed as basic biomarkers for VO diagnosis and treatment.
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Duan Y, Qi D, Liu Y, Song Y, Wang X, Jiao S, Li H, Gonzalez FJ, Qi Y, Xu Q, Du J, Qu A. Deficiency of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α attenuates apoptosis and promotes migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101091. [PMID: 34381883 PMCID: PMC8339143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α is widely expressed in the vasculature and has pleiotropic and lipid-lowering independent effects, but its role in the growth and function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during vascular pathophysiology is still unclear. Herein, VSMC-specific PPARα-deficient mice (Ppara ΔSMC) were generated by Cre-LoxP site-specific recombinase technology and VSMCs were isolated from mice aorta. PPARα deficiency attenuated VSMC apoptosis induced by angiotensin (Ang) II and hydrogen peroxide, and increased the migration of Ang II-challenged cells.
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Key Words
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- Angiotensin II
- EC, endothelial cell
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- PPARα
- SM22α, smooth muscle 22α
- TGF, tumor growth factor
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell
- Vascular remodeling
- Vascular smooth muscle cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Duan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing, China
| | - Dan Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Jiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongfen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King' s College of London, London, UK
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing, China.,Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing, China
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Chen G, Adeyemo A, Zhou J, Doumatey AP, Bentley AR, Ekoru K, Shriner D, Rotimi CN. A UGT1A1 variant is associated with serum total bilirubin levels, which are causal for hypertension in African-ancestry individuals. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:44. [PMID: 34117260 PMCID: PMC8196001 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum bilirubin is associated with several clinical outcomes, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and drug metabolism. Here, we describe findings from our genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of serum (TBIL) using a generalized linear mixed model in West Africans (n = 1127), with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, T2D, significant principal components of population structure, and cryptic relatedness. Genome-wide conditional analysis and CAVIARBF were used to fine map significant loci. The causal effect of TBIL on hypertension was assessed by Mendelian randomization (MR) using the GWAS findings as instrumental variables (IVs) in African Americans (n = 3,067). The SNP rs887829 (UGT1A1) was significantly associated with TBIL levels (effect allele (T) frequency = 0.49, β (SE) = 0.59 (0.04), p = 9.13 × 10-54). Genome-wide conditional analysis and regional fine mapping pointed to rs887829 as a possible causal variant with a posterior inclusion probability of 0.99. The T allele of rs887829 is associated with lower hepatic expression of UGT1A1. Using rs887829 as an IV, two-stage least-squares MR showed a causal effect of bilirubin on hypertension (β = -0.76, 95% CI [-1.52, -0.01], p = 0.0459). Our finding confirms that UGT1A1 influences bilirubin levels. Notably, lower TBIL is causally associated with the increased risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Chen
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ayo P. Doumatey
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Amy R. Bentley
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Kenneth Ekoru
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Daniel Shriner
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Charles N. Rotimi
- grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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Shields CA, Poudel B, McPherson KC, Brown AK, Ekperikpe US, Browning E, Sutton L, Cornelius DC, Williams JM. Treatment With Gemfibrozil Prevents the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Obese Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Front Physiol 2020; 11:566403. [PMID: 33071820 PMCID: PMC7533555 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.566403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that Dahl salt-sensitive leptin receptor mutant (SSLepRmutant) rats exhibit dyslipidemia and renal lipid accumulation independent of hyperglycemia that progresses to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, in the current study, we examined the effects of gemfibrozil, a lipid-lowering drug (200 mg/kg/day, orally), on the progression of renal injury in SS and SSLepRmutant rats for 4 weeks starting at 12 weeks of age. Plasma triglyceride levels were markedly elevated in the SSLepRmutant strain compared to SS rats (1193 ± 243 and 98 ± 16 mg/day, respectively). Gemfibrozil treatment only reduced plasma triglycerides in the SSLepRmutant strain (410 ± 79 mg/dL). MAP was significantly higher in the SSLepRmutant strain vs. SS rats at the end of the study (198 ± 7 vs. 165 ± 7 mmHg, respectively). Administration of gemfibrozil only lowered MAP in SSLepRmutant rats (163 ± 8 mmHg). During the course of the study, proteinuria increased to 125 ± 22 mg/day in SS rats. However, proteinuria did not change in the SSLepRmutant strain and remained near baseline (693 ± 58 mg/day). Interestingly, treatment with gemfibrozil increased the progression of proteinuria by 77% in the SSLepRmutant strain without affecting proteinuria in SS rats. The renal injury in the SSLepRmutant strain progressed to CKD. Moreover, the kidneys from SSLepRmutant rats displayed significant glomerular injury with mesangial expansion and increased renal lipid accumulation and fibrosis compared to SS rats. Treatment with gemfibrozil significantly reduced glomerular injury and lipid accumulation and improved renal function. These data indicate that reducing plasma triglyceride levels with gemfibrozil inhibits hypertension and CKD associated with obesity in SSLepRmutant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin A. Shields
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Bibek Poudel
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Kasi C. McPherson
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Andrea K. Brown
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Ubong S. Ekperikpe
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Evan Browning
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Lamari Sutton
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Denise C. Cornelius
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jan M. Williams
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- *Correspondence: Jan M. Williams,
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MG53 Protects against Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction by Upregulating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- α. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7413693. [PMID: 32908637 PMCID: PMC7474382 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7413693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The heart is one of the most commonly affected organs during sepsis. Mitsugumin-53 (MG53) has attracted attention in research due to its cardioprotective function. However, the role of MG53 in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism of MG53 in SIMD and investigate its potential relationship with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα). Methods The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model was created to induce SIMD in rats. Protein levels of MG53 and PPARα, cardiac function, cardiomyocyte injury, myocardial oxidative stress and inflammatory indicators, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were measured at 18 h after CLP. The effects of MG53 on PPARα in SIMD were investigated via preconditioning recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) and PPARα antagonist GW6471. Results The expression of MG53 and PPARα sharply decreased in the myocardium at 18 h after CLP. Compared with the sham group, cardiac function was significantly depressed, which was associated with the destructed myocardium, upregulated oxidative stress indicators and proinflammatory cytokines, and excessive cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the CLP group. Supplementation with rhMG53 enhanced myocardial MG53, increased the survival rate with improved cardiac function, and reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and myocardial apoptosis, which were associated with PPARα upregulation. Pretreatment with GW6471 abolished the abovementioned protective effects induced by MG53. Conclusions Both MG53 and PPARα were downregulated after sepsis shock. MG53 supplement protects the heart against SIMD by upregulating PPARα expression. Our results provide a new treatment strategy for SIMD.
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Odai T, Terauchi M, Okamoto D, Hirose A, Miyasaka N. Unsalted tomato juice intake improves blood pressure and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in local Japanese residents at risk of cardiovascular disease. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2271-2279. [PMID: 31367355 PMCID: PMC6657743 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of unsalted tomato juice intake on cardiovascular risk markers in local Japanese residents. Four hundred and eighty-one local residents in Kuriyama, Japan, were enrolled in this study. Throughout the year of the study, they were provided with as much unsalted tomato juice as they wanted. Participants were screened for cardiovascular risk markers, such as blood pressure (BP), serum lipid profile, and glucose tolerance, before and after the study period. Of the study participants, 260 participated in a detailed study of their lifestyle factors. The average ages of the 184 male and 297 female participants were 56.3 ± 13.3 (mean ± SD) and 58.4 ± 11.7 years, respectively. BP in 94 participants with untreated prehypertension or hypertension was significantly lowered (systolic BP, 141.2 ± 12.1-137.0 ± 16.3 mmHg, p = 0.003; diastolic BP, 83.3 ± 10.1-80.9 ± 11.1 mmHg, p = 0.012, paired t test). Further, the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level in 125 participants with untreated dyslipidemia significantly decreased (155.0 ± 23.2-149.9 ± 25.0 mg/dl, p = 0.005, paired t test). These beneficial effects were not different between sexes and among the different age groups. No significant difference in lifestyle was found before and after the study. Unsalted tomato juice intake improved systolic and diastolic BP and serum LDL-C level in local Japanese residents at risk of cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamami Odai
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Masakazu Terauchi
- Department of Women's HealthTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | - Asuka Hirose
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of Women's HealthTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
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Rosiglitazone, a Ligand to PPAR γ, Improves Blood Pressure and Vascular Function through Renin-Angiotensin System Regulation. PPAR Res 2019; 2019:1371758. [PMID: 30863432 PMCID: PMC6378057 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1371758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosiglitazone (RGZ), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligand, has been reported to act as insulin sensitizer and exert cardiovascular actions. In this work, we hypothesized that RGZ exerts a PPARγ–dependent regulation of blood pressure through modulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-type 2 (ACE2)/angiotensin-(1-7)/angiotensin II type-2 receptor (AT2R) axis in an experimental model of high blood pressure. We carried on experiments in normotensive (Sham) and aortic coarctation (AoCo)-induced hypertensive male Wistar rats. Both sham and AoCo rats were treated 7 days with vehicle (V), RGZ (5 mg/kg/day), or RGZ+BADGE (120 mg/kg/day) post-coarctation. We measured blood pressure and vascular reactivity on aortic rings, as well as the expression of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) proteins. We found that RGZ treatment in AoCo group decreases blood pressure values and improves vascular response to acetylcholine, both parameters dependent on PPARγ-stimulation. RGZ lowered serum angiotensin II (AngII) but increased Ang-(1-7) levels. It also decreased 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-2dG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and improved the antioxidant capacity. Regarding protein expression of RAS, RGZ decreases ACE and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and improved ACE2, AT2R, and Mas receptor in AoCo rats. Additionally, an in silico analysis revealed that 5′UTR regions of RAS and PPARγ share motifs with a transcriptional regulatory role. We conclude that RGZ lowers blood pressure values by increasing the expression of RAS axis proteins ACE2 and AT2R, decreasing the levels of AngII and increasing levels of Ang-(1-7) in a PPARγ-dependent manner. The in silico analysis is a valuable tool to predict the interaction between PPARγ and RAS.
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Guan J, Zhao M, He C, Li X, Li Y, Sun J, Wang W, Cui YL, Zhang Q, Li BY, Qiao GF. Anti-Hypertensive Action of Fenofibrate via UCP2 Upregulation Mediated by PPAR Activation in Baroreflex Afferent Pathway. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:15-24. [PMID: 30173356 PMCID: PMC6357279 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate, an agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), lowers blood pressure, but whether this action is mediated via baroreflex afferents has not been elucidated. In this study, the distribution of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ was assessed in the nodose ganglion (NG) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Hypertension induced by drinking high fructose (HFD) was reduced, along with complete restoration of impaired baroreceptor sensitivity, by chronic treatment with fenofibrate. The molecular data also showed that both PPAR-α and PPAR-γ were dramatically up-regulated in the NG and NTS of the HFD group. Expression of the downstream signaling molecule of PPAR-α, the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), was up-regulated in the baroreflex afferent pathway under similar experimental conditions, along with amelioration of reduced superoxide dismutase activity and increased superoxide in HFD rats. These results suggest that chronic treatment with fenofibrate plays a crucial role in the neural control of blood pressure by improving baroreflex afferent function due at least partially to PPAR-mediated up-regulation of UCP2 expression and reduction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ya-Li Cui
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Guo-Fen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Lin Y, Zeng H, Gao L, Gu T, Wang C, Zhang H. Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Atherosclerosis in a Partially Ligated Carotid Artery Mouse model via Regulating Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Expression. Front Physiol 2017; 8:782. [PMID: 29066981 PMCID: PMC5641337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide has been suggested to play an essential role in atherogenesis. There is a paucity of information about the association between H2S and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a novel homolog of ACE. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore the role of H2S in atherosclerosis with respect to ACE2 both in vitro and in vivo. Here, a murine model of acutely disturbed flow-induced atherosclerosis by left common carotid artery (LCA) partial ligation was utilized. We found that carotid partial ligation in high-fat fed apoE−/− mice significantly inhibited endogenous H2S synthesis in LCA. Application of NaHS, an H2S donor considerably attenuated the severity of atherosclerosis with upregulating carotid expression of ACE2, thus converting pro-atherosclerotic angiotensin II (Ang II) to anti-atherosclerotic angiotensin 1-7 (Ang-(1-7)). The anti-atherosclerotic effect of NaHS was dramatically abolished by treatment with MLN-4760, an ACE2 inhibitor. In contrast, blockage of H2S formation by DL-propargylglycine exacerbated the burden of atherosclerotic plaques accompanied by inhibiting carotid expression of ACE2. At the cellular level, NaHS dose-dependently promoted the expression of ACE2 and conversion from Ang II to Ang-(1-7) in unstimulated or LPS-stimulated endothelial cells, thus exerting anti-inflammatory properties. The anti-inflammatory effect of NaHS was abrogated by pretreatment with DX600, a selective ACE2 inhibitor. In conclusion, these data provide direct evidences that endogenous H2S insufficiency exists in acute flow disturbance-induced atherosclerosis and that application of H2S may protect against atherosclerosis via upregulating ACE2 expression in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huasu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Gu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Fenofibrate Therapy Restores Antioxidant Protection and Improves Myocardial Insulin Resistance in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome and Myocardial Ischemia: The Role of Angiotensin II. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010031. [PMID: 28036029 PMCID: PMC6155612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation promotes oxidative stress which increases the risk of cardiac dysfunction in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and favors local insulin resistance. Fibrates regulate RAS improving MetS, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We studied the effect of fenofibrate treatment on the myocardic signaling pathway of Angiotensin II (Ang II)/Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) and its relationship with oxidative stress and myocardial insulin resistance in MetS rats under heart ischemia. Control and MetS rats were assigned to the following groups: (a) sham; (b) vehicle-treated myocardial infarction (MI) (MI-V); and (c) fenofibrate-treated myocardial infarction (MI-F). Treatment with fenofibrate significantly reduced triglycerides, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), insulin levels and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in MetS animals. MetS and MI increased Ang II concentration and AT1 expression, favored myocardial oxidative stress (high levels of malondialdehyde, overexpression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4), decreased total antioxidant capacity and diminished expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD)1, SOD2 and catalase) and inhibited expression of the insulin signaling cascade: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PkB, also known as Akt)/Glut-4/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In conclusion, fenofibrate treatment favors an antioxidant environment as a consequence of a reduction of the Ang II/AT1/NOX4 signaling pathway, reestablishing the cardiac insulin signaling pathway. This might optimize cardiac metabolism and improve the vasodilator function during myocardial ischemia.
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α stimulation by clofibrate favors an antioxidant and vasodilator environment in a stressed left ventricle. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:692-702. [PMID: 27110876 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial high blood pressure is a risk factor for target organ damage; the most susceptible organs are the arteries, brain, kidneys, and heart. The damage mechanisms include oxidative stress and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) overactivity. Therefore, our aim was to study whether clofibrate-induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) stimulation is able to prevent alterations in cardiac functioning derived from RAS overstimulation in the left ventricle of rats with hypertension secondary to aortic coarctation and to improve antioxidant defenses. METHODS Male Wistar rats were assigned to Control (Sham)- or aortic coarctation-surgery and further divided to receive (1 or 21 days) vehicle, clofibrate (100mg/kg), captopril (20mg/kg), or clofibrate+captopril. The left ventricle was obtained to measure: angiotensin II and -(1-7), AT1 and AT2 receptors, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-1 and -2, and MAS receptor; the activity and expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidated lipids; as well as ex vivo cardiac functioning. RESULTS Clofibrate decreased angiotensin II, AT1 receptor and ACE expression, and raised angiotensin-(1-7), AT2 receptor, ACE-2 expression, superoxide dismutase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase participation. These effects promoted lower coronary vascular resistance and improved mechanical work compared to aortic coarctated vehicle-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Clofibrate-induced PPAR-α stimulation changes the angiotensin II receptor profile, favors the ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/AT2 receptor axis decreasing the vasoconstrictor environment, activates the antioxidant defense, and facilitates endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity favoring vasodilation. This may represent a protection for the stressed heart.
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Ibarra-Lara MDLL, Sánchez-Aguilar M, Soria E, Torres-Narváez JC, Del Valle-Mondragón L, Cervantes-Pérez LG, Pérez-Severiano F, Ramírez-Ortega MDC, Pastelín-Hernández G, Oidor-Chan VH, Sánchez-Mendoza A. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in an experimental model of myocardial infarction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:634-42. [PMID: 27050838 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) has been associated with an inflammatory response and a rise in TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) promote a decreased expression of inflammatory molecules. We aimed to study whether PPAR stimulation by clofibrate decreases inflammation and reduces infarct size in rats with MI. Male Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups: control, MI + vehicle, and MI + clofibrate (100 mg/kg). Treatment was administered for 3 consecutive days, previous to 2 h of MI. MI induced an increase in protein expression, mRNA content, and enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Additionally, MI incited an increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and IL-6. MI also elevated the nuclear content of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and decreased IκB, both in myocyte nuclei and cytosol. Clofibrate treatment prevented MI-induced changes in iNOS, MMP-2 and MMP-9, ICAM-1, IL-6, NF-κB, and IκB. Infarct size was smaller in clofibrate-treated rats compared to MI-vehicle animals. In silico analysis exhibited 3 motifs shared by genes from renin-angiotensin system, PPARα, iNOS, MMP-2 and MMP-9, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, suggesting a cross regulation. In conclusion, PPARα-stimulation prevents overexpression of pro-inflammatory molecules and preserves viability in an experimental model of acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de la Luz Ibarra-Lara
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - María Sánchez-Aguilar
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - Elizabeth Soria
- b Department of Pathology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Torres-Narváez
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - Leonardo Del Valle-Mondragón
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - Luz Graciela Cervantes-Pérez
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - Francisca Pérez-Severiano
- c Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Del Carmen Ramírez-Ortega
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - Gustavo Pastelín-Hernández
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - Víctor Hugo Oidor-Chan
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México.,d Department of Pharmacobiology, Research and Advanced Studies Center of National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Mendoza
- a Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, México
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LaDisa JF, Bozdag S, Olson J, Ramchandran R, Kersten JR, Eddinger TJ. Gene Expression in Experimental Aortic Coarctation and Repair: Candidate Genes for Therapeutic Intervention? PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26207811 PMCID: PMC4514739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a constriction of the proximal descending thoracic aorta and is one of the most common congenital cardiovascular defects. Treatments for CoA improve life expectancy, but morbidity persists, particularly due to the development of chronic hypertension (HTN). Identifying the mechanisms of morbidity is difficult in humans due to confounding variables such as age at repair, follow-up duration, coarctation severity and concurrent anomalies. We previously developed an experimental model that replicates aortic pathology in humans with CoA without these confounding variables, and mimics correction at various times using dissolvable suture. Here we present the most comprehensive description of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to date from the pathology of CoA, which were obtained using this model. Aortic samples (n=4/group) from the ascending aorta that experiences elevated blood pressure (BP) from induction of CoA, and restoration of normal BP after its correction, were analyzed by gene expression microarray, and enriched genes were converted to human orthologues. 51 DEGs with >6 fold-change (FC) were used to determine enriched Gene Ontology terms, altered pathways, and association with National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headers (MeSH) IDs for HTN, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CoA. The results generated 18 pathways, 4 of which (cell cycle, immune system, hemostasis and metabolism) were shared with MeSH ID’s for HTN and CVD, and individual genes were associated with the CoA MeSH ID. A thorough literature search further uncovered association with contractile, cytoskeletal and regulatory proteins related to excitation-contraction coupling and metabolism that may explain the structural and functional changes observed in our experimental model, and ultimately help to unravel the mechanisms responsible for persistent morbidity after treatment for CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. LaDisa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Herma Heart Center, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Serdar Bozdag
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jessica Olson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin and the Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Judy R. Kersten
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Eddinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
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PPARα Stimulation Modulates Myocardial Ischemia-induced Activation of Renin–Angiotensin System. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 65:430-7. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Yousefipour Z, Newaz M. PPARα ligand clofibrate ameliorates blood pressure and vascular reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:476-82. [PMID: 24562305 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear transcription factors that regulate numerous genes influencing blood pressure. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of clofibrate, a PPARα ligand, on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), 8-9 weeks old, were randomly allocated into groups treated with vehicle or clofibrate (250 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip for 21 d). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured before and after the study period using tail-cuff plethysmography. Rats were sacrificed under anesthesia and blood, urine and tissue samples were processed for subsequent analysis. RESULTS SHR rats showed significantly higher SBP compared with WKY rats (198±6 mmHg vs 93±7 mmHg), and a 3-fold increase in urinary protein excretion. Clofibrate treatment reduced SBP by 26%±2% and proteinuria by 43%±9% in SHR but not in WKY rats. The urinary nitrite/nitrate excretion in SHR rats was nearly 2-fold greater than that in WKY, and was further increased by 30%±4% and 48%±3%, respectively, following clofibrate treatment. In addition, PPARα protein expression and PPARα activity were significantly lower in SHR than that in WKY rats. Clofibrate treatment significantly increased PPARα protein expression and PPARα activity in SHR rats, but not in WKY rats. Moreover, the vasoconstrictor response of aortic ring was markedly increased in SHRs, which was blunted after clofibrate treatment. CONCLUSION PPARα contributes to regulation of blood pressure and vascular reactivity in SHR, and clofibrate-mediated reduction in blood pressure and proteinuria is probably through increased NO production.
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Clofibrate PPARα activation reduces oxidative stress and improves ultrastructure and ventricular hemodynamics in no-flow myocardial ischemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 60:323-34. [PMID: 22691880 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31826216ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) play a critical physiological role in energy homeostasis, in inflammation, and a protective role in cardiovascular function. We assessed the antioxidant effect of clofibrate-induced Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) stimulation on ischemic myocardium on myocardial morphology and hemodynamics. Male Wistar rats (300 g) were distributed into the following groups: (1) Sham, (2) myocardial ischemia vehicle treated (MI-V), and (3) myocardial ischemia clofibrate [100 mg/kg/ intraperitoneally) treated (MI-C). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation increased in MI-V, whereas clofibrate prevented this effect. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1 and SOD-2 expression increased 4 times upon PPARα stimulation. SOD-1, SOD-2, and catalase activity also increased in response to clofibrate. eNOS mRNA and tetrahydrobiopterin increased in the MI-C group. Clofibrate was able to decrease Angiotensin II (AngII), AngII AT1-receptor, whereas Ang-(1-7) and AngII AT2-receptor expression increased. Assessment of myocardial morphology and cardiac function show that clofibrate improved histological features and hemodynamic parameters. Our results suggest that PPARα stimulation by clofibrate increases the antioxidant defense, leading to improved cardiac function.
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Kurtz M, Martínez N, Capobianco E, Higa R, Fornes D, White V, Jawerbaum A. Increased nitric oxide production and gender-dependent changes in PPARα expression and signaling in the fetal lung from diabetic rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 362:120-7. [PMID: 22687882 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fetal lung is affected by maternal diabetes. Nuclear receptor PPARα regulates nitric oxide (NO) overproduction in different tissues. We aimed to determine whether fetal lung PPARα expression is altered by maternal diabetes, and if there are gender-dependent changes in PPARα regulation of NO production in the fetal lung. Fetal lungs from control and diabetic rats were explanted on day 21 of gestation and evaluated for PPARα expression and NO production. Fetuses were injected with the PPARα ligand LTB(4) on days 19, 20 and 21, and the fetal lung explanted on day 21 to evaluate PPARα and the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS). Besides, pregnant rats were fed with olive oil- and safflower oil-supplemented diets, enriched in PPAR ligands, for evaluation of fetal lung NO production and PPARα expression. We found reduced PPARα concentrations only in the lung from male fetuses from the diabetic group when compared to controls, although maternal diabetes led to NO overproduction in both male and female fetal lungs. Fetal activation of PPARα led to changes in lung PPARα expression only in female fetuses, although this treatment increased iNOS expression in both male and female fetuses in the diabetic group. Diets supplemented with olive oil and not with safflower oil led to a reduction in NO production in male and female fetal lungs. In conclusion, there are gender-dependent changes in PPARα expression and signaling in the fetal lung from diabetic rats, although PPARα activation prevents maternal diabetes-induced lung NO overproduction in both male and female fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Kurtz
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121ABG) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cervantes-Pérez LG, Ibarra-Lara MDLL, Escalante B, Del Valle-Mondragón L, Vargas-Robles H, Pérez-Severiano F, Pastelín G, Sánchez-Mendoza MA. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase impairment is restored by clofibrate treatment in an animal model of hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 685:108-15. [PMID: 22542661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adequate production of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) requires eNOS coupling promoted by tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)). Under pathological conditions such as hypertension, BH(4) is diminished, avoiding eNOS coupling. When eNOS is "uncoupled", it yields a superoxide anion instead of NO. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (NR1C) are a family of nuclear receptors activated by ligand. Clofibrate, a member of a hypolipidemic class of drugs, acts by activating the alpha isoform of NR1C. To determine the participation of NR1C1 activation in BH(4) and dihydrobiopterin (BH(2)) metabolism and its implications on eNOS coupling in hypertension, we performed aortic coarctation (AoCo) at inter-renal level on male Wistar rats in order to have a hypertensive model. Rats were divided into the following groups: Sham+vehicle (Sham-V); AoCo+vehicle (AoCo-V); Sham+clofibrate (Sham-C), and AoCo+clofibrate (AoCo-C). Clofibrate (7 days) increased eNOS coupling in the AoCo-C group compared with AoCo-V. Clofibrate also recovered the BH(4):BH(2) ratio in control values and prevented the rise in superoxide anion production, lipoperoxidation, and reactive oxygen species production. In addition, clofibrate increased GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (GTPCH-1) protein expression, which is related with BH(4) recovered production. NR1C1 stimulation re-establishes eNOS coupling, apparently through recovering the BH(4):BH(2) equilibrium and diminishing oxidative stress. Both can contribute to high blood pressure attenuation in hypertension secondary to AoCo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Graciela Cervantes-Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 México, DF, Mexico
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Yang L, Agarwal P. Systematic drug repositioning based on clinical side-effects. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28025. [PMID: 22205936 PMCID: PMC3244383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning helps fully explore indications for marketed drugs and clinical candidates. Here we show that the clinical side-effects (SEs) provide a human phenotypic profile for the drug, and this profile can suggest additional disease indications. We extracted 3,175 SE-disease relationships by combining the SE-drug relationships from drug labels and the drug-disease relationships from PharmGKB. Many relationships provide explicit repositioning hypotheses, such as drugs causing hypoglycemia are potential candidates for diabetes. We built Naïve Bayes models to predict indications for 145 diseases using the SEs as features. The AUC was above 0.8 in 92% of these models. The method was extended to predict indications for clinical compounds, 36% of the models achieved AUC above 0.7. This suggests that closer attention should be paid to the SEs observed in trials not just to evaluate the harmful effects, but also to rationally explore the repositioning potential based on this “clinical phenotypic assay”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Yang
- Computational Biology, Quantitative Sciences, Medicines Discovery and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
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