1
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Apweiler M, Streyczek J, Saliba SW, Ditrich J, Muñoz E, Fiebich BL. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Effects of AM404 in IL-1β-Stimulated SK-N-SH Neuroblastoma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:789074. [PMID: 34867421 PMCID: PMC8635764 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.789074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging number of studies address the involvement of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases. Different cytokines and molecules, such as prostaglandin (PG) E2, are associated with neuroinflammatory processes. The active acetaminophen metabolite AM404 has been shown to prevent inflammation and neuroinflammation in primary microglia and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. However, its effects on pathophysiological conditions in the CNS and especially on neurons are still poorly understood. In this study, we therefore evaluated the effects of AM404 and acetaminophen on the arachidonic acid cascade and oxidative stress induced by interleukin (IL)-1β in human SK-N-SH neuronal cells. We observed that AM404 and acetaminophen significantly and concentration-dependent inhibited IL-1β-induced release of PGE2, independent of cyclooxygenases (COX)-1 and COX-2 enzymatic activity as well as COX-2 mRNA and protein levels in SK-N-SH-cells. The reduction of IL-1β-induced PGE2-release by AM404 and acetaminophen treatment might be mediated by the 8-iso-PGF2α pathway since IL-1β-induced synthesis of this free radical marker is dose-dependently reduced by both compounds, respectively. Therefore, understanding of the potential therapeutic properties of AM404 in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress might lead to future treatment options of different neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Apweiler
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jana Streyczek
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Soraya Wilke Saliba
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Bernd L Fiebich
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Winters BL, Vaughan CW. Mechanisms of endocannabinoid control of synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108736. [PMID: 34343612 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous cannabinoid transmitter system regulates synaptic transmission throughout the nervous system. Unlike conventional transmitters, specific stimuli induce synthesis of endocannabinoids (eCBs) in the postsynaptic neuron, and these travel backwards to modulate presynaptic inputs. In doing so, eCBs can induce short-term changes in synaptic strength and longer-term plasticity. While this eCB regulation is near ubiquitous, it displays major regional and synapse specific variations with different synapse specific forms of short-versus long-term plasticity throughout the brain. These differences are due to the plethora of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms which have been implicated in eCB signalling, the intricacies of which are only just being realised. In this review, we shall describe the current understanding and highlight new advances in this area, with a focus on the retrograde action of eCBs at CB1 receptors (CB1Rs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony Laura Winters
- Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, Australia.
| | - Christopher Walter Vaughan
- Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, Australia
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3
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Inhibitory effect of intrathecally administered AM404, an endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor, on neuropathic pain in a rat chronic constriction injury model. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:820-827. [PMID: 33783763 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocannabinoid system modulates a wide variety of pain conditions. Systemically administered AM404, an endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor, exerts antinociceptive effects via activation of the endocannabinoid system. However, the mechanism and site of AM404 action are not fully understood. Here, we explored the effect of AM404 on neuropathic pain at the site of the spinal cord. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. The effects of intrathecal administration of AM404 on mechanical and cold hyperalgesia were examined using the electronic von Frey test and cold plate test, respectively. Motor coordination was assessed using the rotarod test. To understand the mechanisms underlying the action of AM404, we tested the effects of pretreatment with the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor antagonist AM251, CB2 receptor antagonist AM630, and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) antagonist capsazepine. RESULTS AM404 attenuated mechanical and cold hyperalgesia with minimal effects on motor coordination. AM251 significantly inhibited the antihyperalgesic action of AM404, whereas capsazepine showed a potentiating effect. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that AM404 exerts antihyperalgesic effects primarily via CB1, but not CB2, receptor activation at the site of the spinal cord. TRPV1 receptors appear to play a pronociceptive role in CCI rats. The endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor may be a promising candidate treatment for neuropathic pain.
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Chiu YJ, Lin SA, Chen WL, Lin TH, Lin CH, Yao CF, Lin W, Wu YR, Chang KH, Lee-Chen GJ, Chen CM. Pathomechanism characterization and potential therapeutics identification for SCA3 targeting neuroinflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23619-23646. [PMID: 33196459 PMCID: PMC7762503 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ)-mediated spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are caused by mutant genes with expanded CAG repeats encoding polyQ tracts. The misfolding and aggregation of polyQ proteins result in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular toxicity. Inflammation is a common manifestation of oxidative stress and inflammatory process further reduces cellular antioxidant capacity. Increase of activated microglia in the pons of SCA type 3 (SCA3) patients suggests the involvement of neuroinflammation in the disease pathogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory potentials of indole compound NC009-1, 4-aminophenol-arachidonic acid derivative AM404, quinoline compound VB-037 and chalcone-coumarin derivative LM-031 using human HMC3 microglia and SCA3 ATXN3/Q75-GFP SH-SY5Y cells. The four tested compounds displayed anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing NO, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 production and CD68 expression of IFN-γ-activated HMC3 microglia. In retinoic acid-differentiated ATXN3/Q75-GFP SH-SY5Y cells inflamed with IFN-γ-primed HMC3 conditioned medium, treatment with the tested compounds mitigated the increased caspase 1 activity and lactate dehydrogenase release, reduced polyQ aggregation and ROS and/or promoted neurite outgrowth. Examination of IL-1β- and TNF-α-mediated signaling pathways revealed that the tested compounds decreased IκBα/P65, JNK/JUN and/or P38/STAT1 signaling. The study results suggest the potential of NC009-1, AM404, VB-037 and LM-031 in treating SCA3 and probable other polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jen Chiu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Shu-An Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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5
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Saliba SW, Bonifacino T, Serchov T, Bonanno G, de Oliveira ACP, Fiebich BL. Neuroprotective Effect of AM404 Against NMDA-Induced Hippocampal Excitotoxicity. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:566. [PMID: 31920563 PMCID: PMC6932953 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Different studies have demonstrated that inflammation and alterations in glutamate neurotransmission are two events contributing to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative or neurological disorders. There are evidences that N-arachidonoylphenolamine (AM404), a cannabinoid system modulator and paracetamol metabolite, modulates inflammation and exerts neuroprotective effects on Huntington's (HD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD), and ischemia. However, the effects of AM404 on the production of inflammatory mediators and excitotoxicity in brain tissue stimulated with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) are not elucidated. In this present study, we investigated the effects of AM404 on the production of inflammatory mediators and neuronal cell death induced by NMDA in organotypic hippocampal slices cultures (OHSC) using qPCR, western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, to comprehend the mechanism of excitotoxicity, we evaluated the effects of AM404 on glutamate release in hippocampal synaptosomes and the NMDA-induced calcium responses in acute hippocampal slices. Our results showed that AM404 led to a significant decrease in cell death induced by NMDA, through a mechanism possibly involving the reduction of glutamate release and the calcium ions responses. Furthermore, it decreased the expression of the interleukin (IL)-1β. This study provides new significant insights about the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection effects of AM404 on NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. To understand the effects of AM404 in these processes might contribute to the therapeutic potential of AM404 in diseases with involvement of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and might lead to a possible future treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Wilke Saliba
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tsvetan Serchov
- Laboratory of Stereotaxy and Interventional Neuroscience, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Bernd L Fiebich
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Nazıroğlu M, Taner AN, Balbay E, Çiğ B. Inhibitions of anandamide transport and FAAH synthesis decrease apoptosis and oxidative stress through inhibition of TRPV1 channel in an in vitro seizure model. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 453:143-155. [PMID: 30159798 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The expression level of TRPV1 is high in hippocampus which is a main epileptic area in the brain. In addition to the actions of capsaicin (CAP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), the TRPV1 channel is activated in neurons by endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide (AEA). In the current study, we investigated the role of inhibitors of TRPV1 (capsazepine, CPZ), AEA transport (AM404), and FAAH (URB597) on the modulation of Ca2+ entry, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in in vitro seizure-induced rat hippocampus and human glioblastoma (DBTRG) cell line. The seizure was induced in the hippocampal and DBTRG neurons using in vitro 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) to trigger a seizure-like activity model. CPZ and AM404 were fully effective in reversing 4-AP-induced intracellular free Ca2+ concentration of the hippocampus and TRPV1 current density of DBTRG. However, AEA and CAP did not activate TRPV1 in the URB597-treated neurons. Hence, we observed TRPV1 blocker effects of URB597 in the DBTRG neurons. In addition, the AM404 and CPZ treatments decreased intracellular ROS production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, apoptosis, caspases 3 and 9 values in the hippocampus. In conclusion, the results indicate that inhibition of AEA transport, FAAH synthesis, and TRPV1 activity can result in remarkable neuroprotective effects in the epileptic neurons. Possible molecular pathways of involvement of capsazepine (CPZ) and AM4040 in anandamide and capsaicin (CAP)-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and Ca2+ accumulation through TRPV1 channel in the seizure-induced rat hippocampus and human glioblastoma neurons. The TRPV1 channel is activated by different stimuli including reactive oxygen species (ROS), anandamide (AEA), and CAP and it is blocked by capsazepine (CPZ). Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is also activated by AEA. The AEA levels in cytosol are decreased by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme. Inhibition of FAAH through URB597 induces stimulation of CB1 receptor through accumulation AEA. URB597 acts antiepileptic effects through inhibition of TRPV1. Overloaded Ca2+ concentration of mitochondria can induce an apoptotic program by stimulating the release of apoptosis-promoting factors such as caspases 3 and caspase 9 by generating ROS due to respiratory chain damage. AM404 and CPZ reduce TRPV1 channel activation and Ca2+ entry in the in vitro 4-AP seizure model-induced hippocampal and glioblastoma neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey. .,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Afife Nur Taner
- Medicine Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Esra Balbay
- Medicine Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Bilal Çiğ
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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7
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Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprises a complex of receptors, enzymes, and endogenous agonists that are widely distributed in the central nervous system of mammals and participates in a considerable number of neuromodulatory functions, including neurotransmission, immunological control, and cell signaling. In turn, the kynurenine pathway (KP) is the most relevant metabolic route for tryptophan degradation to form the metabolic precursor NAD(+). Recent studies demonstrate that the control exerted by the pharmacological manipulation of the ECS on the glutamatergic system in the brain may offer key information not only on the development of psychiatric disorders like psychosis and schizophrenia-like symptoms, but it also may constitute a solid basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to combat excitotoxic events occurring in neurological disorders like Huntington's disease (HD). Part of the evidence pointing to the last approach is based on experimental protocols demonstrating the efficacy of cannabinoids to prevent the deleterious actions of the endogenous neurotoxin and KP metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN). These findings intuitively raise the question about what is the precise role of the ECS in tryptophan metabolism through KP and vice versa. In this chapter, we will review basic concepts on the physiology of both the ECS and the KP to finally describe those recent findings combining the components of these two systems and hypothesize the future course that the research in this emerging field will take in the next years.
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8
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Al Kury LT, Voitychuk OI, Yang KHS, Thayyullathil FT, Doroshenko P, Ramez AM, Shuba YM, Galadari S, Howarth FC, Oz M. Effects of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide on voltage-dependent sodium and calcium channels in rat ventricular myocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:3485-98. [PMID: 24758718 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The endocannabinoid anandamide (N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide; AEA) exerts negative inotropic and antiarrhythmic effects in ventricular myocytes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Whole-cell patch-clamp technique and radioligand-binding methods were used to analyse the effects of anandamide in rat ventricular myocytes. KEY RESULTS In the presence of 1-10 μM AEA, suppression of both Na(+) and L-type Ca(2+) channels was observed. Inhibition of Na(+) channels was voltage and Pertussis toxin (PTX) - independent. Radioligand-binding studies indicated that specific binding of [(3) H] batrachotoxin (BTX) to ventricular muscle membranes was also inhibited significantly by 10 μM metAEA, a non-metabolized AEA analogue, with a marked decrease in Bmax values but no change in Kd . Further studies on L-type Ca(2+) channels indicated that AEA potently inhibited these channels (IC50 0.1 μM) in a voltage- and PTX-independent manner. AEA inhibited maximal amplitudes without affecting the kinetics of Ba(2+) currents. MetAEA also inhibited Na(+) and L-type Ca(2+) currents. Radioligand studies indicated that specific binding of [(3) H]isradipine, was inhibited significantly by metAEA. (10 μM), changing Bmax but not Kd . CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Results indicate that AEA inhibited the function of voltage-dependent Na(+) and L-type Ca(2+) channels in rat ventricular myocytes, independent of CB1 and CB2 receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina T Al Kury
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
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9
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Tantimonaco M, Ceci R, Sabatini S, Catani MV, Rossi A, Gasperi V, Maccarrone M. Physical activity and the endocannabinoid system: an overview. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2681-98. [PMID: 24526057 PMCID: PMC11113821 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recognized as a "disease modifier", physical activity (PA) is increasingly viewed as a more holistic, cost-saving method for prevention, treatment and management of human disease conditions. The traditional view that PA engages the monoaminergic and endorphinergic systems has been challenged by the discovery of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), composed of endogenous lipids, their target receptors, and metabolic enzymes. Indeed, direct and indirect evidence suggests that the ECS might mediate some of the PA-triggered effects throughout the body. Moreover, it is now emerging that PA itself is able to modulate ECS in different ways. Against this background, in the present review we shall discuss evidence of the cross-talk between PA and the ECS, ranging from brain to peripheral districts and highlighting how ECS must be tightly regulated during PA, in order to maintain its beneficial effects on cognition, mood, and nociception, while avoiding impaired energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Tantimonaco
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Ceci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Gasperi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Center of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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10
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Al Kury LT, Yang KHS, Thayyullathil FT, Rajesh M, Ali RM, Shuba YM, Howarth FC, Galadari S, Oz M. Effects of endogenous cannabinoid anandamide on cardiac Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger. Cell Calcium 2014; 55:231-7. [PMID: 24674601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoid anandamide (N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide; AEA) has been shown to cause negative inotropic and antiarrhythmic effects in ventricular myocytes. In this study, using whole-cell patch clamp technique, we have investigated the effects of AEA on cardiac Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1)-mediated currents. AEA suppressed NCX1 with an IC50 value of 4.7 μM. Both inward and outward components of exchanger currents were suppressed by AEA equally. AEA inhibition was mimicked by the metabolically stable analogue, methanandamide (metAEA, 10 μM) while it was not influenced by inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase with 1 μM URB597 incubation. The effect of AEA, was not altered in the presence of cannabinoid receptor 1 and 2 antagonists AM251 (1 μM) and AM630 (1 μM), respectively. In addition, inhibition by AEA remained unchanged after pertussis toxin (PTX, 2 μg/ml) treatment or following the inclusion of GDP-β-S (1 mM) in pipette solution. Currents mediated by NCX1 expressed in HEK-293 cells were also inhibited by 10 μM AEA a partially reversible manner. Confocal microscopy images indicated that the intensity of YFP-NCX1 expression on cell surface was not altered by AEA. Collectively, the results indicate that AEA directly inhibits the function of NCX1 in rat ventricular myocytes and in HEK-293 cells expressing NCX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina T Al Kury
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Keun-Hang Susan Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Engineering, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Faisal T Thayyullathil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ramez M Ali
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yaroslav M Shuba
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and International Center of Molecular Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 24, Ukraine
| | - Frank Christopher Howarth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sehamuddin Galadari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Murat Oz
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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11
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Al Kury LT, Voitychuk OI, Ali RM, Galadari S, Yang KHS, Howarth FC, Shuba YM, Oz M. Effects of endogenous cannabinoid anandamide on excitation-contraction coupling in rat ventricular myocytes. Cell Calcium 2014; 55:104-18. [PMID: 24472666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A role for anandamide (N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide; AEA), a major endocannabinoid, in the cardiovascular system in various pathological conditions has been reported in earlier reports. In the present study, the effects of AEA on contractility, Ca2+ signaling, and action potential (AP) characteristics were investigated in rat ventricular myocytes. Video edge detection was used to measure myocyte shortening. Intracellular Ca2+ was measured in cells loaded with the fluorescent indicator fura-2 AM. AEA (1 μM) caused a significant decrease in the amplitudes of electrically evoked myocyte shortening and Ca2+ transients. However, the amplitudes of caffeine-evoked Ca2+ transients and the rate of recovery of electrically evoked Ca2+ transients following caffeine application were not altered. Biochemical studies in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles from rat ventricles indicated that AEA affected Ca2+ -uptake and Ca2+ -ATPase activity in a biphasic manner. [3H]-ryanodine binding and passive Ca2+ release from SR vesicles were not altered by 10 μM AEA. Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was employed to investigate the effect of AEA on the characteristics of APs. AEA (1 μM) significantly decreased the duration of AP. The effect of AEA on myocyte shortening and AP characteristics was not altered in the presence of pertussis toxin (PTX, 2 μg/ml for 4 h), AM251 and SR141716 (cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonists; 0.3 μM) or AM630 and SR 144528 (cannabinoid type 2 receptor antagonists; 0.3 μM). The results suggest that AEA depresses ventricular myocyte contractility by decreasing the action potential duration (APD) in a manner independent of CB1 and CB2 receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials/drug effects
- Animals
- Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology
- Caffeine/pharmacology
- Calcium/analysis
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Endocannabinoids/pharmacology
- Fura-2/chemistry
- Heart Ventricles/cytology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/physiology
- Pertussis Toxin/toxicity
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
- Transport Vesicles/drug effects
- Transport Vesicles/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina T Al Kury
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Oleg I Voitychuk
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and International Center of Molecular Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv-24, Ukraine
| | - Ramiz M Ali
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sehamuddin Galadari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Keun-Hang Susan Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Engineering, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Frank Christopher Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yaroslav M Shuba
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and International Center of Molecular Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv-24, Ukraine
| | - Murat Oz
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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12
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Heyman E, Gamelin FX, Aucouturier J, Di Marzo V. The role of the endocannabinoid system in skeletal muscle and metabolic adaptations to exercise: potential implications for the treatment of obesity. Obes Rev 2012; 13:1110-24. [PMID: 22943701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.01026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The results of recent studies add the endocannabinoid system, and more specifically CB1 receptor signalling, to the complex mechanisms that negatively modulate insulin sensitivity and substrate oxidation in skeletal muscle. CB1 receptors might become overactive in the skeletal muscle during obesity due to increased levels of endocannabinoids. However, quite surprisingly, one of the most studied endocannabinoids, anandamide, when administered in a sufficient dose, was shown to improve muscle glucose uptake and activate some key molecules of insulin signalling and mitochondrial biogenesis. This is probably because anandamide is only a partial agonist at CB1 receptors and interacts with other receptors (PPARγ, TRPV1), which may trigger positive metabolic effects. This putative beneficial role of anandamide is worth considering because increased plasma anandamide levels were recently reported after intense exercise. Whether the endocannabinoid system is involved in the positive exercise effects on mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose fatty acid oxidation remains to be confirmed. Noteworthy, when exercise becomes chronic, a decrease in CB1 receptor expression in obese metabolically deregulated tissues occurs. It is then tempting to hypothesize that physical activity would represent a complementary alternative approach for the clinical management of endocannabinoid system deregulation in obesity, without the side effects occurring with CB1 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Heyman
- Univ Lille Nord de France, EA4488 'Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé', Lille, France.
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13
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Voitychuk OI, Asmolkova VS, Gula NM, Sotkis GV, Galadari S, Howarth FC, Oz M, Shuba YM. Modulation of excitability, membrane currents and survival of cardiac myocytes by N-acylethanolamines. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:1167-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Chicca A, Marazzi J, Nicolussi S, Gertsch J. Evidence for bidirectional endocannabinoid transport across cell membranes. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:34660-82. [PMID: 22879589 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.373241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on the trafficking of anandamide (AEA) across cell membranes, little is known about the membrane transport of other endocannabinoids, such as 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Previous studies have provided data both in favor and against a cell membrane carrier-mediated transport of endocannabinoids, using different methodological approaches. Because AEA and 2-AG undergo rapid and almost complete intracellular hydrolysis, we employed a combination of radioligand assays and absolute quantification of cellular and extracellular endocannabinoid levels. In human U937 leukemia cells, 100 nm AEA and 1 μm 2-AG were taken up through a fast and saturable process, reaching a plateau after 5 min. Employing differential pharmacological blockage of endocannabinoid uptake, breakdown, and interaction with intracellular binding proteins, we show that eicosanoid endocannabinoids harboring an arachidonoyl chain compete for a common membrane target that regulates their transport, whereas other N-acylethanolamines did not interfere with AEA and 2-AG uptake. By combining fatty acid amide hydrolase or monoacyl glycerol lipase inhibitors with hydrolase-inactive concentrations of the AEA transport inhibitors UCM707 (1 μm) and OMDM-2 (5 μm), a functional synergism on cellular AEA and 2-AG uptake was observed. Intriguingly, structurally unrelated AEA uptake inhibitors also blocked the cellular release of AEA and 2-AG. We show, for the first time, that UCM707 and OMDM-2 inhibit the bidirectional movement of AEA and 2-AG across cell membranes. Our findings suggest that a putative endocannabinoid cell membrane transporter controls the cellular AEA and 2-AG trafficking and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Kaczocha M, Vivieca S, Sun J, Glaser ST, Deutsch DG. Fatty acid-binding proteins transport N-acylethanolamines to nuclear receptors and are targets of endocannabinoid transport inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:3415-24. [PMID: 22170058 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.304907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are bioactive lipids that engage diverse receptor systems. Recently, we identified fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) as intracellular NAE carriers. Here, we provide two new functions for FABPs in NAE signaling. We demonstrate that FABPs mediate the nuclear translocation of the NAE oleoylethanolamide, an agonist of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Antagonism of FABP function through chemical inhibition, dominant-negative approaches, or shRNA-mediated knockdown reduced PPARα activation, confirming a requisite role for FABPs in this process. In addition, we show that NAE analogs, traditionally employed as inhibitors of the putative endocannabinoid transmembrane transporter, target FABPs. Support for the existence of the putative membrane transporter stems primarily from pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid uptake by such transport inhibitors, which are widely employed in endocannabinoid research despite lacking a known cellular target(s). Our approach adapted FABP-mediated PPARα signaling and employed in vitro binding, arachidonoyl-[1-(14)C]ethanolamide ([(14)C]AEA) uptake, and FABP knockdown to demonstrate that transport inhibitors exert their effects through inhibition of FABPs, thereby providing a molecular rationale for the underlying physiological effects of these compounds. Identification of FABPs as targets of transport inhibitors undermines the central pharmacological support for the existence of an endocannabinoid transmembrane transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaczocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, USA.
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