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Aashima, Rathi M, Shilpi, Akash, Kaur K, Kriplani P, Guarve K. Chebulinic Acid: An Incipient Anticancer Agent. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:298-307. [PMID: 37605424 DOI: 10.2174/1574892819666230821110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terminalia chebula (T. chebula) comprising chebulinic acid as its principle active constituent is used to cure various diseases. T. chebula and chebulinic acid are used as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimutagenic, radioprotective, cardioprotective, antiproliferative, antiarthritic, anticaries, and so on. OBJECTIVE The objective of this current study is to give an overview of the recent literature and patents of T. chebula and chebulinic acid including methods of its isolation/extraction and their application in the prevention of various cancers and other diseases. METHODS Present research and patents highlighting the anti-cancer potential of T. chebula and chebulinic acid have been studied and discussed keeping in view the scientific novelty and impact. RESULTS Both T. chebula and chebulinic acid are currently being explored for their anticancer potential in vitro and in vivo. They are either incorporated alone or in combination with other plants or drugs to show their activity and many clinical trials are also going on various potentials of the plant and chebulinic acid. Novel extraction techniques are also explored and patented. Efforts are being made to improve the bioavailability by developing Novel herbal drug delivery systems of the plant extract or chebulinic acid itself. CONCLUSION Anti-cancer potential of T. chebula and chebulinic acid may be well established by promising clinical trials and may open new interventions in various tumors. Clinical trials in conjunction with standard therapies are required to explore and validate the actual potential of T. chebula and chebulinic acid respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, 135001, Haryana, India
| | - Mehak Rathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, 135001, Haryana, India
| | - Shilpi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, 135001, Haryana, India
| | - Akash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar 135001, Haryana, India
| | - Kamaljeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, 135001, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Kriplani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, 135001, Haryana, India
| | - Kumar Guarve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, 135001, Haryana, India
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Snega Priya P, Pratiksha Nandhini P, Arockiaraj J. A comprehensive review on environmental pollutants and osteoporosis: Insights into molecular pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117103. [PMID: 37689340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
A significant problem that has an impact on community wellbeing is environmental pollution. Environmental pollution due to air, water, or soil pollutants might pose a severe risk to global health, necessitating intense scientific effort. Osteoporosis is a common chronic condition with substantial clinical implications on mortality, morbidity, and quality of life. It is closely linked to bone fractures. Worldwide, osteoporosis affects around 200 million people, and every year, there are almost 9 million fractures. There is evidence that certain environmental factors may increase the risk of osteoporosis in addition to traditional risk factors. It is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms at play because there is a connection between osteoporosis and exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, air pollutants, endocrine disruptors, metal ions and trace elements. Hence, in this scoping review, we explore potential explanations for the link between pollutants and bone deterioration through deep insights into molecular pathways. Understanding and recognizing these pollutants as modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis would possibly help to enhance environmental policy thereby aiding in the improvement of bone health and improving patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Snega Priya
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulatur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Pratiksha Nandhini
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulatur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulatur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Mansoor F, Jabeen A, Shah SF, Simjee SU, Bano S, Faizi S. In-vitro inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by 3,6-dihydroxyflavone (3,6-DHF): a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:555-570. [PMID: 35951149 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex has an important role in immune system and its abnormal activation is associated with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and auto-immune diseases. The study reveals the anti-inflammatory effects of 3,6-dihydroxyflavone (3,6-DHF). Here, we aimed to determine the inhibitory effects of 3,6-DHF on NLRP3 inflammasome and its associated components, thereby determining the signaling pathways involved in the inhibition. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) were quantified by chemiluminescence and Griess methods, respectively. Inflammatory cell model was induced in human leukemic monocytes (THP-1). mRNA levels were estimated through real-time RT-PCR, protein expressions were evaluated by protein slot blot and immunocytochemistry, MTT and alamar blue assays were employed for toxicity studies. The compound 3,6-DHF was found to be the potent inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome by targeting the molecules involve in its activation pathway. Anti-inflammatory effects were revealed by inhibition of ROS and NO, reduction in the transcription of caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β and TLR-4 was observed along with the marked inhibition of NLRP3, IL-18, NF-κB and pNF-κB at translational level. 3,6-DHF was non-toxic on normal human fibroblast (BJ) and THP-1 cells and, could be a potential therapeutic agent in NLRP3 inflammasome driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Mansoor
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Syeda Farah Shah
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shabana U Simjee
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Samina Bano
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Vadukoot AK, Mottemmal S, Vekaria PH. Curcumin as a Potential Therapeutic Agent in Certain Cancer Types. Cureus 2022; 14:e22825. [PMID: 35399416 PMCID: PMC8980239 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease condition and is the second most common etiology of death globally. After decades of research in the field of hematological malignancies and cellular therapeutics, we are still looking for therapeutic agents with the most efficacies and least toxicities. Curcumin is one of the cancer therapeutic agents that is derived from the Curcuma longa (turmeric) plant, and still in vitro and in vivo research is going on to find its beneficial effects on various cancers. Due to its potency to affect multiple targets of different cellular pathways, it is considered a promising agent to tackle various cancers alone or in combination with the existing chemotherapies. This review covers basic properties, mechanism of action, potential targets (molecules and cell-signaling pathways) of curcumin, as well as its effect on various solid and hematological malignancies.
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Ames BN. Musings in the twilight of my career. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:219-225. [PMID: 34863877 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
I present a summary of my research during the last few decades of research which focused on understanding the biochemical basis for maintaining an optimum metabolism to support long-term health. I realized that adequate levels of ∼40 vitamins and minerals needed as cofactors in thousands of metabolic reactions were critical for maintaining a healthy metabolism, and thus for longevity and prevention of chronic disease. Inadequate dietary intake of vitamins and minerals accelerates the risk of aging-associated diseases, leading to insidious damage. The Triage Theory provides a mechanistic rationale for such damage: shortage of a nutrient triggers a built-in rationing mechanism that allocates the scarce nutrient to proteins needed for immediate survival (survival proteins), at the expense of those needed for long-term survival (longevity proteins). Many as-yet-unknown longevity vitamins and proteins likely remain to be discovered. The fiber and nutrient-rich CHORI-bar was developed to fill gaps in inadequate diets; it yielded broadscale metabolic improvements. The health-related damages resulting from vitamin D deficiency and the positive effects of vitamin D supplementation were connected to numerous health-related problems, including the higher level of deficiency in people of color residing at northern latitudes. In general, prevention of degenerative diseases of aging requires expertise in metabolism, nutrition, biochemistry and regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce N Ames
- Emeritus, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
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Apoptotic mechanisms of myricitrin isolated from Madhuca longifolia leaves in HL-60 leukemia cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5327-5334. [PMID: 34156605 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Myricitrin, a naturally occurring flavonoid in Madhuca longifolia, possesses several medicinal properties. Even though our earlier work revealed its role against the proliferation of acute myelogenous leukemia cells (HL-60), its molecular mechanisms have not yet been revealed. The current study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms of myricitrin (isolated from an ethnomedicinal drug Madhuca longifolia) to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Treatment with IC-50 dose of myricitrin (353 µM) caused cellular shrinkage and cell wall damage in HL-60 cells compared to untreated control cells. Myricitrin treatment reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (22.95%), increased DNA fragmentation (90.4%), inhibited the cell survival proteins (RAS, B-RAF, & BCL-2) and also induced pro-apoptotic proteins (p38, pro-caspase-3, pro-caspase-9 and caspase-3) in the HL-60 cells. The present study provides scientific evidence for the apoptosis caused by myricitrin in HL-60 leukemia cells. Hence, the phytochemical myricitrin could be considered as a potential candidate to develop an anticancer drug after checking its efficacy through suitable pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Sarkar MK, Kar A, Jayaraman A, Kar Mahapatra S, Vadivel V. Vitexin isolated from Prosopis cineraria leaves induce apoptosis in K-562 leukemia cells via inhibition of the BCR-ABL-Ras-Raf pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:103-111. [PMID: 34109977 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Leukemia is one of the severe cancer types all around the globe. Even though some chemotherapeutic drugs are available for treating leukemia, they have various side effects. As an alternative approach, herbal drugs are focused on current research to overcome leukemia. The present work was conducted to investigate the antileukemic mechanism of active phytochemical vitexin, which was isolated from ethno-medicine (Prosopis cineraria leaf) used by traditional healers of West Bengal, India. METHODS Antiproliferative mechanisms of selected phyto-compound against K-562 cells were evaluated using cellular uptake, morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential and signaling pathways analysis. KEY FINDINGS Vitexin exhibited cytotoxicity by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential (32.40%) and causing DNA fragmentation (84.15%). The western blotting study indicated inhibition of cell survival proteins (BCR, ABL, H-RAS, N-RAS, K-RAS and RAF) and expression of apoptotic proteins (p38, BAX and caspase-9) in leukemia cells upon treatment with vitexin. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, presently investigated phyto-compound vitexin could be considered for developing safe and natural drugs to treat leukemia after conducting suitable preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monaj Kumar Sarkar
- Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Amrita Kar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Immunology Lab (ASK-II-406), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Adithyan Jayaraman
- Medicinal Chemistry and Immunology Lab (ASK-II-406), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Santanu Kar Mahapatra
- Medicinal Chemistry and Immunology Lab (ASK-II-406), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Vellingiri Vadivel
- Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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Jin H, Kim HS, Yu ST, Shin SR, Lee SH, Seo GS. Synergistic anticancer effect of docosahexaenoic acid and isoliquiritigenin on human colorectal cancer cells through ROS-mediated regulation of the JNK and cytochrome c release. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1171-1180. [PMID: 33502699 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A large body of research has demonstrated a synergistic anticancer effect between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and standard chemotherapy regimens against colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated the chemotherapeutic potential of cotreatment with DHA and isoliquiritigenin (ISL) against CRC HCT-116 cells. Apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin V/PI staining and expression of apoptosis-associated proteins. The synergistic effect of DHA and ISL combination on apoptosis was detected using combination index approaches. Flow cytometry was carried out using fluorescent probes to measure the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). DHA and ISL in combination synergistically enhanced the decrease in cell viability versus the compounds used alone. Moreover, we demonstrated that the synergistic anti-CRC activity of cotreatment with these two compounds was achieved by inducing the apoptosis caspase-dependently mediated through augmented ROS generation followed by increased Fas ligand mRNA expression and cytochrome c release. Our data also demonstrated that cotreating with DHA and ISL strongly upregulated the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, which are functionally associated with ROS induced by the two compounds in combination. Interestingly, further study revealed that inhibiting ERK phosphorylation strongly enhanced Fas ligand mRNA expression and the combination of the two compounds induced stronger cytotoxicity, whereas inhibiting JNK phosphorylation significantly reduced the apoptotic signals mediated by cotreatment with these two compounds. Excessive ROS-induced JNK activation and cytochrome c release from mitochondria played a key role in the synergistic anticancer activity of CRC cells by cotreating with DHA and ISL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sung Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Taek Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Ron Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geom Seog Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
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Wang J, Li A, Zhang L, Veeraraghavan V, Mohan S. Dieckol attenuates cell proliferation in Molt-4 leukemia cells via modulation of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Zhang H, Wei M, Lu X, Sun Q, Wang C, Zhang J, Fan H. Aluminum trichloride caused hippocampal neural cells death and subsequent depression-like behavior in rats via the activation of IL-1β/JNK signaling pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136942. [PMID: 32007895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is an inorganic pollutant that induces nerve cells apoptosis and necroptosis, thereby causing depression and neurodegenerative diseases. IL-1β/JNK signaling pathway can regulate apoptosis and necroptosis. However, it remains unclear whether IL-1β/JNK signaling pathway is involving in the regulation of Al-induced hippocampal neural cells apoptosis and necroptosis. To investigate the mechanism of Al on neural cells apoptosis and necroptosis, rats were orally exposed to different doses of AlCl3 for 90 days. The open-field test results showed that AlCl3 caused depressive behavior in rats. Histopathological evidence showed that AlCl3 induced hippocampal neural cells apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression ratio, caspase-3 activity and mRNA expression and TUNEL positive rates were upregulated, meanwhile, TNF-α mRNA and protein expression levels, TNFR1, RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL proteins levels were increased, while caspase-8 protein level was decreased in the hippocampus of Al-exposed groups. These results proved that AlCl3 induced hippocampal neural cells apoptosis and necroptosis. Combined with histopathology and correlation analysis, we deduced that hippocampal neural cells were more likely to undergo necroptosis at high doses (450 mg/kg) of AlCl3, while <150 mg/kg AlCl3 tended to induce apoptosis. Finally, AlCl3 increased the proteins level of IL-1β, IL-1RI, IL-1RAcP, JNK and p-JNK, indicating that AlCl3 activated IL-1β/JNK signaling pathway. However, the application of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK and the related genes expression of apoptosis and necroptosis caused by AlCl3. Thus, we concluded that AlCl3 induced hippocampal neural cells death and depression-like behavior in rats by activating IL-1β/JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Mian Wei
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Lu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Qinghong Sun
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Chuqiao Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jiuyan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Honggang Fan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Lan J, Zhong Z, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Ye Q. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces liver cells apoptosis after brain death by suppressing the phosphorylation of protein phosphatase 2A. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:567-574. [PMID: 31974600 PMCID: PMC6947944 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether brain death (BD) induces the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and reveal the possible association with BD-induced liver cell apoptosis. A total of 30 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: Sham-operated group (S), BD group and 4-phenylbutyric acid group (BD + 4-PBA), with 10 rats in each group. All rats were anesthetized. The model of BD was established by inflating a balloon catheter that was placed into the extradural space after anesthesia. 4-PBA was administered via an intraperitoneal injection when the BD model was established. Anesthesia of the S group of rats was maintained for 6 h. Liver tissues were harvested after 6 h of BD. HE staining was used to evaluate the damage of liver. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nick-end labeling staining was used to observe the apoptosis of liver cells. Activation of ERS and PP2A was examined by western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. We reported that the apoptosis of liver cells after BD was significantly promoted than in the S group. Activation of ERS and PP2A was induced in the BD group when compared with S group. Phosphorylation of PP2A was suppressed in BD group. Application of 4-PBA decreased the activation of ERS and apoptosis rate compared with the BD group. In addition, activation of PP2A in the BD + 4-PBA group was decreased due to the reduction of PP2A phosphorylation compared with the BD group, but the levels were higher than in the S group. (P<0.05). In summary, our results indicated that BD induced ERS, then activated PP2A by suppressing the phosphorylation of PP2A, resulting in the apoptosis of liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia'nan Lan
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zibiao Zhong
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qifa Ye
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Yu X, Liu Q, Wang X, Liu H, Wang Y. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone ameliorates high-glucose induced diabetic apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells by activating TrkB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:922-927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Chhabra S, Mishra T, Kumar Y, Thacker G, Kanojiya S, Chattopadhyay N, Narender T, Trivedi AK. Chebulinic Acid Isolated From the Fruits of Terminalia chebula
Specifically Induces Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1849-1857. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Chhabra
- Biochemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI); Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Tripti Mishra
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI); Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Biochemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI); Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Gatha Thacker
- Biochemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI); Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI); CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI); Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI); Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- Biochemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI); Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension Lucknow 226031 India
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14
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Chhabra S, Mishra T, Kumar Y, Thacker G, Kanojiya S, Chattopadhyay N, Narender T, Trivedi AK. Chebulinic Acid Isolated From the Fruits of Terminalia chebula
Specifically Induces Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Phytother Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5927 pmid: 28921713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Chhabra
- Biochemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI); Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Tripti Mishra
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI); Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Biochemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI); Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Gatha Thacker
- Biochemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI); Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI); CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI); Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI); Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- Biochemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI); Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension Lucknow 226031 India
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Sak K, Everaus H. Established Human Cell Lines as Models to Study Anti-leukemic Effects of Flavonoids. Curr Genomics 2016; 18:3-26. [PMID: 28503087 PMCID: PMC5321770 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803165447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive work on pathological mechanisms and some recent advances in the treatment of different hematological malignancies, leukemia continues to present a significant challenge being frequently considered as incurable disease. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic agents with high efficacy and low toxicity is urgently needed to improve the overall survival rate of patients. In this comprehensive review article, the current knowledge about the anticancer activities of flavonoids as plant secondary polyphenolic metabolites in the most commonly used human established leukemia cell lines (HL-60, NB4, KG1a, U937, THP-1, K562, Jurkat, CCRF- CEM, MOLT-3, and MOLT-4) is compiled, revealing clear anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, cell cycle arresting, and differentiation inducing effects for certain compounds. Considering the low toxicity of these substances in normal blood cells, the presented data show a great potential of flavonoids to be developed into novel anti-leukemia agents applicable also in the malignant cells resistant to the current conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hele Everaus
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Sati J, Mohanty BP, Garg ML, Koul A. Pro-Oxidant Role of Silibinin in DMBA/TPA Induced Skin Cancer: 1H NMR Metabolomic and Biochemical Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158955. [PMID: 27414401 PMCID: PMC4944989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Silibinin, a major bioactive flavonolignan in Silybum marianum, has received considerable attention in view of its anticarcinogenic activity. The present study examines its anticancer potential against 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced skin cancer. Male LACA mice were randomly segregated into 4 groups: Control, DMBA/TPA, Silibinin and Silibinin+DMBA/TPA. Tumors in DMBA/TPA and Silibinin+DMBA/TPA groups were histologically graded as squamous cell carcinoma. In the Silibinin+DMBA/TPA group, significant reduction in tumor incidence (23%), tumor volume (64.4%), and tumor burden (84.8%) was observed when compared to the DMBA/TPA group. The underlying protective mechanism of Silibinin action was studied at pre-initiation (2 weeks), post-initiation (10 weeks) and promotion (22 weeks) stages of the skin carcinogenesis. The antioxidant nature of Silibinin was evident at the end of 2 weeks of its treatment. However, towards the end of 10 and 22 weeks, elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels indicate the pro-oxidative nature of Silibinin in the cancerous tissue. TUNEL assay revealed enhanced apoptosis in the Silibinin+DMBA/TPA group with respect to the DMBA/TPA group. Therefore, it may be suggested that raised LPO could be responsible for triggering apoptosis in the Silibinin+DMBA/TPA group. 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to determine the metabolic profile of the skin /skin tumors. Dimethylamine (DMA), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), glucose, lactic acid, taurine and guanine were identified as the major contributors for separation between the groups from the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the metabolite data. Enhanced DMA levels with no alteration in GPC, glucose and lactate levels reflect altered choline metabolism with no marked Warburg effect in skin tumors. However, elevated guanine levels with potent suppression of taurine and glucose levels in the Silibinin+DMBA/TPA group are suggestive of the pro-oxidative nature of Silibinin in regressing tumors. Thus, supporting the theory of augmented LPO levels resulting in increased apoptosis in the skin tumors treated with Silibinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Sati
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Biraja Prasad Mohanty
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mohan Lal Garg
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ashwani Koul
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
- * E-mail:
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Bouchet S, Dauzonne D, Bauvois B, Piedfer M, Susin S. In vitro activity of some flavonoid derivatives on human leukemic myeloid cells: evidence for aminopeptidase-N (CD13) inhibition, antiproliferative and cell death properties. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.3.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Cytotoxic activity of 3,6-dihydroxyflavone in human cervical cancer cells and its therapeutic effect on c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibition. Molecules 2014; 19:13200-11. [PMID: 25165860 PMCID: PMC6271811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we have shown that 3,6-dihydroxyflavone (3,6-DHF) is a potent agonist of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (hPPAR) with cytotoxic effects on human cervical cancer cells. To date, the mechanisms by which 3,6-DHF exerts its antitumor effects on cervical cells have not been clearly defined. Here, we demonstrated that 3,6-DHF exhibits a novel antitumor activity against HeLa cells with IC50 values of 25 μM and 9.8 μM after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. We also showed that the anticancer effects of 3,6-DHF are mediated via the toll-like receptor (TLR) 4/CD14, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Jun-N terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular-signaling regulated kinase (ERK), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. We found that 3,6-DHF showed a similar IC50 (113 nM) value to that of the JNK inhibitor, SP600125 (IC50 = 118 nM) in a JNK1 kinase assay. Binding studies revealed that 3,6-DHF had a strong binding affinity to JNK1 (1.996 × 105 M-1) and that the 6-OH and the carbonyl oxygen of the C ring of 3,6-DHF participated in hydrogen bonding interactions with the carbonyl oxygen and the amide proton of Met111, respectively. Therefore, 3,6-DHF may be a candidate inhibitor of JNKs, with potent anticancer effects.
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Wu Z, Sun H, Li J, Ma C, Zhao S, Guo Z, Lin Y, Lin Y, Liu L. A polysaccharide from Sanguisorbae radix induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:615-20. [PMID: 25036608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One polysaccharide (SRP) was purified from Sanguisorbae radix by DEAE-cellulose-52 anion-exchange and Sephacryl S-400 gel filtration chromatography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of SRP on human leukemia HL-60 cells in vitro and unveil the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that SRP was able to suppress the proliferation of HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner by the mechanism involved in the induction of apoptosis. The increase in SRP-induced apoptosis was correlated with a rapid and sustained loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and a release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Furthermore, Western blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that the protein and mRNA levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 were downregulated, whereas those of pro-apoptotic Bax were upregulated. Besides, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were activated, while caspase-8 was intact. Additionally, the apoptotic cells by SRP were significantly inhibited by a caspase-3 inhibitor (z-DEVD-fmk) or a caspase-9 inhibitor (Z-LETD-FMK), demonstrating the important role of caspase-9 and -3 in the process. Taken together, these findings provided evidence that SRP induced the apoptosis of HL-60 cells through an intrinsic mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway and SRP may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Honghui Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jingzhong Li
- Department of Oncology, Center Hospital of Shengli Oilfield, Dongying 257034, China
| | - Chijiao Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Siqiao Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yao Lin
- The Second Department of Surgery, No. 518 Hospital of the PLA, Xi'an 710043, China
| | - Yaping Lin
- The Second Department of Surgery, No. 518 Hospital of the PLA, Xi'an 710043, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Haematology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
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Choi EA, Park C, Han MH, Lee JH, Kim GY, Choi BT, Choi YH. Induction of apoptosis by sarijang, a bamboo salt sauce, in U937 human leukemia cells through the activation of caspases. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:381-387. [PMID: 24137193 PMCID: PMC3786941 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarijang is a bamboo salt soy sauce, containing extracts of Rhynchosia nulubilis, sulfur-fed duck, dried bark of Ulmus davidiana and Allium sativum, which has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of sarijang have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the pro-apoptotic effects of sarijang in an in vitro U937 human leukemia cell model. Treatment with sarijang resulted in a concentration-dependent growth inhibition of the cells, coupled with the characteristic morphological features of apoptosis. The induction of the apoptotic cell death of the U937 cells by sarijang exhibited a correlation with the upregulation of death receptor 4 (DR4), the downregulation of members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, including survivin and cellular IAP (cIAP)-1, and the cleavage of Bid. Apoptosis-inducing concentrations of sarijang also induced the activation of caspases (caspase-3, -8 and -9), accompanied by proteolytic degradation of poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase, β-catenin and phospholipase C-γ1. However, the apoptosis induced by sarijang was significantly inhibited by z-VED-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, which demonstrated the importance of caspases in the process. These results suggested that sarijang may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for use in the control of U937 human leukemia cells. Further studies are required to identify the active compounds in sarijang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-A Choi
- Insan Bamboo Salt Inc. and Insan Oriental Medical Clinic, Hamyang, Gyeongsangnam-do 676-805
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Tekpli X, Holme JA, Sergent O, Lagadic-Gossmann D. Role for membrane remodeling in cell death: Implication for health and disease. Toxicology 2013; 304:141-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zou R, Yang L, Xue J, Ke M, Huang Q, Huang Q, Dai Z, Sun J, Xu Y. WITHDRAWN: RIP140 mediates hyperglycemia-induced glucotoxicity in β-cells via the activation of JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013:S0168-8227(12)00506-2. [PMID: 23290273 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmei Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Junli Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Min Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Zhe Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jiazhong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yancheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
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Li X, Han Y, Guan Y, Zhang L, Bai C, Li Y. Aluminum induces osteoblast apoptosis through the oxidative stress-mediated JNK signaling pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:502-8. [PMID: 23065425 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is considered to be a potentially toxic metal. Al exposure inhibits bone formation. Few studies have investigated the mechanism of inhibitory effects of Al on bone formation. Thus, in this study, osteoblasts were cultured and exposed to different concentrations of Al to investigate the mechanism behind the inhibitory effects of Al on bone formation. Al-treated osteoblasts showed signs of oxidative stress and a high apoptosis rate. The levels of osteoblasts activity markers (bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein and bone alkaline phosphatase) were significantly lower in the Al-treated groups than in the control group. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a major signaling pathway in regulating cell apoptosis, was activated. The phosphorylation state of JNK was significantly increased. The mRNA and protein expression of c-Jun were both significantly upregulated. The pro-apoptotic genes (caspase 3, caspase 9, bax, and factor-related apoptosis ligand) were significantly increased. However, Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic gene, was significantly decreased. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that Al induces osteoblast apoptosis by activating the oxidative stress-mediated JNK pathway, which causes cell injuries and reduces the number and function of osteoblasts, thereby inhibiting bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
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SHIN DONGYEOK, PARK YOUSOO, YANG KWANGMO, KIM GIYOUNG, KIM WUNJAE, HAN MINHO, KANG HOSUNG, CHOI YUNGHYUN. Decitabine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells through intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:910-8. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Hui C, Yujie F, Lijia Y, Long Y, Hongxia X, Yong Z, Jundong Z, Qianyong Z, Mantian M. MicroRNA-34a and microRNA-21 play roles in the chemopreventive effects of 3,6-dihydroxyflavone on 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea-induced breast carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R80. [PMID: 22616882 PMCID: PMC3446343 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction miRNAs are very important regulators in biological processes such as development, cellular differentiation, and carcinogenesis. Given the important role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and development, it is worth investigating whether some miRNAs play roles in the anticancer mechanism of flavonoids. However, such a role has not yet been reported. We previously selected the promising anticancer agent 3,6-dihydroxyflavone (3,6-DHF) in pharmacodynamic experiments, which may serve as a leading compound for developing more potent anticancer drugs or chemopreventive supplements. The present study aims to investigate the chemopreventive activities of 3,6-DHF against mammary carcinogenesis. Methods The experimental model of breast carcinogenesis was developed by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU). The bioavailability of 3,6-DHF in rats was detected by HPLC. The expression of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and microRNA-21 (miR-21) was evaluated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential was assayed using 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide dye by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The level of cytochrome C in cytosol was evaluated by western blotting. Results Our study showed that oral administration of 3,6-DHF effectively suppressed MNU-induced breast carcinogenesis in rats, decreasing the cancer incidence by 35.7%. The detection of bioavailability indicated that the concentration of 3,6-DHF was 2.5 ± 0.4 μg/ml in plasma of rats within 2 hours after administration, and was 21.7 ± 3.8 μg/ml in urine within 24 hours. Oral administration of 3,6-DHF to BALB/c nude mice bearing breast cancer cell xenografts also significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, our study revealed that the global upregulation of miR-21 and downregulation of miR-34a in breast carcinogenesis could be reversed by 3,6-DHF, which significantly upregulated miR-34a expression and decreased miR-21 expression - inducing apoptosis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of miR-34a induced by plasmid transfection or inhibition of miR-21 by oligonucleotides markedly promoted the pro-apoptotic effect of 3,6-DHF. Inactivation of miR-34a or overproduction of miR-21 compromised the anticancer effects of 3,6-DHF. Conclusion These findings indicate that 3,6-DHF is a potent natural chemopreventive agent, and that miR-34a and miR-21 play roles in MNU-induced breast carcinogenesis and the anticancer mechanism of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
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Allensworth JL, Aird KM, Aldrich AJ, Batinic-Haberle I, Devi GR. XIAP inhibition and generation of reactive oxygen species enhances TRAIL sensitivity in inflammatory breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:1518-27. [PMID: 22508521 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified superoxide dismutase (SOD) overexpression and decreased induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis in models of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) cells with acquired therapeutic resistance. This population of cells has high expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), which inhibits both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. We therefore wanted to evaluate the effect of classical apoptosis-inducing agent TRAIL, a proapoptotic receptor agonist that selectively triggers death receptor (DR)-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells, in the IBC acquired resistance model. XIAP levels and subsequent inhibition of caspase activity inversely correlated with TRAIL sensitivity in our models of IBC. These include SUM149, a basal-type cell line isolated from primary IBC tumors and isogenic SUM149-derived lines rSUM149 and SUM149 wtXIAP, models of acquired therapeutic resistance with endogenous and exogenous XIAP overexpression, respectively. Inhibition of XIAP function using embelin, a plant-derived cell permeable small molecule, in combination with TRAIL caused a synergistic decrease in cell viability. Embelin treatment resulted in activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and ROS accumulation, which correlated with downregulation of antioxidant protein SOD1 and consumption of redox modulator reduced glutathione in the XIAP-overexpressing cells. Simultaneous treatment with an SOD mimic, which protects against ROS accumulation, reversed the decrease in cell viability caused by embelin + TRAIL treatment. Embelin primes IBC cells for TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by its direct action on the anti-caspase activity of XIAP and by shifting the cellular redox balance toward oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. Thus, ROS modulators represent a novel approach to enhance efficacy of TRAIL-based treatment protocols in IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Allensworth
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Yang CW, Chang CL, Lee HC, Chi CW, Pan JP, Yang WC. Curcumin induces the apoptosis of human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells via the activation of JNK/ERK pathways. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:22. [PMID: 22443687 PMCID: PMC3342909 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin is a principal compound of turmeric, commonly used to treat tumors and other diseases. However, its anti-cancer activity in human acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells is not clear. This study aimed to study the anti-cancer effect and action of curcumin on THP-1 cells. METHODS THP-1 parental cells and PMA-treated THP-1 cells, were used as in vitro models to evaluate the anti-cancer effect and mechanism of curcumin. Apoptosis and its mechanism were evaluated by WST-1, flow cytometry and Western blotting. MAPK inhibitors were used to further confirm the molecular mechanism of curcumin-induced THP-1 cell apoptosis. RESULTS Curcumin induced cell apoptosis of THP-1 cells as shown by cell viability, cell cycle analysis and caspase activity. Curcumin significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and their downstream molecules (c-Jun and Jun B). Inhibitor of JNK and ERK reduced the pro-apoptotic effect of curcumin on THP-1 cells as evidenced by caspase activity and the activation of ERK/JNK/Jun cascades. On the contrary, the pro-apoptotic effect of curcumin was abolished in the differentiated THP-1 cells mediated by PMA. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that curcumin can induce the THP-1 cell apoptosis through the activation of JNK/ERK/AP1 pathways. Besides, our data suggest its novel use as an anti-tumor agent in acute monocytic leukemia.
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Wang JH, Zhou YJ, Zhang M, Kan L, He P. Active lipids of Ganoderma lucidum spores-induced apoptosis in human leukemia THP-1 cells via MAPK and PI3K pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:582-589. [PMID: 22172327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) is traditionally drug, which has been traditionally effective used in the treatment of chronic hepatopathy, hypertension, hyperglycemia and cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS THP-1 and HL-60 apoptosis induced by active lipids of Ganoderma lucidum spores was quantified by flow cytometry using FITC-conjugated annexin V and PI; MAPK and Akt were measured by Western blot, and caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities were also detected by spectrophotometric assay. RESULTS Our results showed that active lipids of Ganoderma lucidum spores decreased phosphorylation-ERK1/2 (P-ERK1/2), P-Akt and increased P-JNK1/2, but did not affect expressions of P-p38 MAPK in THP-1 cells. Moreover, treatment of THP-1 cells with active lipids of Ganoderma lucidum spores resulted in activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9. Furthermore, LY294002 (Akt inhibitor) or PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) significantly enhanced active lipids of Ganoderma lucidum spores-induced apoptosis in THP-1 cells, whereas caspase inhibitors or SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), decreased apoptosis in THP-1 cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study for the first time suggests that active lipids of Ganoderma lucidum spores is able to enhance apoptosis in THP-1 cells, at least in part, through inhibition of ERK1/2, Akt and activation of JNK1/2 signaling pathways. Moreover, it also triggers caspase-3, -8 and -9 activation mediated apoptotic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-He Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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