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Amir M, Yimer N, Hiew M, Yusoff SM, Hussen B, Quddus A. Effect of indomethacin on embryo implantation and histomorphology of uterus, ovary, kidney, and liver of rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103837. [PMID: 37964780 PMCID: PMC10641546 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the effects of Indomethacin (IMC) treatment on embryo implantation and histomorphology of uterus, ovary, and other vital organs and its effective dosage in establishing embryo implantation dysfunction model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Materials and Methods The experiments were performed on 24 (6 × 4 groups) adult female SD rats aged 12 weeks old. G1 was the control group and received a normal diet with normal saline. However, on pregnancy days 3 (Pd3) and 4 (Pd4), G2, G3, and G4 were given normal saline and subcutaneously administered IMC twice daily at different doses of 4.33, 4.66 and 5.00 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The rats were euthanized on day 8 of pregnancy (Pd8). The uterus was excised and examined for signs of pregnancy, followed by tissue samples from liver, kidney, and ovary (for histomorphological examination using haematoxylin and eosin stain). Results All IMC treatment doses disrupted the implantation process and caused a significant reduction in embryo development. Analysis for histopathological changes revealed that IMC doses above 4.33 mg/kg body weight caused more adverse reproductive health effects in rats. Vasoconstriction and micro vascularization were detected in the liver, while degenerative Bowman's capsules and inflammatory cells were observed in kidney sections from IMC-treated rats. Conclusion IMC therapy interfered with implantation and embryo development in rats, resulting in significant uterine vasoconstriction and atrophy, 4.33 mg/kg bwt dose appeared to be optimum to establish embryo implantation dysfunction in SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Amir
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Ziauddin University, 75600 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nurhusien Yimer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, 60115 Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mark Hiew
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sabri Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bedru Hussen
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Sandy Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Abdul Quddus
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Science, 90150 Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
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Ahmad T, Javed A, Khan T, Althobaiti YS, Ullah A, Almutairi FM, Shah AJ. Investigation into the Antihypertensive Effects of Diosmetin and Its Underlying Vascular Mechanisms Using Rat Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080951. [PMID: 36015099 PMCID: PMC9416473 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Diosmetin is a flavonoid that is found in many important medicinal plants that have antihypertensive therapeutic potential. Diosmetin has been shown to have antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which suggests that it could be a potential candidate for use in antihypertensive therapy. Methods: In vivo and in vitro methods were used for our investigation into the antihypertensive effects of diosmetin. Results: Diosmetin significantly decreased the mean arterial pressure (MAP). The effects of diosmetin on the MAP and heart rate were more pronounced in hypertensive rats. To explore the involvement of the muscarinic receptors-linked NO pathway, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and atropine were pre-administered in vivo. The pretreatment with L-NAME did not significantly change the effects of diosmetin on the MAP by excluding the involvement of NO. Unlike L-NAME, the atropine pretreatment reduced the effects of diosmetin on the MAP, which demonstrated the role of the muscarinic receptors. In the in vitro study, diosmetin at lower concentrations produced endothelium-dependent and -independent (at higher concentrations) vasorelaxation, which was attenuated significantly by the presence of atropine and indomethacin but not L-NAME. Diosmetin was also tested for high K+-induced contractions. Diosmetin induced significant relaxation (similar to verapamil), which indicated its Ca2+ antagonistic effects. This was further confirmed by diosmetin shifting the CaCl2 CRCs toward the right due to its suppression of the maximum response. Diosmetin also suppressed phenylephrine peak formation, which indicated its antagonist effects on the release of Ca2+. Moreover, BaCl2 significantly inhibited the effects of diosmetin, followed by 4-AP and TEA, which suggested that the K+ channels had a role as well. Conclusions: The obtained data showed the Ca2+ channel antagonism, potassium channel activation and antimuscarinic receptor-linked vasodilatory effects of diosmetin, which demonstrated its antihypertensive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taseer Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; (T.A.); (A.J.); (T.K.)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Adil Javed
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; (T.A.); (A.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Taous Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; (T.A.); (A.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Yusuf S. Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aman Ullah
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Farooq M. Almutairi
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (F.M.A.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Abdul Jabbar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; (T.A.); (A.J.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (F.M.A.); (A.J.S.)
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3
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Rajabian A, Rajabian F, Babaei F, Mirzababaei M, Nassiri-Asl M, Hosseinzadeh H. Interaction of Medicinal Plants and Their Active Constituents With Potassium Ion Channels: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:831963. [PMID: 35273505 PMCID: PMC8902679 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.831963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium ion (K+) channels are pore-forming transmembrane proteins that control the transport of K+ ions. Medicinal plants are widely used as complementary therapies for several disorders. Studies have shown that the modulation of K+ channels is most likely involved in various pharmacological effects of medicinal plants. This review aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects of medicinal plants and their active constituents on K+ channels under pathological conditions. This systematic review was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for the Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guideline. Four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, embase, and Scopus, were searched. We identified 687 studies from these databases, from which we selected 13 in vivo studies for the review by using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Study (PICOS) tool. The results of the 13 selected studies showed a modulatory effect of medicinal plants or their active constituents on ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP), and small (SKCa) and large (BKCa) conductance calcium-activated K+ channels in several pathological conditions such as nociception, brain ischemia, seizure, diabetes, gastric ulcer, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, and hypertension via possible involvement of the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway and protein kinase. K+ channels should be considered as significant therapeutic milestones in the treatment of several diseases. We believe that understanding the mechanism behind the interaction of medicinal plants with K+ channels can facilitate drug development for the treatment of various K+ channel-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Rajabian
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rajabian
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mirzababaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Zhang M, Xia F, Xia S, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Han X, Zhao K, Feng L, Dong R, Tian D, Yu Y, Liao J. NSAID-Associated Small Intestinal Injury: An Overview From Animal Model Development to Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Prevention. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:818877. [PMID: 35222032 PMCID: PMC8864225 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.818877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the wide application of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), their gastrointestinal side effects are an urgent health burden. There are currently sound preventive measures for upper gastrointestinal injury, however, there is a lack of effective defense against lower gastrointestinal damage. According to a large number of previous animal experiments, a variety of NSAIDs have been demonstrated to induce small intestinal mucosal injury in vivo. This article reviews the descriptive data on the administration dose, administration method, mucosal injury site, and morphological characteristics of inflammatory sites of various NSAIDs. The cells, cytokines, receptors and ligands, pathways, enzyme inhibition, bacteria, enterohepatic circulation, oxidative stress, and other potential pathogenic factors involved in NSAID-associated enteropathy are also reviewed. We point out the limitations of drug modeling at this stage and are also pleased to discover the application prospects of chemically modified NSAIDs, dietary therapy, and many natural products against intestinal mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suhong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wangdong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lina Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruonan Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiazhi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Pathophysiological role of ion channels and transporters in gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8109-8125. [PMID: 34778915 PMCID: PMC8629801 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal diseases, including various types of gastritis, ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease and GI cancer, is increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new therapeutic targets. Ion channels/transporters are located on cell membranes, and tight junctions (TJs) affect acid–base balance, the mucus layer, permeability, the microbiota and mucosal blood flow, which are essential for maintaining GI mucosal integrity. As ion channel/transporter dysfunction results in various GI mucosal diseases, this review focuses on understanding the contribution of ion channels/transporters to protecting the GI mucosal barrier and the relationship between GI mucosal disease and ion channels/transporters, including Cl−/HCO3− exchangers, Cl− channels, aquaporins, Na+/H+ exchangers, and K+ channels. Here, we provide novel prospects for the treatment of GI mucosal diseases.
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Lee SE, Kim DH, Son SM, Choi SY, You RY, Kim CH, Choi W, Kim HS, Lim YJ, Han JY, Kim HW, Yang IJ, Xu WX, Lee SJ, Kim YC, Yun HY. Physiological function and molecular composition of ATP-sensitive K + channels in human gastric smooth muscle. J Smooth Muscle Res 2020; 56:29-45. [PMID: 32581184 PMCID: PMC7324727 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.56.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric motility is controlled by slow waves. In general, the activation of the
ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels in the smooth muscle
opposes the membrane excitability and produces relaxation. Since metabolic
inhibition and/or diabetes mellitus are accompanied by dysfunctions of gastric
smooth muscle, we examined the possible roles of KATP channels in
human gastric motility. We used human gastric corpus and antrum smooth muscle
preparations and recorded the mechanical activities with a conventional
contractile measuring system. We also identified the subunits of the
KATP channels using Western blot. Pinacidil (10 μM), a
KATP channel opener, suppressed contractions to 30% (basal tone
to −0.2 g) of the control. The inhibitory effect of pinacidil on contraction was
reversed to 59% of the control by glibenclamide (20 μM), a KATP
channel blocker. The relaxation by pinacidil was not affected by a pretreatment
with L-arginine methyl ester, tetraethylammonium, or 4-aminopyridine. Pinacidil
also inhibited the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced tonic and phasic contractions in
a glibenclamide-sensitive manner (42% and 6% of the control, respectively).
Other KATP channel openers such as diazoxide, cromakalim and
nicorandil also inhibited the spontaneous and ACh-induced contractions.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a gastric neuropeptide, induced muscle
relaxation by the activation of KATP channels in human gastric smooth
muscle. Finally, we have found with Western blot studies, that human gastric
smooth muscle expressed KATP channels which were composed of Kir 6.2
and SUR2B subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eok Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Dae Hoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Seung Myeung Son
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Song-Yi Choi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Chungnam 35015, Korea
| | - Ra Young You
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Chan Hyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Woong Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Hun Sik Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Yung Ji Lim
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Ji Young Han
- CheongDam I Plastic surgery, 21, Sinheung-ro 240, Uijeonbu-si, Gyronggido 11651, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - In Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Nantional University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu 13620, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Wen-Xie Xu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medcine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchun Rd. Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Hyo-Yung Yun
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
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Diazoxide blocks or reduces microgliosis when applied prior or subsequent to motor neuron injury in mice. Brain Res 2020; 1741:146875. [PMID: 32389588 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diazoxide (DZX), an anti-hypertonic and anti-hypoglycemic drug, was shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in several injured cell types outside the central nervous system. In the brain, the neuroprotective potential of DZX is well described, however, its anticipated anti-inflammatory effect after acute injury has not been systematically analyzed. To disclose the anti-inflammatory effect of DZX in the central nervous system, an injury was induced in the hypoglossal and facial nuclei and in the oculomotor nucleus by unilateral axonal transection and unilateral target deprivation (enucleation), respectively. On the fourth day after surgery, microglial analysis was performed on tissue in which microglia were DAB-labeled and motoneurons were labeled with immunofluorescence. DZX treatment was given either prophylactically, starting 7 days prior to the injury and continuing until the animals were sacrificed, or postoperatively only, with daily intraperitoneal injections (1.25 mg/kg; in 10 mg/ml dimethyl sulfoxide in distilled water). Prophylactically + postoperatively applied DZX completely eliminated the microglial reaction in each motor nuclei. If DZX was applied only postoperatively, some microglial activation could be detected, but its magnitude was still significantly smaller than the non-DZX-treated controls. The effect of DZX could also be demonstrated through an extended period, as tested in the hypoglossal nucleus on day 7 after the operation. Neuronal counts, determined at day 4 after the operation in the hypoglossal nucleus, demonstrated no loss of motor neurons, however, an increased Feret's diameter of mitochondria could be measured, suggesting increased oxidative stress in the injured cells. The increase of mitochondrial Feret's diameter could also be prevented with DZX treatment.
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Resveratrol enhances the protective effects of JBP485 against indomethacin-induced rat intestinal damage in vivo and vitro through up-regulating oligopeptide transporter 1 (Pept1). Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:251-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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de Oliveira Andrade R, Kunitake T, Koike MK, Machado MCC, Souza HP. Effects of diazoxide in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2017; 72:125-129. [PMID: 28273237 PMCID: PMC5304406 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2017(02)10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the effects of diazoxide on the mortality, pancreatic injury, and inflammatory response in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (200-400 g) were divided randomly into two groups. Fifteen minutes before surgery, animals received physiological (0.9%) saline (3 mL/kg) (control group) or 45 mg/kg diazoxide (treatment group) via the intravenous route. Acute pancreatitis was induced by injection of 2.5% sodium taurocholate via the biliopancreatic duct. Mortality (n=38) was observed for 72 h and analyzed by the Mantel-Cox Log-rank test. To study pancreatic lesions and systemic inflammation, rats (10 from each group) were killed 3 h after acute pancreatitis induction; ascites volume was measured and blood as well as pancreases were collected. Pancreatic injury was assessed according to Schmidt's scale. Cytokine expression in plasma was evaluated by the multiplex method. RESULTS: Mortality at 72 h was 33% in the control group and 60% in the treatment group (p=0.07). Ascites volumes and plasma levels of cytokines between groups were similar. No difference was observed in edema or infiltration of inflammatory cells in pancreatic tissues from either group. However, necrosis of acinar cells was lower in the treatment group compared to the control group (3.5 vs. 3.75, p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with diazoxide can reduce necrosis of acinar cells in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis, but does not affect the inflammatory response or mortality after 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta de Oliveira Andrade
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Emergências Clínicas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Tiago Kunitake
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Emergências Clínicas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Kiyomi Koike
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Emergências Clínicas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Marcel C C Machado
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Emergências Clínicas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Heraldo Possolo Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Emergências Clínicas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
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Horibe S, Tanahashi T, Kawauchi S, Mizuno S, Rikitake Y. Preventative Effects of Sodium Alginate on Indomethacin-induced Small-intestinal Injury in Mice. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:653-63. [PMID: 27647994 PMCID: PMC5027183 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in diagnostic technologies have revealed that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause serious mucosal injury in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract (including the small intestine). A drug to treat NSAID-induced small-intestinal injury (SII) is lacking. Sodium alginate is a soluble dietary fiber extracted from brown seaweed and its solution has been used as a hemostatic agent to treat gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastric ulcers. Whether sodium alginate has therapeutic effects on NSAID-induced SII and its mechanism of action are not known. Here, we investigated if administration of two forms (high-molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW)) of sodium alginate could ameliorate indomethacin-induced SII. Pretreatment with HMW sodium alginate or LMW sodium alginate before indomethacin administration improved ulceration and the resultant intestinal shortening was associated with reduced histological severity of mucosal injury and ameliorated mRNA expression of inflammation-related molecules in the small intestine. We found that mRNAs of secretory Muc2 and membrane-associated Muc1, Muc3 and Muc4 were expressed in the small intestine. mRNA expression of Muc1-4 was increased in indomethacin-induced SII, and these increases were prevented by sodium alginate. Thus, administration of sodium alginate could be a therapeutic approach to prevent indomethacin-induced SII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayo Horibe
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihito Tanahashi
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan;; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shoji Kawauchi
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Shigeto Mizuno
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan;; Endoscopy Department, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma 630-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan;; Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Fu Q, Sun Z, Zhang J, Gao N, Qi F, Che F, Ma G. Diazoxide preconditioning antagonizes cytotoxicity induced by epileptic seizures. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1000-6. [PMID: 25206393 PMCID: PMC4145886 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazoxide, an activator of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels, can protect neurons and astrocytes against oxidative stress and apoptosis. In this study, we established a cellular model of epilepsy by culturing hippocampal neurons in magnesium-free medium, and used this to investigate effects of diazoxide preconditioning on the expression of inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir) subunits of the ATP-sensitive potassium. We found that neuronal viability was significantly reduced in the epileptic cells, whereas it was enhanced by diazoxide preconditioning. Double immunofluorescence and western blot showed a significant increase in the expression of Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 in epileptic cells, especially at 72 hours after seizures. Diazoxide pretreatment completely reversed this effect at 24 hours after seizures. In addition, Kir6.1 expression was significantly upregulated compared with Kir6.2 in hippocampal neurons after seizures. These findings indicate that diazoxide pretreatment may counteract epileptiform discharge-induced cytotoxicity by suppressing the expression of Kir subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Fu
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiqing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Naiyong Gao
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Faying Qi
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guozhao Ma
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
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Girault A, Brochiero E. Evidence of K+ channel function in epithelial cell migration, proliferation, and repair. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 306:C307-19. [PMID: 24196531 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00226.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Efficient repair of epithelial tissue, which is frequently exposed to insults, is necessary to maintain its functional integrity. It is therefore necessary to better understand the biological and molecular determinants of tissue regeneration and to develop new strategies to promote epithelial repair. Interestingly, a growing body of evidence indicates that many members of the large and widely expressed family of K(+) channels are involved in regulation of cell migration and proliferation, key processes of epithelial repair. First, we briefly summarize the complex mechanisms, including cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, engaged after epithelial injury. We then present evidence implicating K(+) channels in the regulation of these key repair processes. We also describe the mechanisms whereby K(+) channels may control epithelial repair processes. In particular, changes in membrane potential, K(+) concentration, cell volume, intracellular Ca(2+), and signaling pathways following modulation of K(+) channel activity, as well as physical interaction of K(+) channels with the cytoskeleton or integrins are presented. Finally, we discuss the challenges to efficient, specific, and safe targeting of K(+) channels for therapeutic applications to improve epithelial repair in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Girault
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
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Zhang C, Gu C, Peng F, Liu W, Wan J, Xu H, Lam CW, Yang X. Preparation and optimization of triptolide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery with reduced gastric irritation. Molecules 2013; 18:13340-56. [PMID: 24172242 PMCID: PMC6269717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181113340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) often causes adverse reactions in the gastrointestinal tract when it is administered orally. This study aimed to prepare and optimize triptolide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TP-SLN) with reduced gastric irritation. The microemulsion technique was used to formulate TP-SLN employing a five-level central composite design (CCD) that was developed for exploring the optimum levels of three independent variables on particle size, encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL). Quadratic polynomial models were generated to predict and evaluate the three independent variables with respect to the three responses. The optimized TP-SLN was predicted to comprise fraction of lipid of 49.73%, surfactant to co-surfactant ratio of 3.25, and lipid to drug ratio of 55.27, which showed particle size of 179.8 ± 5.7 nm, EE of 56.5 ± 0.18% and DL of 1.02 ± 0.003% that were in good agreement with predicted values. In addition, the optimized nanoparticles manifested a sustained-release pattern in vitro and were stable during 3 h of incubation in simulated gastric fluids without significant size change and the majority (91%) of the drug was protected. Furthermore, the nanoparticles did not show obvious gastric irritation caused by oral administration of TP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; E-Mails: (C.Z.); (C.G.); (F.P.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Conghui Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; E-Mails: (C.Z.); (C.G.); (F.P.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Fan Peng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; E-Mails: (C.Z.); (C.G.); (F.P.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Wei Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; E-Mails: (C.Z.); (C.G.); (F.P.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Jiangling Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; E-Mails: (C.Z.); (C.G.); (F.P.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Huibi Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; E-Mails: (C.Z.); (C.G.); (F.P.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Christopher Waikei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; E-Mails: (C.Z.); (C.G.); (F.P.); (W.L.); (J.W.); (H.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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14
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Chen W, Chung HH, Cheng JT. Opiate-induced constipation related to activation of small intestine opioid μ2-receptors. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:1391-6. [PMID: 22493554 PMCID: PMC3319967 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i12.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of opioid μ-receptor subtype in opiate-induced constipation (OIC).
METHODS: The effect of loperamide on intestinal transit was investigated in mice. Ileum strips were isolated from 12-wk-old male BALB/c mice for identification of isometric tension. The ileum strips were precontracted with 1 μmol/L acetylcholine (ACh). Then, decrease in muscle tone (relaxation) was characterized after cumulative administration of 0.1-10 μmol/L loperamide into the organ bath, for a concentration-dependent study. Specific blockers or antagonists were used for pretreatment to compare the changes in loperamide-induced relaxation.
RESULTS: In addition to the delay in intestinal transit, loperamide produced a marked relaxation in isolated ileum precontracted with ACh, in a dose-dependent manner. This relaxation was abolished by cyprodime, a selective opioid μ-receptor antagonist, but not modified by naloxonazine at a dose sufficient to block opioid μ-1 receptors. Also, treatment with opioid μ-1 receptor agonist failed to modify the muscle tone. Moreover, the relaxation by loperamide was attenuated by glibenclamide at a dose sufficient to block ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, and by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, but was enhanced by an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
CONCLUSION: Loperamide induces intestinal relaxation by activation of opioid μ-2 receptors via the cAMP-PKA pathway to open KATP channels, relates to OIC.
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