1
|
Kaya A, Ceylan AF, Kavutcu M, Santamaria A, Šoltésová Prnová M, Stefek M, Karasu Ç. A dual-acting aldose reductase inhibitor impedes oxidative and carbonyl stress in tissues of fructose- and streptozotocin-induced rats: comparison with antioxidant stobadine. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37795621 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2262164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibiting aldose reductase (ALR2, AR) as well as maintaining a concomitant antioxidant (AO) activity via dual-acting agents may be a rational approach to prevent cellular glucotoxicity and at least delay the progression of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study was aimed at evaluating the dual-acting AR inhibitor (ARI) cemtirestat (CMTI) on tissue oxidative stress (OS) and carbonyl stress (CS) biomarkers in rats exposed to fructose alone (F) or fructose plus streptozotocin (D; type-2 diabetic). D and F rats were either untreated or treated daily with low- or high-dose CMTI, ARI drug epalrestat (EPA) or antioxidant stobadine (STB) for 14 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione S-transferase (GST), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and catalase (CAT) were increased in the sciatic nerve of F and D. These increases were attenuated by low doses of CMTI and STB in D, but exacerbated by low-dose EPA and high-dose CMTI in F. STB and CMTI and to a lesser extent EPA improved MDA, protein-carbonyl, GST and CAT in the hearts and lungs of F and D. CMTI and STB were more effective than EPA in improving the increased MDA and protein-carbonyl levels in the kidneys of F and especially D. CMTI ameliorated renal GST inhibition in D. In the lungs, hearts, and kidneys of F and D, the GSH to GSSG ratio decreased and caspase-3 activity increased, but partially resolved with treatments. In conclusion, CMTI with ARI/AO activity may be advantageous in overcoming OS, CS, and their undesirable consequences, with low dose efficacy and limited toxicity, compared to ARI or antioxidant alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alican Kaya
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Health Services Vocational School, Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Aslı F Ceylan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kavutcu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores/Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marta Šoltésová Prnová
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Milan Stefek
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Çimen Karasu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cellular Stress Response and Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kuo FY, Huang WC, Tang PL, Cheng CC, Chiang CH, Lin HC, Chuang TJ, Wann SR, Mar GY, Liu CP, Cheng JT, Wu MC. Impact of statin on long-term outcome among patients with end-stage renal disease with acute myocardial infarction (AMI): a nationwide case-control study. Postgrad Med J 2021; 97:299-305. [PMID: 33452152 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-137292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of statin has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases events and mortality. However, in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the protective effects of statin are controversial. To evaluate the impact of chronic statin use on clinical outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with ESRD. METHODS We enrolled 8056 patients with ESRD who were initially diagnosed and admitted for first AMI from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Of which, 2134 patients underwent statin therapy. We randomly selected and use age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), peripheral vascular diseases (PVD), heart failure (HF), cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, matched with the study group as controls (non-stain user). We compared the effects of statin use in term of all-cause death among patients with AMI with ESRD. RESULTS Statin use resulted in a significantly higher survival rate in patients ith AMI with ESRD compared with non-statin users. After adjusted the comorbidities the male patients and patients with DM, PVD, HF and CVA had lower long-term survival rate (all p<0.001). Patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (p<0.001), ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (p<0.001), β receptor blockers (p<0.001) and statin therapy (p=0.007) had better long-term survival rate. Patients with AMI with ESRD on statin therapy exhibited a significantly lower risk of mortality compared with non-statin users (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Among patients with ESRD with AMI, statin therapy was associated with reduced all-cause mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei-Chun Huang
- Critical Care Center and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Tang
- Critical Care Center and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Cheng
- Critical Care Center and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Chiang
- Critical Care Center and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chin Lin
- Critical Care Center and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jung Chuang
- Critical Care Center and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shue-Ren Wann
- Critical Care Center and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yuan Mar
- Critical Care Center and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Peng Liu
- Critical Care Center and Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aydın S, Bacanlı M, Anlar HG, Çal T, Arı N, Ündeğer Bucurgat Ü, Başaran AA, Başaran N. Preventive role of Pycnogenol ® against the hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 124:54-63. [PMID: 30465898 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a complex progressive metabolic disorder, leads to some oxidative stress related complications. Pycnogenol® (PYC), a plant extract obtained from Pinus pinaster, has been suggested to be effective in many diseases including diabetes, cancer, inflammatory and immune system disorders. The mechanisms underlying the effects of PYC in diabetes need to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of PYC treatment (50 mg/kg/day, orally, for 28 days) on the DNA damage and biochemical changes in the blood, liver, and kidney tissues of experimental diabetic rats. Changes in the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase enzymes, and the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, total glutathione, malondialdehyde, insulin, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were evaluated. DNA damage was also determined in the whole blood cells and the liver and renal tissue cells using the alkaline comet assay. PYC treatment significantly ameliorated the oxidative stress, lipid profile, and liver function parameters as well as DNA damage in the hyperglycemic rats. The results show that PYC treatment might improve the hyperglycemia-induced biochemical and physiological changes in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Aydın
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Merve Bacanlı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Gül Anlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Tuğbagül Çal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Nuray Arı
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ülkü Ündeğer Bucurgat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arif Ahmet Başaran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nursen Başaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Therapeutic effects of simvastatin on Galectin-3 and oxidative stress parameters in endotoxemic lung tissue. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180308. [PMID: 29853535 PMCID: PMC6019383 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins constitute of a soluble mammalian β-galactoside binding lectin family, which play homeostatic roles in the regulation of the cell cycle, and apoptosis, in addition to their inflammatory conditions. Galectin-3 has an important role in the regulation of various inflammatory conditions including endotoxemia, and airway inflammation. Statins, the key precursor inhibitors of 3-hydroxyl-3-methyl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, may prevent the progression of inflammation in sepsis after prior statin treatment. Endotoxemia leads to the formation of oxidative stress parameters in proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA. In the present study, we aimed to show the effects of simvastatin on Galectin-3, and glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in lung tissue of rats which were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) during the early phase of sepsis. Rats were divided into four groups as the control, LPS (20 mg/kg), simvastatin (20 mg/kg), and simvastatin+LPS group. Galectin-3 expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue sections was demonstrated by using the immunohistochemistry methods. There were reduced densities, and the decreased number of Galectin-3 immunoreactivities in the simvastatin+LPS group compared with the LPS group in the pneumocytes, and in the bronchial epithelium of lung tissue. In the LPS group, GR, GSH-Px, and SOD were found lower than the levels in simvastatin-treated LPS group (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01 respectively) in the lung tissue. However, TBARS decreased in the simvastatin+LPS group compared with the levels in LPS group (P<0.001). Simvastatin attenuates LPS-induced oxidative acute lung inflammation, oxidative stress, and suppresses LPS-induced Galectin-3 expression in the lung tissue.
Collapse
|
5
|
de Gouveia NM, Rodrigues WF, de Sousa RMF, Calábria LK, Mundim AV, Miguel CB, Oliveira CJF, Lazo-Chica JE, de Oliveira A, Lago JHG, dos Santos VB, do Lago CL, Espindola FS. Phytochemical characterization of the Vochysia rufa (Vochysiaceae) extract and its effects on oxidative stress in the pancreata of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184807. [PMID: 28981518 PMCID: PMC5628804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous extract of macerated Vochysia rufa stem bark has been commonly used in the treatment of diabetes. Therefore, we evaluated the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of an extract of V. rufa on the pancreata of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Animals received one of the following treatments daily by oral gavage: water (diabetic-control), V. rufa extract (diabetic-V. rufa), or glibenclamide (diabetic-GBD). Total antioxidant capacity; levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione, and sulfhydryls; and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured in the pancreas. Biochemical analysis of serum total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, acid uric, ALP, γ-GT, AST, and ALT was performed, and pancreatic β-cells positive for insulin were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Rats treated with extract exhibited a decrease in fasting blood glucose compared with levels in diabetic control rats. GPx activity and sulfhydryl levels were significantly lower in diabetic-V. rufa rats compared with those of diabetic-control rats. V. rufa extract acted to normalize the biochemical alterations found in diabetic rats (diabetic-controls), as demonstrated by increases in urea, HDL, ALP, AST, and ALT. Reduction in blood glucose was independent of an increase in insulin. The V. rufa extract was found to be composed of free sugars (inositol, galactose, glucose, mannose, sucrose, arabinose, and ribose) as the main metabolites. Thus, aqueous extract of the stem bark of V. rufa is capable of reducing blood glucose, resulting in an antioxidant effect on the pancreatic tissue of STZ-diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neire M. de Gouveia
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biofuncionais, Faculdade Morgana Potrich, Mineiros, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Wellington F. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raquel M. F. de Sousa
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana K. Calábria
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Integradas do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antonio V. Mundim
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila B. Miguel
- Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório Morfofuncional, Centro Universitário de Mineiros, UNIFIMES, Mineiros, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Carlo J. F Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Javier E. Lazo-Chica
- Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alberto de Oliveira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João H. G. Lago
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas da Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Foued S. Espindola
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bacanlı M, Anlar HG, Aydın S, Çal T, Arı N, Ündeğer Bucurgat Ü, Başaran AA, Başaran N. d-limonene ameliorates diabetes and its complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:434-442. [PMID: 28923438 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It is known that diabetes causes some complications including alterations in lipid profile, hepatic enzyme levels but also it causes oxidative stress. Limonene, a major component of Citrus oils, has important health beneficial effects in lowering the level of oxidative stress due to its antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of D-limonene on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in Wistar albino rats. For this purpose, DNA damage was evaluated by alkaline comet assay. Changes in the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), total glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), insulin, total bilirubin and BCA protein, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol and triglyceride were also evaluated. D-limonene treatment was found to significantly decrease DNA damage, GR enzyme activities and MDA levels and significantly increase GSH levels and CAT, SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities and altered lipid and liver enzyme parameters in diabetic rats. According to our results, it seems that D-limonene might have a role in the prevention of the complication of diabetes in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Bacanlı
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Gül Anlar
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Aydın
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuğbagül Çal
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 06100, Ankara, Turkey; Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Nuray Arı
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ülkü Ündeğer Bucurgat
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Ahmet Başaran
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurşen Başaran
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Naeimi RA, Talebpour Amiri F, Khalatbary AR, Ghasemi A, Zargari M, Ghesemi M, Hosseinimehr SJ. Atorvastatin mitigates testicular injuries induced by ionizing radiation in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 72:115-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
8
|
Park J, Kwon OS, Cho SY, Paick JS, Kim SW. Chronic administration of atorvastatin could partially ameliorate erectile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172751. [PMID: 28245261 PMCID: PMC5330475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of statins is related to the ‘common soil’ hypothesis, which proposes oxidative stress and inflammation as main pathophysiologic processes in the disease group of diabetes and endothelial dysfunction. This study evaluated the recovery of erectile function after administration of chronic statin alone in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rats, focusing on the anti-oxidative effects and consequentially recuperated endothelial function. A total of 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were divided into three groups (n = 15 each): an age-matched normal control group (Control group), an uncontrolled DM group (DM group), and a statin-treated group (Statin group). The rats in the DM and Statin group received an injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). Beginning 10 weeks after the establishment of DM, the Statin group received daily treatment with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) via oral gavage for four weeks. After 14 weeks, the results of the experiment were evaluated. The ratios of intracavernosal pressure (ICP) to mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded with cavernosometry (20 Hz, 3 V, 0.2 msec for 30 seconds) before and after the intravenous administration of udenafil (1 mg/kg). Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was evaluated using cavernosal tissue. In addition, changes in RhoA translocation ratio and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) phosphorylation were evaluated with western blot. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also analyzed as measurements of oxidative stress levels. The ICP/MAP and area under the curve (AUC)/MAP ratios of the Statin group were obviously superior to the DM group, but were not comparable to the Control group (P<0.001). The level of oxidative stress, namely SOD activity, was also significantly lower in the Statin group than in the DM group (P = 0.015), and was comparable to the Control group. In contrast, MDA levels were not considerably different among the groups (P = 0.217). The RhoA translocation ratio was not significantly different among the groups (P = 0.668), whereas MYPT1 phosphorylation in the Statin group was significantly lower than in the DM group (P = 0.030), and similar to the Control group. Expression of α-SMA in the Statin group was higher than in the DM group (P<0.001), and comparable to the Control group. Chronic statin treatment alone showed anti-oxidative effects and helped to restore the erectile mechanism, but did not lead to the full recovery of erectile function in STZ-induced DM rats. Therefore, combination therapy rather than a single agent should be the preferred treatment strategy for DM-associated erectile dysfunction, especially in the setting of severe diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Park
- Department of Urology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oh Seong Kwon
- Department of Urology, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Yong Cho
- Department of Urology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Paick
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shahidi S, Jabbarpour Z, Saidijam M, Esmaeili R, Komaki A, Hashemi Firouzi N. The Effects of the Synthetic Antioxidant, Tempol, on Serum Glucose and Lipid Profile of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/ajmb-31043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
10
|
Cashman CR, Höke A. Mechanisms of distal axonal degeneration in peripheral neuropathies. Neurosci Lett 2015; 596:33-50. [PMID: 25617478 PMCID: PMC4428955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of a variety of diseases and treatments, including diabetes, cancer chemotherapy, and infectious causes (HIV, hepatitis C, and Campylobacter jejuni). Despite the fundamental difference between these insults, peripheral neuropathy develops as a combination of just six primary mechanisms: altered metabolism, covalent modification, altered organelle function and reactive oxygen species formation, altered intracellular and inflammatory signaling, slowed axonal transport, and altered ion channel dynamics and expression. All of these pathways converge to lead to axon dysfunction and symptoms of neuropathy. The detailed mechanisms of axon degeneration itself have begun to be elucidated with studies of animal models with altered degeneration kinetics, including the slowed Wallerian degeneration (Wld(S)) and Sarm knockout animal models. These studies have shown axonal degeneration to occur through a programmed pathway of injury signaling and cytoskeletal degradation. Insights into the common disease insults that converge on the axonal degeneration pathway promise to facilitate the development of therapeutics that may be effective against other mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Cashman
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, USA; MSTP- MD/PhD Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ahmet Höke
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pathak NN, Balaganur V, Lingaraju MC, Kant V, Latief N, More AS, Kumar D, Kumar D, Tandan SK. Atorvastatin attenuates neuropathic pain in rat neuropathy model by down-regulating oxidative damage at peripheral, spinal and supraspinal levels. Neurochem Int 2014; 68:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
12
|
Ergin V, Hariry RE, Karasu C. Carbonyl stress in aging process: role of vitamins and phytochemicals as redox regulators. Aging Dis 2013; 4:276-94. [PMID: 24124633 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2013.0400276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing scientific agreement that the cellular redox regulators such as antioxidants, particularly the natural polyphenolic forms, may help lower the incidence of some pathologies, including metabolic diseases like diabetes and diabesity, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative abnormalities, and certain cancers or even have anti-aging properties. The recent researches indicate that the degree of metabolic modulation and adaptation response of cells to reductants as well as oxidants establish their survival and homeostasis, which is linked with very critical balance in imbalances in cellular redox capacity and signaling, and that might be an answer the questions why some antioxidants or phytochemicals potentially could do more harm than good, or why some proteins lose their function by increase interactions with glyco- and lipo-oxidation mediates in the cells (carbonyl stress). Nonetheless, pursue of healthy aging has led the use of antioxidants as a means to disrupt age-associated physiological dysfunctions, dysregulated metabolic processes or prevention of many age-related diseases. Although it is still early to define their exact clinical benefits for treating age-related disease, a diet rich in polyphenolic or other forms of antioxidants does seem to offer hope in delaying the onset of age-related disorders. It is now clear that any deficiency in antioxidant vitamins, inadequate enzymatic antioxidant defenses can distinctive for many age-related disease, and protein carbonylation can used as an indicator of oxidative stress associated diseases and aging status. This review examines antioxidant compounds and plant polyphenols as redox regulators in health, disease and aging processes with hope that a better understanding of the many mechanisms involved with these distinct compounds, which may lead to better health and novel treatment approaches for age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Ergin
- Cellular Stress Response and Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fouad AA, Albuali WH, Jresat I. Simvastatin treatment ameliorates injury of rat testes induced by cadmium toxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 153:269-78. [PMID: 23625729 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium-induced testicular toxicity is mediated through oxidative stress and inflammation which eventually lead to cell death. Simvastatin, the antihyperlipidemic agent, exhibits additional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of the present work was to investigate the protective effect of simvastatin against cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in rats. The rats received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cadmium chloride (2 mg/kg). Simvastatin treatment (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was applied for three consecutive days, starting 1 day before cadmium administration. Cadmium significantly decreased serum testosterone, and testicular reduced glutathione and catalase activity, and significantly increased testicular malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and cadmium ion levels. Simvastatin significantly ameliorated the biochemical changes induced by cadmium. Cadmium-induced testicular tissue injury observed by histopathological examination was attenuated by simvastatin. In addition, simvastatin significantly decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-κB, and caspase-3, and increased heme oxygenase-1 expression in testicular tissue of rats exposed to cadmium toxicity. It was concluded that simvastatin, through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, provided a significant protective effect against cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in rats. However, starting treatment with simvastatin before cadmium exposure, as done in the present work, is not clinically applicable. Therefore, other investigations are needed to assess the protective effect of simvastatin treatment following induction of cadmium testicular toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Fouad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pharmacology Division, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982 Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khurana S, Piche M, Hollingsworth A, Venkataraman K, Tai TC. Oxidative stress and cardiovascular health: therapeutic potential of polyphenols. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:198-212. [PMID: 23537433 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in normal cellular function and physiology. However, oxidative stress resulting from an accumulation of ROS has a detrimental impact on cellular function, and ROS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. This review provides a summary of the impact of ROS on cardiovascular health and diseases, highlighting the therapeutic use of antioxidants. In addition, this review summarizes the health benefits of polyphenols, and the recent progress on understanding the cellular and physiological actions by which polyphenols may impart their beneficial properties on cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Khurana
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
El-Azab MF, Hazem RM, Moustafa YM. Role of simvastatin and/or antioxidant vitamins in therapeutic angiogenesis in experimental diabetic hindlimb ischemia: effects on capillary density, angiogenesis markers, and oxidative stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 690:31-41. [PMID: 22705060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis has emerged as an attractive approach for the management of peripheral arterial disease in diabetic patients. Oxidative stress generated and aggravated by prolonged hyperglycemia may interfere with and destroy the newly formed blood vessels. Angiogenic effect of simvastatin has been reported; however, its exact mechanism is yet to be evaluated. In addition, the exact role of antioxidant vitamins in diabetic peripheral arterial disease is still controversial. The present study was undertaken to investigate the therapeutic potential of simvastatin and antioxidant vitamins (E and C) and their combined effects on angiogenesis in diabetic hind-limb ischemia. Streptozotocin diabetic rats were treated for 6 weeks with simvastatin either alone or in combination with vitamin E or vitamin C. Parameters of angiogenesis, nitric oxide, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and oxidative stress markers were evaluated. CD31 immunostaining revealed an increased capillary density in ischemic gastrocnemious tissue of diabetic rats treated with either simvastatin or its combination with vitamin C. This effect was accompanied by up-regulated plasma levels of HO-1, nitric oxide, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its intra-muscular receptor type-2 (Flk-1). Tissue reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes activities were normalized in groups treated with antioxidant vitamins or their combination with simvastatin with concomitant blunting of lipid peroxidation. Vitamins E and C, through their antioxidant effects, evidently enhanced the angiogenic effect of simvastatin in ischemic diabetic muscle. Hence, the use of antioxidant vitamins combined with statins to induce therapeutic angiogenesis is a promising strategy in the management of diabetes-associated peripheral arterial disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona F El-Azab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hyperglycemia and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis: lessons from type 1 diabetes. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:569654. [PMID: 22489274 PMCID: PMC3303762 DOI: 10.1155/2012/569654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A clear relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular disease has been established for decades. Despite this, the mechanisms by which diabetes contributes to plaque formation remain in question. Some of this confusion derives from studies in type 2 diabetics where multiple components of metabolic syndrome show proatherosclerotic effects independent of underlying diabetes. However, the hyperglycemia that defines the diabetic condition independently affects atherogenesis in cell culture systems, animal models, and human patients. Endothelial cell biology plays a central role in atherosclerotic plaque formation regulating vessel permeability, inflammation, and thrombosis. The current paper highlights the mechanisms by which hyperglycemia affects endothelial cell biology to promote plaque formation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Protective effects of beta glucan and gliclazide on brain tissue and sciatic nerve of diabetic rats induced by streptozosin. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:230342. [PMID: 22291696 PMCID: PMC3265075 DOI: 10.1155/2012/230342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There have not been yet enough studies about effects of beta glucan and gliclazide on oxidative stress created by streptozotocin in the brain and sciatic nerve of diabetic rats. The aim of this paper was to investigate the antioxidant effects of gliclazide and beta glucan on oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation created by streptozotosin in brain and sciatic nerve. Total of 42 rats were divided into 6 groups including control, diabetic untreated (DM) (only STZ, diabetic), STZ (DM) + beta glucan, STZ (DM) + gliclazide, only beta glucan treated (no diabetic), and only gliclazide treated (no diabetic). The brain and sciatic nerve tissue samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and paraoxonase (PON-1) levels. We found a significant increase in MDA, TOS, and OSI along with a reduction in TAS level, catalase, and PON-1 activities in brain and sciatic nerve of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Also, this study shows that in terms of these parameters both gliclazide and beta glucan have a neuroprotective effect on the brain and sciatic nerve of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Our conclusion was that gliclazide and beta glucan have antioxidant effects on the brain and sciatic nerve of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cellular dysfunction in diabetes as maladaptive response to mitochondrial oxidative stress. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:696215. [PMID: 22253615 PMCID: PMC3255456 DOI: 10.1155/2012/696215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in diabetes long-term complications. In this paper, we summarize the growing evidence suggesting that hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of superoxide by mitochondrial electron transport chain triggers a maladaptive response by affecting several metabolic and signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of cellular dysfunction and diabetic complications. In particular, it is our goal to describe physiological mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial free radical production and regulation to explain the oxidative stress derived from a high intracellular glucose concentration and the resulting maladaptive response that leads to a cellular dysfunction and pathological state. Finally, we outline potential therapies for diabetes focused to the prevention of mitochondrial oxidative damage.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mohamadin AM, Elberry AA, Abdel Gawad HS, Morsy GM, Al-Abbasi FA. Protective Effects of Simvastatin, a Lipid Lowering Agent, against Oxidative Damage in Experimental Diabetic Rats. J Lipids 2011; 2011:167958. [PMID: 22191036 PMCID: PMC3236494 DOI: 10.1155/2011/167958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible protective effects of simvastatin (SMV) against oxidative stress in streptozotocin- (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced experimentally in rats by i.p. injection of STZ in a dose of 60 mg/kg bwt. After 5 weeks of STZ injection, there were apparent reductions in the animal body weight and significant increase in blood glucose, HbA1(c), urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, and lipid profiles with a concomitant decrease in total hemoglobin, plasma glutathione and vitamin C as compared to the control group. The treatment with SMV at a dose (10 mg/kg, orally) normalized all the above-mentioned biochemical parameters in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In vitro studies confirmed the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of SMV. Therefore, the present results revealed that SMV has a protective effect against STZ-induced oxidative damage by scavenging the free radicals generation and restoring the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Mohamadin
- 1Department of Chemistry for Health Sciences, Deanery of Academic Services, Health Sciences Track, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- 2Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- *Ahmed M. Mohamadin:
| | - Ahmed A. Elberry
- 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala S. Abdel Gawad
- 4Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehan M. Morsy
- 5Biochemistry Department, Applied Science College, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- 6Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|