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Hu C, Wang Y, Huang W, Xia Y. E prostanoid receptor-3 promotes oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced human aortic smooth muscle cells inflammation. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:1077-1089. [PMID: 36578105 PMCID: PMC10053191 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The progression of atherosclerosis can lead to the occurrence of multiple cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease, etc.). E prostanoid receptor-3 (EP3) is known to participate in the progression of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which EP3 modulates the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE-/- mice were used to construct in vivo model of atherosclerosis. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were stimulated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to construct in vitro model of atherosclerosis. mRNA expressions were assessed by qRT-PCR, and western blot was applied to assess the protein levels. CCK-8 assay was applied to assess the cell viability. The inflammatory cytokines levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry was applied to assess cell apoptosis. In vivo experiment was constructed to investigate the impact of EP3 in atherosclerosis development. L-798106 (EP3 inhibitor) significantly inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in atherosclerosis in vivo. EP3 inhibitor (L-798106) significantly reversed ox-LDL-caused HASMCs injury via inhibiting the apoptosis and inflammatory responses (P < 0.05). The levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in HASMCs were elevated by ox-LDL, whereas L-798106 or knockdown of cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) notably restored this phenomenon (P < 0.05). EP3 overexpression further aggravated ox-LDL-induced inflammation in HASMCs, and EP3 up-regulated the levels of IL-17 and ICAM-1 in ox-LDL-treated HASMCs (P < 0.05). EP3 up-regulation promoted the inflammatory responses in ox-LDL-treated HASMCs through mediation of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/CREB/IL-17/ICAM-1 axis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS EP3 inhibitor alleviates ox-LDL-induced HASMC inflammation via mediation of cAMP/PKA/CREB/IL-17/ICAM-1 axis. Our study might shed new lights on discovering novel strategies against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang‐Jia Hu
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina
- Laboratory of Molecular CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular ImagingFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Yan‐Wei Wang
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Wei‐Xing Huang
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Yu‐Bin Xia
- Department of NephrologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeNo. 57, Changping RdShantou515000Guangdong ProvinceChina
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Baldwin SN, Forrester EA, McEwan L, Greenwood IA. Sexual dimorphism in prostacyclin-mimetic responses within rat mesenteric arteries: A novel role for K V 7.1 in shaping IP-receptor mediated relaxation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1338-1352. [PMID: 34766649 PMCID: PMC9340493 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Prostacyclin mimetics express potent vasoactive effects via prostanoid receptors that are not unequivocally defined, as to date no study has considered sex as a factor. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of IP and EP3 prostanoid receptors to prostacyclin mimetic iloprost‐mediated responses, whether KV7.1–5 channels represent downstream targets of selective prostacyclin‐IP‐receptor agonist MRE‐269 and the impact of the oestrus cycle on vascular reactivity. Experimental Approach Within second‐order mesenteric arteries from male and female Wistar rats, we determined (1) relative mRNA transcripts for EP1–4 (Ptger1–4), IP (Ptgi) and TXA2 (Tbxa) prostanoid receptors via RT‐qPCR; (2) the effect of iloprost, MRE‐269, isoprenaline and ML277 on precontracted arterial tone in the presence of inhibitors of prostanoid receptors, potassium channels and the molecular interference of KV7.1 via wire‐myograph; (3) oestrus cycle stage via histological changes in cervical cell preparations. Key Results Iloprost evoked a biphasic response in male mesenteric arteries, at concentrations ≤100 nmol·L−1 relaxing, then contracting the vessel at concentration ≥300 nmol·L−1, a process attributed to IP and EP3 receptors respectively. Secondary contraction was absent in the females, which was associated with a reduction in Ptger3. Pharmacological inhibition and molecular interference of KV7.1 significantly attenuated relaxations produced by the selective IP receptor agonist MRE‐269 in male and female Wistar in dioestrus/metoestrus, but not pro‐oestrus/oestrus. Conclusions and Implications Stark sexual dimorphisms in iloprost‐mediated vasoactive responses are present within mesenteric arteries. KV7.1 is implicated in IP receptor‐mediated vasorelaxation and is impaired by the oestrus cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Baldwin
- Molecular and clinical sciences research institute, St George's university, Cranmer terrace, London
| | - Elizabeth A Forrester
- Molecular and clinical sciences research institute, St George's university, Cranmer terrace, London
| | - Lauren McEwan
- Molecular and clinical sciences research institute, St George's university, Cranmer terrace, London
| | - Iain A Greenwood
- Molecular and clinical sciences research institute, St George's university, Cranmer terrace, London
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3
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Zhou Y, Khan H, Xiao J, Cheang WS. Effects of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites on Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12029. [PMID: 34769460 PMCID: PMC8584625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is an essential fatty acid that is released by phospholipids in cell membranes and metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX), cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, and lipid oxygenase (LOX) pathways to regulate complex cardiovascular function under physiological and pathological conditions. Various AA metabolites include prostaglandins, prostacyclin, thromboxanes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. The AA metabolites play important and differential roles in the modulation of vascular tone, and cardiovascular complications including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction upon actions to different receptors and vascular beds. This article reviews the roles of AA metabolism in cardiovascular health and disease as well as their potential therapeutic implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
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4
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Horikami D, Kobayashi K, Murata T. [Prostanoids regulate vascular permeability]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2020; 155:395-400. [PMID: 33132257 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.20045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In normal condition, vasculature transports only small molecules such as nutrients across vascular wall. When inflammation occurs, inflammatory stimuli increase the permeability of vessel, which induces the extravasation of molecules larger than 40 kDa including plasma proteins. These extravasated molecules cause further inflammation by promoting the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the production of inflammatory mediators. Although it is known that vascular hyper-permeability plays an important role in inflammation, the detailed mechanism of vascular permeability regulation is still unclear. It is known that vascular permeability is controlled by two types of cells: endothelial cells and vascular mural cells. Endothelial cells cover the luminal side of vascular wall in a single layer and form endothelial barrier. Vascular mural cells regulate the blood flow volume of the downstream tissue by contracting or relaxing vascular wall. Endothelial barrier enhancement and vasocontraction suppress the vascular permeability, while endothelial barrier disruption and vasorelaxation promote it. Vascular permeability is regulated by the balance between the response of endothelial cells and vascular mural cells. Prostanoids are cell membrane-derived lipid mediators which bind to each specific G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), prostanoid receptors. Recently, several studies showed that prostanoids regulate vascular permeability by acting on endothelial cells and/or vascular mural cells. In this review, we would like to describe the role of each prostanoid in vascular permeability by focusing on the characteristics of each specific receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Horikami
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Koji Kobayashi
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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5
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Liao X, Huang L, Yu Q, He S, Li Q, Huang C, Yuan X. SNPs in the COX-2/PGES/EP signaling pathway are associated with risk of severe capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:785-792. [PMID: 32193619 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Capecitabine is a widely used 5-fluorouracil oral prodrug. Hand-foot syndrome (HFS), one of the most common adverse events of capecitabine, impacts patients' quality of life seriously. The pathogenesis of HFS remains unclear but was usually considered as a type of inflammation conducted by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The COX-2/PGES/EP signaling pathway plays an important role in the inflammatory reaction. We hypothesized that the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this pathway may be associated with the risk of HFS induced by capecitabine. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using DNA from blood samples of 225 patients, we genotyped 19 SNPs in 6 core genes (COX-2, PGES, EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4). Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 was used to grade hand-foot syndrome. We used logistic regression analysis to evaluate the correlations between genotype variants and occurrence of HFS. The cumulative incidence of HFS was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Among the 225 participants, 58.6% (132/225) patients developed into HFS, including 41.3% (93/225) grade 1 HFS, 10.2% (23/225) grade 2 HFS and 7.1% (16/225) grade 3 HFS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the AG/GG genotype of rs3810255 to be associated with a significantly higher risk of grade 2/3 HFS, while the AG/AA genotype of rs17131450 to be associated with a significantly lower risk of grade 2/3 HFS (OR = 3.646, P = 0.011; and OR = 0.266, P = 0.036; respectively). CONCLUSION Our study showed that rs3810255 AG/GG genotypes and rs17131450 GG genotypes to be associated with high risk of capecitabine-induced HFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liu Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Siyuan He
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianxia Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Bryson TD, Pandrangi TS, Khan SZ, Xu J, Pavlov TS, Ortiz PA, Peterson E, Harding P. The deleterious role of the prostaglandin E 2 EP 3 receptor in angiotensin II hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H867-H882. [PMID: 32142358 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00538.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (ANG II) plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and inflammation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signals through four different G protein-coupled receptors, eliciting a variety of effects. We reported that activation of the EP3 receptor reduces cardiac contractility. More recently, we have shown that overexpression of the EP4 receptor is protective in a mouse myocardial infarction model. We hypothesize in this study that the relative abundance of EP3 and EP4 receptors is a major determinant of end-organ damage in the diseased heart. Thus EP3 is detrimental to cardiac function and promotes inflammation, whereas antagonism of the EP3 receptor is protective in an ANG II hypertension (HTN) model. To test our hypothesis, male 10- to 12-wk-old C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and osmotic minipumps containing ANG II were implanted subcutaneously for 2 wk. We found that antagonism of the EP3 receptor using L798,106 significantly attenuated the increase in blood pressure with ANG II infusion. Moreover, antagonism of the EP3 receptor prevented a decline in cardiac function after ANG II treatment. We also found that 10- to 12-wk-old EP3-transgenic mice, which overexpress EP3 in the cardiomyocytes, have worsened cardiac function. In conclusion, activation or overexpression of EP3 exacerbates end-organ damage in ANG II HTN. In contrast, antagonism of the EP3 receptor is beneficial and reduces cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, and HTN.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to show that systemic treatment with an EP3 receptor antagonist (L798,106) attenuates the angiotensin II-induced increase in blood pressure in mice. The results from this project could complement existing hypertension therapies by combining blockade of the EP3 receptor with antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Bryson
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Teja S Pandrangi
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Safa Z Khan
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jiang Xu
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Tengis S Pavlov
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pablo A Ortiz
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Edward Peterson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pamela Harding
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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7
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Leo CH, Ng HH, Marshall SA, Jelinic M, Rupasinghe T, Qin C, Roessner U, Ritchie RH, Tare M, Parry LJ. Relaxin reduces endothelium-derived vasoconstriction in hypertension: Revealing new therapeutic insights. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:217-233. [PMID: 31479151 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelium-derived vasoconstriction is a hallmark of vascular dysfunction in hypertension. In some cases, an overproduction of endothelium-derived prostacyclin (PGI2 ) can cause contraction rather than relaxation. Relaxin is well known for its vasoprotective actions, but the possibility that this peptide could also reverse endothelium-derived vasoconstriction has never been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that short-term relaxin treatment mitigates endothelium-derived vasoconstriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR were subcutaneously infused with either vehicle (20 mmol·L-1 sodium acetate) or relaxin (13.3 μg·kg-1 ·hr-1 ) using osmotic minipumps for 3 days. Vascular reactivity to the endothelium-dependent agonist ACh was assessed in vitro by wire myography. Quantitative PCR and LC-MS were used to identify changes in gene expression of prostanoid pathways and PG production, respectively. KEY RESULTS Relaxin treatment ameliorated hypertension-induced endothelial dysfunction by increasing NO-dependent relaxation and reducing endothelium-dependent contraction. Notably, short-term relaxin treatment up-regulated mesenteric PGI2 receptor (IP) expression, permitting PGI2 -IP-mediated vasorelaxation. In the aorta, reversal of contraction was accompanied by suppression of the hypertension-induced increase in prostanoid-producing enzymes and reduction in PGI2 -evoked contractions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Relaxin has region-dependent vasoprotective actions in hypertension. Specifically, relaxin has distinct effects on endothelium-derived contracting factors and their associated vasoconstrictor pathways in mesenteric arteries and the aorta. Taken together, these observations reveal the potential of relaxin as a new therapeutic agent for vascular disorders that are associated with endothelium-derived vasoconstriction including hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huei Leo
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hooi Hooi Ng
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah A Marshall
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Jelinic
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thusitha Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chengxue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marianne Tare
- Monash Rural Health, Monash University, Churchill, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J Parry
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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8
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Li G, Zeng L, Cheng H, Han J, Zhang X, Xie H. Acupuncture Administration Improves Cognitive Functions and Alleviates Inflammation and Nuclear Damage by Regulating Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase (PI3K)/Phosphoinositol-Dependent Kinase 1 (PDK1)/Novel Protein Kinase C (nPKC)/Rac 1 Signaling Pathway in Senescence-Accelerated Prone 8 (SAM-P8) Mice. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4082-4093. [PMID: 31152645 PMCID: PMC6559003 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder. This study aimed to investigate effects of acupuncture administration on cognitive function and associated mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS Senescence-accelerated prone 8 (SAM-P8) mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: the SAM-P8 group (P8-CN), the SAM-P8 administrating with acupuncture (P8-Acup) group, and the SAM-P8 administrating without acupuncture (P8-Sham) group. Morris water maze test was conducted to evaluate cognitive functions (memory and learning ability). PDK1, nPKC, and Rac1 inhibitors were used to treat SAM-P8 mice. Transmission electron microscope analysis was used to examine nuclear damage hippocampal tissues. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was employed to evaluate inflammation. Western blot was used to detect PI3K, PDK1, nPKC, and Rac 1 expression in hippocampal tissues. RESULTS Acupuncture administration significantly reduced PI3K, PDK1, nPKC, and Rac 1 levels compared to P8-CN group (P<0.05). Both acupuncture and enzyme inhibitors (NSC23766, Rottlerin, OSU03012) significantly improved cognitive functions, reduced inflammation, and alleviated nuclear damages of SAM-P8 mice compared to P8-CN group (P<0.05). Acupuncture significantly enhanced effects of inhibitors on inflammation and nuclear damages compared to inhibitor treatment single (P<0.05). Acupuncture significantly enhanced down-regulative effects of OSU03012 on PI3K and PDK1 levels, increased down-regulative effects of Rottlerin on nPKC and Rac 1 levels and enhanced effects of Rottlerin on Rac 1 compared to P8-CN group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Acupuncture administration improved cognitive functions and alleviated inflammatory response and nuclear damage of SAM-P8 mice, by downregulating PI3K/PDK1/nPKC/Rac 1 signaling pathway. This study could provide potential insight for treating cognitive dysfunction and aging of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Lirong Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Haiyan Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Jianghan Oilfield General Hospital, Jianghan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jingxian Han
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Research Institute, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xuezhu Zhang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Research Institute, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
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9
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Bazzani L, Donnini S, Finetti F, Christofori G, Ziche M. PGE2/EP3/SRC signaling induces EGFR nuclear translocation and growth through EGFR ligands release in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31270-31287. [PMID: 28415726 PMCID: PMC5458206 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) interacts with tyrosine kinases receptor signaling in both tumor and stromal cells supporting tumor progression. Here we demonstrate that in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells, A549 and GLC82, PGE2 promotes nuclear translocation of epidermal growth factor receptor (nEGFR), affects gene expression and induces cell growth. Indeed, cyclin D1, COX-2, iNOS and c-Myc mRNA levels are upregulated following PGE2 treatment. The nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of EGFR as well as its tyrosine kinase activity are required for the effect of PGE2 on nEGFR and downstream signaling activities. PGE2 binds its bona fide receptor EP3 which by activating SRC family kinases, induces ADAMs activation which, in turn, releases EGFR-ligands from the cell membrane and promotes nEGFR. Amphiregulin (AREG) and Epiregulin (EREG) appear to be involved in nEGFR promoted by the PGE2/EP3-SRC axis. Pharmacological inhibition or silencing of the PGE2/EP3/SRC-ADAMs signaling axis or EGFR ligands i.e. AREG and EREG expression abolishes nEGFR induced by PGE2. In conclusion, PGE2 induces NSCLC cell proliferation by EP3 receptor, SRC-ADAMs activation, EGFR ligands shedding and finally, phosphorylation and nEGFR. Since nuclear EGFR is a hallmark of cancer aggressiveness, our findings reveal a novel mechanism for the contribution of PGE2 to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bazzani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Department of Biomedizin, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Finetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Marina Ziche
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
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10
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Gonzalez AA, Salinas-Parra N, Leach D, Navar LG, Prieto MC. PGE 2 upregulates renin through E-prostanoid receptor 1 via PKC/cAMP/CREB pathway in M-1 cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F1038-F1049. [PMID: 28701311 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00194.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early phase of ANG II-dependent hypertension, tubular PGE2 is increased. Renin synthesis and secretion in the collecting duct (CD) are upregulated by ANG II, contributing to further intratubular ANG II formation. However, what happens first and whether the triggering mechanism is independent of tubular ANG II remain unknown. PGE2 stimulates renin synthesis in juxtaglomerular cells via E-prostanoid (EP) receptors through the cAMP/cAMP-responsive element-binding (CREB) pathway. EP receptors are also expressed in the CD. Here, we tested the hypothesis that renin is upregulated by PGE2 in CD cells. The M-1 CD cell line expressed EP1, EP3, and EP4 but not EP2. Dose-response experiments, in the presence of ANG II type 1 receptor blockade with candesartan, demonstrated that 10-6 M PGE2 maximally increases renin mRNA (approximately 4-fold) and prorenin/renin protein levels (approximately 2-fold). This response was prevented by micromolar doses of SC-19220 (EP1 antagonist), attenuated by the EP4 antagonist, L-161982, and exacerbated by the highly selective EP3 antagonist, L-798106 (~10-fold increase). To evaluate further the signaling pathway involved, we used the PKC inhibitor calphostin C and transfections with PKCα dominant negative. Both strategies blunted the PGE2-induced increases in cAMP levels, CREB phosphorylation, and augmentation of renin. Knockdown of the EP1 receptor and CREB also prevented renin upregulation. These results indicate that PGE2 increases CD renin expression through the EP1 receptor via the PKC/cAMP/CREB pathway. Therefore, we conclude that during the early stages of ANG II-dependent hypertension, there is augmentation of PGE2 that stimulates renin in the CD, resulting in increased tubular ANG II formation and further stimulation of renin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile;
| | - Nicolas Salinas-Parra
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Dan Leach
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - L Gabriel Navar
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and.,Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Minolfa C Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and.,Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Hesperidin alleviates rat postoperative ileus through anti-inflammation and stimulation of Ca(2+)-dependent myosin phosphorylation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1091-100. [PMID: 27345626 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Postoperative ileus (POI) is a postoperative dysmotility disorder of gastrointestinal tract, which remains one of the most perplexing problems in medicine. In the present study we investigated the effects of hesperidin, a major flavonoid in sweet oranges and lemons, on POI in rats. METHODS SD rats were administered hesperidin (5, 20, and 80 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ig) for 3 consecutive days. POI operation (gently manipulating the cecum for 1 min) was performed on d 2. The gastrointestinal motility and isolated intestinal contraction were examined 1 d after the operation. Then the myosin phosphorylation and inflammatory responses in cecum tissue were assessed. Smooth muscle cells were isolated from rat small intestine for in vitro experiments. RESULTS The gastric emptying and intestinal transit were significantly decreased in POI rats, which were reversed by administration of hesperidin. In ileum and cecum preparations of POI rats in vitro, hesperidin (2.5-160 μmol/L) dose-dependently increased the spontaneous contraction amplitudes without affecting the contractile frequency, which was blocked by the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor ML-7 or verapamil, but not by TTX. Furthermore, administration of hesperidin increased the phosphorylation of MLC20 in the cecum tissue of POI rats. Moreover, administration of hesperidin reversed the increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, iNOS and COX-2 in cecum tissue of POI rats. In freshly isolated intestinal smooth muscle cells, hesperidin (5-80 μmol/L) dose-dependently increased the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration as well as the phosphorylation of MLC20, which was abrogated by ML-7 or siRNA that knocked down MLCK. CONCLUSION Oral administration of hesperidin effectively alleviates rat POI through inhibition of inflammatory responses and stimulation of Ca(2+)-dependent MLC phosphorylation.
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12
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Xia Y, Khalil RA. Pregnancy-associated adaptations in [Ca2+]i-dependent and Ca2+ sensitization mechanisms of venous contraction: implications in pregnancy-related venous disorders. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1851-65. [PMID: 27199130 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00876.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with significant adaptations in the maternal hemodynamics and arterial circulation, but the changes in the venous mechanisms during pregnancy are less clear. We hypothesized that pregnancy is associated with alterations in venous function, intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), and Ca(2+)-dependent mechanisms of venous contraction. Circular segments of inferior vena cava (IVC) from virgin and late pregnant (Preg, day 19) Sprague-Dawley rats were suspended between two hooks, labeled with fura-2, and placed in a cuvet inside a spectrofluorometer for simultaneous measurement of contraction and [Ca(2+)]i (fura-2 340/380 ratio). KCl (96 mM), which stimulates Ca(2+) influx, caused less contraction (35.6 ± 6.3 vs. 92.6 ± 19.9 mg/mg tissue) and smaller increases in [Ca(2+)]i (1.67 ± 0.12 vs. 2.19 ± 0.11) in Preg vs. virgin rat IVC. The α-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine (Phe; 10(-5) M) caused less contraction (23.8 ± 3.4 vs. 70.9 ± 12.9 mg/mg tissue) and comparable increases in [Ca(2+)]i (1.76 ± 0.10 vs. 1.89 ± 0.08) in Preg vs. virgin rat IVC. At increasing extracellular Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)]e) (0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 1, and 2.5 mM), KCl and Phe induced [Ca(2+)]e-contraction and [Ca(2+)]e-[Ca(2+)]i curves that were reduced in Preg vs. virgin IVC, supporting reduced Ca(2+) entry mechanisms. The [Ca(2+)]e-contraction and [Ca(2+)]e-[Ca(2+)]i curves were used to construct the [Ca(2+)]i-contraction relationship. Despite reduced contraction and [Ca(2+)]i in Preg IVC, the Phe-induced [Ca(2+)]i-contraction relationship was greater than that of KCl and was enhanced in Preg vs. virgin IVC, suggesting parallel activation of Ca(2+)-sensitization pathways. The Ca(2+) channel blocker diltiazem, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF-109203X, and Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y27632 inhibited KCl- and Phe-induced contraction and abolished the shift in the Phe [Ca(2+)]i-contraction relationship in Preg IVC, suggesting an interplay between the decrease in Ca(2+) influx and possible compensatory activation of PKC- and ROCK-mediated Ca(2+)-sensitization pathways. The reduced [Ca(2+)]i and [Ca(2+)]i-dependent contraction in Preg rat IVC, despite the parallel rescue activation of Ca(2+)-sensitization pathways, suggests that the observed reduction in [Ca(2+)]i-dependent contraction mechanisms is likely underestimated, and that the veins without the rescue Ca(2+)-sensitization pathways could be even more prone to dilation during pregnancy. These pregnancy-associated reductions in Ca(2+) entry-dependent mechanisms of venous contraction, if occurring in human lower extremity veins and if not adequately compensated by Ca(2+)-sensitization pathways, may play a role in pregnancy-related venous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xia
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of General Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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13
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Kraemer MP, Choi H, Reese J, Lamb FS, Breyer RM. Regulation of arterial reactivity by concurrent signaling through the E-prostanoid receptor 3 and angiotensin receptor 1. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 84:47-54. [PMID: 27260940 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a cyclooxygenase metabolite that generally acts as a systemic vasodepressor, has been shown to have vasopressor effects under certain physiologic conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated that PGE2 receptor signaling modulates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension, but the interaction of these two systems in the regulation of vascular reactivity is incompletely characterized. We hypothesized that Ang II, a principal effector of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, potentiates PGE2-mediated vasoconstriction. Here we demonstrate that pre-treatment of arterial rings with 1nM Ang II potentiated PGE2-evoked constriction in a concentration dependent manner (AUC-Ang II 2.778±2.091, AUC+Ang II 22.830±8.560, ***P<0.001). Using genetic deletion models and pharmacological antagonists, we demonstrate that this potentiation effect is mediated via concurrent signaling between the angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1) and the PGE2 E-prostanoid receptor 3 (EP3) in the mouse femoral artery. EP3 receptor-mediated vasoconstriction is shown to be dependent on extracellular calcium in combination with proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) and Rho-kinase. Thus, our findings reveal a novel mechanism through which Ang II and PGE2 regulate peripheral vascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Kraemer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Hyehun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jeff Reese
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Fred S Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Richard M Breyer
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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14
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Hiyama A, Yokoyama K, Nukaga T, Sakai D, Mochida J. Response to tumor necrosis factor-α mediated inflammation involving activation of prostaglandin E2 and Wnt signaling in nucleus pulposus cells. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1756-68. [PMID: 26123748 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors designated E-prostanoid (EP) receptors that mediate intracellular signaling by multiple pathways. However, it is not known whether crosstalk between tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)-PGE2 -mediated signaling and Wnt signaling plays a role in the regulation of intervertebral disc (IVD) cells. In this study, we investigated the relationship between TNF-α-PGE2 signaling and Wnt signaling in IVD cells. TNF-α increased the expression of COX-2 in IVD cells. The EP receptors EP1, EP3, and EP4 were expressed in IVD cells, and TNF-α significantly increased PGE2 production. Stimulation with TNF-α also upregulated EP3 and EP4 mRNA and protein expression in IVD cells. The inductive effect of the EP3 and EP4 receptors on Topflash promoter activity was confirmed through gain- and loss-of-function studies using selective EP agonists and antagonists. PGE2 treatment activated Wnt-β-catenin signaling through activation of EP3. We conclude that TNF-α-induced COX-2 and PGE2 stimulate Wnt signaling and activate Wnt target genes. Suppression of the EP3 receptor via TNF-α-PGE2 signaling seems to suppress IVD degeneration by controlling the activation of Wnt signaling. These findings may help identify the underlying mechanism and role of Wnt signaling in IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Katsuya Yokoyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nukaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Joji Mochida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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15
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Chen D, Xiong Y, Lin Y, Tang Z, Wang J, Wang L, Yao J. Capsaicin alleviates abnormal intestinal motility through regulation of enteric motor neurons and MLCK activity: Relevance to intestinal motility disorders. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1482-90. [PMID: 26011134 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Capsaicin is an active component of chili peppers, having diverse effects. However, the effects of capsaicin on intestinal motility are still controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of capsaicin on intestinal motility disorder and uncover related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND RESULTS A rat model with intestinal motility disorder was established in vitro through adding different stimuli into tissue bath; in vivo using constipation and diarrhea model, respectively. Capsaicin exerted dual effects on intestinal motility, i.e. the relaxation and contraction of jejunum induced by corresponding stimulus were, respectively, regulated to be normal contraction by capsaicin. The mechanisms underlined capsaicin-induced dual effects were investigated using Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and whole-cell patch clamp, respectively. Results showed that cholinergic excitatory nerves, adrenergic nerves, and neurons containing nitric oxide synthase, which are the main muscle motor neurons in enteric nervous system (ENS), are involved in capsaicin-induced dual effects. The competition for regulation of Ca(2+) influx by capsaicin induced the interaction with components of the ENS. Capsaicin significantly increased myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) expression and myosin phosphorylation extent in jejunal segments of constipation-prominent rats and significantly decreased MLCK expression and myosin phosphorylation extent in jejunal segments of diarrhea-prominent rats. CONCLUSION In summary, capsaicin alleviates abnormal intestinal motility through regulating enteric motor neurons and MLCK activity, which is beneficial for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.,Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yongjian Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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16
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Gutierrez-Uzquiza A, Lopez-Haber C, Jernigan DL, Fatatis A, Kazanietz MG. PKCε Is an Essential Mediator of Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1336-46. [PMID: 26023164 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The bone is a preferred site for metastatic homing of prostate cancer cells. Once prostate cancer patients develop skeletal metastases, they eventually succumb to the disease; therefore, it is imperative to identify key molecular drivers of this process. This study examines the involvement of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε), an oncogenic protein that is abnormally overexpressed in human tumor specimens and cell lines, on prostate cancer cell bone metastasis. PC3-ML cells, a highly invasive prostate cancer PC3 derivative with bone metastatic colonization properties, failed to induce skeletal metastatic foci upon inoculation into nude mice when PKCε expression was silenced using shRNA. Interestingly, while PKCε depletion had only marginal effects on the proliferative, adhesive, and migratory capacities of PC3-ML cells in vitro or in the growth of xenografts upon s.c. inoculation, it caused a significant reduction in cell invasiveness. Notably, PKCε was required for transendothelial cell migration (TEM) as well as for the growth of PC3-ML cells in a bone biomimetic environment. At a mechanistic level, PKCε depletion abrogates the expression of IL1β, a cytokine implicated in skeletal metastasis. Taken together, PKCε is a key factor for driving the formation of bone metastasis by prostate cancer cells and is a potential therapeutic target for advanced stages of the disease. IMPLICATIONS This study uncovers an important new function of PKCε in the dissemination of cancer cells to the bone; thus, highlighting the promising potential of this oncogenic kinase as a therapeutic target for skeletal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gutierrez-Uzquiza
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia Lopez-Haber
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Danielle L Jernigan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Program in Biology of Prostate Cancer, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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17
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Przygodzki T, Talar M, Przygodzka P, Watala C. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 causes a decrease in coronary flow in diabetic mice. The possible role of PGE2 and dysfunctional vasodilation mediated by prostacyclin receptor. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:351-8. [PMID: 25940857 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity can have a beneficial role in the maintenance of vascular tone of the blood vessels in diabetes. Specifically, the increased production of prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), mediated by COX-2, has been suggested to compensate for decreased synthesis of nitric oxide (NO). The study investigates whether inhibition of COX-2 may reduce the coronary flow in diabetic animals and may also lead to decreased synthesis of prostaglandins. Mice aged 18-20 weeks were used for the study: those with leptin receptor deficiency (db/db) served as a model of diabetes while heterozygous (db/+) mice served as controls. Coronary flow was measured by the Langendorff method, and prostaglandin synthesis by myocardia was assayed in heart perfusates. COX-2 inhibition was found to reduce basal coronary flow in db/db mice but had no effect in db/+ mice. Secretion of PGE2 was found to be higher in db/db mice, while prostacyclin synthesis did not differ. COX-2 inhibition decreased production of both prostaglandins to similar levels in both groups. The use of ONO-1301, a specific agonist for the prostacyclin receptor revealed that vasodilating responses mediated by the receptor were impaired in db/db mice. The expression levels of the receptor in cardiac tissue did not differ between the groups. It is concluded that the increased COX-2 contribution to vasodilation in diabetic animals appears to be partially a result of increased COX-2-dependent synthesis of PGE2 and also may be caused by impaired vasodilation mediated by the prostacyclin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Przygodzki
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 92-215, Poland,
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18
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Lu A, Zuo C, He Y, Chen G, Piao L, Zhang J, Xiao B, Shen Y, Tang J, Kong D, Alberti S, Chen D, Zuo S, Zhang Q, Yan S, Fei X, Yuan F, Zhou B, Duan S, Yu Y, Lazarus M, Su Y, Breyer RM, Funk CD, Yu Y. EP3 receptor deficiency attenuates pulmonary hypertension through suppression of Rho/TGF-β1 signaling. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1228-42. [PMID: 25664856 DOI: 10.1172/jci77656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is commonly associated with chronic hypoxemia in disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Prostacyclin analogs are widely used in the management of PAH patients; however, clinical efficacy and long-term tolerability of some prostacyclin analogs may be compromised by concomitant activation of the E-prostanoid 3 (EP3) receptor. Here, we found that EP3 expression is upregulated in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and human distal pulmonary arteries (PAs) in response to hypoxia. Either pharmacological inhibition of EP3 or Ep3 deletion attenuated both hypoxia and monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and restrained extracellular matrix accumulation in PAs in rodent models. In a murine PAH model, Ep3 deletion in SMCs, but not endothelial cells, retarded PA medial thickness. Knockdown of EP3α and EP3β, but not EP3γ, isoforms diminished hypoxia-induced TGF-β1 activation. Expression of either EP3α or EP3β in EP3-deficient PASMCs restored TGF-β1 activation in response to hypoxia. EP3α/β activation in PASMCs increased RhoA-dependent membrane type 1 extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) translocation to the cell surface, subsequently activating pro-MMP-2 and promoting TGF-β1 signaling. Activation or disruption of EP3 did not influence PASMC proliferation. Together, our results indicate that EP3 activation facilitates hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension in mice and suggest EP3 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for pulmonary hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cells, Cultured
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/physiology
- Vascular Remodeling
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
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19
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Valtcheva MV, Davidson S, Zhao C, Leitges M, Gereau RW. Protein kinase Cδ mediates histamine-evoked itch and responses in pruriceptors. Mol Pain 2015; 11:1. [PMID: 25558916 PMCID: PMC4298070 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-11-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Itch-producing compounds stimulate receptors expressed on small diameter fibers that innervate the skin. Many of the currently known pruritogen receptors are Gq Protein-Coupled Receptors (GqPCR), which activate Protein Kinase C (PKC). Specific isoforms of PKC have been previously shown to perform selective functions; however, the roles of PKC isoforms in regulating itch remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the novel PKC isoform PKCδ as an intracellular modulator of itch signaling in response to histamine and the non-histaminergic pruritogens chloroquine and β-alanine. Results Behavioral experiments indicate that PKCδ knock-out (KO) mice have a 40% reduction in histamine-induced scratching when compared to their wild type littermates. On the other hand, there were no differences between the two groups in scratching induced by the MRGPR agonists chloroquine or β-alanine. PKCδ was present in small diameter dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Of PKCδ-expressing neurons, 55% also stained for the non-peptidergic marker IB4, while a smaller percentage (15%) expressed the peptidergic marker CGRP. Twenty-nine percent of PKCδ-expressing neurons also expressed TRPV1. Calcium imaging studies of acutely dissociated DRG neurons from PKCδ-KO mice show a 40% reduction in the total number of neurons responsive to histamine. In contrast, there was no difference in the number of capsaicin-responsive neurons between KO and WT animals. Acute pharmacological inhibition of PKCδ with an isoform-specific peptide inhibitor (δV1-1) also significantly reduced the number of histamine-responsive sensory neurons. Conclusions Our findings indicate that PKCδ plays a role in mediating histamine-induced itch, but may be dispensable for chloroquine- and β-alanine-induced itch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert W Gereau
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St, Louis, 660 S, Euclid Ave, Box 8054, 63110 St, Louis, MO, USA.
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20
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Trau HA, Davis JS, Duffy DM. Angiogenesis in the primate ovulatory follicle is stimulated by luteinizing hormone via prostaglandin E2. Biol Reprod 2014; 92:15. [PMID: 25376231 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.123711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid angiogenesis occurs as the ovulatory follicle is transformed into the corpus luteum. To determine if luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) regulates angiogenesis in the ovulatory follicle, cynomolgus macaques received gonadotropins to stimulate multiple follicular development and chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) substituted for the LH surge to initiate ovulatory events. Before hCG, vascular endothelial cells were present in the perifollicular stroma but not amongst granulosa cells. Endothelial cells entered the granulosa cell layer 24-36 h after hCG, concomitant with the rise in follicular PGE2 and prior to ovulation, which occurs about 40 h after hCG. Intrafollicular administration of the PG synthesis inhibitor indomethacin was coupled with PGE2 replacement to demonstrate that indomethacin blocked and PGE2 restored follicular angiogenesis in a single, naturally developed monkey follicle in vivo. Intrafollicular administration of indomethacin plus an agonist selective for a single PGE2 receptor showed that PTGER1 and PTGER2 agonists most effectively stimulated angiogenesis within the granulosa cell layer. Endothelial cell tracing and three-dimensional reconstruction indicated that these capillary networks form via branching angiogenesis. To further explore how PGE2 mediates follicular angiogenesis, monkey ovarian microvascular endothelial cells (mOMECs) were isolated from ovulatory follicles. The mOMECs expressed all four PGE2 receptors in vitro. PGE2 and all PTGER agonists increased mOMEC migration. PTGER1 and PTGER2 agonists promoted sprout formation while the PTGER3 agonist inhibited sprouting in vitro. While PTGER1 and PTGER2 likely promote the formation of new capillaries, each PGE2 receptor may mediate aspects of PGE2's actions and, therefore, LH's ability to regulate angiogenesis in the primate ovulatory follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Trau
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - John S Davis
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Diane M Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
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21
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Pantazaka E, Taylor EJA, Bernard WG, Taylor CW. Ca(2+) signals evoked by histamine H1 receptors are attenuated by activation of prostaglandin EP2 and EP4 receptors in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1624-34. [PMID: 23638853 PMCID: PMC3724117 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Histamine and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), directly and via their effects on other cells, regulate the behaviour of vascular smooth muscle (VSM), but their effects on human VSM are incompletely resolved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of PGE2 on histamine-evoked changes in intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+) ]i ) and adenylyl cyclase activity were measured in populations of cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Selective ligands of histamine and EP receptors were used to identify the receptors that mediate the responses. KEY RESULTS Histamine, via H1 receptors, stimulates an increase in [Ca(2+) ]i that is entirely mediated by activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. Selective stimulation of EP2 or EP4 receptors attenuates histamine-evoked Ca(2+) signals, but the effects of PGE2 on both Ca(2+) signals and AC activity are largely mediated by EP2 receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Two important inflammatory mediators, histamine via H1 receptors and PGE2 acting largely via EP2 receptors, exert opposing effects on [Ca(2+) ]i in human ASMCs.
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22
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Omori K, Kida T, Hori M, Ozaki H, Murata T. Multiple roles of the PGE2 -EP receptor signal in vascular permeability. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4879-89. [PMID: 24923772 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE PGE2 is a major prostanoid that regulates inflammation by stimulating EP1-4 receptors. However, how PGE2 induces an initial inflammatory response to vascular hyper-permeability remains unknown. Here we investigated the role of the PGE2 -EP receptor signal in modulating vascular permeability both in vivo and in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used a modified Miles assay and intravital microscopy to examine vascular permeability in vivo. Endothelial barrier property was assessed by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) in vitro. KEY RESULTS Local administration of PGE2 , an EP2 or EP4 receptor agonist into FVB/NJcl mouse ear skin caused vascular leakage, indicated by dye extravasation. Intravital microscopy and laser Doppler blood-flow imaging revealed that these treatments dilated peripheral vessels and increased local blood flow. Pretreatment with the vasoconstrictor phenylephrine inhibited the PGE2 -induced blood flow increase and vascular leakage. In contrast to the EP2 and EP4 receptor agonists, administration of an EP3 receptor agonist suppressed vascular leakage without altering vascular diameter or blood flow. In isolated HUVECs, the EP3 receptor agonist elevated TER and blocked thrombin-induced dextran passage. Inhibiting PKA restored the hypo-permeability induced by the EP3 receptor agonist. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of the PGE2 -EP2 or -EP4 receptor signal induces vasodilatation in mural cells, resulting in increased local blood flow and hyper-permeability. In contrast, activation of the PGE2 -EP3 receptor signal induces a cAMP-dependent enhancement of the endothelial barrier, leading to hypo-permeability. We provide the first evidence that endothelial cells and mural cells cooperate to modulate vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Omori
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Iizuka Y, Kuwahara A, Karaki SI. Role of PGE2 in the colonic motility: PGE2 generates and enhances spontaneous contractions of longitudinal smooth muscle in the rat colon. J Physiol Sci 2014; 64:85-96. [PMID: 24170253 PMCID: PMC10717406 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine which PGE2 receptors (EP1-4 receptors) influence colonic motility. Mucosa-free longitudinal smooth muscle strips of the rat middle colon spontaneously induced frequent phasic contractions (giant contractions, GCs) in vitro, and the GCs were almost completely abolished by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, piroxicam, and by an EP3 receptor antagonist, ONO-AE3-240, but enhanced by tetrodotoxin (TTX). In the presence of piroxicam, exogenous PGE2, both ONO-AE-248 (EP3 agonist), and ONO-DI-004 (EP1 agonist) induced GC-like contractions, and increased the frequency and amplitude. These effects of EP receptor agonists were insensitive to TTX and ω-conotoxins. In immunohistochemistry, the EP1 and EP3 receptors were expressed in the longitudinal smooth muscle cells. These results suggest that the endogenous PGE2 spontaneously generates and enhances the frequent phasic contractions directly activating the EP1 and EP3 receptors expressed on longitudinal smooth muscle cells in the rat middle colon.
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MESH Headings
- Alprostadil/analogs & derivatives
- Alprostadil/pharmacology
- Animals
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/metabolism
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Dinoprostone/analogs & derivatives
- Dinoprostone/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Piroxicam/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Iizuka
- Laboratory of Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences/Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
- Department of Nutrition, National Hospital Organization Shizuoka Medical Center, 762-1 Nagasawa, Shimizu-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-0915 Japan
| | - Atsukazu Kuwahara
- Laboratory of Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences/Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Karaki
- Laboratory of Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences/Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan
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Liu FF, Chen DP, Xiong YJ, Lv BC, Lin Y. Characteristics of diprophylline-induced bidirectional modulation on rat jejunal contractility. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:47-53. [PMID: 24634596 PMCID: PMC3951823 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we propose that diprophylline exerts bidirectional modulation (BM) on the isolated rat jejunal segment depending on its contractile state. The results supported the hypothesis. Diprophylline (20 µM) exerted stimulatory effects on the contractility of jejunal segment in six low contractile states while inhibitory effects in six high contractile states, showing the characteristics of BM. Diprophylline-induced stimulatory effect was significantly blocked by atropine, indicating the correlation with cholinergic activation. Diprophylline-induced inhibitory effect was partially blocked by phentolamine, propranolol, and L-N-Nitro-Arginine respectively, indicating their correlation with sympathetic activation and nitric oxide-mediated relaxing mechanisms. Diprophylline-induced BM was abolished by tetrodotoxin or in a Ca2+ free condition or pretreated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, suggesting that diprophylline-induced BM is Ca2+ dependent, and that it requires the presence of enteric nervous system as well as pacemaker activity of interstitial cells of Cajal. Diprophylline significantly increased the reduced MLCK expression and myosin extent in constipation-prominent rats and significantly decreased the increased MLCK expression and myosin extent in diarrhea-prominent rats, suggesting that the change of MLCK expression may also be involved in diprophylline-induced BM on rat jejunal contractility. In summary, diprophylline-exerted BM depends on the contractile states of the jejunal segments, requires the presence of Ca2+, enteric nervous system, pacemaker activity of interstitial cells of Cajal, and MLCK-correlated myosin phosphorylation. The results suggest the potential implication of diprophylline in relieving alternative hypo/hyper intestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Da-Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yong-Jian Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bo-Chao Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Chen D, Xiong Y, Jiang C, Lv B, Liu F, Wang L, Lin Y. Effects of ginsenosides on rat jejunal contractility. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:162-168. [PMID: 24073926 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.821137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ginsenosides are primary active ingredients of ginseng, which are believed to have various health benefits. It is found that the biotransformation of ginsenosides mainly takes place in the gastrointestinal tract and the information about ginsenosides-exerted effects on intestinal contractility is not sufficient. AIMS The present study proposed that ginsenosides could exert stimulatory or inhibitory effects on intestinal motility depending on the assay condition-related intestinal contractile states and was to characterize the effects of ginsenosides on intestinal motility. METHODS Jejunal contractility determination, Western blotting analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to test the effects of total ginsenosides isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Mey (Araliaceae) root. RESULTS The results showed that ginsenosides at the fixed concentration of 20 mg/L exerted bidirectional regulation (BR) on the contractility of isolated jejunal segment (IJS), depending on the contractile states. The contractility of IJS was increased by ginsenosides in low contractile states, which were correlated to the cholinergic activation, and the contractility of IJS was decreased by ginsenosides in high contractile states, which were correlated to the adrenergic activation and nitric oxide related mechanisms. Ginsenosides-induced BR was abolished in the absence of Ca(2+) or by using tetrodotoxin, implicating the requirement of Ca(2+) and the enteric nervous system. Effects of ginsenosides on myosin light chain phosphorylation and the mRNA expression of myosin light chain kinase were also bidirectional. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Results suggest that ginsenosides may have the potential clinical implication for reliving the symptoms of alternative hypo- and hyper-intestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
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26
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Kida T, Sawada K, Kobayashi K, Hori M, Ozaki H, Murata T. Diverse effects of prostaglandin E₂ on vascular contractility. Heart Vessels 2013; 29:390-5. [PMID: 23748433 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-013-0374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) is a major prostanoid produced under inflammatory situations. There have been controversial reports showing contractile or relaxant effect of PGE₂ on vascular tone in various types of blood vessels. Thus, it is still elusive whether and how PGE₂ modulates vascular tone. We here assessed the effects of PGE₂ on vascular contractility using different types of vasculatures isolated form rat. In endothelium-denuded aortas and mesenteric arteries, PGE₂ (1 nM-10 μM) concentration-dependently enhanced the contraction elicited by K(+) (35.4 mM) or norepinephrine (10 nM). In pulmonary arteries, PGE₂ did not alter the both-induced contraction. Tail arteries were relaxed by a low dose of PGE₂ (1-100 nM), but this response shifted to contraction by the higher dose of PGE₂ (300 nM-10 μM). There are four types of PGE₂ receptors EP1-4. RT-PCR showed that aortas and mesenteric arteries abundantly expressed EP3, while tail arteries abundantly expressed EP4. We next revealed that selective EP3 agonism enhanced the contraction in mesenteric arteries, whereas EP4 agonism induced relaxation in tail arteries. Taken together, PGE₂ causes different contractile responses depending on the type of vascular bed. This phenomenon may be due to the difference in expression pattern and activity of EP receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kida
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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27
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Kimple ME, Keller MP, Rabaglia MR, Pasker RL, Neuman JC, Truchan NA, Brar HK, Attie AD. Prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP3, is induced in diabetic islets and negatively regulates glucose- and hormone-stimulated insulin secretion. Diabetes 2013; 62:1904-12. [PMID: 23349487 PMCID: PMC3661627 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BTBR mice develop severe diabetes in response to genetically induced obesity due to a failure of the β-cells to compensate for peripheral insulin resistance. In analyzing BTBR islet gene expression patterns, we observed that Pgter3, the gene for the prostaglandin E receptor 3 (EP3), was upregulated with diabetes. The EP3 receptor is stimulated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and couples to G-proteins of the Gi subfamily to decrease intracellular cAMP, blunting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Also upregulated were several genes involved in the synthesis of PGE2. We hypothesized that increased signaling through EP3 might be coincident with the development of diabetes and contribute to β-cell dysfunction. We confirmed that the PGE2-to-EP3 signaling pathway was active in islets from confirmed diabetic BTBR mice and human cadaveric donors, with increased EP3 expression, PGE2 production, and function of EP3 agonists and antagonists to modulate cAMP production and GSIS. We also analyzed the impact of EP3 receptor activation on signaling through the glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor. We demonstrated that EP3 agonists antagonize GLP-1 signaling, decreasing the maximal effect that GLP-1 can elicit on cAMP production and GSIS. Taken together, our results identify EP3 as a new therapeutic target for β-cell dysfunction in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E. Kimple
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Corresponding author: Michelle E. Kimple, , or Alan D. Attie,
| | - Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mary R. Rabaglia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Renee L. Pasker
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Joshua C. Neuman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nathan A. Truchan
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Harpreet K. Brar
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Corresponding author: Michelle E. Kimple, , or Alan D. Attie,
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Chen DP, Xiong YJ, Tang ZY, Yao QY, Ye DM, Liu SS, Lin Y. Characteristics of deslanoside-induced modulation on jejunal contractility. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5889-96. [PMID: 23139604 PMCID: PMC3491595 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i41.5889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To characterize the dual effects of deslanoside on the contractility of jejunal smooth muscle.
METHODS: Eight pairs of different low and high contractile states of isolated jejunal smooth muscle fragment (JSMF) were established. Contractile amplitude of JSMF in different low and high contractile states was selected to determine the effects of deslanoside, and Western blotting analysis was performed to measure the effects of deslanoside on myosin phosphorylation of jejunal smooth muscle.
RESULTS: Stimulatory effects on the contractility of JSMF were induced (45.3% ± 4.0% vs 87.0% ± 7.8%, P < 0.01) by deslanoside in 8 low contractile states, and inhibitory effects were induced (180.6% ± 17.8% vs 109.9% ± 10.8%, P < 0.01) on the contractility of JSMF in 8 high contractile states. The effect of deslanoside on the phosphorylation of myosin light chain of JSMF in low (78.1% ± 4.1% vs 96.0% ± 8.1%, P < 0.01) and high contractile state (139.2% ± 8.5% vs 105.5 ± 7.34, P < 0.01) was also bidirectional. Bidirectional regulation (BR) was abolished in the presence of tetrodotoxin. Deslanoside did not affect jejunal contractility pretreated with the Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil or in a Ca2+-free assay condition. The stimulatory effect of deslanoside on JSMF in a low contractile state (low Ca2+ induced) was abolished by atropine. The inhibitory effect of deslanoside on jejunal contractility in a high contractile state (high Ca2+ induced) was blocked by phentolamine, propranolol and L-NG-nitro-arginine, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Deslanoside-induced BR is Ca2+ dependent and is related to cholinergic and adrenergic systems when JSMF is in low or high contractile states.
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29
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Distinct roles of central and peripheral prostaglandin E2 and EP subtypes in blood pressure regulation. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:1042-9. [PMID: 22695507 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2012.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is a major prostanoid with a wide variety of biological activities. PGE(2) can influence blood pressure (BP) both positively and negatively. In particular, centrally administered PGE(2) induces hypertension whereas systemic administration of PGE(2) produces a hypotensive effect. These physiologically opposing effects are generated by the existence of multiple EP receptors, namely EP(1-4), which are G protein-coupled receptors with distinct signaling properties. This review highlights the distinct roles of PGE(2) in BP regulation and the involvement of specific EP receptor subtypes.
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30
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Philipose S, Konya V, Lazarevic M, Pasterk LM, Marsche G, Frank S, Peskar BA, Heinemann A, Schuligoi R. Laropiprant attenuates EP3 and TP prostanoid receptor-mediated thrombus formation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40222. [PMID: 22870195 PMCID: PMC3411562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of the lipid lowering agent niacin is hampered by a frequent flush response which is largely mediated by prostaglandin (PG) D2. Therefore, concomitant administration of the D-type prostanoid (DP) receptor antagonist laropiprant has been proposed to be a useful approach in preventing niacin-induced flush. However, antagonizing PGD2, which is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, might pose the risk of atherothrombotic events in cardiovascular disease. In fact, we found that in vitro treatment of platelets with laropiprant prevented the inhibitory effects of PGD2 on platelet function, i.e. platelet aggregation, Ca2+ flux, P-selectin expression, activation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and thrombus formation. In contrast, laropiprant did not prevent the inhibitory effects of acetylsalicylic acid or niacin on thrombus formation. At higher concentrations, laropiprant by itself attenuated platelet activation induced by thromboxane (TP) and E-type prostanoid (EP)-3 receptor stimulation, as demonstrated in assays of platelet aggregation, Ca2+ flux, P-selectin expression, and activation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Inhibition of platelet function exerted by EP4 or I-type prostanoid (IP) receptors was not affected by laropiprant. These in vitro data suggest that niacin/laropiprant for the treatment of dyslipidemias might have a beneficial profile with respect to platelet function and thrombotic events in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Philipose
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Viktoria Konya
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mirjana Lazarevic
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa M. Pasterk
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sasa Frank
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard A. Peskar
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Rufina Schuligoi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Prostaglandin E2 deficiency uncovers a dominant role for thromboxane A2 in house dust mite-induced allergic pulmonary inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:12692-7. [PMID: 22802632 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1207816109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is an abundant lipid inflammatory mediator with potent but incompletely understood anti-inflammatory actions in the lung. Deficient PGE(2) generation in the lung predisposes to airway hyperresponsiveness and aspirin intolerance in asthmatic individuals. PGE(2)-deficient ptges(-/-) mice develop exaggerated pulmonary eosinophilia and pulmonary arteriolar smooth-muscle hyperplasia compared with PGE(2)-sufficient controls when challenged intranasally with a house dust mite extract. We now demonstrate that both pulmonary eosinophilia and vascular remodeling in the setting of PGE(2) deficiency depend on thromboxane A(2) and signaling through the T prostanoid (TP) receptor. Deletion of TP receptors from ptges(-/-) mice reduces inflammation, vascular remodeling, cytokine generation, and airway reactivity to wild-type levels, with contributions from TP receptors localized to both hematopoietic cells and tissue. TP receptor signaling ex vivo is controlled heterologously by E prostanoid (EP)(1) and EP(2) receptor-dependent signaling pathways coupling to protein kinases C and A, respectively. TP-dependent up-regulation of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression is essential for the effects of PGE(2) deficiency. Thus, PGE(2) controls the strength of TP receptor signaling as a major bronchoprotective mechanism, carrying implications for the pathobiology and therapy of asthma.
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32
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Chen D, Xiong Y, Wang L, Lv B, Lin Y. Characteristics of emodin on modulating the contractility of jejunal smooth muscle. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:455-62. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emodin is traditionally used as a laxative and is found to increase or decrease the contractility of intestinal smooth muscle in low doses and high doses, respectively. In this study, we propose that bidirectional regulation (BR) on the contractility of jejunal smooth muscle (CJSM) is inducible by emodin in the absence of control by the central nervous system. The results indicated that emodin-induced BR had the following characteristics. A stimulatory effect on CJSM was induced by emodin at 7 low contractile states, and an inhibitory effect was induced on CJSM at 7 high contractile states. Emodin-induced BR on myosin phosphorylation was also observed. BR was not observed in the presence of tetrodotoxin, suggesting that enteric nervous system is required for producing BR. The stimulatory effect of emodin on CJSM was abolished by atropine and diphenhydramine, respectively, suggesting that BR was correlated with cholinergic and histamine system while jejunal smooth muscle was at low contractile state. The inhibitory effect of emodin on CJSM was abolished by phentolamine, propranolol, and L-NG-nitroarginine (L-NNA), respectively, suggesting that BR was related to adrenergic hyperactivity and with a nitric oxide relaxing mechanism while jejunal smooth muscle was in a high contractile state. The exact mechanism, however, needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 Western Section, Lv-Shun Southern Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yongjian Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 Western Section, Lv-Shun Southern Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 Western Section, Lv-Shun Southern Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bochao Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 Western Section, Lv-Shun Southern Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 Western Section, Lv-Shun Southern Road, Dalian 116044, China
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Ishida K, Matsumoto T, Taguchi K, Kamata K, Kobayashi T. Protein kinase C delta contributes to increase in EP3 agonist-induced contraction in mesenteric arteries from type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Pflugers Arch 2012; 463:593-602. [PMID: 22371141 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), an important and ubiquitously present vasoactive eicosanoid, may either constrict or dilate systemic vascular beds. However, little is known about the vascular contractile responsiveness to and signaling pathways for PGE(2) at the chronic stage of type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that PGE(2)-induced arterial contraction is augmented in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats via the protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) pathway. Here, we investigated the vasoconstrictor effects of PGE(2) and of sulprostone (EP1-/EP3-receptor agonist) in rings cut from superior mesenteric arteries isolated from GK rats (37-44 weeks old). In arteries from GK rats (vs. those from age-matched Wistar rats), examined in the presence of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: 1) the PGE(2)- and sulprostone-induced vasocontractions (which were not blocked by the selective EP1 receptor antagonist sc19220) were enhanced, and these enhancements were suppressed by rottlerin (selective PKCδ inhibitor) but not by Gö6976 (selective PKCα/β inhibitor); 2) the sulprostone-stimulated phosphorylation of PKCδ (at Thr(505)), which yields an active form, was increased and 3) sulprostone-stimulated caldesmon phosphorylations, which are related to isometric force generation in smooth muscle, were increased. The protein expression of EP3 receptor in superior mesenteric arteries was similar between the two groups of rats. Our data suggest that the diabetes-related enhancement of EP3 receptor-mediated vasocontraction results from activation of the PKCδ pathway. Alterations in EP3 receptor-mediated vasocontraction may be important factors in the pathophysiological influences over arterial tone that are present in diabetic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Ishida
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Iwanaga K, Okada M, Murata T, Hori M, Ozaki H. Prostaglandin E2 Promotes Wound-Induced Migration of Intestinal Subepithelial Myofibroblasts via EP2, EP3, and EP4 Prostanoid Receptor Activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:604-11. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.189845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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