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Borghini A, Andreassi MG. Genetic polymorphisms offer insight into the causal role of microRNA in coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2018; 269:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) Polymorphism and the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14010084. [PMID: 28275220 PMCID: PMC5295335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: In recent years, the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) polymorphism has been extensively investigated as a potential risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the results of these studies have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to explore the association between LPL polymorphism and CAD risk. Methods: The literature was searched from electronic databases such as Embase, China Biological Medicine Database, PubMed, Knowledge Infrastructure, and China National Web of Science by the key words “coronary artery disease”, “lipoprotein lipase” and “polymorphism”. All of the studies included in this manuscript met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. An odds ratio (OR) analysis using a 95% confidence interval (CI) was employed to assess the association of the LPL polymorphism with CAD susceptibility. Results: We performed a meta-analysis of 14 case-control studies including HindIII, Ser447X and PvuII polymorphism. A statistically significant increase in the risk of CAD was associated with LPL HindIII polymorphism. This included HindIII H+H+ genotype (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.09–1.49, p = 0.002, I2 = 43%) and H+ allele genotype (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.03–1.58, p = 0.03, I2 = 67%). Ser447X XX genotype (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.33–4.24, p = 0.004, I2 = 53%) was also associated with CAD risk. However, PvuII polymorphism was found to have no significant association with CAD risk. Conclusions: LPL HindIII polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of CAD. For Ser447X polymorphism, it was found that only XX genotype was significantly associated with CAD risk. Furthermore, PvuII polymorphism had no significant association with CAD risk. It was considered that LPL HindIII polymorphism might serve as a potential biomarker for CAD risk.
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Montali A, Truglio G, Martino F, Ceci F, Ferraguti G, Ciociola E, Maranghi M, Gianfagna F, Iacoviello L, Strom R, Lucarelli M, Arca M. Atherogenic dyslipidemia in children: evaluation of clinical, biochemical and genetic aspects. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120099. [PMID: 25897955 PMCID: PMC4405441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The precursors of atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) are not well defined. Therefore, we investigated 62 non-obese, non-diabetic AD and 221 normolipemic children. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and biochemical measures were obtained in index children, their parents and all available siblings. The heritability (h2) of anthropometric and biochemical traits was estimated by SOLAR. Rare and common variants in APOA1 and LPL genes were screened by re-sequencing. Compared to normolipemic, AD children showed increased body mass index, waist circumference, plasma glucose, insulin, ApoB, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP and lower adiponectin (p<0.001 for all). Metabolic syndrome was present in 40% of AD while absent in controls. All traits (except adiponectin and hs-CRP) showed a strong familial aggregation, with plasma glucose having the highest heritability (89%). Overall, 4 LPL loss-of-function mutations were detected (p.Asp9Asn, p.Ser45Asn, p.Asn291Ser, p.Leu365Val) and their cumulative prevalence was higher in AD than in control children (0.073 vs. 0.026; P=0.038). The LPL p.S447* gain-of-function mutation, resulted to be less frequent in AD than in control children (0.064 vs. 0.126; P=0.082). No variant in the APOA1 gene was found. Our data indicate that AD is a rather common dyslipidemia in childhood; it associates with metabolic abnormalities typical of insulin resistant state and shows a strong familial aggregation. LPL variants may contribute to the development of AD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Montali
- Department of Internal Medicine and Allied Sciences, Atherosclerosis Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gessica Truglio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Allied Sciences, Atherosclerosis Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Ceci
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Ciociola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Allied Sciences, Atherosclerosis Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Maranghi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Allied Sciences, Atherosclerosis Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Centro Ricerche Epidemiologia e Medicina Preventiva, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Laboratory of Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Laboratory of Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Roberto Strom
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute—Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Arca
- Department of Internal Medicine and Allied Sciences, Atherosclerosis Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Choi S, Korstanje R. Proprotein convertases in high-density lipoprotein metabolism. Biomark Res 2013; 1:27. [PMID: 24252756 PMCID: PMC4177610 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7771-1-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexins (PCSKs) are a serine endopeptidase family. PCSK members cleave amino acid residues and modulate the activity of precursor proteins. Evidence from patients and animal models carrying genetic alterations in PCSK members show that PCSK members are involved in various metabolic processes. These studies further revealed the molecular mechanism by which genetic alteration of some PCSK members impairs normal molecular and physiological functions, which in turn lead to cardiovascular disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is anti-atherogenic as it removes excessive amount of cholesterol from blood and peripheral tissues. Several PCSK members are involved in HDL metabolism. PCSK3, PCSK5, and PCSK6 process two triglyceride lipase family members, endothelial lipase and lipoprotein lipase, which are important for HDL remodeling. Recent studies in our lab found evidence that PCSK1 and PCSK9 are also involved in HDL metabolism. A mouse model carrying an amino acid substitution in PCSK1 showed an increase in serum apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) level. Another mouse model lacking PCSK9 showed a decrease in APOE-containing HDL. In this review, we summarize the role of the five PCSK members in lipid, glucose, and bile acid (BA) metabolism, each of which can influence HDL metabolism. We propose an integrative model in which PCSK members regulate HDL metabolism through various molecular mechanisms and metabolic processes and genetic variation in some PCSK members may affect the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport. PCSK members are considered as attractive therapeutic targets. A greater understanding of the molecular and physiological functions of PCSK members will improve therapeutic strategies and drug efficacy for cardiovascular disease where PCSK members play critical role, with fewer adverse effects.
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