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Zhao L, Yang Y, Liu J, Ding J. Mechanistic insights into benzene oxidation over CuMn 2O 4 catalyst. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128640. [PMID: 35359105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The spinel-type CuMn2O4 catalyst exhibits good catalytic activity towards benzene oxidation, but the catalytic oxidation mechanism is not established. Theoretical calculations were implemented to unearth the reaction mechanism of benzene catalytic oxidation over CuMn2O4 catalyst through density functional theory (DFT). The results indicate that benzene adsorption on both Cu-terminated and Mn-terminated surfaces are controlled by the chemisorption mechanism. The Cu-terminated surface is more active for benzene adsorption than the Mn-terminated surface. Cu atom is regarded as the primary active site. During benzene catalytic oxidation, benzene firstly undergoes dehydrooxidation reaction to generate phenoxy group (C6H6* → C6H5* → C6H5O*). Two reaction channels are responsible for the ring-opening and oxidation reactions of phenoxy group, including benzoquinone- and cyclopentadienyl-dominated channels. In the benzoquinone-dominated channel, C6H4O2* is produced from phenoxy dehydrogenation and oxidation, and then decomposes into acetylene via the ring-opening reaction (C6H4O2* → C4H2O2* → C4H2O4* → C2H2*). Compared with the benzoquinone-dominated channel, the cyclopentadienyl-dominated channel is dominant for phenoxy group oxidation. Phenoxy group decomposes to generate cyclopentadienyl. C5H5* is dehydrogenated and oxidized to form cyclopentadienone. Finally, C5H4O* is oxidized to form carbon dioxide through a nine-step reaction pathway. The ring-opening reaction (C5H4O* → C3H2O*) has the highest energy barrier of 283.45 kJ/mol, and is identified as the rate-determining step of benzene catalytic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yingju Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Junyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Targeting Heme Oxygenase-1 in the Arterial Response to Injury and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090829. [PMID: 32899732 PMCID: PMC7554957 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the degradation of heme into carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin, which is rapidly metabolized to bilirubin. The activation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays a critical role in mediating the aberrant arterial response to injury and a number of vascular diseases. Pharmacological induction or gene transfer of HO-1 improves arterial remodeling in animal models of post-angioplasty restenosis, vascular access failure, atherosclerosis, transplant arteriosclerosis, vein grafting, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, whereas genetic loss of HO-1 exacerbates the remodeling response. The vasoprotection evoked by HO-1 is largely ascribed to the generation of CO and/or the bile pigments, biliverdin and bilirubin, which exert potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, these molecules inhibit vascular SMC proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and phenotypic switching. Several therapeutic strategies are currently being pursued that may allow for the targeting of HO-1 in arterial remodeling in various pathologies, including the use of gene delivery approaches, the development of novel inducers of the enzyme, and the administration of unique formulations of CO and bilirubin.
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Cinegaglia N, Acosta-Navarro J, Rainho C, Antoniazzi L, Mattioli S, Pimentel C, Santos RD, Sandrim V. Association of Omnivorous and Vegetarian Diets With Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Men. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015576. [PMID: 32515251 PMCID: PMC7429062 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Evidence that a vegetarian diet rich in antioxidants contributes to cardiovascular health are growing, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. HO-1 (heme-oxygenase-1), a marker of adaptive response, is protective against oxidative stress and has shown cardioprotective effects. Therefore, we evaluated circulating HO-1 levels and the effect of plasma from omnivorous and vegetarians in endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) on modulating NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2)/HO-1 and nitric oxide production. Methods and Results From 745 participants initially recruited, 44 omnivorous and 44 vegetarian men matched by age and absence of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases were included in this study. Circulating HO-1 was measured using ELISA and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with plasma from omnivorous and vegetarians. Higher circulating HO-1 concentrations were found in omnivorous compared with vegetarians. Plasma from omnivorous and not from vegetarians induced NRF2/HO-1 and nitric oxide production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and increased reactive oxygen species production and caspase activity after incubation with stressor stimulus. Conclusions We suggest that HO-1 induction in omnivorous may indicate a pro-oxidative status since HO-1 is activated under oxidative stress a state not seen in vegetarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Cinegaglia
- Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University - IBB/UNESP Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Julio Acosta-Navarro
- Heart Institute InCor University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital São Paulo Brazil
| | - Claudia Rainho
- Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University - IBB/UNESP Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luiza Antoniazzi
- Heart Institute InCor University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sarah Mattioli
- Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University - IBB/UNESP Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Raul D Santos
- Heart Institute InCor University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital São Paulo Brazil.,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein São Paulo Brazil
| | - Valeria Sandrim
- Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University - IBB/UNESP Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
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The Protective Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Atherosclerotic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153628. [PMID: 31344980 PMCID: PMC6695885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of heme to generate ferrous iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. These products have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-thrombotic properties. Although HO-1 is expressed at low levels in most tissues under basal conditions, it is highly inducible in response to various pathophysiological stresses/stimuli. HO-1 induction is thus thought to be an adaptive defense system that functions to protect cells and tissues against injury in many disease settings. In atherosclerosis, HO-1 may play a protective role against the progression of atherosclerosis, mainly due to the degradation of pro-oxidant heme, the generation of anti-oxidants biliverdin and bilirubin and the production of vasodilator CO. In animal models, a lack of HO-1 was shown to accelerate atherosclerosis, whereas HO-1 induction reduced atherosclerosis. It was also reported that HO-1 induction improved the cardiac function and postinfarction survival in animal models of heart failure or myocardial infarction. Recently, we and others examined blood HO-1 levels in patients with atherosclerotic diseases, e.g., coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Taken together, these findings to date support the notion that HO-1 plays a protective role against the progression of atherosclerotic diseases. This review summarizes the roles of HO-1 in atherosclerosis and focuses on the clinical studies that examined the relationships between HO-1 levels and atherosclerotic diseases.
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Maamoun H, Benameur T, Pintus G, Munusamy S, Agouni A. Crosstalk Between Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress in Endothelial Dysfunction and Aberrant Angiogenesis Associated With Diabetes: A Focus on the Protective Roles of Heme Oxygenase (HO)-1. Front Physiol 2019; 10:70. [PMID: 30804804 PMCID: PMC6378556 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes prevalence is continuing to rise worldwide due to physical inactivity and obesity epidemic. Diabetes and fluctuations of blood sugar are related to multiple micro- and macrovascular complications, that are attributed to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activation and inflammatory processes, which lead to endothelial dysfunction characterized, among other features, by reduced availability of nitric oxide (NO) and aberrant angiogenic capacity. Several enzymatic anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agents have been found to play protective roles against oxidative stress and its downstream signaling pathways. Of particular interest, heme oxygenase (HO) isoforms, specifically HO-1, have attracted much attention as major cytoprotective players in conditions associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. HO operates as a key rate-limiting enzyme in the process of degradation of the iron-containing molecule, heme, yielding the following byproducts: carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin. Because HO-1 induction was linked to pro-oxidant states, it has been regarded as a marker of oxidative stress; however, accumulating evidence has established multiple cytoprotective roles of the enzyme in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The cytoprotective effects of HO-1 depend on several cellular mechanisms including the generation of bilirubin, an anti-oxidant molecule, from the degradation of heme; the induction of ferritin, a strong chelator of free iron; and the release of CO, that displays multiple anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions. The current review article describes the major molecular mechanisms contributing to endothelial dysfunction and altered angiogenesis in diabetes with a special focus on the interplay between oxidative stress and ER stress response. The review summarizes the key cytoprotective roles of HO-1 against hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and aberrant angiogenesis and discusses the major underlying cellular mechanisms associated with its protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Maamoun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Benameur
- College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shankar Munusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Kuroiwa Y, Uchida A, Yamashita A, Miyati T, Maekawa K, Gi T, Noguchi T, Yasuda S, Imamura T, Asada Y. Coronary high-signal-intensity plaques on T 1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging reflect intraplaque hemorrhage. Cardiovasc Pathol 2019; 40:24-31. [PMID: 30797186 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary high-signal-intensity plaques (HIPs) detected by T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging are associated with future cardiovascular events. This study aimed to identify pathological findings reflecting HIPs in coronary arteries obtained from autopsy cases. Formalin-fixed hearts were imaged with noncontrast T1-weighted imaging with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance system. We defined HIPs or non-HIPs as a coronary plaque to myocardial signal intensity ratio (PMR) of ≥1.4 or <1.4, respectively. We found HIPs in 4 of 37 (10.8%) hearts and analyzed 7 hearts in detail. The corresponding sections to HIPs (n=11) or non-HIPs (n=25) were histologically and immunohistochemically analyzed. We calculated the T1 relaxation time of human venous blood in vitro. Plaque and necrotic core areas, and the frequency of intraplaque hemorrhage in HIPs were significantly larger/higher than those in non-HIPs. HIPs were immunopositive for CD68 (11/11), glycophorin A (10/11), and fibrin (11/11). Glycophorin-A-, matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9)-, and tissue factor-immunopositive areas were larger in HIPs than in non-HIPs. The PMR was positively correlated with glycophorin-A-, fibrin-, MMP9-, and tissue factor-immunopositive areas. Blood coagulation shortened the T1 relaxation time of the blood and plasma, and the T1 relaxation times in coagulated whole blood and erythrocyte-rich blood were significantly shorter than those in plasma. Coronary HIPs may reflect intraplaque hemorrhage and may be a novel marker for plaque instability and thrombogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Kuroiwa
- Department of Radiological Technology, Koga General Hospital, 1749-4 Sudaki, Ikeuchi, Miyazaki 880-0041, Japan; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Akiko Uchida
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Tosiaki Miyati
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Kazunari Maekawa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Gi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Teruo Noguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Takuroh Imamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Koga General Hospital, 1749-4 Sudaki, Ikeuchi, Miyazaki 880-0041, Japan
| | - Yujiro Asada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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Nrf2 in aging - Focus on the cardiovascular system. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 112:42-53. [PMID: 30170173 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the most critical risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases and their complications. Therefore, the fine-tuning of cellular response to getting older is an essential target for prospective therapies in cardiovascular medicine. One of the most promising targets might be the transcription factor Nrf2, which drives the expression of cytoprotective and antioxidative genes. Importantly, Nrf2 expression correlates with potential lifespan in rodents. However, the effect of Nrf2 activity in vascular diseases might be ambiguous and strongly depend on the cell type. On the one hand, the Nrf2 activity may protect cells from oxidative stress and senescence, on the other hand, total lack of Nrf2 is protective against atherosclerosis development. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the current knowledge on the role played by the transcription factor Nrf2 in cardiovascular diseases and its potential effects on aging.
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Identification of potential target genes of ROR-alpha in THP1 and HUVEC cell lines. Exp Cell Res 2017; 353:6-15. [PMID: 28238834 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ROR-alpha is a nuclear receptor, activity of which can be modulated by natural or synthetic ligands. Due to its possible involvement in, and potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis, we aimed to identify ROR-alpha target genes in monocytic and endothelial cell lines. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by tiling array (ChIP-on-chip) for ROR-alpha in monocytic cell line THP1 and endothelial cell line HUVEC. Following bioinformatic analysis of the array data, we tested four candidate genes in terms of dependence of their expression level on ligand-mediated ROR-alpha activity, and two of them in terms of promoter occupancy by ROR-alpha. Bioinformatic analyses of ChIP-on-chip data suggested that ROR-alpha binds to genomic regions near the transcription start site (TSS) of more than 3000 genes in THP1 and HUVEC. Potential ROR-alpha target genes in both cell types seem to be involved mainly in membrane receptor activity, signal transduction and ion transport. While SPP1 and IKBKA were shown to be direct target genes of ROR-alpha in THP1 monocytes, inflammation related gene HMOX1 and heat shock protein gene HSPA8 were shown to be potential target genes of ROR-alpha. Our results suggest that ROR-alpha may regulate signaling receptor activity, and transmembrane transport activity through its potential target genes. ROR-alpha seems also to play role in cellular sensitivity to environmental substances like arsenite and chloroprene. Although, the expression analyses have shown that synthetic ROR-alpha ligands can modulate some of potential ROR-alpha target genes, functional significance of ligand-dependent modulation of gene expression needs to be confirmed with further analyses.
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Sigala F, Efentakis P, Karageorgiadi D, Filis K, Zampas P, Iliodromitis EK, Zografos G, Papapetropoulos A, Andreadou I. Reciprocal regulation of eNOS, H 2S and CO-synthesizing enzymes in human atheroma: Correlation with plaque stability and effects of simvastatin. Redox Biol 2017; 12:70-81. [PMID: 28214453 PMCID: PMC5312553 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying plaque destabilization remain obscure. We sought to elucidate the correlation between NO, H2S and CO-generating enzymes, nitro-oxidative stress and plaque stability in carotid arteries. Carotid atherosclerotic plaques were collected from 62 patients who had undergone endarterectomy due to internal artery stenosis. Following histological evaluation the plaques were divided into stable and unstable ones. To investigate the impact of simvastatin we divided patients with stable plaques, into those receiving and to those not receiving simvastatin. Expression and/or levels of p-eNOS/eNOS, pAkt/t-Akt, iNOS, cystathionine beta synthase (CBS), cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), soluble guanyl cyclase sGCα1, sGCβ1, NOX-4 and HIF-1α were evaluated. Oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrotyrosine (NT) were measured. NT levels were decreased in stable plaques with a concomitant increase of eNOS phosphorylation and expression and Akt activation compared to unstable lesions. An increase in HIF-1α, NOX-4, HO-1, iNOS, CBS and CSE expression was observed only in unstable plaques. 78% of patients under simvastatin were diagnosed with stable plaques whereas 23% of those not receiving simvastatin exhibited unstable plaques. Simvastatin decreased iNOS, HO-1, HIF-1α and CSE whilst it increased eNOS phosphorylation. In conclusion, enhanced eNOS and reduced iNOS and NOX-4 were observed in stable plaques; CBS and CSE positively correlated with plaque vulnerability. Simvastatin, besides its known effect on eNOS upregulation, reduced the HIF-1α and its downstream targets. The observed changes might be useful in developing biomarkers of plaque stability or could be targets for pharmacothepary against plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fragiska Sigala
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, First Department of Surgery, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Karageorgiadi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, First Department of Surgery, Athens, Greece; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstadinos Filis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, First Department of Surgery, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevas Zampas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Second University Dept. of Cardiology, Athens, Greece
| | - George Zografos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, First Department of Surgery, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece.
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Maamoun H, Zachariah M, McVey JH, Green FR, Agouni A. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 induction prevents Endoplasmic Reticulum stress-mediated endothelial cell death and impaired angiogenic capacity. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 127:46-59. [PMID: 28012960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most of diabetic cardiovascular complications are attributed to endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and oxidative stresses were shown to play a pivotal role in the development of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) was shown to protect against oxidative stress in diabetes; however, its role in alleviating ER stress-induced endothelial dysfunction remains not fully elucidated. We aim here to test the protective role of HO-1 against high glucose-mediated ER stress and endothelial dysfunction and understand the underlying mechanisms with special emphasis on oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were grown in either physiological or intermittent high concentrations of glucose for 5days in the presence or absence of Cobalt (III) Protoporphyrin IX chloride (CoPP, HO-1 inducer) or 4-Phenyl Butyric Acid (PBA, ER stress inhibitor). Using an integrated cellular and molecular approach, we then assessed ER stress and inflammatory responses, in addition to apoptosis and angiogenic capacity in these cells. Our results show that HO-1 induction prevented high glucose-mediated increase of mRNA and protein expression of key ER stress markers. Cells incubated with high glucose exhibited high levels of oxidative stress, activation of major inflammatory and apoptotic responses [nuclear factor (NF)-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)] and increased rate of apoptosis; however, cells pre-treated with CoPP or PBA were fully protected. In addition, high glucose enhanced caspases 3 and 7 cleavage and activity and augmented cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) expression whereas HO-1 induction prevented these effects. Finally, HO-1 induction and ER stress inhibition prevented high glucose-induced reduction in NO release and impaired the angiogenic capacity of HUVECs, and enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A expression. Altogether, we show here the critical role of ER stress-mediated cell death in diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis and underscore the role of HO-1 induction as a key therapeutic modulator for ER stress response in ischemic disorders and diabetes. Our results also highlight the complex interplay between ER stress response and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Maamoun
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences & Medicine, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Matshediso Zachariah
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences & Medicine, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - John H McVey
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences & Medicine, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona R Green
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences & Medicine, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Qatar University, College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Section, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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11
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Abstract
Heme oxygenases are composed of two isozymes, Hmox1 and Hmox2, that catalyze the degradation of heme to carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin, the latter of which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. While initially considered to be waste products, CO and biliverdin/bilirubin have been shown over the last 20 years to modulate key cellular processes, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as antioxidant defense. This shift in paradigm has led to the importance of heme oxygenases and their products in cell physiology now being well accepted. The identification of the two human cases thus far of heme oxygenase deficiency and the generation of mice deficient in Hmox1 or Hmox2 have reiterated a role for these enzymes in both normal cell function and disease pathogenesis, especially in the context of cardiovascular disease. This review covers the current knowledge on the function of both Hmox1 and Hmox2 at both a cellular and tissue level in the cardiovascular system. Initially, the roles of heme oxygenases in vascular health and the regulation of processes central to vascular diseases are outlined, followed by an evaluation of the role(s) of Hmox1 and Hmox2 in various diseases such as atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, myocardial infarction, and angiogenesis. Finally, the therapeutic potential of heme oxygenases and their products are examined in a cardiovascular disease context, with a focus on how the knowledge we have gained on these enzymes may be capitalized in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ayer
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Roland Stocker
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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12
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Ozturk M, Askın L, Ipek E, Demirelli S, Turan OE, Yıldırım E, Ermis E, Kalkan K, Delice O. The Role of Serum Bilirubin Levels in Predicting Troponin Positivity in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome. Angiology 2016; 68:414-418. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319716659583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Data are scant regarding serum bilirubin levels in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). In this study, we evaluated the role of serum bilirubin levels in NSTE-ACS. We enrolled 782 patients who presented to the emergency department with acute chest pain. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the troponin positivity. Patients with NSTE-ACS who had troponin positivity were included in group 1 (n = 382), and group 2 consisted of the control patients (n = 400). Direct bilirubin (DB) levels (group 1: 0.31 ± 0.37 mg/dL, group 2: 0.20 ± 0.25 mg/dL, P < .001) and total bilirubin (TB) levels (group 1: 0.78 ± 0.56 mg/dL, group 2: 0.62 ± 0.45 mg/dL, P < .001) were significantly higher in group 1. There was a significant and moderate correlation between serum bilirubin levels and admission troponin values ( r = .34, P < .001 for TB and r = .42, P < .001 for DB). These results show that serum bilirubin levels were associated with troponin positivity in patients with NSTE-ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ozturk
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Lutfu Askın
- Department of Cardiology, Palandoken State Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emrah Ipek
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selami Demirelli
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Erkan Yıldırım
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emrah Ermis
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kamuran Kalkan
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Orhan Delice
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Erzurum Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
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Ni L, Wang Z, Yang G, Li T, Liu X, Liu C. Heme oxygenase-1 alleviates cigarette smoke-induced restenosis after vascular angioplasty by attenuating inflammation in rat model. Toxicol Lett 2016; 245:99-105. [PMID: 26809138 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is not only a profound independent risk factor of atherosclerosis, but also aggravates restenosis after vascular angioplasty. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an endogenous antioxidant and cytoprotective enzyme. In this study, we investigated whether HO-1 upregulating by hemin, a potent HO-1 inducer, can protect against cigarette smoke-induced restenosis in rat's carotid arteries after balloon injury. Results showed that cigarette smoke exposure aggravated stenosis of the lumen, promoted infiltration of inflammatory cells, and induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules after balloon-induced carotid artery injury. HO-1 upregulating by hemin treatment reduced these effects of cigarette smoke, whereas the beneficial effects were abolished in the presence of Zincprotoporphyrin IX, an HO-1 inhibitor. To conclude, hemin has potential therapeutic applications in the restenosis prevention after the smokers' vascular angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leng Ni
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 ShuaiFuYuan, DongCheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 ShuaiFuYuan, DongCheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Genhuan Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 ShuaiFuYuan, DongCheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tianjia Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 ShuaiFuYuan, DongCheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinnong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 ShuaiFuYuan, DongCheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Changwei Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 ShuaiFuYuan, DongCheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
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Yang H, Zhao P, Tian S. Clopidogrel Protects Endothelium by Hindering TNFα-Induced VCAM-1 Expression through CaMKKβ/AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:9128050. [PMID: 26824050 PMCID: PMC4707324 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9128050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clopidogrel (INN), an oral antiplatelet drug, has been revealed to have a number of biological properties, for instance, anti-inflammation and antioxidation. Oxidative stress plays an imperative role in inflammation, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and cancer. In the present study, human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were employed to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of INN. INN reduced TNFα-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and time-dependently prompted the expression and activity of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Cellular glutathione (GSH) levels were augmented by INN. shHO-1 blocked the INN suppression of TNFα-induced HL-60 cell adhesion. The CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway and Nrf2 transcriptional factor were implicated in the induction of HO-1 by INN. Additionally, TNFα dramatically augmented VCAM-1 expression at protein and mRNA levels. INN treatment strikingly repressed TNFα-induced expression of VCAM-1 and HL-60 cell adhesion. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, and shNrf2 abolished TNFα-induced expression of VCAM-1 and HL-60 cell adhesion. Our data suggest that INN diminishes TNFα-stimulated VCAM-1 expression at least in part via HO-1 induction, which is CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabing Yang
- School of Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
- Department of Medicine and Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Pengjun Zhao
- Pediatric Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shiliu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- *Shiliu Tian:
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Antioxidation Effect of Simvastatin in Aorta and Hippocampus: A Rabbit Model Fed High-Cholesterol Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6929306. [PMID: 26798426 PMCID: PMC4699013 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6929306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We show that hypercholesterolemia contributes to oxidative stress injury progression in brain and simvastatin counteracts the cholesterol-induced peroxidation injury in rabbit hippocampus, and we demonstrate for the first time that the simvastatin is a critical role in brain protection and identify HO-1 and other related antioxidant enzymes as molecular target for active redox compounds. Second, our experiments have pointed out an association between statin treatment and a decrease in the risk of having peroxidation damage of brain. The balance effects of simvastatin to ROS and antioxidants enzymes network are most probably due to improved SOD functional activity, increase in GSH-Px, increase in HO-1 expression, and decrease of MDA generation.
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16
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CYP2C8-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids decrease oxidative stress-induced endothelial apoptosis in development of atherosclerosis: Role of Nrf2 activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:640-645. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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YANG GENHUAN, LI YANCHUAN, WU WEI, LIU BAO, NI LENG, WANG ZHANQI, MIAO SHIYING, WANG LINFANG, LIU CHANGWEI. Anti-oxidant effect of heme oxygenase-1 on cigarette smoke-induced vascular injury. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2481-6. [PMID: 25955183 PMCID: PMC4463978 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking, a major independent risk factor of atherosclerosis, can cause oxidative and inflammatory damage of vascular tissue. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an endogenous cytoprotective enzyme with an anti-oxidant role in cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether HO-1 was able to protect vascular and endothelial cells from the oxidative damage induced by cigarette smoking. It was observed that cigarette smoking was able to induce the generation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in carotid arteries of rats. Hemin, a widely used HO-1 inducer, was able to reduce the generation of ROS. In addition, when human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in the serum of smoking rats, this was able to increase ROS, and the protective effect of hemin was also observed in this system. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that cigarette smoking causes oxidative damage of vascular cells and HUVECs by inducing the generation of ROS, while HO-1 has an anti-oxidant effect in this course. This also implied that hemin, an inducer of HO-1, may have potential therapeutic applicability in the prevention of vascular diseases caused by cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- GENHUAN YANG
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - YANCHUAN LI
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - WEI WU
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - BAO LIU
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - LENG NI
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - ZHANQI WANG
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - SHIYING MIAO
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - LINFANG WANG
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - CHANGWEI LIU
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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Fredenburgh LE, Merz AA, Cheng S. Haeme oxygenase signalling pathway: implications for cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:1512-8. [PMID: 25827602 PMCID: PMC4475572 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence now points to the haeme oxygenase (HO) pathway as a possible actor in modulating risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In particular, the HO pathway may represent a key endogenous modulator of oxidative, inflammatory, and cytotoxic stress while also exhibiting vasoregulatory properties. In this review, we summarize the accumulating experimental and emerging clinical data indicating how activity of the HO pathway and its products may play a role in mechanisms underlying the development of CVD. We also identify gaps in the literature to date and suggest future directions for investigation. Because HO pathway activity can be influenced not only by genetic traits and environmental stimuli but also by a variety of existing pharmacologic interventions, the pathway could serve as a prime target for reducing the overall burden of CVD. Further work is needed to determine the role of HO pathway products as possible prognostic markers of risk for clinical CVD events and the extent to which therapeutic augmentation or inhibition of HO pathway activity could serve to modify CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison A Merz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
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19
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Daenen KEL, Martens P, Bammens B. Association of HO-1 (GT)n Promoter Polymorphism and Cardiovascular Disease: A Reanalysis of the Literature. Can J Cardiol 2015; 32:160-8. [PMID: 26483091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an inducible heme-degrading enzyme, has antiatherogenic effects through its enzymatic end products. HO-1 gene expression is modulated by a guanidine thymidine dinucleotide ([GT]n) repeat polymorphism in the promoter region. Shorter repeats with (GT)n < 25 are associated with higher inducibility and activity of HO-1. METHODS We performed a systematic review of all literature from 1997 to 2013 on the association of the HO-1 (GT)n and cardiovascular disease (CVD). On the basis of predefined criteria (patient characteristics, genotype data format, allelic distribution, repeat length cutoff) 41 articles were selected. Patients were redistributed into 4 homogeneous subpopulations: patients with CVD (CVD group), patients without CVD (nonCVD), 'controls' with unknown cardiovascular status (unspecified) and children younger than 20 years of age (unselected). Genotype distributions (homozygous short [SS] or long [LL], and heterozygous) of the 4 patient categories were compared and odds ratios (ORs) for CVD were calculated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Overall, the proportion of the SS genotype was lower in CVD compared with nonCVD and unspecified. The ORs for CVD was highest in patients carrying the LL genotype (OR LL vs SS, 1.769 [95% confidence interval, 1.594-1.963]). Furthermore, genotype distribution differed between Caucasian and Asian individuals, the latter having a much higher proportion of the SS genotype (22% vs 11%). CONCLUSIONS This review of the available literature on the epidemiological association between the HO-1 (GT)n repeat polymorphism and CVD supports the presumed protective effects of HO-1. The second but probably even more relevant finding of our review is that racial disparities in HO-1 (GT)n repeat length distribution exist and might influence the associations of the genotype with CVD status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien E L Daenen
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Martens
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Bammens
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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20
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Zrelli H, Kusunoki M, Miyazaki H. Role of Hydroxytyrosol-dependent Regulation of HO-1 Expression in Promoting Wound Healing of Vascular Endothelial Cells via Nrf2 De Novo Synthesis and Stabilization. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1011-8. [PMID: 25870947 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), an olive plant (Olea europaea L.) polyphenol, has proven atheroprotective effects. We previously demonstrated that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is involved in the HT dependent prevention of dysfunction induced by oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Here, we further investigated the signaling pathway of HT-dependent HO-1 expression in VECs. HT dose- and time-dependently increased HO-1 mRNA and protein levels through the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D inhibited both increases, suggesting that HT-triggered HO-1 induction is transcriptionally regulated and that de novo protein synthesis is necessary for this HT effect. HT stimulated nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This Nrf2 accumulation was blocked by actinomycin D and cycloheximide whereas HT in combination with the 26S proteasome inhibitor MG132 enhanced the accumulation. HT also extended the half-life of Nrf2 proteins by decelerating its turnover. Moreover, HO-1 inhibitor, ZnppIX and CO scavenger, hemoglobin impaired HT-dependent wound healing while CORM-2, a CO generator, accelerated wound closure. Together, these data demonstrate that HT upregulates HO-1 expression by stimulating the nuclear accumulation and stabilization of Nrf2, leading to the wound repair of VECs crucial in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Zrelli
- Faculty of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Miki Kusunoki
- Faculty of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyazaki
- Faculty of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
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21
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Andrographolide inhibits TNFα-induced ICAM-1 expression via suppression of NADPH oxidase activation and induction of HO-1 and GCLM expression through the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 and PI3K/Akt/AP-1 pathways in human endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Calay D, Mason JC. The multifunctional role and therapeutic potential of HO-1 in the vascular endothelium. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1789-809. [PMID: 24131232 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Heme oxygenases (HO-1 and HO-2) catalyze the degradation of the pro-oxidant heme into carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. In the vasculature, particular interest has focused on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the inducible HO-1 isoform in the vascular endothelium. This review will present evidence that illustrates the potential therapeutic significance of HO-1 and its products, with special emphasis placed on their beneficial effects on the endothelium in vascular diseases. RECENT ADVANCES The understanding of the molecular basis for the regulation and functions of HO-1 has led to the identification of a variety of drugs that increase HO-1 activity in the vascular endothelium. Moreover, therapeutic delivery of HO-1 products CO, biliverdin, and bilirubin has been shown to have favorable effects, notably on endothelial cells and in animal models of vascular disease. CRITICAL ISSUES To date, mechanistic data identifying the downstream target genes utilized by HO-1 and its products to exert their actions remain relatively sparse. Likewise, studies in man to investigate the efficacy of therapeutics known to induce HO-1 or the consequences of the tissue-specific delivery of CO or biliverdin/bilirubin are rarely performed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Based on the promising in vivo data from animal models, clinical trials to explore the safety and efficacy of the therapeutic induction of HO-1 and the delivery of its products should now be pursued further, targeting, for example, patients with severe atherosclerotic disease, ischemic limbs, restenosis injury, or at high risk of organ rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Calay
- Vascular Sciences Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute , Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and many investigators, even in related disciplines, find many of these genes and the related pathways entirely foreign. Medical schools generally do not attempt to incorporate the relevant molecular biology into their curriculum. A number of key signaling pathways are highly relevant to atherogenesis and are presented to provide a context for the gene manipulations summarized herein. The pathways include the following: the insulin receptor (and other receptor tyrosine kinases); Ras and MAPK activation; TNF-α and related family members leading to activation of NF-κB; effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on signaling; endothelial adaptations to flow including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and integrin-related signaling; activation of endothelial and other cells by modified lipoproteins; purinergic signaling; control of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, migration, and further activation; foam cell formation; and macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell signaling related to proliferation, efferocytosis, and apoptosis. This review is intended primarily as an introduction to these key signaling pathways. They have become the focus of modern atherosclerosis research and will undoubtedly provide a rich resource for future innovation toward intervention and prevention of the number one cause of death in the modern world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Therapeutic approaches to limit hemolysis-driven endothelial dysfunction: scavenging free heme to preserve vasculature homeostasis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:396527. [PMID: 23781294 PMCID: PMC3678425 DOI: 10.1155/2013/396527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hemolysis results in the release of hemoglobin and heme into the bloodstream and is associated with the development of several pathologic conditions of different etiology, including hemoglobinopathies, hemolytic anemias, bacterial infections, malaria, and trauma. In addition, hemolysis is associated with surgical procedures, hemodialysis, blood transfusion, and other conditions in which mechanical forces can lead to red blood cell rupture. Free plasma hemoglobin and heme are toxic for the vascular endothelium since heme iron promotes oxidative stress that causes endothelial activation responsible for vasoocclusive events and thrombus formation. Moreover, free hemoglobin scavenges nitric oxide, reducing its bioavailability, and heme favours ROS production, thus causing oxidative nitric oxide consumption. This results in the dysregulation of the endothelium vasodilator:vasoconstrictor balance, leading to severe vasoconstriction and hypertension. Thus, endothelial dysfunction and impairment of cardiovascular function represent a common feature of pathologic conditions associated with hemolysis. In this review, we discuss how hemoglobin/heme released following hemolysis may affect vascular function and summarise the therapeutic approaches available to limit hemolysis-driven endothelial dysfunction. Particular emphasis is put on recent data showing the beneficial effects obtained through the use of the plasma heme scavenger hemopexin in counteracting heme-mediated endothelial damage in mouse models of hemolytic diseases.
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Wang H, Luo W, Wang J, Guo C, Wolffe SL, Wang J, Sun EB, Bradley KN, Campbell AD, Eitzman DT. Paradoxical protection from atherosclerosis and thrombosis in a mouse model of sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 2013; 162:120-9. [PMID: 23590132 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with vascular complications including premature stroke. The role of atherothrombosis in these vascular complications is unclear. To determine the effect of SCD on atherosclerosis and thrombosis, mice with SCD along with controls were generated by transplantation of bone marrow from mice carrying the homozygous sickle cell mutation (Hbb(hβs/hβs) ) or wild-type mice (Hbb(+/+) ) into C57BL6/J or apolipoprotein E deficient (Apoe(-/-) ) recipient mice. At the time of sacrifice, 23-28 weeks following bone marrow transplantation, anaemia, reticulocytosis, and splenomegaly were present in mice receiving Hbb(hβs/hβs) bone marrow compared with control mice. Analysis of atherosclerosis involving the aortic root revealed reduced atherosclerotic lesion area with reduced macrophage content and increased collagen content in Apoe(-/-) , Hbb(hβs/hβs) mice compared to Apoe(-/-) , Hbb(+/+) mice. In a carotid thrombosis model, the time to thrombosis was prolonged in Hbb(hβs/hβs) mice compared to Hbb(+/+) mice. This apparent protective effect of SCD on atherosclerosis and thrombosis was diminished by inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) using zinc protoporphyrin IX. We conclude that SCD in mice is paradoxically protective against atherosclerosis and thrombosis, highlighting the complexity of vascular events in SCD. This protective effect is at least partially mediated by induction of HMOX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Ginseng Berry Extract Prevents Atherogenesis via Anti-Inflammatory Action by Upregulating Phase II Gene Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:490301. [PMID: 23243449 PMCID: PMC3519292 DOI: 10.1155/2012/490301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng berry possesses higher ginsenoside content than its root, which has been traditionally used in herbal medicine for many human diseases, including atherosclerosis. We here examined the antiatherogenic effects of the Korean ginseng berry extract (KGBE) and investigated its underlying mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo. Administration of KGBE decreased atherosclerotic lesions, which was inversely correlated with the expression levels of phase II genes to include heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutamine-cysteine ligase (GCL). Furthermore, KGBE administration suppressed NF-κB-mediated expression of atherogenic inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, COX-2, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1), without altering serum cholesterol levels, in ApoE−/− mice fed a high fat-diet. Treatment with KGBE increased phase II gene expression and suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced reactive oxygen species production, NF-κB activation, and inflammatory gene expression in primary macrophages. Importantly, these cellular events were blocked by selective inhibitors of HO-1 and GCL. In addition, these inhibitors reversed the suppressive effect of KGBE on TNF-α-mediated induction of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, resulting in decreased interaction between endothelial cells and monocytes. These results suggest that KGBE ameliorates atherosclerosis by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated expression of atherogenic genes via upregulation of phase II enzymes and thus has therapeutic or preventive potential for atherosclerosis.
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Araujo JA, Zhang M, Yin F. Heme oxygenase-1, oxidation, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2012. [PMID: 22833723 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00119.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process of the vascular wall characterized by the infiltration of lipids and inflammatory cells. Oxidative modifications of infiltrating low-density lipoproteins and induction of oxidative stress play a major role in lipid retention in the vascular wall, uptake by macrophages and generation of foam cells, a hallmark of this disorder. The vasculature has a plethora of protective resources against oxidation and inflammation, many of them regulated by the Nrf2 transcription factor. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a Nrf2-regulated gene that plays a critical role in the prevention of vascular inflammation. It is the inducible isoform of HO, responsible for the oxidative cleavage of heme groups leading to the generation of biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and release of ferrous iron. HO-1 has important antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory effects in vascular cells, most of which play a significant role in the protection against atherogenesis. HO-1 may also be an important feature in macrophage differentiation and polarization to certain subtypes. The biological effects of HO-1 are largely attributable to its enzymatic activity, which can be conceived as a system with three arms of action, corresponding to its three enzymatic byproducts. HO-1 mediated vascular protection may be due to a combination of systemic and vascular local effects. It is usually expressed at low levels but can be highly upregulated in the presence of several proatherogenic stimuli. The HO-1 system is amenable for use in the development of new therapies, some of them currently under experimental and clinical trials. Interestingly, in contrast to the HO-1 antiatherogenic actions, the expression of its transcriptional regulator Nrf2 leads to proatherogenic effects instead. This suggests that a potential intervention on HO-1 or its byproducts may need to take into account any potential alteration in the status of Nrf2 activation. This article reviews the available evidence that supports the antiatherogenic role of HO-1 as well as the potential pathways and mechanisms mediating vascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus A Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Araujo JA, Zhang M, Yin F. Heme oxygenase-1, oxidation, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:119. [PMID: 22833723 PMCID: PMC3400084 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process of the vascular wall characterized by the infiltration of lipids and inflammatory cells. Oxidative modifications of infiltrating low-density lipoproteins and induction of oxidative stress play a major role in lipid retention in the vascular wall, uptake by macrophages and generation of foam cells, a hallmark of this disorder. The vasculature has a plethora of protective resources against oxidation and inflammation, many of them regulated by the Nrf2 transcription factor. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a Nrf2-regulated gene that plays a critical role in the prevention of vascular inflammation. It is the inducible isoform of HO, responsible for the oxidative cleavage of heme groups leading to the generation of biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and release of ferrous iron. HO-1 has important antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory effects in vascular cells, most of which play a significant role in the protection against atherogenesis. HO-1 may also be an important feature in macrophage differentiation and polarization to certain subtypes. The biological effects of HO-1 are largely attributable to its enzymatic activity, which can be conceived as a system with three arms of action, corresponding to its three enzymatic byproducts. HO-1 mediated vascular protection may be due to a combination of systemic and vascular local effects. It is usually expressed at low levels but can be highly upregulated in the presence of several proatherogenic stimuli. The HO-1 system is amenable for use in the development of new therapies, some of them currently under experimental and clinical trials. Interestingly, in contrast to the HO-1 antiatherogenic actions, the expression of its transcriptional regulator Nrf2 leads to proatherogenic effects instead. This suggests that a potential intervention on HO-1 or its byproducts may need to take into account any potential alteration in the status of Nrf2 activation. This article reviews the available evidence that supports the antiatherogenic role of HO-1 as well as the potential pathways and mechanisms mediating vascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus A. Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fen Yin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
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