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TNF- α Induces Neutrophil Apoptosis Delay and Promotes Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Lung Injury through Activating JNK/FoxO3a Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:8302831. [PMID: 35003520 PMCID: PMC8731283 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8302831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Intestinal ischemia is a common clinical critical illness. Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) leads to acute lung injury (ALI), but the causative factors of ALI are unknown. The aim of this study was to reveal the causative factors and mechanisms of IIR-induced lung injury. Methods A mouse model of IIR was developed using C57BL/6 mice, followed by detection of lung injury status and plasma levels of inflammatory factors in sham-operated mice and model mice. Some model mice were treated with a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitor lenalidomide (10 mg/kg), followed by observation of lung injury status through hematoxylin and eosin staining and detection of neutrophil infiltration levels through naphthol esterase and Ly6G immunohistochemical staining. Additionally, peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were cultured in vitro and then stimulated by TNF-α to mimic in vivo inflammatory stimuli; this TNF-α stimulation was also performed on PMNs after knockdown of FoxO3a or treatment with the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125. PMN apoptosis after stimulation was detected using flow cytometry. Finally, the role of PMN apoptosis in IIR-induced lung injury was evaluated in vivo by detecting the ALI status in the model mice administered with ABT-199, a Bcl-2 inhibitor. Results IIR led to pulmonary histopathological injury and increased lung water content, which were accompanied by increased plasma levels of inflammatory factors, with the TNF-α plasma level showing the most pronounced increase. Inhibition of TNF-α led to effective reduction of lung tissue injury, especially that of the damaging infiltration of PMNs in the lung. In vitro knockdown of FoxO3a or inhibition of JNK activity could inhibit TNF-α-induced PMN apoptosis. Further in vivo experiments revealed that ABT-199 effectively alleviated lung injury and decreased inflammation levels by promoting PMN apoptosis during IIR-induced lung injury. Conclusion TNF-α activates the JNK/FoxO3a pathway to induce a delay in PMN apoptosis, which promotes IIR-induced lung injury.
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NLRC4 gene silencing-dependent blockade of NOD-like receptor pathway inhibits inflammation, reduces proliferation and increases apoptosis of dendritic cells in mice with septic shock. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:1440-1457. [PMID: 33406504 PMCID: PMC7835030 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Septic shock is one of the most significant health concerns across the world, involving hypo-perfusion and defects in tissue energy. The current study investigates the role of NLR family CARD domain containing protein 4 (NLRC4) in septic shock-induced inflammatory reactions, lung tissue injuries, and dendritic cell (DC) apoptosis. Septic shock mice models were established by modified cecal ligation and puncture and injected with retroviral vector expressing siRNA-NLRC4. DCs were then isolated and transfected with siRNA-NLRC4. The degree of lung tissue injury, cell cycle distribution, cell apoptosis and cell viability of DCs were assessed. NLRC4 was found to be expressed at high levels in mice with septic shock. NLRC4 silencing inhibited the activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) pathway as evidenced by the decreased levels of NOD1, NOD2, RIP2, and NF-κB. In addition, NLRC4 silencing reduced the inflammatory reaction as attributed by reduced levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. Suppressed NLRC4 levels inhibited cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis evidenced by inhibited induction of DC surface markers (CD80, CD86, and MHC II), along with alleviated lung tissue injury. In conclusion, NLRC4 silencing ameliorates lung injury and inflammation induced by septic shock by negatively regulating the NLR pathway.
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He S, Wang G, Pei Y, Zhu H. miR
‐34b‐3p protects against acute kidney injury in sepsis mice via targeting ubiquitin‐like protein 4A. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 36:817-824. [PMID: 32609950 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐Yin He
- Department of Intensive Care Unit Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing City Jiangsu Province China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Nephrology Nanjing Boda Hospital of Nephrology Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing City Jiangsu Province China
| | - Ying‐Hao Pei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing City Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hai‐Ping Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou City Zhejiang Province China
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Kim JH, Lee J, Park KS, Hong SW, Gho YS. Drug Repositioning to Alleviate Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Caused by Gram-Negative Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701476. [PMID: 29683274 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) accompanied with infection. Gram-negative bacteria can evoke sepsis by activating the host immune system, such as the release of IL-6 and TNF-α, through their virulence factors. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), nanosized bilayered proteolipids derived from Gram-negative bacteria, harbor various virulence factors and are shown to induce SIRS. Here, drugs are repositioned to alleviate SIRS caused by Gram-negative bacterial OMVs. Using novel OMV-based drug screening systems, a total of 178 commercially available drugs are primarily screened, and a total of 18 repositioned drug candidates are found to effectively block IL-6 and TNF-α production from OMV-stimulated macrophages. After excluding the compounds which are previously known to intervene sepsis or which show cytotoxicity to macrophages, the compounds which show dose-dependency in inhibiting the release of IL-6 and TNF-α by the OMV-stimulated macrophages in vitro and which reduce OMV-induced SIRS in vivo are selected. Salbutamol, a β2 adrenergic receptor agonist, is selected as a novel candidate to alleviate OMV-induced SIRS. This study sheds light on using Gram-negative bacterial OMVs in exploring novel candidate compounds to alleviate inflammatory diseases including sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewook Lee
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Su Park
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Hong
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology; Institute of Basic Science; 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
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Itakura J, Sato M, Ito T, Mino M, Fushimi S, Takahashi S, Yoshimura T, Matsukawa A. Spred2-deficiecy Protects Mice from Polymicrobial Septic Peritonitis by Enhancing Inflammation and Bacterial Clearance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12833. [PMID: 28993690 PMCID: PMC5634500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an infection-induced systemic inflammatory syndrome and a major cause of death for critically ill patients. Here, we examined whether the absence of Sprouty-related EVH1-domain-containing protein 2 (Spred2), a negative regulator of the Ras/Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway, influences host defense against polymicrobial sepsis (PMS) induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Compared to wild-type mice, Spred2−/− mice exhibited higher survival rates with increased level of leukocyte infiltration and local chemokine production and reduced plasma and peritoneal bacterial loads after CLP. The MEK inhibitor U0126 significantly reduced LPS-induced chemokine production by Spred2−/− resident macrophages in vitro, and decreased CLP-induced leukocyte infiltration in vivo. Spred2−/− resident macrophages, but not neutrophils or elicited macrophages, exhibited increased phagocytic activity. Interestingly, surface expression of complement receptor 1/2 (CR1/2) was increased in Spred2−/− resident macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide in a manner dependent on the ERK/MAPK pathway, and blocking CR1/2 in vivo resulted in reduced leukocyte infiltration and increased bacterial loads after CLP. Taken together, our results indicate that Spred2-deficiency protects mice from PMS via increased activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway and subsequent increase in innate immune responses. Thus, inhibiting Spred2 may present a novel means to prevent the development of PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Itakura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Miwa Sato
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Megumi Mino
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Soichiro Fushimi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Sakuma Takahashi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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Ji M, Lu Y, Zhao C, Gao W, He F, Zhang J, Zhao D, Qiu W, Wang Y. C5a Induces the Synthesis of IL-6 and TNF-α in Rat Glomerular Mesangial Cells through MAPK Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161867. [PMID: 27583546 PMCID: PMC5008626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response has been reported to contribute to the renal lesions in rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N) as an animal model of human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN). Besides C5b-9 complex, C5a is also a potent pro-inflammatory mediator and correlated to severity of various nephritic diseases. However, the role of C5a in mediating pro-inflammatory cytokine production in rats with Thy-1N is poorly defined. In the present studies, the levels of C5a, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were first determined in the renal tissues of rats with Thy-1N. Then, the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was detected in rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) stimulated with our recombinant rat C5a in vitro. Subsequently, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways (p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and JNK) and their roles in the regulation of IL-6 and TNF-α production were examined in the GMC induced by C5a. The results showed that the levels of C5a, IL-6 and TNF-α were markedly increased in the renal tissues of Thy-1N rats. Rat C5a stimulation in vitro could up-regulate the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in rat GMC, and the activation of MAPK signaling pathways was involved in the induction of IL-6 and TNF-α. Mechanically, p38 MAPK activation promoted IL-6 production, while either ERK1/2 or JNK activation promoted TNF-α production in the GMC with exposure to C5a. Taken together, these data implicate that C5a induces the synthesis of IL-6 and TNF-α in rat GMC through the activation of MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingde Ji
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yanlai Lu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wenxing Gao
- Basic Medical Science of Basic Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Fengxia He
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
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Nullens S, Staessens M, Peleman C, Plaeke P, Malhotra-Kumar S, Francque S, De Man JG, De Winter BY. Beneficial Effects of Anti-Interleukin-6 Antibodies on Impaired Gastrointestinal Motility, Inflammation and Increased Colonic Permeability in a Murine Model of Sepsis Are Most Pronounced When Administered in a Preventive Setup. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152914. [PMID: 27044016 PMCID: PMC4820138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES During sepsis, gastrointestinal ileus, mucosal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation are accepted to be important triggers that can maintain or exacerbate the septic state. In the caecal ligation and puncture animal model of sepsis, we demonstrated that systemic and colonic interleukin-6 levels are significantly increased coinciding with an impaired colonic barrier function. We therefore aimed to study the effect of therapeutic or curative administration of anti-IL6 antibodies on overall GI motility, colonic permeability and translocation of intestinal bacteria in blood and mesenteric lymph nodes in the mouse caecal ligation and puncture model. METHODS OF-1 mice were randomized to either the preventive or curative protocol, in which they received 1 mg/kg of antibodies to interleukin-6, or its IgG isotype control solution. They subsequently underwent either the caecal ligation and puncture procedure, or sham-surgery. GI motility was assessed 48 h following the procedure, as well as colonic permeability, serum and colon cytokines, colonic tight junction proteins at the mRNA level; cultures of blood and mesenteric lymph nodes were performed. RESULTS Preventive administration of anti-interleukin-6 antibodies successfully counteracted the gastrointestinal motility disturbances and impaired colonic barrier function that could be observed in vehicle-treated septic animals. Serum and colonic levels of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly lower when animals were preventively treated with anti-interleukin-6 antibodies. A repetitive injection 24 h later resulted in the most pronounced effects. Curative treatment significantly lowered systemic and colonic inflammation markers while the effects on transit and permeability were unfortunately no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS Caecal ligation and puncture resulted in septic ileus with an increased colonic permeability. Antibodies to interleukin-6 were able to ameliorate gastro-intestinal motility, suppress inflammation and normalize the permeability of the colonic wall, with the preventive administration combined with a repeat injection being far more efficacious than the sole preventive or curative one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nullens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Staessens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cédric Peleman
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philip Plaeke
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Sven Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris G. De Man
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y. De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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8
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siRNA Versus miRNA as Therapeutics for Gene Silencing. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 4:e252. [PMID: 26372022 PMCID: PMC4877448 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Discovered a little over two decades ago, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs with important roles in gene regulation. They have recently been investigated as novel classes of therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide range of disorders including cancers and infections. Clinical trials of siRNA- and miRNA-based drugs have already been initiated. siRNAs and miRNAs share many similarities, both are short duplex RNA molecules that exert gene silencing effects at the post-transcriptional level by targeting messenger RNA (mRNA), yet their mechanisms of action and clinical applications are distinct. The major difference between siRNAs and miRNAs is that the former are highly specific with only one mRNA target, whereas the latter have multiple targets. The therapeutic approaches of siRNAs and miRNAs are therefore very different. Hence, this review provides a comparison between therapeutic siRNAs and miRNAs in terms of their mechanisms of action, physicochemical properties, delivery, and clinical applications. Moreover, the challenges in developing both classes of RNA as therapeutics are also discussed.
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Ahmed M, Kumar G, Navarro G, Wang Y, Gourevitch S, Moussa MH, Rozenblum N, Levchenko T, Galun E, Torchilin VP, Goldberg SN. Systemic siRNA Nanoparticle-Based Drugs Combined with Radiofrequency Ablation for Cancer Therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128910. [PMID: 26154425 PMCID: PMC4495977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) of hepatic and renal tumors can be accompanied by non-desired tumorigenesis in residual, untreated tumor. Here, we studied the use of micelle-encapsulated siRNA to suppress IL-6-mediated local and systemic secondary effects of RFA. METHODS We compared standardized hepatic or renal RFA (laparotomy, 1 cm active tip at 70 ± 2 °C for 5 min) and sham procedures without and with administration of 150 nm micelle-like nanoparticle (MNP) anti-IL6 siRNA (DOPE-PEI conjugates, single IP dose 15 min post-RFA, C57Bl mouse:3.5 ug/100ml, Fisher 344 rat: 20 ug/200 ul), RFA/scrambled siRNA, and RFA/empty MNPs. Outcome measures included: local periablational cellular infiltration (α-SMA+ stellate cells), regional hepatocyte proliferation, serum/tissue IL-6 and VEGF levels at 6-72 hr, and distant tumor growth, tumor proliferation (Ki-67) and microvascular density (MVD, CD34) in subcutaneous R3230 and MATBIII breast adenocarcinoma models at 7 days. RESULTS For liver RFA, adjuvant MNP anti-IL6 siRNA reduced RFA-induced increases in tissue IL-6 levels, α-SMA+ stellate cell infiltration, and regional hepatocyte proliferation to baseline (p < 0.04, all comparisons). Moreover, adjuvant MNP anti-IL6- siRNA suppressed increased distant tumor growth and Ki-67 observed in R3230 and MATBIII tumors post hepatic RFA (p<0.01). Anti-IL6 siRNA also reduced RFA-induced elevation in VEGF and tumor MVD (p < 0.01). Likewise, renal RFA-induced increases in serum IL-6 levels and distant R3230 tumor growth was suppressed with anti-IL6 siRNA (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant nanoparticle-encapsulated siRNA against IL-6 can be used to modulate local and regional effects of hepatic RFA to block potential unwanted pro-oncogenic effects of hepatic or renal RFA on distant tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Ahmed
- Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd.–WCC-308B, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd.–WCC-308B, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States of America
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, 140 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States of America
| | - Yuanguo Wang
- Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd.–WCC-308B, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Gourevitch
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah POB 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Marwan H. Moussa
- Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd.–WCC-308B, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States of America
| | - Nir Rozenblum
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah POB 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Tatyana Levchenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, 140 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States of America
| | - Eithan Galun
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah POB 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Vladimir P. Torchilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, 140 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States of America
| | - S. Nahum Goldberg
- Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd.–WCC-308B, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, United States of America
- Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah POB 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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Lipocalin-2 test in distinguishing acute lung injury cases from septic mice without acute lung injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 29:65-77. [PMID: 24998227 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(14)60031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether the amount of lipocalin-2 in the biofluid could reflect the onset of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg) injection or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed to induce severe sepsis and ALI in C57 BL/6 male mice randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10 in each group): group A (intraperitoneal LPS injection), group B (intravenous LPS injection via tail vein), group C (CLP with 25% of the cecum ligated), group D (CLP with 75% of the cecum ligated), and the control group (6 sham-operation controls plus 4 saline controls). All the mice received volume resuscitation. Measurements of pulmonary morphological and functional alterations were used to identify the presence of experimental ALI. The expressions of lipocalin-2 and interleukin (IL)-6 in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissue were quantified at both protein and mRNA levels. The overall abilities of lipocalin-2 and IL-6 tests to diagnose sepsis-induced ALI were evaluated by generating receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC) and computing area under curve (AUC). RESULTS In both group B and group D, most of the main features of experimental ALI were reproduced in mice, while group A and group C showed septic syndrome without definite evidence for the presence of ALI. Compared with septic mice without ALI (group A+group C), lipocalin-2 protein expression in septic mice with ALI (group B+group D) was significantly up-regulated in BALF (P<0.01) and in serum (P<0.01), and mRNA expression boosted in lung tissues (all P<0.05). Lipocalin-2 tests performed better than IL-6 tests in recognizing sepsis-induced ALI cases, evidenced by the larger AUC of the former (BALF tests, 0.8800 versus 0.6625; serum tests, 0.8500 versus 0.7000). Using a dual cutoff system to diagnose sepsis-induced ALI, BALF lipocalin-2 test exhibited the highest positive likelihood ratio (13.000) and the lowest negative likelihood ratio (0.077) among the tests of lipocalin-2 and IL-6 in blood and BALF. A statistically significant correlation was found between lipocalin-2 concentration in BALF and that in serum (Spearman r=0.8803, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Lipocalin-2 expression is significantly up-regulated in septic ALI mice compared with those without ALI. Lipocalin-2 tests with a dual cutoff system could be an effective tool in distinguishing experimental ALI cases.
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Wan Y, Ren X, Ren Y, Wang J, Hu Z, Xie X, Xu J. As a genetic adjuvant, CTA improves the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines in an ADP-ribosyltransferase activity- and IL-6-dependent manner. Vaccine 2014; 32:2173-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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12
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Zenker S, Panteleev-Ivlev J, Wirtz S, Kishimoto T, Waldner MJ, Ksionda O, Tybulewicz VLJ, Neurath MF, Atreya I. A key regulatory role for Vav1 in controlling lipopolysaccharide endotoxemia via macrophage-derived IL-6. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2830-2836. [PMID: 24532586 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are centrally involved in the pathogenesis of acute inflammatory diseases, peritonitis, endotoxemia, and septic shock. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling such macrophage activation are incompletely understood. In this article, we provide evidence that Vav1, a member of the RhoGEF family, plays a crucial role in macrophage activation and septic endotoxemia. Vav1-deficient mice demonstrated a significantly increased susceptibility for LPS endotoxemia that could be abrogated by anti-IL-6R Ab treatment. Subsequent studies showed that Vav1-deficient macrophages display augmented production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. Nuclear Vav1 was identified as a key negative regulator of macrophage-derived IL-6 production. In fact, Vav1 formed a nuclear DNA-binding complex with heat shock transcription factor 1 at the HSE2 region of the IL-6 promoter to suppress IL-6 gene transcription in macrophages. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of endotoxemia and suggest new avenues for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Zenker
- Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Panteleev-Ivlev
- Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Maximilian J Waldner
- Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Ksionda
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Markus F Neurath
- Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Germany
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Kosovrasti VY, Lukashev D, Nechev LV, Amiji MM. Novel RNA interference-based therapies for sepsis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:419-35. [PMID: 24397825 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.875524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is an extremely fast-paced disease, initiated by an infection that can progress to multiple organ dysfunction and death. The complexity associated with sepsis makes the therapies difficult to develop. Moreover, the 'one-fits-all' kind of therapy is far from being realistic. AREAS COVERED This review provides a conspectus of the current results of sepsis therapies and their benefits, focusing on the development of small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics for targeting immune cells and sepsis pathways. EXPERT OPINION The question, 'When will an effective therapy for sepsis be available for patients?' remains unanswered. New RNA interference-mediated therapies are emerging as novel approaches for the treatment of sepsis by downregulating key inflammatory cytokine expression. Strategies that exploit multimodal gene silencing using siRNA and targeted delivery systems are discussed in this review. Some of these strategies have shown positive results in preclinical model of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verbena Y Kosovrasti
- Northeastern University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 140 The Fenway Building, R170, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 , USA
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14
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Provençal N, Suderman MJ, Caramaschi D, Wang D, Hallett M, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Szyf M. Differential DNA methylation regions in cytokine and transcription factor genomic loci associate with childhood physical aggression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71691. [PMID: 23977113 PMCID: PMC3747262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Animal and human studies suggest that inflammation is associated with behavioral disorders including aggression. We have recently shown that physical aggression of boys during childhood is strongly associated with reduced plasma levels of cytokines IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, later in early adulthood. This study tests the hypothesis that there is an association between differential DNA methylation regions in cytokine genes in T cells and monocytes DNA in adult subjects and a trajectory of physical aggression from childhood to adolescence. Methodology/Principal Findings We compared the methylation profiles of the entire genomic loci encompassing the IL-1α, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-8 and three of their regulatory transcription factors (TF) NFkB1, NFAT5 and STAT6 genes in adult males on a chronic physical aggression trajectory (CPA) and males with the same background who followed a normal physical aggression trajectory (control group) from childhood to adolescence. We used the method of methylated DNA immunoprecipitation with comprehensive cytokine gene loci and TF loci microarray hybridization, statistical analysis and false discovery rate correction. We found differentially methylated regions to associate with CPA in both the cytokine loci as well as in their transcription factors loci analyzed. Some of these differentially methylated regions were located in known regulatory regions whereas others, to our knowledge, were previously unknown as regulatory areas. However, using the ENCODE database, we were able to identify key regulatory elements in many of these regions that indicate that they might be involved in the regulation of cytokine expression. Conclusions We provide here the first evidence for an association between differential DNA methylation in cytokines and their regulators in T cells and monocytes and male physical aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Provençal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Suderman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Doretta Caramaschi
- Research Unit on Children’s Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dongsha Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Hallett
- McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Research Unit on Children’s Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard E. Tremblay
- Research Unit on Children’s Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health and Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail: (RET); (MS)
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (RET); (MS)
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Höbel S, Aigner A. Polyethylenimines for siRNA and miRNA delivery in vivo. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:484-501. [PMID: 23720168 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) as a naturally occurring mechanism for gene knockdown has attracted considerable attention toward the use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for therapeutic purposes. Likewise, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important cellular regulators of gene expression, and their pathological underexpression allows for novel therapeutic strategies ('miRNA replacement therapy'). To address issues related to the instability, charge, and molecular weight of small RNA molecules, nanoparticle formulations have been explored for their in vivo application. Polyethylenimines (PEIs) are positively charged, linear, or branched polymers that are able to form nanoscale complexes with small RNAs, leading to RNA protection, cellular delivery, and intracellular release. This review highlights the important properties of various PEIs with regard to their use for in vivo RNA delivery. PEI modifications for increased efficacy, altered pharmacokinetic properties, improved biocompatibility and, upon covalent coupling of ligands, targeted delivery are described. An overview of various modified PEIs and a comprehensive list of representative studies using PEI-based siRNA or miRNA delivery in vivo are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Höbel
- Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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