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Uta D, Takeuchi K, Fukano K, Kawamura H, Ito A. Effect of a Single Dose of Oxaliplatin on the Induction of Peripheral Neuropathy in a Rat Model: An in vivo Electrophysiological Study. Biol Pharm Bull 2023:b23-00263. [PMID: 37331804 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer drug oxaliplatin is associated with peripheral neuropathy as a side effect accompanied by mechanical and cold allodynia. Although the superficial layer of the spinal cord dorsal horn is known to receive information primarily from peripheral pain nerves, to our knowledge, no in vivo electrophysiological analyses have been conducted to determine whether oxaliplatin administration increases the excitability of superficial layer neurons. Therefore, in vivo extracellular recordings were performed to measure action potentials in the deep and superficial layers of the spinal cord dorsal horn in rats treated with a single dose (6 mg/kg) of oxaliplatin. Action potentials were produced by mechanical stimulation with von Frey filaments to the hindlimb receptive fields. The results revealed that the firing frequency of action potentials increased relative to the intensity of mechanical stimulation, and that both deep and superficial layer neurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn increased significantly in oxaliplatin-treated compared with vehicle-treated rats, especially in the superficial layer. Several superficial layer neurons showed spontaneous firing that was not seen in vehicle-treated rats. In addition, a clear increase was seen in the firing frequency of neurons in the superficial layer of oxaliplatin-treated rats in response to a cold stimulus (here, the addition of acetone to the hindlimb receptive field). This study suggests that the superficial spinal cord dorsal horn strongly reflects the pain pathophysiology in peripheral neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin administration, and that the superficial layer neurons are useful for in vivo electrophysiological analysis using this pathological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Uta
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Keita Takeuchi
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp
| | - Keigo Fukano
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp
| | - Hinata Kawamura
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp
| | - Akitoshi Ito
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp
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Yu P, Liu Y, Xie J, Li J. Spatiotemporally controlled calcitonin delivery: Long-term and targeted therapy of skeletal diseases. J Control Release 2021; 338:486-504. [PMID: 34481022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a connective tissue that support the entire body and protect the internal organs. However, there are great challenges on curing intractable skeletal diseases such as hypercalcemia, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. To address these issues, calcitonin (CT) therapy is an effective treatment alternative to regulate calcium metabolism and suppress inflammation response, which are closely related to skeletal diseases. Traditional calcitonin formulation requires frequent administration due to the low bioavailability resulting from the short half-life and abundant calcitonin receptors distributed through the whole body. Therefore, long-term and targeted calcitonin delivery systems (LCDS and TCDS) have been widely explored as the popular strategies to overcome the intrinsic limitations of calcitonin and improve the functions of calcium management and inflammation inhibition in recent years. In this review, we first explain the physiological effects of calcitonin on bone remodeling: (i) inhibitory effects on osteoclasts and (ii) facilitated effects on osteoblasts. Then we summarized four strategies for spatiotemporally controlled delivery of calcitonin: micro-/nanomedicine (e.g. inorganic micro-/nanomedicine, polymeric micro-/nanomedicine and supramolecular assemblies), hydrogels (especially thermosensitive hydrogels), prodrug (PEGylation and targeting design) and hybrid biomaterials. Subsequently, we discussed the application of LCDS and TCDS in treating hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, and arthritis. Understanding and analyzing these advanced calcitonin delivery applications are essential for future development of calcitonin therapies toward skeletal diseases with superior efficacy in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yanpeng Liu
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, PR China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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3
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Taskiran AS, Ergul M. The effect of salmon calcitonin against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in the C6 cell line and the roles the inflammatory and nitric oxide pathways play. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1985-1993. [PMID: 34370176 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that salmon calcitonin (sCT) has positive effects on the nervous system. However, its effect and mechanisms on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity are still unclear. The current experiment was designed to examine the effect of sCT on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in C6 cells, involving the inflammatory and nitric oxide stress pathways. The study used the C6 glioma cell line. Four cell groups were prepared to evaluate the effect of sCT on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. The control group was without any treatment. Cells in the glutamate group were treated with 10 mM glutamate for 24 h. Cells in the sCT group were treated with various concentrations (3, 6, 12, 25, and 50 µg/mL) of sCT for 24 h. Cells in the sCT + glutamate group were pre-treated with various concentrations of sCT for 1 h and then exposed to glutamate for 24 h. The cell viability was evaluated with an XTT assay. Nuclear factor kappa b (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), nitric oxide (NO), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), caspase-3, and caspase-9 levels in the cells were measured by ELISA kits. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry method. sCT at all concentrations significantly improved the cell viability in C6 cells after glutamate-induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.001). Moreover, sCT significantly reduced the levels of NF-kB (p < 0.001), TNF-α, and IL-6 levels (p < 0.001). sCT also decreased nNOS, NO, and cGMP levels (P < 0.001). Furthermore, it decreased the apoptosis rate and increased the live-cell rate in the flow cytometry (P < 0.001). In conclusion, sCT has protective effects on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in C6 glial cells by inhibiting inflammatory and nitric oxide pathways. sCT could be a useful supportive agent for people with neurodegenerative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Sevki Taskiran
- Department of Physiology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Merve Ergul
- Department of Pharmacology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University School of Pharmacy, Sivas, Turkey
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4
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Therapeutic Agents for Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy; Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1393. [PMID: 33573316 PMCID: PMC7866815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031393&set/a 813269399+839900579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is an essential drug in the chemotherapy of colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers, but it frequently causes peripheral neuropathy as a dose-limiting factor. So far, animal models of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy have been established. The mechanisms of development of neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin have been elucidated, and many drugs and agents have been proven to have neuroprotective effects in basic studies. In addition, some of these drugs have been validated in clinical studies for their inhibitory effects on neuropathy. In this review, we summarize the basic and clinical evidence for the therapeutic effects of oxaliplatin. In basic research, there are many reports of neuropathy inhibitors that target oxidative stress, inflammatory response, sodium channel, transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, glutamate nervous system, and monoamine nervous system. Alternatively, very few drugs have clearly demonstrated the efficacy for oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in clinical trials. It is important to activate translational research in order to translate basic research into clinical research.
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Therapeutic Agents for Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy; Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031393
expr 945913974 + 948698388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is an essential drug in the chemotherapy of colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers, but it frequently causes peripheral neuropathy as a dose-limiting factor. So far, animal models of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy have been established. The mechanisms of development of neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin have been elucidated, and many drugs and agents have been proven to have neuroprotective effects in basic studies. In addition, some of these drugs have been validated in clinical studies for their inhibitory effects on neuropathy. In this review, we summarize the basic and clinical evidence for the therapeutic effects of oxaliplatin. In basic research, there are many reports of neuropathy inhibitors that target oxidative stress, inflammatory response, sodium channel, transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, glutamate nervous system, and monoamine nervous system. Alternatively, very few drugs have clearly demonstrated the efficacy for oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in clinical trials. It is important to activate translational research in order to translate basic research into clinical research.
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Kawashiri T, Mine K, Kobayashi D, Inoue M, Ushio S, Uchida M, Egashira N, Shimazoe T. Therapeutic Agents for Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy; Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031393. [PMID: 33573316 PMCID: PMC7866815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is an essential drug in the chemotherapy of colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers, but it frequently causes peripheral neuropathy as a dose-limiting factor. So far, animal models of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy have been established. The mechanisms of development of neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin have been elucidated, and many drugs and agents have been proven to have neuroprotective effects in basic studies. In addition, some of these drugs have been validated in clinical studies for their inhibitory effects on neuropathy. In this review, we summarize the basic and clinical evidence for the therapeutic effects of oxaliplatin. In basic research, there are many reports of neuropathy inhibitors that target oxidative stress, inflammatory response, sodium channel, transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, glutamate nervous system, and monoamine nervous system. Alternatively, very few drugs have clearly demonstrated the efficacy for oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in clinical trials. It is important to activate translational research in order to translate basic research into clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kawashiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-6573
| | - Keisuke Mine
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Mizuki Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Soichiro Ushio
- Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Mayako Uchida
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan;
| | - Nobuaki Egashira
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Takao Shimazoe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (T.S.)
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Huang J, Chen D, Yan F, Wu S, Kang S, Xing W, Zeng W, Xie J. JTC-801 alleviates mechanical allodynia in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173306. [PMID: 32603693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a serious adverse effect of chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel. JTC-801, a nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide (NOP) receptor antagonist, has been reported to attenuate neuropathic pain in several pain models. However, the therapeutic significance and function of JTC-801 in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy remain unclear. In this study, we determined the effect of JTC-801 on neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel, and we explored the potential mechanism in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). The behavioral test showed that single or multiple systemic administrations of JTC-801 significantly alleviated mechanical allodynia in paclitaxel-treated rats. Using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, we found that paclitaxel increased the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and phospho-Akt (p-Akt) in the DRG. Double immunofluorescence staining indicated that p-Akt was expressed in neurons in the DRG. Multiple injections of JTC-801 significantly inhibited the activation of Akt and decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines. The data suggest that JTC-801 alleviates mechanical allodynia associated with paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiu Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Dongtai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Shaoyong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Shiyang Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Weian Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China.
| | - Jingdun Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China.
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Minami T, Takeda M, Sata M, Kato H, Yano K, Sakai T, Tsujita R, Kawasaki K, Ito A. Thrombomodulin alfa prevents oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic symptoms through activation of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and protein C without affecting anti-tumor activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 880:173196. [PMID: 32416186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, is widely used to treat colorectal cancer, but it induces peripheral neuropathy as a serious dose-limiting side effect. Recently, thrombomodulin alfa, a recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin, was reported to prevent oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in a clinical phase 2 study. Here we conducted preclinical pharmacology studies. Rats were given oxaliplatin (6 mg/kg) intravenously to induce mechanical hyperalgesia associated with peripheral neuropathy. Single intravenous administration of thrombomodulin alfa (0.1, 0.3, 1 mg/kg) dose dependently prevented the development of oxaliplatin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, with no sex difference in the efficacy. The preventative effect of thrombomodulin alfa on mechanical hyperalgesia was attenuated by antithrombin or carboxypeptidase inhibitor. In addition, carboxypeptidase B, a homolog of activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) and human-derived activated protein C, prevented mechanical hyperalgesia, whereas antithrombin or other anti-coagulants did not. These results suggest that thrombomodulin alfa prevents sensory symptoms of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy through the activation of TAFI and protein C by modulating thrombin activity, but the effects are independent of an anticoagulant effect. On the other hand, thrombomodulin alfa did not affect the anti-cancer activity of oxaliplatin on human colon cancer cell lines or mice transplanted with HCT116 cells. These results indicate that thrombomodulin alfa prevents sensory symptoms of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy without affecting the anti-tumor activity of oxaliplatin. Therefore, thrombomodulin alfa is a promising drug to prevent the symptoms of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Minami
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Co. Ltd., 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan
| | - Mineko Takeda
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Co. Ltd., 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan
| | - Minako Sata
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Co. Ltd., 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Co. Ltd., 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yano
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Co. Ltd., 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan
| | - Takumi Sakai
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Co. Ltd., 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tsujita
- Project Management Dept. Pharmaceutical Marketing Division, Asahi Kasei Pharma Co. Ltd., 1-1-2 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0006, Japan
| | - Koh Kawasaki
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Co. Ltd., 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Ito
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Co. Ltd., 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan.
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Terashima Y, Takebayashi T, Jimbo S, Ogon I, Sato T, Ichise N, Tohse N, Yamashita T. Analgesic effects of calcitonin on radicular pain in male rats. J Pain Res 2019; 12:223-230. [PMID: 30655691 PMCID: PMC6322709 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s185233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Radicular pain is a frequently observed symptom of lumbar disk herniation or lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Achieving radicular pain relief is difficult. This type of pain may progress to chronic neuropathic pain. Calcitonin (elcatonin [eCT]) has been used mainly for hypercalcemia and pain associated with osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate analgesic effects of repeated eCT administration on radicular pain in male rats and changes in mRNA-expression levels of voltage-dependent sodium channels in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Methods Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. A right L5 hemilaminectomy and an L5-L6 partial facetectomy were performed to expose the right L5 nerve root. Under a microscope, the right L5 spinal nerve root was tightly ligated extradurally with 8-0 nylon suture proximally to the DRG to cause radicular pain in rats. Mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, and analgesic effects of eCT were compared among rats with radicular pain that received eCT, those that received the vehicle, and sham rats that received the vehicle. Real-time reverse-transcription PCR was performed to measure mRNA-expression levels of tetrodotoxin-sensitive (NaV1.3 and NaV1.6) and tetrodotoxin-resistant (NaV1.8 and NaV1.9) sodium channels in the DRG. Results Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesic reactions occurring in rats with radicular pain significantly improved on days 5 and 9 of eCT administration, respectively. In rats with radicular pain, mRNA-expression levels of NaV1.3, NaV1.8, and NaV1.9 increased. After repeated eCT administration, mRNA-expression levels of these sodium channels in rats with radicular pain improved to the same levels as in sham rats. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that repeated systemic eCT administration was effective for radicular pain. No serious side effects of eCT have been reported thus far. Therefore, calcitonin may be a preferred therapeutic option for patients with radicular pain or for those requiring long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Terashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan, .,Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan
| | | | - Shunsuke Jimbo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan,
| | - Izaya Ogon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan,
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Ichise
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan
| | - Noritsugu Tohse
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan,
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Ito A, Yoshimura M. Mechanisms of the analgesic effect of calcitonin on chronic pain by alteration of receptor or channel expression. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917720316. [PMID: 28726540 PMCID: PMC5524232 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917720316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The polypeptide hormone calcitonin is well known clinically for its ability to relieve osteoporotic back pain and neuropathic pain such as spinal canal stenosis, diabetic neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, and complex regional pain syndrome. Because the analgesic effects of calcitonin have a broad range, the underlying mechanisms of pain relief by calcitonin are largely unknown. However, recent studies using several types of chronic pain models combined with various methods have been gradually clarifying the mechanism. Here, we review the mechanisms of the analgesic action of calcitonin on ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic and neuropathic pain. The analgesic action of calcitonin may be mediated by restoration of serotonin receptors that control selective glutamate release from C-afferent fibers in ovariectomized rats and by normalization of sodium channel expression in damaged peripheral nerves. Serotonin receptors are reduced or eliminated by the relatively rapid reduction in estrogen during the postmenopausal period, and damaged nerves exhibit hyperexcitability due to abnormal expression of Na+ channel subtypes. In addition, in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, inhibition of signals related to transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 and melastatin-8 is proposed to participate in the anti-allodynic action of calcitonin. Further, an unknown calcitonin-dependent signal appears to be present in peripheral nervous tissues and may be activated by nerve injury, resulting in regulation of the excitability of primary afferents by control of sodium channel transcription in dorsal root ganglion neurons. The calcitonin signal in normal conditions may be non-functional because no target is present, and ovariectomy or nerve injury may induce a target. Moreover, it has been reported that calcitonin reduces serotonin transporter but increases serotonin receptor expression in the thalamus in ovariectomized rats. These data suggest that calcitonin could alleviate lower back pain in patients with osteoporosis or neuropathic pain by the alteration in receptor or channel expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Ito
- 1 Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Co. Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Megumu Yoshimura
- 2 Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Mori A, Suzawa H, Sakamoto K, Nakahara T, Ishii K. Vasodilator Effects of Elcatonin, a Synthetic Eel Calcitonin, on Retinal Blood Vessels in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:1536-41. [PMID: 26424018 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of elcatonin, a synthetic derivative of eel calcitonin, on rat retinal blood vessels, and to determine how diabetes affects the retinal vascular responses. Ocular fundus images were captured with an original high-resolution digital fundus camera in vivo. The retinal vascular responses were evaluated by measuring the diameter of retinal blood vessels contained in the digital images. Both systemic blood pressure and heart rate were continuously recorded. Elcatonin increased the diameter of retinal blood vessels but decreased mean blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it had no significant effect on heart rate. A diminished retinal vasodilator response and significant pressor response to elcatonin were observed in rats injected intravenously with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor. Intravitreal injection of indomethacin, a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, and SQ22536, an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, markedly attenuated the vasodilator effects of elcatonin on retinal blood vessels. The retinal vasodilator responses to elcatonin were unaffected 2 weeks after the induction of diabetes by a combination of streptozotocin treatment and D-glucose feeding. These results suggest that elcatonin dilates rat retinal blood vessels via NO- and COX-dependent mechanisms and that the adenylyl cyclase-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate system plays a major role in the vasodilator mechanisms. The retinal vasodilatory effects of elcatonin seem to be preserved at early stages of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Mori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Kagiava A, Theophilidis G, Sargiannidou I, Kyriacou K, Kleopa KA. Oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity is mediated through gap junction channels and hemichannels and can be prevented by octanol. Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:289-305. [PMID: 26044641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity (OIN) is a common complication of chemotherapy without effective treatment. In order to clarify the mechanisms of both acute and chronic OIN, we used an ex-vivo mouse sciatic nerve model. Exposure to 25 μM oxaliplatin caused a marked prolongation in the duration of the nerve evoked compound action potential (CAP) by nearly 1200% within 300 min while amplitude remained constant for over 20 h. This oxaliplatin effect was almost completely reversed by the gap junction (GJ) inhibitor octanol in a concentration-dependent manner. Further GJ blockers showed similar effects although with a narrower therapeutic window. To clarify the target molecule we studied sciatic nerves from connexin32 (Cx32) and Cx29 knockout (KO) mice. The oxaliplatin effect and neuroprotection by octanol partially persisted in Cx29 better than in Cx32 KO nerves, suggesting that oxaliplatin affects both, but Cx32 GJ channels more than Cx29 hemichannels. Oxaliplatin also accelerated neurobiotin uptake in HeLa cells expressing the human ortholog of Cx29, Cx31.3, as well as dye transfer between cells expressing the human Cx32, and this effect was blocked by octanol. Oxaliplatin caused no morphological changes initially (up to 3 h of exposure), but prolonged nerve exposure caused juxtaparonodal axonal edema, which was prevented by octanol. Our study indicates that oxaliplatin causes forced opening of Cx32 channels and Cx29 hemichannels in peripheral myelinated fibers leading to disruption of axonal K(+) homeostasis. The GJ blocker octanol prevents OIN at very low concentrations and should be further studied as a neuroprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Kagiava
- Neuroscience Laboratory, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George Theophilidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Irene Sargiannidou
- Neuroscience Laboratory, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriacos Kyriacou
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Electron Microscopy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kleopas A Kleopa
- Neuroscience Laboratory, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus; Neurology Clinics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Yin K, Zimmermann K, Vetter I, Lewis RJ. Therapeutic opportunities for targeting cold pain pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 93:125-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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