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Luo D, Liu Y, Li J, Liu X, Zhang R, Liu X, Zhang N, Zhang W, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang T. Systematic Analysis of the Relationship Between Elevated Zinc and Epilepsy. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:39. [PMID: 38581598 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated a potential relationship between zinc and epilepsy. The aim of this study is to investigate the causal relationship between zinc, zinc-dependent carbonic anhydrase, and gray matter volume in brain regions enriched with zinc and epilepsy, as well as explore the possible mechanisms by which zinc contributes to epilepsy. First, this study assessed the risk causality between zinc, carbonic anhydrase, and gray matter volume alterations in zinc-enriched brain regions and various subtypes of epilepsy based on Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. And then, this study conducted GO/KEGG analysis based on colocalization analysis, MAGMA analysis, lasso regression, random forest model, and XGBoost model. The results of Mendelian randomization analyses showed a causal relationship between zinc, carbonic anhydrase-4, and generalized epilepsy (p = 0.044 , p = 0.010). Additionally, carbonic anhydrase-1 and gray matter volume of the caudate nucleus were found to be associated with epilepsy and focal epilepsy (p = 0.014, p = 0.003 and p = 0.022, p = 0.009). A colocalization relationship was found between epilepsy and focal epilepsy (PP.H4.abf = 97.7e - 2). Meanwhile, the MAGMA analysis indicated that SNPs associated with epilepsy and focal epilepsy were functionally localized to zinc-finger-protein-related genes (p < 1.0e - 5). The genes associated with focal epilepsy were found to have a molecular function of zinc ion binding (FDR = 2.3e - 6). After the onset of epilepsy, the function of the gene whose expression changed in the rats with focal epilepsy was enriched in the biological process of vascular response (FDR = 4.0e - 5). These results revealed mechanism of the increased risk of epilepsy caused by elevated zinc may be related to the increase of zinc ion-dependent carbonic anhydrase or the increase of the volume of zinc-rich caudate gray matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadong Luo
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Junqiang Li
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xuhui Liu
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xuejuan Liu
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Wenzhao Zhang
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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Nesti L, Tricò D, Mengozzi A, Natali A. Rethinking pioglitazone as a cardioprotective agent: a new perspective on an overlooked drug. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:109. [PMID: 34006325 PMCID: PMC8130304 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1985, the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone has been widely used as an insulin sensitizer drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although fluid retention was early recognized as a safety concern, data from clinical trials have not provided conclusive evidence for a benefit or a harm on cardiac function, leaving the question unanswered. We reviewed the available evidence encompassing both in vitro and in vivo studies in tissues, isolated organs, animals and humans, including the evidence generated by major clinical trials. Despite the increased risk of hospitalization for heart failure due to fluid retention, pioglitazone is consistently associated with reduced risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke both in primary and secondary prevention, without any proven direct harm on the myocardium. Moreover, it reduces atherosclerosis progression, in-stent restenosis after coronary stent implantation, progression rate from persistent to permanent atrial fibrillation, and reablation rate in diabetic patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation. In fact, human and animal studies consistently report direct beneficial effects on cardiomyocytes electrophysiology, energetic metabolism, ischemia–reperfusion injury, cardiac remodeling, neurohormonal activation, pulmonary circulation and biventricular systo-diastolic functions. The mechanisms involved may rely either on anti-remodeling properties (endothelium protective, inflammation-modulating, anti-proliferative and anti-fibrotic properties) and/or on metabolic (adipose tissue metabolism, increased HDL cholesterol) and neurohormonal (renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, and adiponectin) modulation of the cardiovascular system. With appropriate prescription and titration, pioglitazone remains a useful tool in the arsenal of the clinical diabetologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nesti
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy. .,Cardiopulmonary Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Domenico Tricò
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mengozzi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Natali
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiopulmonary Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Gbr AA, Abdel Baky NA, Mohamed EA, Zaky HS. Cardioprotective effect of pioglitazone and curcumin against diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus: impact on CaMKII/NF-κB/TGF-β1 and PPAR-γ signaling pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:349-360. [PMID: 32984914 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of death in diabetic patients, which is currently without available specific treatment. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of pioglitazone (Pio) and curcumin (Cur) against DCM in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with pointing to their role on Ca+2/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression. Diabetes was induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats by administration of single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (52.5 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were administered either Pio (20 mg/kg/day) or Cur (100 mg/kg/day) orally for 6 weeks. Treatment with Pio and/or Cur markedly reduced serum cardiac injury markers and lipid profile markers in diabetic animals. Additionally, Pio and/or Cur treatment mitigated oxidative stress and fibrosis in diabetic rats as evident from the significant suppression in myocardial lipid peroxidation and tumor growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) level, with concomitant significant elevation in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and improvement in histopathological architecture of heart tissue. Pio/Cur treatment protocol accomplished its cardioprotective effect by depressing cardiac CaMKII/NF-κB signaling accompanied by enhancement in PPAR-γ expression. Conclusively, these findings demonstrated the therapeutic potential of Pio/Cur regimen in alleviating DCM in T1DM through modulation of CaMKII and PPAR-γ expression. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya A Gbr
- Egypt Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo, P.N.11754, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo, P.N.11754, Egypt
| | - Heba S Zaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo, P.N.11754, Egypt
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Adriaens ME, Lodder EM, Moreno‐Moral A, Šilhavý J, Heinig M, Glinge C, Belterman C, Wolswinkel R, Petretto E, Pravenec M, Remme CA, Bezzina CR. Systems Genetics Approaches in Rat Identify Novel Genes and Gene Networks Associated With Cardiac Conduction. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009243. [PMID: 30608189 PMCID: PMC6404199 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Electrocardiographic ( ECG ) parameters are regarded as intermediate phenotypes of cardiac arrhythmias. Insight into the genetic underpinnings of these parameters is expected to contribute to the understanding of cardiac arrhythmia mechanisms. Here we used HXB / BXH recombinant inbred rat strains to uncover genetic loci and candidate genes modulating ECG parameters. Methods and Results RR interval, PR interval, QRS duration, and QT c interval were measured from ECG s obtained in 6 male rats from each of the 29 available HXB / BXH recombinant inbred strains. Genes at loci displaying significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) effects were prioritized by assessing the presence of protein-altering variants, and by assessment of cis expression QTL ( eQTL ) effects and correlation of transcript abundance to the respective trait in the heart. Cardiac RNA -seq data were additionally used to generate gene co-expression networks. QTL analysis of ECG parameters identified 2 QTL for PR interval, respectively, on chromosomes 10 and 17. At the chromosome 10 QTL , cis- eQTL effects were identified for Acbd4, Cd300lg, Fam171a2, and Arhgap27; the transcript abundance in the heart of these 4 genes was correlated with PR interval. At the chromosome 17 QTL , a cis- eQTL was uncovered for Nhlrc1 candidate gene; the transcript abundance of this gene was also correlated with PR interval. Co-expression analysis furthermore identified 50 gene networks, 6 of which were correlated with PR interval or QRS duration, both parameters of cardiac conduction. Conclusions These newly identified genetic loci and gene networks associated with the ECG parameters of cardiac conduction provide a starting point for future studies with the potential of identifying novel mechanisms underlying cardiac electrical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel E. Adriaens
- Department of Experimental CardiologyHeart CentreAcademic Medical Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M. Lodder
- Department of Experimental CardiologyHeart CentreAcademic Medical Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Šilhavý
- Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPragueCzech Republic
| | - Matthias Heinig
- Institute of Computational BiologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenMünchenGermany
| | - Charlotte Glinge
- Department of Experimental CardiologyHeart CentreAcademic Medical Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Charly Belterman
- Department of Experimental CardiologyHeart CentreAcademic Medical Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rianne Wolswinkel
- Department of Experimental CardiologyHeart CentreAcademic Medical Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Enrico Petretto
- The MRC London Institute of Medical SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Duke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPragueCzech Republic
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental CardiologyHeart CentreAcademic Medical Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Connie R. Bezzina
- Department of Experimental CardiologyHeart CentreAcademic Medical Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Chen TS, Lai MC, Hung TY, Lin KM, Huang CW, Wu SN. Pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ Activator, Stimulates BK Ca but Suppresses IK M in Hippocampal Neurons. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:977. [PMID: 30210346 PMCID: PMC6123368 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone (PIO), a thiazolidinedone, was reported to stimulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) with anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-diabetic, and antidepressive activities. However, whether this compound exerts any perturbations on Ca2+-activated K+ and M-type K+ currents in central neurons remains largely unresolved. In this study, we investigated the effects of PIO on these potassium currents in hippocampal neurons (mHippoE-14). In whole-cell current recordings, the presence of PIO (10 μM) increased the amplitude of Ca2+-activated K+ current [IK(Ca)] in mHippoE-14 cells. PIO-induced stimulation of IK(Ca) observed in these cells was reversed by subsequent addition of paxilline, yet not by TRAM-39 or apamin. In inside-out current recordings, PIO applied to the bath concentration-dependently increased the activity of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels with an EC50 value of 7.6 μM. Its activation of BKCa channels in mHippoE-14 cells was voltage-dependent and accompanied by both a lengthening in mean open time and a shortening in slow component of mean closed time. The activation curve of BKCa channels after addition of PIO was shifted to less depolarized potential without any change in the gating charge. PIO also suppressed the amplitude of M-type K+ currents inherently in mHippoE-14 neurons. Taken together, in addition to its agonistic action on PPAR-γ, PIO-induced perturbation of these potassium channels may be responsible for its widely pharmacological actions on hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsang-Shan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tainan Sin-Lau Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yu Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Min Lin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Salem KA, Sydorenko V, Qureshi M, Oz M, Howarth FC. Effects of pioglitazone on ventricular myocyte shortening and Ca(2+) transport in the Goto-Kakizaki type 2 diabetic rat. Physiol Res 2018; 67:57-68. [PMID: 29137481 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone (PIO) is a thiazolidindione antidiabetic agent which improves insulin sensitivity and reduces blood glucose in experimental animals and treated patients. At the cellular level the actions of PIO in diabetic heart are poorly understood. A previous study has demonstrated shortened action potential duration and inhibition of a variety of transmembrane currents including L-type Ca(2+) current in normal canine ventricular myocytes. The effects of PIO on shortening and calcium transport in ventricular myocytes from the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) type 2 diabetic rat have been investigated. 10 min exposure to PIO (0.1-10 microM) reduced the amplitude of shortening to similar extents in ventricular myocytes from GK and control rats. 1 microM PIO reduced the amplitude of the Ca(2+) transients to similar extents in ventricular myocytes from GK and control rats. Caffeine-induced Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and recovery of Ca(2+) transients following application of caffeine and myofilament sensitivity to Ca(2+) were not significantly altered in ventricular myocytes from GK and control rats. Amplitude of L-type Ca(2+) current was not significantly decreased in myocytes from GK compared to control rats and by PIO treatment. The negative inotropic effects of PIO may be attributed to a reduction in the amplitude of the Ca(2+) transient however, the mechanisms remain to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Salem
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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