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Zhang H, Zhang X, Li H, Wang B, Chen P, Meng J. The roles of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in retinal diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:309-315. [PMID: 37488883 PMCID: PMC10503606 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a multifunctional cytokine, is secreted by various cells and participates in inflammatory reactions, including innate and adaptive immunity. There are some evidences that MIF is involved in many vitreoretinal diseases. For example, MIF can exacerbate many types of uveitis; measurements of MIF levels can be used to monitor the effectiveness of uveitis treatment. MIF also alleviates trauma-induced and glaucoma-induced optic nerve damage. Furthermore, MIF is critical for retinal/choroidal neovascularization, especially complex neovascularization. MIF exacerbates retinal degeneration; thus, anti-MIF therapy may help to mitigate retinal degeneration. MIF protects uveal melanoma from attacks by natural killer cells. The mechanism underlying the effects of MIF in these diseases has been demonstrated: it binds to cluster of differentiation 74, inhibits the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway, and triggers mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2, and the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway. MIF also upregulates Toll-like receptor 4 and activates the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway. This review focuses on the structure and function of MIF and its receptors, including the effects of MIF on uveal inflammation, retinal degeneration, optic neuropathy, retinal/choroidal neovascularization, and uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xianjiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hongsong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiamin Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Vázquez A, González MI, Reyes JL. Targeting macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): a promising therapy for inflammatory ocular diseases. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2023; 13:37. [PMID: 37626184 PMCID: PMC10457254 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-023-00361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory ocular diseases are characterized by the presence of a persistent inflammatory response which cause tissue injury, decrease visual acuity and in severe cases, blindness. Several cytokines represent a therapeutic opportunity since they are key amplifiers of these pathologies, and thus neutralizing agents against them have been developed. Amongst others, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an early produced inflammatory cytokine, has consistently been found elevated in patients with distinct ocular diseases (inflammatory and autoimmune). Here, we present and discuss evidence showing that preclinical trials using diverse strategies to neutralize MIF resulted in significant attenuation of disease signs and therefore MIF blockage might be a promising therapy for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Ocular, Carrera de Optometría, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, 54090, México.
| | - Marisol I González
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental y Regulación de la Inflamación Hepato-Intestinal, UBIMED, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, 54090, México
| | - José L Reyes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental y Regulación de la Inflamación Hepato-Intestinal, UBIMED, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, 54090, México.
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Watanabe K, Asano D, Ushikubo H, Morita A, Mori A, Sakamoto K, Ishii K, Nakahara T. Metformin Protects against NMDA-Induced Retinal Injury through the MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094439. [PMID: 33922757 PMCID: PMC8123037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug of the biguanide class, exerts positive effects in several non-diabetes-related diseases. In this study, we aimed to examine the protective effects of metformin against N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced excitotoxic retinal damage in rats and determine the mechanisms of its protective effects. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (7 to 9 weeks old) were used in this study. Following intravitreal injection of NMDA (200 nmol/eye), the number of neuronal cells in the ganglion cell layer and parvalbumin-positive amacrine cells decreased, whereas the number of CD45-positive leukocytes and Iba1-positive microglia increased. Metformin attenuated these NMDA-induced responses. The neuroprotective effect of metformin was abolished by compound C, an inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The AMPK activator, AICAR, exerted a neuroprotective effect in NMDA-induced retinal injury. The MEK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, reduced the neuroprotective effect of metformin. These results suggest that metformin protects against NMDA-induced retinal neurotoxicity through activation of the AMPK and MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. This neuroprotective effect could be partially attributable to the inhibitory effects on inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; (K.W.); (D.A.); (H.U.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (K.S.); (K.I.)
| | - Daiki Asano
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; (K.W.); (D.A.); (H.U.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (K.S.); (K.I.)
| | - Hiroko Ushikubo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; (K.W.); (D.A.); (H.U.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (K.S.); (K.I.)
- Center for Pharmaceutical Education, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan
| | - Akane Morita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; (K.W.); (D.A.); (H.U.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (K.S.); (K.I.)
| | - Asami Mori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; (K.W.); (D.A.); (H.U.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (K.S.); (K.I.)
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; (K.W.); (D.A.); (H.U.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (K.S.); (K.I.)
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kunio Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; (K.W.); (D.A.); (H.U.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (K.S.); (K.I.)
- Center for Pharmaceutical Education, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; (K.W.); (D.A.); (H.U.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (K.S.); (K.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-3-3444-6205
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Chen Y, Wang CY, Zhao L, Hong YP, Zhang XY, Mei FC, Zhou Y, Guo WY, Shi Q, Zhao KL, Chen C, Yu J, Wang WX. Inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor prevents thyroid dysfunction in pregnant rats with acute pancreatitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106771. [PMID: 32683302 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis during pregnancy (APIP) rarely occurs but may lead to preterm delivery and be associated with high fetal mortality. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) participates in various inflammatory diseases as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of (S, R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4, 5dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic methyl ester (ISO-1), an inhibitor of MIF, on maternal thyroid injury associated with APIP and its potential mechanisms in a pregnant rat model. APIP model was induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate. ISO-1 was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before model establishment. The severity of pancreatitis was assessed by levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL-6 of maternal serum as well as histopathological score. Thyroid injury was determined by free triiodothyronine (FT3), free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) and thyroid histopathological score. Levels of MIF in maternal serum and the expression of MIF, CD68, CD3 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as well as oxidative stress status in maternal thyroid tissues were detected. Ultrastructure of maternal thyroid tissues was observed by transmission electron microscope. Thyroid injuries occurred in APIP and the lesions were attenuated with the pretreatment of ISO-1. Moreover, ISO-1 reduced the expression of MIF, attenuated the activations of CD68, CD3, ICAM-1 while improved oxidative stress status in maternal thyroid. Our research suggested a protective role of ISO-1 on thyroid injury and endocrine disorder during APIP, which may be associated with the inhibition of biological functions of MIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Chen-Yang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Pu Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Fang-Chao Mei
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Yi Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qiao Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Kai-Liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Wei-Xing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China.
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Wang C, Zuo B, Wu X. The Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Remote Ischemic Postconditioning. Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:501-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Li X, Li C, Tang Y, Huang Y, Cheng Q, Huang X, Zhao F, Hao C, Feng D, Xu J, Han J, Tang S, Liu W, Yue S, Luo Z. NMDA receptor activation inhibits the antifibrotic effect of BM-MSCs on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L404-L421. [PMID: 29722562 PMCID: PMC6172623 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00002.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous glutamate (Glu) release and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) activation are associated with lung injury in different animal models. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), which show potential use for immunomodulation and tissue protection, play a protective role in pulmonary fibrosis (PF) process. Here, we found the increased Glu release from the BM cells of bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF mice in vivo. BLM stimulation also increased the extracellular Glu in BM-MSCs via the antiporter system xc− in vitro. The gene expression of each subunit of NMDAR was detected in BM-MSCs. NMDAR activation inhibited the proliferation, migration, and paracrine function of BM-MSCs in vitro. BM-MSCs were derived from male C57BL/6 mice, transfected with lentiviral vectors carrying the enhanced green fluorescence protein gene, pretreated with NMDA, and transplanted into the female recipient mice that were intratracheally injected with BLM to induce PF. Transplantation of NMDA-pretreated BM-MSCs significantly aggravated PF as compared with that in the normal BM-MSCs transplantation group. The sex determination gene Y chromosome and green fluorescence protein genes of BM-MSCs were detected to observe BM-MSCs homing in the fibrotic lungs. Moreover, NMDAR activation inhibited BM-MSC migration by downregulating the stromal cell-derived factor-1/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 signaling axis. NMDAR activation aggravated the transforming growth factor-β1-induced extracellular matrix production in alveolar epithelial cells and fibroblasts through the paracrine effects of BM-MSCs. In summary, these findings suggested that NMDAR activation-mediated Glu excitotoxicity induced by BLM in BM-MSCs abolished the therapeutic effects of normal BM-MSCs transplantation on BLM-induced PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Physiology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi , China
| | - Yiting Tang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Yanhong Huang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Qingmei Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Feiyan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Caixia Hao
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Jianzhong Han
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Siyuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Wei Liu
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Shaojie Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Ziqiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
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MIF Inhibitor ISO-1 Protects Photoreceptors and Reduces Gliosis in Experimental Retinal Detachment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14336. [PMID: 29084983 PMCID: PMC5662618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor death and retinal gliosis underlie the majority of vision threatening retinal diseases including retinal detachment (RD). Although the underlying pathobiology of vision limiting processes in RD is not fully understood, inflammation is known to play a critical role. We conducted an iTRAQ proteomic screen of up- and down-regulated proteins in a murine model of RD to identify potential targetable candidates. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was identified and evaluated for neurotoxic and pro-gliotic effects during RD. Systemic administration of the MIF inhibitor ISO-1 significantly blocked photoreceptor apoptosis, outer nuclear layer (ONL) thinning, and retinal gliosis. ISO-1 and MIF knockout (MIFKO) had greater accumulation of Müller glia pERK expression in the detached retina, suggesting that Müller survival pathways might underlie the neuroprotective response. Our data show the feasibility of the MIF-inhibitor ISO-1 to block pathological damage responses in retinal detachment and provide a rationale to explore MIF inhibition as a potential therapeutic option for RD.
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Kuehn S, Rodust C, Stute G, Grotegut P, Meißner W, Reinehr S, Dick HB, Joachim SC. Concentration-Dependent Inner Retina Layer Damage and Optic Nerve Degeneration in a NMDA Model. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 63:283-299. [PMID: 28963708 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The intravitreal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), a glutamate analogue, is an established model for fast retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. Yet, NMDA does not cause specific RGC damage. Now, the effects on the whole retina were analyzed. Additionally, the related effects for the structure and apoptotic levels of the optic nerve were investigated. Therefore, different NMDA concentrations were intravitreally injected in rats (20, 40, or 80 nmol NMDA or PBS). At days 3 and 14, Brn-3a+ RGCs were degenerated. A damage of calretinin+ amacrine cells was also recognized at day 14. Only a slight damage was observed in regard to PKCα+ bipolar cells, while rhodopsin+ photoreceptors remained intact. A long-lasting retinal microglia response was observed from day 3 up to day 14. Furthermore, a partial degeneration of the optic nerve was noted. At day 3, the SMI-32+ neurofilaments were just slightly affected, whereas the neurofilament structure was further degenerated at day 14. However, the luxol fast blue (LFB)-stained myelin structure remained intact from day 3 up to day 14. Interestingly, apoptotic mechanisms, like FasL and Fas co-localization as well as caspase 3 activation, were restricted to the optic nerve of the highest NMDA group at this late stage of degeneration. The degeneration of the optic nerve is probably only a side effect of neuronal degeneration of the inner retinal layers. The intact myelin structure might form a barrier against the direct influence of NMDA. In conclusion, this model is very suitable to test therapeutic agents, but it is important to analyze all inner retina layers and the optic nerve to determine their efficacy in this model more precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kuehn
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Cara Rodust
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gesa Stute
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Pia Grotegut
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Meißner
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sabrina Reinehr
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - H Burkhard Dick
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie C Joachim
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany.
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Hayashi I, Aoki Y, Asano D, Ushikubo H, Mori A, Sakamoto K, Nakahara T, Ishii K. Protective Effects of Everolimus against N-Methyl-D-aspartic Acid-Induced Retinal Damage in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:1765-71. [PMID: 26521828 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protects against N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced retinal neurotoxicity, but the mechanism underlying this protection is not fully understood. The present study aimed to examine the effects of everolimus, another inhibitor of mTOR, on neuronal cell loss and inflammation in a rat model of NMDA-induced retinal neurotoxicity, and to determine whether the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway contributes to the protective effect of everolimus. Intravitreal injection of NMDA (200 nmol) resulted in (1) cell loss in the ganglion cell layer, (2) increase in the numbers of CD45-positive leukocytes and Iba1-positive microglia, and (3) phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (pS6), a downstream indicator of mTOR activity. Simultaneous injection of everolimus with NMDA significantly attenuated these NMDA-induced responses. The neuroprotective effect of everolimus was almost completely prevented by the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor U0126 (1 nmol). NMDA increased the level of phosphorylated ERK (pERK) in Müller cells, and increase in pERK levels was also observed after co-injection of NMDA and everolimus. These results suggest that everolimus has a neuroprotective effect against NMDA-induced retinal neurotoxicity, an effect that seems to be mediated partly by activation of the ERK pathway in Müller cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Hayashi I, Aoki Y, Ushikubo H, Asano D, Mori A, Sakamoto K, Nakahara T, Ishii K. Protective effects of PF-4708671 against N-methyl-d-aspartic acid-induced retinal damage in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:529-536. [PMID: 27371338 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protects against N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced retinal damage in rats. Rapamycin inhibits mTOR activity, thereby preventing the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6, which is a downstream target of S6 kinase. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether PF-4708671, an inhibitor of S6 kinase, protects against NMDA-induced retinal injury. Intravitreal injection of NMDA (200 nmol/eye) caused cell loss in the ganglion cell layer and neuroinflammatory responses, such as an increase in the number of CD45-positive leukocytes and Iba1-positive microglia. Surprisingly, simultaneous injection of PF-4708671 (50 nmol/eye) with NMDA significantly attenuated these responses without affecting phosphorylated S6 levels. These results suggest that PF-4708671 and rapamycin likely protect against NMDA-induced retinal damage via distinct pathways. The neuroprotective effect of PF-4708671 is unlikely to be associated with inhibition of the S6 kinase, even though PF-4708671 is reported to be a S6 kinase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yuto Aoki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ushikubo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Daiki Asano
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Asami Mori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kunio Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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Aoki Y, Nakahara T, Asano D, Ushikubo H, Mori A, Sakamoto K, Ishii K. Preventive effects of rapamycin on inflammation and capillary degeneration in a rat model of NMDA-induced retinal injury. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:321-4. [PMID: 25747992 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have been shown to protect against neuronal injury, but the mechanisms underlying this effect are not fully understood. The present study aimed to examine the effects of rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mTOR pathway, on inflammation and capillary degeneration in a rat model of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal neurotoxicity. Inflammation and capillary degeneration were evaluated by counting the numbers of CD45-positive leukocytes and Iba1-positive microglia, and by measuring the length of empty basement membrane sleeves, respectively. Marked increases in the numbers of leukocytes and microglia were observed 1 d after intravitreal injection of NMDA (200 nmol), and significant capillary degeneration was observed after 7 d. These NMDA-induced changes were significantly reduced by the simultaneous injection of rapamycin (20 nmol) with NMDA. These results suggest that rapamycin has preventive effects on inflammation and capillary degeneration during retinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Aoki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Chintala S, Cheng M, Zhang X. Decreased Expression of DREAM Promotes the Degeneration of Retinal Neurons. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127776. [PMID: 26020793 PMCID: PMC4447264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic mechanisms that promote the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) following the activation of N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are unclear. In this study, we have investigated the role of downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) in NMDA-mediated degeneration of the retina. NMDA, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and MK801 were injected into the vitreous humor of C57BL/6 mice. At 12, 24, and 48 hours after injection, expression of DREAM in the retina was determined by immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, and electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA). Apoptotic death of cells in the retina was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferace dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Degeneration of RGCs in cross sections and in whole mount retinas was determined by using antibodies against Tuj1 and Brn3a respectively. Degeneration of amacrine cells and bipolar cells was determined by using antibodies against calretinin and protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha respectively. DREAM was expressed constitutively in RGCs, amacrine cells, bipolar cells, as well as in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). NMDA promoted a progressive decrease in DREAM levels in all three cell types over time, and at 48 h after NMDA-treatment very low DREAM levels were evident in the IPL only. DREAM expression in retinal nuclear proteins was decreased progressively after NMDA-treatment, and correlated with its decreased binding to the c-fos-DRE oligonucleotides. A decrease in DREAM expression correlated significantly with apoptotic death of RGCs, amacrine cells and bipolar cells. Treatment of eyes with NMDA antagonist MK801, restored DREAM expression to almost normal levels in the retina, and significantly decreased NMDA-mediated apoptotic death of RGCs, amacrine cells, and bipolar cells. Results presented in this study show for the first time that down-regulation of DREAM promotes the degeneration of RGCs, amacrine cells, and bipolar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Chintala
- Laboratory of Ophthalmic Neurobiology, and Eye Research Institute of Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mei Cheng
- Laboratory of Ophthalmic Neurobiology, and Eye Research Institute of Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Laboratory of Ophthalmic Neurobiology, and Eye Research Institute of Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
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Li Y, Liu Y, Peng X, Liu W, Zhao F, Feng D, Han J, Huang Y, Luo S, Li L, Yue SJ, Cheng Q, Huang X, Luo Z. NMDA Receptor Antagonist Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Acute Lung Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125873. [PMID: 25942563 PMCID: PMC4420245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glutamate is a major neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Large amount of glutamate can overstimulate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), causing neuronal injury and death. Recently, NMDAR has been reported to be found in the lungs. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of memantine, a NMDAR channel blocker, on bleomycin-induced lung injury mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally injected with bleomycin (BLM) to induce lung injury. Mice were randomized to receive saline, memantine (Me), BLM, BLM plus Me. Lungs and BALF were harvested on day 3 or 7 for further evaluation. Results BLM caused leukocyte infiltration, pulmonary edema and increase in cytokines, and imposed significant oxidative stress (MDA as a marker) in lungs. Memantine significantly mitigated the oxidative stress, lung inflammatory response and acute lung injury caused by BLM. Moreover, activation of NMDAR enhances CD11b expression on neutrophils. Conclusions Memantine mitigates oxidative stress, lung inflammatory response and acute lung injury in BLM challenged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - XiangPing Peng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - FeiYan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - DanDan Feng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - JianZhong Han
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - YanHong Huang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - SiWei Luo
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shao Jie Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - QingMei Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - XiaoTing Huang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - ZiQiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Differential effects of P2Y1 deletion on glial activation and survival of photoreceptors and amacrine cells in the ischemic mouse retina. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1353. [PMID: 25077539 PMCID: PMC4123106 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gliosis of retinal Müller glial cells may have both beneficial and detrimental effects on neurons. To investigate the role of purinergic signaling in ischemia-induced reactive gliosis, transient retinal ischemia was evoked by elevation of the intraocular pressure in wild-type (Wt) mice and in mice deficient in the glia-specific nucleotide receptor P2Y1 (P2Y1 receptor-deficient (P2Y1R-KO)). While control retinae of P2Y1R-KO mice displayed reduced cell numbers in the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers, ischemia induced apoptotic death of cells in all retinal layers in both, Wt and P2Y1R-KO mice, but the damage especially on photoreceptors was more pronounced in retinae of P2Y1R-KO mice. In contrast, gene expression profiling and histological data suggest an increased survival of amacrine cells in the postischemic retina of P2Y1R-KO mice. Interestingly, measuring the ischemia-induced downregulation of inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir)-mediated K+ currents as an indicator, reactive Müller cell gliosis was found to be weaker in P2Y1R-KO (current amplitude decreased by 18%) than in Wt mice (decrease by 68%). The inner retina harbors those neurons generating action potentials, which strongly rely on an intact ion homeostasis. This may explain why especially these cells appear to benefit from the preserved Kir4.1 expression in Müller cells, which should allow them to keep up their function in the context of spatial buffering of potassium. Especially under ischemic conditions, maintenance of this Müller cell function may dampen cytotoxic neuronal hyperexcitation and subsequent neuronal cell loss. In sum, we found that purinergic signaling modulates the gliotic activation pattern of Müller glia and lack of P2Y1 has janus-faced effects. In the end, the differential effects of a disrupted P2Y1 signaling onto neuronal survival in the ischemic retina call the putative therapeutical use of P2Y1-antagonists into question.
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