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Maknis TR, Fussi MF, Pariani AP, Huhn V, Vena R, Favre C, Molinas SM, Larocca MC. Activation of angiotensin II type 2 receptor leads to preservation of primary cilia in tubular cells during renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39146457 DOI: 10.1113/jp286514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischaemia-reperfusion (IR)-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe clinical condition that lacks effective pharmacological treatments. Our recent research revealed that pretreatment with the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist C21 alleviates kidney damage during IR. Primary cilia are organelles crucial for regulation of epithelial cell homeostasis, which are significantly affected by IR injury. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of AT2R activation on cilia integrity during IR and to identify pathways involved in the nephroprotective effect of C21. Rats were subjected to 40 min of unilateral ischaemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Immunofluorescence analysis of the kidneys showed that the nephroprotective effect of C21 was associated with preservation of cilia integrity in tubular cells. AT2R agonists increased α-tubulin acetylation in primary cilia in tubular cells in vivo and in a cell model. Analysis of ERK phosphorylation indicated that AT2R activation led to diminished activation of ERK1/2 in tubular cells. Similar to AT2R agonists, inhibitors of α-tubulin deacetylase HDAC6 or inhibitors of ERK activation ameliorated IR-induced cell death and preserved cilia integrity. Immunofluorescence analysis of tubular cells revealed significant ERK localization at primary cilia and demonstrated that ERK inhibition increased cilia levels of acetylated α-tubulin. Overall, our findings demonstrate that C21 elicits a preconditioning effect that enhances cilia stability in renal tubular cells, thereby preserving their integrity when exposed to IR injury. Furthermore, our results indicate that this effect might be mediated by AT2R-induced inhibition of ERK activation. These findings offer potential insights for the development of pharmacological interventions to mitigate IR-associated AKI. KEY POINTS: The AT2R agonist C21 prevents primary cilia shortening and tubular cell deciliation during renal ischaemia-reperfusion. AT2R activation inhibits ERK1/2 in renal tubular cells. Both AT2R agonists and ERK1/2 inhibitors increase alpha-tubulin acetylation at the primary cilium in tubular cells. AT2R activation, ERK1/2 inhibition or inhibition of alpha-tubulin deacetylation elicit protective effects in tubular cells subjected to ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Rivabella Maknis
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FBIOyF), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - M Fernanda Fussi
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FBIOyF), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alejandro P Pariani
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FBIOyF), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Victoria Huhn
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FBIOyF), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Vena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cristián Favre
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FBIOyF), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Sara M Molinas
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FBIOyF), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - M Cecilia Larocca
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FBIOyF), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
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Wei X, Jin J, Wu J, He Y, Guo J, Yang Z, Chen L, Hu K, Li L, Jia M, Li Q, Lv X, Ge F, Ma S, Wu H, Zhi X, Wang X, Jiang L, Osto E, Zhang J, Meng D. Cardiac-specific BACH1 ablation attenuates pathological cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the Ang II type 1 receptor expression and the Ca2+/CaMKII pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1842-1855. [PMID: 37279500 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS BACH1 is up-regulated in hypertrophic hearts, but its function in cardiac hypertrophy remains largely unknown. This research investigates the function and mechanisms of BACH1 in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS Male cardiac-specific BACH1 knockout mice or cardiac-specific BACH1 transgenic (BACH1-Tg) mice and their respective wild-type littermates developed cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) or transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Cardiac-specific BACH1 knockout in mice protected the hearts against Ang II- and TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and preserved cardiac function. Conversely, cardiac-specific BACH1 overexpression markedly exaggerated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and reduced cardiac function in mice with Ang II- and TAC-induced hypertrophy. Mechanistically, BACH1 silencing attenuated Ang II- and norepinephrine-stimulated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signalling, the expression of hypertrophic genes, and hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. Ang II stimulation promoted the nuclear localization of BACH1, facilitated the recruitment of BACH1 to the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene promoter, and then increased the expression of AT1R. Inhibition of BACH1 attenuated Ang II-stimulated AT1R expression, cytosolic Ca2+ levels, and CaMKII activation in cardiomyocytes, whereas overexpression of BACH1 led to the opposite effects. The increased expression of hypertrophic genes induced by BACH1 overexpression upon Ang II stimulation was suppressed by CaMKII inhibitor KN93. The AT1R antagonist, losartan, significantly attenuated BACH1-mediated CaMKII activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy under Ang II stimulation in vitro. Similarly, Ang II-induced myocardial pathological hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and dysfunction in BACH1-Tg mice were blunted by treatment with losartan. CONCLUSION This study elucidates a novel important role of BACH1 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy by regulating the AT1R expression and the Ca2+/CaMKII pathway, and highlights potential therapeutic target in pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital Immunotherapy Translational Research Center, 446 Zhaojiabang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayu Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunquan He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jieyu Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaohua Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Kui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83 Zhongshan East Road, Nanming District, Guizhou 550499, China
| | - Liliang Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengping Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qinhan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lv
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Siyu Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huijie Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiuling Zhi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lindi Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Elena Osto
- University and University Hospital Zurich, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Wagistrasse 14, Zurich CH 8952, Switzerland
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G094-J, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Dan Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
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Ran L, Yan T, Zhang Y, Niu Z, Kan Z, Song Z. The recycling regulation of sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 3(NHE3) in epithelial cells. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:2565-2582. [PMID: 34822321 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.2005274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main exchanger of electroneutral NaCl absorption, sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) circulates in the epithelial brush border (BB) and intracellular compartments in a multi-protein complex. The size of the NHE3 complex changes during rapid regulation events. Recycling regulation of NHE3 in epithelial cells can be roughly divided into three stages. First, when stimulated by Ca2+, cGMP, and cAMP-dependent signaling pathways, NHE3 is converted from an immobile complex found at the apical microvilli (MV) into an easily internalized and mobile form that relocates to a compartment near the base of the MV. Second, NHE3 is internalized by clathrin and albumin-dependent pathways into cytoplasmic endosomal compartments, where the complex is reprocessed and reassembled. Finally, NHE3 is translocated from the recycling endosomes (REs) to the apex of epithelial cells, a process that can be stimulated by an increase in sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) activity, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, Ca2+ signaling, and binding to βPix and SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 2 (Shank2) proteins. This review describes the molecular steps and protein interactions involved in the recycling movement of NHE3 from the apex of epithelial cells, into vesicles, where it is reprocessed and reassembled, and returned to its original location on the plasma membrane, where it exerts its physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ran
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yiling Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, China
| | - Zheng Niu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, China
| | - Zifei Kan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, China
| | - Zhenhui Song
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, China
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Effects of the Na +/H + Ion Exchanger on Susceptibility to COVID-19 and the Course of the Disease. JOURNAL OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM : JRAAS 2021. [PMID: 34285709 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4754440.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Na+/H+ ion exchanger (NHE) pumps Na+ inward the cell and H+ ion outside the cell. NHE activity increases in response to a decrease in intracellular pH, and it maintains intracellular pH in a narrow range. Patients with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension and the elderly are prone to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The angiotensin II (Ang II) level is high in chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Ang II is the main stimulator of NHE, and an increased Ang II level causes prolonged NHE activation in these patients. The long-term increase in NHE activity causes H+ ions to leave the cell in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Increasing H+ ions outside the cell lead to an increase in oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species. H+ ion flows into the cell due to the increased oxidative stress. This vicious circle causes intracellular pH to drop. Although NHE is activated when intracellular pH decreases, there is prolonged NHE activation in chronic diseases such as aforementioned. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression may be more severe and mortal in these patients. SARS-CoV-2 readily invades the cell at low intracellular pH and causes infection. The renin-angiotensin system and NHE play a vital role in regulating intracellular pH. The reduction of NHE activity or its prolonged activation may cause susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection by lowering intracellular pH in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Prolonged NHE activation in these patients with COVID-19 may worsen the course of the disease. Scientists continue to investigate the mechanism of the disease and the factors that affect its clinical progression.
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Cumhur Cure M, Cure E. Effects of the Na +/H + Ion Exchanger on Susceptibility to COVID-19 and the Course of the Disease. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021; 2021:4754440. [PMID: 34285709 PMCID: PMC8265032 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4754440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Na+/H+ ion exchanger (NHE) pumps Na+ inward the cell and H+ ion outside the cell. NHE activity increases in response to a decrease in intracellular pH, and it maintains intracellular pH in a narrow range. Patients with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension and the elderly are prone to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The angiotensin II (Ang II) level is high in chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Ang II is the main stimulator of NHE, and an increased Ang II level causes prolonged NHE activation in these patients. The long-term increase in NHE activity causes H+ ions to leave the cell in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Increasing H+ ions outside the cell lead to an increase in oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species. H+ ion flows into the cell due to the increased oxidative stress. This vicious circle causes intracellular pH to drop. Although NHE is activated when intracellular pH decreases, there is prolonged NHE activation in chronic diseases such as aforementioned. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression may be more severe and mortal in these patients. SARS-CoV-2 readily invades the cell at low intracellular pH and causes infection. The renin-angiotensin system and NHE play a vital role in regulating intracellular pH. The reduction of NHE activity or its prolonged activation may cause susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection by lowering intracellular pH in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Prolonged NHE activation in these patients with COVID-19 may worsen the course of the disease. Scientists continue to investigate the mechanism of the disease and the factors that affect its clinical progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medine Cumhur Cure
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Private Kucukcekmece Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Cure
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Ota&Jinemed Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Quiles JL, Rivas-García L, Varela-López A, Llopis J, Battino M, Sánchez-González C. Do nutrients and other bioactive molecules from foods have anything to say in the treatment against COVID-19? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110053. [PMID: 32835682 PMCID: PMC7442575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The repositioning of therapeutic agents already approved by the regulatory agencies for the use of drugs is very interesting due to the immediacy of their use; similarly, the possibility of using molecules derived from foods, whether nutrients or not, is of great importance, also because of their immediate therapeutic applicability. Candidates for these natural therapies against COVID-19 should show certain effects, such as restoring mitochondrial function and cellular redox balance. This would allow reducing the susceptibility of risk groups and the cascade of events after SARS-CoV-2 infection, responsible for the clinical picture, triggered by the imbalance towards oxidation, inflammation, and cytokine storm. Possible strategies to follow through the use of substances of food origin would include: a) the promotion of mitophagy to remove dysfunctional mitochondria originating from free radicals, proton imbalance and virus evasion of the immune system; b) the administration of transition metals whose redox activity would lead to their own oxidation and the consequent generation of a reduced environment, which would normalize the oxidative state and the intracellular pH; c) the administration of molecules with demonstrated antioxidant capacity; d) the administration of compounds with anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory activity; e) the administration of immunomodulatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Quiles
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain; College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Lorenzo Rivas-García
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Sport and Health Research Centre. University of Granada, C/. Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Llopis
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Sport and Health Research Centre. University of Granada, C/. Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Sport and Health Research Centre. University of Granada, C/. Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
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Cornejo M, Mieres-Castro D, Blanco EH, Beltrán AR, Araya JE, Fuentes G, Figueroa M, Labarca C, Toledo F, Ramírez MA, Sobrevia L. Arsenic trioxide-increased MDCK cells proliferation requires activator protein 1-mediated increase of the sodium/proton exchanger 1 activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:165977. [PMID: 32980460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The release of protons (H+) occurs via the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) leading to a stable intracellular pH (pHi) in MDCK cells. Chronic intake of arsenic trioxide (ATO), in the drinking water, associated with higher morbidity and mortality in neoplastic tissues. ATO increased NHE1 expression and activity, resulting in intracellular alkalization and higher MDCK cells proliferation. Since the pro-proliferative transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) gets activated by al alkaline intracellular pH, a phenomenon paralleled by higher NHEs activity, we asked whether ATO-increased MDCK cells proliferation involves AP-1-dependent NHE1 activation. Cells were exposed (48 h) to ATO (0.05 μmol/L), SR11302 (1 μmol/L, AP-1 inhibitor), HOE-694 (100 nmol/L, NHE1 inhibitor) and EIPA (50 μmol/L, NHE1/NHE3 inhibitor) in the presence of S3226 (10 μmol/L, NHE3 inhibitor), concanamycin A (0.1 μmol/L, V-ATPases inhibitor), and Schering (10 μmol/L, H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor). [3H]Thymidine incorporation, cell counting, wound healing assay, and AP-1 activity were determined. The pHi was measured in cells pre-loaded (10 min) with 2,7-bicarboxyethyl-5,6-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester (12 mmol/L) and exposed to NH4Cl (20 mmol/L). Basal pHi and recovery rate (dpHi/dt), intracellular buffer capacity (βi) and H+ flux (JH+) were determined. NHE1 protein abundance was measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. ATO increased the cell growth (1.5 fold), basal pHi (0.4 pHi units), dpHi/dt (1.8 fold), JH+ (1.4 fold), AP-1 activity and NHE1 protein abundance (1.3 fold). ATO also increased (1.5 fold) the nuclear/perinuclear NHE1 immunosignal. SR11302 and HOE-694 blocked ATO effects. Thus, ATO-increased proliferation resulted from AP-1-dependent NHE1 activation in MDCK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Cornejo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3481118, Chile
| | - Daniel Mieres-Castro
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile; Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3481118, Chile
| | - Elías H Blanco
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Ana R Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile; Departamento de Educación, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Jorge E Araya
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile; Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Fuentes
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3481118, Chile
| | - Manuel Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Cristian Labarca
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Marco A Ramírez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile.
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, 4029, Queensland, Australia.
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Cumhur Cure M, Kucuk A, Cure E. Colchicine may not be effective in COVID-19 infection; it may even be harmful? Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:2101-2102. [PMID: 32394215 PMCID: PMC7213772 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adem Kucuk
- Department of Rheumatology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Erkan Cure
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ota & Jinemed Hospital, Muradiye Mahallesi Nuzhetiye Cad, Deryadil Sokagi No:1, 34357 Istanbul, Turkey
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Cure E, Cumhur Cure M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:349-350. [PMID: 32311651 PMCID: PMC7159862 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak once again demonstrated the importance of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in patients with diabetes. Activation of the RAS increases in patients with diabetes. The virus attaches to the ACE2 enzyme at low cytosolic pH values and enters into the cell and causes infection. Especially in the presence of diabetes mellitus and accompanying comorbid conditions such as hypertension, obesity, old age, and smoking, cytosolic pH is low, thus the virus easily may enter the cell by attaching to ACE2. ACEIs and ARBs lead to a reduction in angiotensin II level by increasing the ACE2 level, thus they cause a low cytosolic pH. Increased cardiac ACE2 levels due to ACEIs and ARBs can trigger cardiac arrhythmias and myocarditis by causing the virus to easily enter the heart tissue. There is ACE2 activity in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in the brain stem. The release of angiotensin 1-7 in the brain stem leads to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. This activation causes systemic vasoconstriction and the patient's blood pressure increases. The most important event is the increased sympathetic activity via the central stimulation, this activity increases pulmonary capillary leaking, causing the ARDS. As the cytosolic pH, which is already low in patients with diabetes will decrease further with the mechanisms mentioned above, the viral load will increase and the infection will be exacerbated. As a result, the use of ACEIs and ARBs in patients with diabetes can lead to increased morbidity and mortality of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Cure
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ota&Jinemed Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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10
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Colchicine may not be effective in COVID-19 infection; it may even be harmful? Clin Rheumatol 2020. [PMID: 32394215 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05144-x.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
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11
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Cure E, Cumhur Cure M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic. DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME 2020. [PMID: 32311651 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.019.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak once again demonstrated the importance of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in patients with diabetes. Activation of the RAS increases in patients with diabetes. The virus attaches to the ACE2 enzyme at low cytosolic pH values and enters into the cell and causes infection. Especially in the presence of diabetes mellitus and accompanying comorbid conditions such as hypertension, obesity, old age, and smoking, cytosolic pH is low, thus the virus easily may enter the cell by attaching to ACE2. ACEIs and ARBs lead to a reduction in angiotensin II level by increasing the ACE2 level, thus they cause a low cytosolic pH. Increased cardiac ACE2 levels due to ACEIs and ARBs can trigger cardiac arrhythmias and myocarditis by causing the virus to easily enter the heart tissue. There is ACE2 activity in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in the brain stem. The release of angiotensin 1-7 in the brain stem leads to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. This activation causes systemic vasoconstriction and the patient's blood pressure increases. The most important event is the increased sympathetic activity via the central stimulation, this activity increases pulmonary capillary leaking, causing the ARDS. As the cytosolic pH, which is already low in patients with diabetes will decrease further with the mechanisms mentioned above, the viral load will increase and the infection will be exacerbated. As a result, the use of ACEIs and ARBs in patients with diabetes can lead to increased morbidity and mortality of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Cure
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ota&Jinemed Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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12
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Zhang J, Chen Q, Zhong J, Liu C, Zheng B, Gong Q. DPP-4 Inhibitors as Potential Candidates for Antihypertensive Therapy: Improving Vascular Inflammation and Assisting the Action of Traditional Antihypertensive Drugs. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1050. [PMID: 31134095 PMCID: PMC6526751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an important protease that is widely expressed on the surface of human cells and plays a key role in immune-regulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, cell adhesion, and apoptosis by targeting different substrates. DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are commonly used as hypoglycemic agents. However, in addition to their hypoglycemic effect, DPP-4i have also shown potent activities in the cardiovascular system, particularly in the regulation of blood pressure (BP). Previous studies have shown that the regulatory actions of DPP-4i in controlling BP are complex and that the mechanisms involved include the functional activities of the nerves, kidneys, hormones, blood vessels, and insulin. Recent work has also shown that inflammation is closely associated with the elevation of BP, and that the inhibition of DPP-4 can reduce BP by regulating the function of the immune system, by reducing inflammatory reactions and by improving oxidative stress. In this review, we describe the potential anti-hypertensive effects of DPP-4i and discuss potential new anti-hypertensive therapies. Our analysis indicated that DPP-4i treatment has a mild anti-hypertensive effect as a monotherapy and causes a significant reduction in BP when used in combined treatments. However, the combination of DPP-4i with high-dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) can lead to increased BP. We suggest that DPP-4i improves vascular endothelial function in hypertensive patients by suppressing inflammatory responses and by alleviating oxidative stress. In addition, DPP-4i can also regulate BP by activating the sympathetic nervous system, interfering with the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), regulating Na/H2O metabolism, and attenuating insulin resistance (IR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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13
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Yu J, Chen Y, Xu M, Sun L, Luo H, Bao X, Meng G, Zhang W. Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Regulation by Inhibitor 1 of Protein Phosphatase 1 Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:460-473. [PMID: 31030549 DOI: 10.1177/1074248419841626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) plays a vital role in cardiovascular system. However, the potential protective role of inhibitor 1 of protein phosphatase 1 (I1PP1), which can regulate CaMKII, on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unknown. In the present study, expression of CaMKIIδ variants was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. I1PP1 was overexpressed by pericardial injection of recombinant adenovirus. Two weeks later, rats were subjected to left anterior descending ligation for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was assessed by Evans blue/triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity as well as myocardial pathological structure were detected. CaMKII activity was evaluated by phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB) and oxidation of CaMKII. Expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) in the mitochondria was measured by Western blot. We found that CaMKIIδA and CaMKIIδB expression decreased, while the expression of CaMKIIδC increased after myocardial I/R. Moreover, after 30-minute ischemia followed by 6 hours of reperfusion, I1PP1 overexpression reduced myocardial infarct size, decreased serum CK and LDH activity, ameliorated myocardial pathological structure, inhibited PLB phosphorylation at Thr17, suppressed CaMKII oxidation, elevated CaMKIIδA and CaMKIIδB variants but reduced CaMKIIδC variants, attenuated myocardial oxidative stress, improved myocardial mitochondrial ultrastructure, increased mitochondrial number and mitochondrial DNA copy number, and decreased DRP1 but increased OPA1 protein expression from the mitochondria in rats. Thus, I1PP1 regulated CaMKII, protected mitochondrial function, reduced oxidative stress, and attenuated myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,2 Department of Pharmacology, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Yun Chen
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,3 School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mengting Xu
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huiqin Luo
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Bao
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guoliang Meng
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,3 School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Silencing of the Na+/H+ exchanger 1(NHE-1) prevents cardiac structural and functional remodeling induced by angiotensin II. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 107:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Intracellular albumin overload elicits endoplasmic reticulum stress and PKC-delta/p38 MAPK pathway activation to induce podocyte apoptosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18012. [PMID: 30573754 PMCID: PMC6301950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is closely related to proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Currently, there is no conclusive understanding about the mechanisms involved in albumin overload and podocyte apoptosis response. In this study, we sought to explore the ways by which intracellular albumin can mediate podocyte apoptosis. Here, immortalized mouse podocytes were treated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) at different times and concentrations, in the presence or absence of SB203580 (0.1 µM, inhibitor of mitogen-activated-protein kinase – p38MAPK). Using immunofluorescence images, flow cytometry and immunoblotting, we observed a time-dependent intracellular accumulation of fluorescent albumin-FITC-BSA, followed by concentration-and time-dependent effect of intracellular albumin overload on podocyte apoptosis, which was mediated by increased expression of the chaperone glucose-regulated-protein 78 (GRP 78) and phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (pIRE1-α), as well as protein kinase C delta (PKC-δ), p38MAPK and cleaved caspase 12 expression. SB203580 prevented the cleavage of caspase 12 and the albumin-mediated podocyte apoptosis. These results suggest that intracellular albumin overload is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and upregulation of PKC-δ/p38MAPK/caspase 12 pathway, which may be a target for future therapeutic of albumin-induced podocyte apoptosis.
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16
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Cardoso VG, Gonçalves GL, Costa-Pessoa JM, Thieme K, Lins BB, Casare FAM, de Ponte MC, Camara NOS, Oliveira-Souza M. Angiotensin II-induced podocyte apoptosis is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress/PKC-δ/p38 MAPK pathway activation and trough increased Na +/H + exchanger isoform 1 activity. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:179. [PMID: 30005635 PMCID: PMC6043975 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-0968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to the progression of renal diseases associated with proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis mainly by inducing podocyte apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated whether the chronic effects of Ang II via AT1 receptor (AT1R) would result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/PKC-delta/p38 MAPK stimulation, and consequently podocyte apoptosis. Methods Wistar rats were treated with Ang II (200 ng·kg−1·min−1, 42 days) and or losartan (10 mg·kg−1·day−1, 14 days). Immortalized mouse podocyte were treated with 1 μM Ang II and/or losartan (1 μM) or SB203580 (0.1 μM) (AT1 receptor antagonist and p38 MAPK inhibitor) for 24 h. Kidney sections and cultured podocytes were used to evaluate protein expression by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and intracellular pH (pHi) was analyzed using microscopy combined with the fluorescent probe BCECF/AM. Results Compared with controls, Ang II via AT1R increased chaperone GRP 78/Bip protein expression in rat glomeruli (p < 0.001) as well as in podocyte culture (p < 0.01); increased phosphorylated eIf2-α (p < 0.05), PKC-delta (p < 0.01) and p38 MAPK (p < 0.001) protein expression. Furthermore, Ang II induced p38 MAPK-mediated late apoptosis and increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (p < 0.001). Simultaneously, Ang II via AT1R induced p38 MAPK-NHE1-mediated increase of pHi recovery rate after acid loading. Conclusion Together, our results indicate that Ang II-induced podocyte apoptosis is associated with AT1R/ER stress/PKC-delta/p38 MAPK axis and enhanced NHE1-mediated pHi recovery rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gerolde Cardoso
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Lopes Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Martins Costa-Pessoa
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Thieme
- Laboratory of Carbohydrates and Radioimmunoassays (LIM-18), Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bezerra Lins
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Malavazzi Casare
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Charleaux de Ponte
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Laboratory for Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Oliveira-Souza
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
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17
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Li J, He Q, Li Q, Huang R, Wei X, Pan X, Wu W. Decreased expression of Na+-H+ exchanger isoforms 1 and 3 in denervated spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 41:235-243. [PMID: 29787310 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1469639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiaoling He
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, The First people’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Qingjie Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rongjie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, The First people’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, The First people’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaofeng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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18
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Packer M. Role of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger in mediating the renal effects of drugs commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:800-811. [PMID: 29227582 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by increased activity of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE) in the glomerulus and renal tubules, which contributes importantly to the development of nephropathy. Despite the established role played by the exchanger in experimental studies, it has not been specifically targeted by those seeking to develop novel pharmacological treatments for diabetes. This review demonstrates that many existing drugs that are commonly prescribed to patients with diabetes act on the NHE1 and NHE3 isoforms in the kidney. This action may explain their effects on sodium excretion, albuminuria and the progressive decline of glomerular function in clinical trials; these responses cannot be readily explained by the influence of these drugs on blood glucose. Agents that may affect the kidney in diabetes by virtue of an action on NHE include: (1) insulin and insulin sensitizers; (2) incretin-based agents; (3) sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; (4) antagonists of the renin-angiotensin system (angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors); and (5) inhibitors of aldosterone action and cholesterol synthesis (spironolactone, amiloride and statins). The renal effects of each of these drug classes in patients with type 2 diabetes may be related to a single shared biological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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19
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Packer M. Activation and Inhibition of Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger Is a Mechanism That Links the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus With That of Heart Failure. Circulation 2017; 136:1548-1559. [PMID: 29038209 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the progression of diabetes mellitus and heart failure are closely intertwined, such that worsening of one condition is frequently accompanied by worsening of the other; the degree of clinical acceleration is marked when the 2 coexist. Activation of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger in the heart and vasculature (NHE1 isoform) and the kidneys (NHE3 isoform) may serve as a common mechanism that links both disorders and may underlie their interplay. Insulin insensitivity and adipokine abnormalities (the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus) are characteristic features of heart failure; conversely, neurohormonal systems activated in heart failure (norepinephrine, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and neprilysin) impair insulin sensitivity and contribute to microvascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Each of these neurohormonal derangements may act through increased activity of both NHE1 and NHE3. Drugs used to treat diabetes mellitus may favorably affect the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure by inhibiting either or both NHE isoforms, and drugs used to treat heart failure may have beneficial effects on glucose tolerance and the complications of diabetes mellitus by interfering with the actions of NHE1 and NHE3. The efficacy of NHE inhibitors on the risk of cardiovascular events may be enhanced when heart failure and glucose intolerance coexist and may be attenuated when drugs with NHE inhibitory actions are given concomitantly. Therefore, the sodium-hydrogen exchanger may play a central role in the interplay of diabetes mellitus and heart failure, contribute to the physiological and clinical progression of both diseases, and explain certain drug-drug and drug-disease interactions that have been reported in large-scale randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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20
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Human rotavirus strain Wa downregulates NHE1 and NHE6 expressions in rotavirus-infected Caco-2 cells. Virus Genes 2017; 53:367-376. [PMID: 28289928 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis and fatal dehydration in human infants and neonates of different species. However, the pathogenesis of rotavirus-induced diarrhea is poorly understood. Secretory diarrhea caused by rotavirus may lead to a combination of excessive secretion of fluid and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen. Fluid absorption in the small intestine is driven by Na+-coupled transport mechanisms at the luminal membrane, including Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE). Here, we performed qRT-PCR to detect the transcription of NHEs. Western blotting was employed for protein detection. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry was used to validate the NHE's protein expression. Finally, intracellular Ca2+ concentration was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results demonstrated that the NHE6 mRNA and protein expressed in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2). Furthermore, RV-Wa induced decreased expression of the NHE1 and NHE6 in Caco-2 cell in a time-dependent manner. In addition, intracellular Ca2+ concentration in RV-Wa-infected Caco-2 cells was higher than that in the mock-infected cells. Furthermore, RV-Wa also can downregulate the expression of calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) in Caco-2 cells. These findings provides important insights into the mechanisms of rotavirus-induced diarrhea. Further studies on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that downregulate NHEs in RV-induced diarrhea are required.
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Kawase H, Bando YK, Nishimura K, Aoyama M, Monji A, Murohara T. A dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor ameliorates hypertensive cardiac remodeling via angiotensin-II/sodium-proton pump exchanger-1 axis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 98:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Jia Z, Zhuang Y, Hu C, Zhang X, Ding G, Zhang Y, Rohatgi R, Hua H, Huang S, He JCJ, Zhang A. Albuminuria enhances NHE3 and NCC via stimulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress/angiotensin II axis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:47134-47144. [PMID: 27323402 PMCID: PMC5216930 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalance of salt and water is a frequent and challenging complication of kidney disease, whose pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. Employing an albumin overload mouse model, we discovered that albuminuria enhanced the expression of NHE3 and NCC but not other transporters in murine kidney in line with the stimulation of angiotensinogen (AGT)/angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin (Ang) II cascade. In primary cultures of renal tubular cells, albumin directly stimulated AGT/ACE/Ang II and upregulated NHE3 and NCC expression. Blocking Ang II production with an ACE inhibitor normalized the upregulation of NHE3 and NCC in cells. Interestingly, albumin overload significantly reduced mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and administration of a SOD2 mimic (MnTBAP) normalized the expression of NHE3, NCC, and the components of AGT/ACE pathway affected by albuminuria, indicating a key role of mitochondria-derived oxidative stress in modulating renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and renal sodium transporters. In addition, the functional data showing the reduced urinary excretion of Na and Cl and enhanced response to specific NCC inhibitor further supported the regulatory results of sodium transporters following albumin overload. More importantly, the upregulation of NHE3 and NCC and activation of ACE/Ang II signaling pathway were also observed in albuminuric patient kidneys, suggesting that our animal model accurately replicates the human condition. Taken together, these novel findings demonstrated that albuminuria is of importance in resetting renal salt handling via mitochondrial oxidative stress-initiated stimulation of ACE/Ang II cascade. This may also offer novel, effective therapeutic targets for dealing with salt and water imbalance in proteinuric renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibo Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyu Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guixia Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rajeev Rohatgi
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hu Hua
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - John Ci-jiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Casare FAM, Thieme K, Costa-Pessoa JM, Rossoni LV, Couto GK, Fernandes FB, Casarini DE, Oliveira-Souza M. Renovascular remodeling and renal injury after extended angiotensin II infusion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F1295-307. [PMID: 26962104 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00471.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion for 1 or 2 wk leads to progressive hypertension and induces inward hypertrophic remodeling in preglomerular vessels, which is associated with increased renal vascular resistance (RVR) and decreased glomerular perfusion. Considering the ability of preglomerular vessels to exhibit adaptive responses, the present study was performed to evaluate glomerular perfusion and renal function after 6 wk of ANG II infusion. To address this study, male Wistar rats were submitted to sham surgery (control) or osmotic minipump insertion (ANG II 200 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1), 42 days). A group of animals was treated or cotreated with losartan (10 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)), an AT1 receptor antagonist, between days 28 and 42 Chronic ANG II infusion increased systolic blood pressure to 185 ± 4 compared with 108 ± 2 mmHg in control rats. Concomitantly, ANG II-induced hypertension increased intrarenal ANG II level and consequently, preglomerular and glomerular injury. Under this condition, ANG II enhanced the total renal plasma flow (RPF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow and induced pressure natriuresis. These changes were accompanied by lower RVR and enlargement of the lumen of interlobular arteries and afferent arterioles, consistent with impairment of renal autoregulatory capability and outward preglomerular remodeling. The glomerular injury culminated with podocyte effacement, albuminuria, tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration and intrarenal extracellular matrix accumulation. Losartan attenuated most of the effects of ANG II. Our findings provide new information regarding the contribution of ANG II infusion over 2 wk to renal hemodynamics and function via the AT1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Thieme
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Juliana Martins Costa-Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Venturini Rossoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Kruger Couto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dulce Elena Casarini
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Oliveira-Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
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Mlih M, Abdulrahman N, Gadeau AP, Mohamed IA, Jaballah M, Mraiche F. Na(+)/H (+) exchanger isoform 1 induced osteopontin expression in cardiomyocytes involves NFAT3/Gata4. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 404:211-20. [PMID: 25758355 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional glycophosphoprotein, has been reported to contribute to the development and progression of cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy. Cardiac-specific OPN knockout mice were protected against hypertrophy and fibrosis mediated by Ang II. Recently, transgenic mice expressing the active form of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) developed spontaneous hypertrophy in association with elevated levels of OPN. The mechanism by which active NHE1 induces OPN expression and contributes to the hypertrophic response remains unclear. To validate whether expression of the active form of NHE1 induces OPN, cardiomyocytes were stimulated with Ang II, a known inducer of both OPN and NHE1. Ang II induced hypertrophy and increased OPN protein expression (151.6 ± 28.19 %, P < 0.01) and NHE1 activity in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Ang II-induced hypertrophy and OPN protein expression were regressed in the presence of an NHE1 inhibitor, EMD 87580, or a calcineurin inhibitor, FK506. In addition, our results indicated that activation of NHE1-induced NFAT3 translocation into the nucleus and a significant activation of the transcription factor Gata4 (NHE1: 149 ± 28 % of control, P < 0.05). NHE1-induced activation of Gata4 was inhibited by FK506. In summary, our results suggest that activation of NHE1 induces hypertrophy through the activation of NFAT3/Gata4 and OPN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mlih
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Xie P, Joladarashi D, Dudeja P, Sun L, Kanwar YS. Modulation of angiotensin II-induced inflammatory cytokines by the Epac1-Rap1A-NHE3 pathway: implications in renal tubular pathobiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F1260-74. [PMID: 24553435 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00069.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the glomerulus, the tubulointerstitium is often concomitantly affected in certain diseases, e.g., diabetic nephropathy, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system, to a certain extent, worsens its outcome because of perturbations in hemodynamics and possibly tubuloglomerular feedback. Certain studies suggest that pathobiology of the tubulointerstitium is influenced by small GTPases, e.g., Rap1. We investigated the effect of ANG II on inflammatory cytokines, while at the same time focusing on upstream effector of Rap1, i.e., Epac1, and some of the downstream tubular transport molecules, i.e., Na/H exchanger 3 (NHE3). ANG II treatment of LLC-PK1 cells decreased Rap1a GTPase activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner. ANG II treatment led to an increased membrane translocation of NHE3, which was reduced with Epac1 and PKA activators. ANG II-induced NHE3 translocation was notably reduced with the transfection of Rap1a dominant positive mutants, i.e., Rap1a-G12V or Rap1a-T35A. Transfection of cells with dominant negative Rap1a mutants, i.e., Rap1a-S17A, or Epac1 mutant, i.e., EPAC-ΔcAMP, normalized ANG II-induced translocation of NHE3. In addition, ANG II treatment led to an increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, which was reduced with Rap1a-G12V or Rap1a-T35A transfection, while it reverted to previous comparable levels following transfection of Rap1a-S17A or EPAC-ΔcAMP. ANG II-induced expression of cytokines was reduced with the treatment with NHE3 inhibitor S3226 or with Epac1 and PKA activators. These data suggest that this novel Epac1-Rap1a-NHE3 pathway conceivably modulates ANG II-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines, and this information may yield the impetus for developing strategies to reduce tubulointertstitial inflammation in various renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xie
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | | | - Pradeep Dudeja
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lin Sun
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
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