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Shimura D, Nuebel E, Baum R, Valdez SE, Xiao S, Warren JS, Palatinus JA, Hong T, Rutter J, Shaw RM. Protective mitochondrial fission induced by stress-responsive protein GJA1-20k. eLife 2021; 10:69207. [PMID: 34608863 PMCID: PMC8492060 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Connexin43 gap junction gene GJA1 has one coding exon, but its mRNA undergoes internal translation to generate N-terminal truncated isoforms of Connexin43 with the predominant isoform being only 20 kDa in size (GJA1-20k). Endogenous GJA1-20k protein is not membrane bound and has been found to increase in response to ischemic stress, localize to mitochondria, and mimic ischemic preconditioning protection in the heart. However, it is not known how GJA1-20k benefits mitochondria to provide this protection. Here, using human cells and mice, we identify that GJA1-20k polymerizes actin around mitochondria which induces focal constriction sites. Mitochondrial fission events occur within about 45 s of GJA1-20k recruitment of actin. Interestingly, GJA1-20k mediated fission is independent of canonical Dynamin-Related Protein 1 (DRP1). We find that GJA1-20k-induced smaller mitochondria have decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and, in hearts, provide potent protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. The results indicate that stress responsive internally translated GJA1-20k stabilizes polymerized actin filaments to stimulate non-canonical mitochondrial fission which limits ischemic-reperfusion induced myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shimura
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Esther Nuebel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.,Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, United States
| | - Rachel Baum
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Steven E Valdez
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Shaohua Xiao
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Junco S Warren
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Joseph A Palatinus
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - TingTing Hong
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.,Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Jared Rutter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.,Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Robin M Shaw
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
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ter Beek F, Jokumsen PS, Sloth BN, Stevenson AJT, Larsen RG. Ischemic Preconditioning Attenuates Rating of Perceived Exertion But Does Not Improve Maximal Oxygen Consumption or Maximal Power Output. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:2479-2485. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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da Silva Novaes J, da Silva Telles LG, Monteiro ER, da Silva Araujo G, Vingren JL, Silva Panza P, Reis VM, Laterza MC, Vianna JM. Ischemic Preconditioning Improves Resistance Training Session Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 35:2993-2998. [PMID: 32224716 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
da Silva Novaes, J, da Silva Telles, LG, Monteiro, ER, da Silva Araujo, G, Vingren, JL, Silva Panza, P, Reis, VM, Laterza, MC, and Vianna, JM. Ischemic preconditioning improves resistance training session performance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in a resistance exercise (RE) training session on the number of repetitions performed, total volume, and rating of perceived exertion in recreationally trained and normotensive men. Sixteen recreationally trained and normotensive men completed 3 RE sessions in a counterbalanced and randomized order: (a) IPC protocol using 220 mm Hg followed by RE (IPC), (b) IPC cuff control protocol with 20 mm Hg followed by RE (CUFF), and (c) no IPC (control) followed by RE (CON). RE was performed with 3 sets of each exercise (bench press, leg press, lateral pulldown, hack machine squat, shoulder press, and Smith back squat) until concentric muscular failure, at 80% of one repetition maximum, with 90 seconds of rest between sets and 2 minutes of rest between exercises. Ischemic preconditioning and CUFF consisted of 4 cycles of 5 minutes of occlusion/low pressure alternating with 5 minutes of no occlusion (0 mm Hg) using a pneumatic tourniquet applied around the subaxillary region of the upper arm. For each condition, the number of repetitions completed, total volume of work performed, and rating of perceived exertion were determined. No significant difference was found for rating of perceived exertion between any experimental protocol. Ischemic preconditioning significantly (p < 0.05) increased the number of repetitions across exercises. Consequently, total volume performed (sum of total number of repetitions x load for each exercise) was significantly higher in IPC (46,170 kg) compared with CON (34,069 kg) and CUFF (36,590 kg) across all exercises. This work may have important implications for athletic populations because it demonstrates increase in muscle performance outcomes during a single RE session. Therefore, performing IPC before RE could be an important exercise prescription recommendation to increase maximum repetition performance and total volume of work performed and thus potentially increase desired training adaptations (i.e., strength and hypertrophy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson da Silva Novaes
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,College of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme da Silva Telles
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Estacio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Estêvão Rios Monteiro
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, Augusto Motta University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gleisson da Silva Araujo
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,University Center of Barra Mansa, Barra Mansa, Brazil
| | - Jakob L Vingren
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Patrícia Silva Panza
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victor Machado Reis
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mateus Camaroti Laterza
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Macedo Vianna
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress Abrogates Remifentanil Preconditioning-Mediated Cardioprotection in Diabetic Rats by Impairing Caveolin-3-Modulated PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9836302. [PMID: 31583053 PMCID: PMC6748204 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9836302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic hearts are more vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and less responsive to remifentanil preconditioning (RPC), but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Caveolin-3 (Cav-3), the dominant isoform of cardiomyocyte caveolae, is reduced in diabetic hearts in which oxidative stress is increased. This study determined whether the compromised RPC in diabetes was an independent manifestation of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress or linked to impaired Cav-3 expression with associated signaling abnormality. RPC significantly attenuated postischemic infarction, cardiac dysfunction, myocardial apoptosis, and 15-F2t-isoprostane production (a specific marker of oxidative stress), accompanied with increased Cav-3 expression and enhanced Akt and STAT3 activation in control but not in diabetic rats. Pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuated hyperglycemia-induced reduction of Cav-3 expression and Akt and STAT3 activation and restored RPC-mediated cardioprotection in diabetes, which was abolished by cardiac-specific knockdown of Cav-3 by AAV9-shRNA-Cav-3, PI3K/Akt inhibitor wortmannin, or JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor AG490, respectively. Similarly, NAC could restore RPC protection from high glucose and hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury evidenced by decreased levels of LDH release, 15-F2t-isoprostane, O2 -, and JC-1 monomeric cells, which were reversed by caveolae disrupter methyl-β-cyclodextrin, wortmannin, or AG490 in isolated primary cardiomyocytes or siRNAs of Cav-3, Akt, or STAT3 in H9C2 cells. Either methyl-β-cyclodextrin or Cav-3 knockdown reduced Akt and STAT3 activation. Further, the inhibition of Akt activation by a selective inhibitor or siRNA reduced STAT3 activation and vice versa, but they had no effects on Cav-3 expression. Thus, hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress abrogates RPC cardioprotection by impairing Cav-3-modulated PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Antioxidant treatment with NAC could restore RPC-induced cardioprotection in diabetes by improving Cav-3-dependent Akt and STAT3 activation and by facilitating the cross talk between PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Wang W, Zheng D, Li H, Huang J, Chen H, Ying T, Fang J, Luo Y. Hemichannel-mediated volume regulation contributes to IPC-induced cardiomyocyte protection. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:1847-1854. [PMID: 30783459 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cx43 has been documented to be involved in ischemic preconditioning (IPC). However, the participation of Cx43-formed hemichannels in IPC and the potential underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study focused on cardiomyocytes' volume regulation during IPC to investigate the role of hemichannels in the IPC-induced cardioprotection. In the study, mice cardiomyocytes were respectively treated with a hemichannel blocker, octanol or 18a-Glycyrrhizic acid (18a-GA), and a Cx43-silenced lentivirus. They were subsequently cultured in hypotonic solution to simulate ischemic reperfusion (SIR) and systemic ischemic preconditioning (SIP). Cell morphology and volumetric (area) change were detected by inverted microscopy at 30 min following the addition of hypotonic solution. Cardiomyocyte mortality was assessed by trypan blue stain assay. The analyses revealed that regardless of the treatments, hypotonic solution aggravated cell edema: Compared with the initial condition (the moment before the solution addition, 0 min), the volumetric area increased significantly 30 min later (for hypotonic+DMSO, 5,050±1,511 vs. 3,464±723 µm2; for hypotonic+scramble lentiviral vector, 5,517±1,128 vs. 2,331±536 µm2; P<0.05, respectively). Either treatment alleviated the edematous condition when a comparison was made between 30 min after the hypotonic addition and 0 min (for hypotonic+octanol, 2,990±765 vs. 2,821±773 µm2; for hypotonic+18a-GA, 4,817±1,306 vs. 4,762±1,271 µm2; for hypotonic+Cx43-silenced, 3,627±688 vs. 3,419±814 µm2; P>0.05 for all). Notably, results indicated that the SIP group had lower mortality rates compared with its SIR counterpart; the hypotonic+octanol, hypotonic+18a-GA, and hypotonic+Cx43-silenced group showed markedly-declined mortality when compared with their respective control groups (respectively, 35.70±1.02, 30.76±2.20 vs. 53.58±2.14%; 30.89±2.37 vs. 54.12±2.55%; P<0.05 for all). The results suggest that ischemic preconditioning may provide cardioprotection by blocking the opening of the hemichannels and further mediating the volume regulation of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Dedong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Huiya Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Teng Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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6
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The neuroprotective role of the brain opioid system in stroke injury. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1385-1395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cruz RSDO, de Aguiar RA, Turnes T, Salvador AF, Caputo F. Effects of ischemic preconditioning on short-duration cycling performance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:825-31. [PMID: 27404398 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) improves endurance performance. However, the potential benefits during anaerobic events and the mechanism(s) underlying these benefits remain unclear. Fifteen recreational cyclists were assessed to evaluate the effects of IPC of the upper thighs on anaerobic performance, skeletal muscle activation, and metabolic responses during a 60-s sprint performance. After an incremental test and a familiarization visit, subjects were randomly submitted in visits 3 and 4 to a performance protocol preceded by intermittent bilateral cuff inflation (4 × (5 min of blood flow restriction + 5 min reperfusion)) at either 220 mm Hg (IPC) or 20 mm Hg (control). To increase data reliability, each intervention was replicated, which was also in a random manner. In addition to the mean power output, the pulmonary oxygen uptake, blood lactate kinetics, and quadriceps electromyograms (EMGs) were analyzed during performance and throughout 45 min of passive recovery. After IPC, performance was improved by 2.1% compared with control (95% confidence intervals of 0.8% to 3.3%, P = 0.001), followed by increases in (i) the accumulated oxygen deficit, (ii) the amplitude of blood lactate kinetics, (iii) the total amount of oxygen consumed during recovery, and (iv) the overall EMG amplitude (P < 0.05). In addition, the ratio between EMG and power output was higher during the final third of performance after IPC (P < 0.05). These results suggest an increased skeletal muscle activation and a higher anaerobic contribution as the ultimate responses of IPC on short-term exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Santos de Oliveira Cruz
- Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (CEFID/UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP, 88080-350, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (CEFID/UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP, 88080-350, Brazil
| | - Rafael Alves de Aguiar
- Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (CEFID/UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP, 88080-350, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (CEFID/UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP, 88080-350, Brazil
| | - Tiago Turnes
- Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (CEFID/UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP, 88080-350, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (CEFID/UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP, 88080-350, Brazil
| | - Amadeo Félix Salvador
- Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (CEFID/UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP, 88080-350, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (CEFID/UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP, 88080-350, Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Caputo
- Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (CEFID/UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP, 88080-350, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (CEFID/UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP, 88080-350, Brazil
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DING WENGANG, GUO YUEPING, CUI XIAOGUANG, ZHANG BING, LI DONGMEI, LI WENZHI. Morphine-induced delayed pre-conditioning against anoxia/reoxygenation injury in pulmonary artery endothelial cells: The role of mitochondrial KATP channels. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1047-53. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Cruz RSDO, de Aguiar RA, Turnes T, Pereira KL, Caputo F. Effects of ischemic preconditioning on maximal constant-load cycling performance. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:961-7. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00498.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), surface electromyography, and pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇o2) onset kinetics during cycling until exhaustion at the peak power output attained during an incremental test. A group of 12 recreationally trained cyclists volunteered for this study. After determination of peak power output during an incremental test, they were randomly subjected on different days to a performance protocol preceded by intermittent bilateral cuff pressure inflation to 220 mmHg (IPC) or 20 mmHg (control). To increase data reliability, the performance visits were replicated, also in a random manner. There was an 8.0% improvement in performance after IPC (control: 303 s, IPC 327 s, factor SDs of ×/÷1.13, P = 0.01). This change was followed by a 2.9% increase in peak V̇o2 (control: 3.95 l/min, IPC: 4.06 l/min, factor SDs of ×/÷1.15, P = 0.04), owing to a higher amplitude of the slow component of the V̇o2 kinetics (control: 0.45 l/min, IPC: 0.63 l/min, factor SDs of ×/÷2.21, P = 0.05). There was also an attenuation in the rate of increase in RPE ( P = 0.01) and a progressive increase in the myoelectrical activity of the vastus lateralis muscle ( P = 0.04). Furthermore, the changes in peak V̇o2 ( r = 0.73, P = 0.007) and the amplitude of the slow component ( r = 0.79, P = 0.002) largely correlated with performance improvement. These findings provide a link between improved aerobic metabolism and enhanced severe-intensity cycling performance after IPC. Furthermore, the delayed exhaustion after IPC under lower RPE and higher skeletal muscle activation suggest they have a role on the ergogenic effects of IPC on endurance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Santos de Oliveira Cruz
- Human Performance Research Group, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rafael Alves de Aguiar
- Human Performance Research Group, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tiago Turnes
- Human Performance Research Group, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Kayo Leonardo Pereira
- Human Performance Research Group, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Caputo
- Human Performance Research Group, College of Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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de Lima Portella R, Lynn Bickta J, Shiva S. Nitrite Confers Preconditioning and Cytoprotection After Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Modulation of Mitochondrial Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:307-27. [PMID: 26094636 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitrite is now recognized as an intrinsic signaling molecule that mediates a number of biological processes. One of the most reproducible effects of nitrite is its ability to mediate cytoprotection after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). This robust phenomenon has been reproduced by a number of investigators in varying animal models focusing on different target organs. Furthermore, nitrite's cytoprotective versatility is highlighted by its ability to mediate delayed preconditioning and remote conditioning in addition to acute protection. RECENT ADVANCES In the last 10 years, significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms underlying nitrite-mediated ischemic tolerance. CRITICAL ISSUES The mitochondrion, which is essential to both the progression of I/R injury and the protection afforded by preconditioning, has emerged as a major subcellular target for nitrite. This review will outline the role of the mitochondrion in I/R injury and preconditioning, review the accumulated preclinical studies demonstrating nitrite-mediated cytoprotection, and finally focus on the known interactions of nitrite with mitochondria and their role in the mechanism of nitrite-mediated ischemic tolerance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS These studies set the stage for current clinical trials testing the efficacy of nitrite to prevent warm and cold I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Lima Portella
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Janelle Lynn Bickta
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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11
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Leandra C, Tasca CI, Boeck CR. The Role of NMDA Receptors in the Development of Brain Resistance through Pre- and Postconditioning. Aging Dis 2014; 5:430-41. [PMID: 25489494 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0500430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tolerance or resistance can be achieved by interventions before and after injury through potential toxic agents used in low stimulus or dose. For brain diseases, the neuroprotection paradigm desires an attenuation of the resulting motor, cognitive, emotional, or memory deficits following the insult. Preconditioning is a well-established experimental and clinical translational strategy with great beneficial effects, but limited applications. NMDA receptors have been reported as protagonists in the adjacent cellular mechanisms contributing to the development of brain tolerance. Postconditioning has recently emerged as a new neuroprotective strategy, which has shown interesting results when applied immediately, i.e. several hours to days, after a stroke event. Investigations using chemical postconditioning are still incipient, but nevertheless represent an interesting and promising clinical strategy. In the present review pre- and postconditioning are discussed as neuroprotective paradigms and the focus of our attention lies on the participation of NMDA receptors proteins in the processes related to neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Inês Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carina Rodrigues Boeck
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Programa de Pós-graduação Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-UNESC, Criciúma, 88806-000, SC, Brazil
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12
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Remote ischemic preconditioning preserves mitochondrial function and activates pro-survival protein kinase Akt in the left ventricle during cardiac surgery: a randomized trial. Int J Cardiol 2014; 177:409-17. [PMID: 25456576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the intracellular mechanisms induced by remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) in the human left ventricle opens new possibilities for development of pharmacological cardioprotection against ischemia and reperfusion injury. In this study we investigated the effects of RIPC on mitochondrial function, activation of pro-survival protein kinase Akt and microRNA expression in left ventricular biopsies from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). METHODS Sixty patients were randomized to control (n=30) or RIPC (n=30). A blood pressure cuff was applied to the arm of all patients preoperatively. The cuff remained deflated in control group, whereas RIPC was performed by 3 cycles of cuff inflation to 200 mm Hg for 5 min, separated by 5 min deflation intervals. Left ventricular biopsies were obtained before and 15 min after aortic declamping. The primary outcome was mitochondrial respiration measured in situ. Secondary outcomes were activation of protein kinase Akt, assessed by western immunoblotting, and expression of microRNAs assessed by array and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Mitochondrial respiration was preserved during surgery in patients receiving RIPC (+0.2 μmol O2/min/g, p=0.69), and reduced by 15% in controls (-1.5 μmol O2/min/g, p=0.02). Furthermore, RIPC activated protein kinase Akt before aortic clamping (difference from control +43.3%, p=0.04), followed by increased phosphorylation of Akt substrates at reperfusion (+26.8%, p<0.01). No differences were observed in microRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS RIPC preserves mitochondrial function and activates pro-survival protein kinase Akt in left ventricle of patients undergoing CABG. Modulation of mitochondrial function and Akt activation should be further explored as cardioprotective drug targets. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, unique identifier: NCT01308138.
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13
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Navarro G, Borroto-Escuela DO, Fuxe K, Franco R. Potential of caveolae in the therapy of cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Front Physiol 2014; 5:370. [PMID: 25324780 PMCID: PMC4179688 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are membrane micro-domains enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids and caveolins, which are transmembrane proteins with a hairpin-like structure. Caveolae participate in receptor-mediated trafficking of cell surface receptors and receptor-mediated signaling. Furthermore, caveolae participate in clathrin-independent endocytosis of membrane receptors. On the one hand, caveolins are involved in vascular and cardiac dysfunction. Also, neurological abnormalities in caveolin-1 knockout mice and a link between caveolin-1 gene haplotypes and neurodegenerative diseases have been reported. The aim of this article is to present the rationale for considering caveolae as potential targets in cardiovascular and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rafael Franco
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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Cardioprotective effect of betulinic Acid on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:573745. [PMID: 24963326 PMCID: PMC4055472 DOI: 10.1155/2014/573745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. This study aims to investigate the effect of betulinic acid (BA) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion/injury in an open-chest anesthetized rat model. Methods. The model was induced by 30 minutes left anterior descending occlusion followed by 2 hours reperfusion. There are six groups in our present study: sham operation group, ischemia/reperfusion group, low-dosage BA group, medium-dosage BA group, high-dosage BA group, and fosinopril sodium group. Rats in the latter four groups were administrated with BA (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, i.g.) or fosinopril sodium (10 mg/kg, i.g.) once a day for 7 days before operation, respectively. Rats in the former two groups were given the same volume of vehicle (0.5% CMC-Na, i.g.). During the operation, cardiac function was continuously monitored. Serum LDH and CK were measured with colorimetric assays. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax and the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were investigated with western blot and TUNEL assay, respectively. Results. Pretreatment with BA improved cardiac function and attenuated LDH and CK activities compared with IR group. Further investigation demonstrated that the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax and TUNEL assay was in line with the above results. Conclusion. BA may reduce the release of LDH and CK, prevent cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and eventually alleviate the extent of the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Slagsvold KH, Rognmo O, Høydal M, Wisløff U, Wahba A. Remote ischemic preconditioning preserves mitochondrial function and influences myocardial microRNA expression in atrial myocardium during coronary bypass surgery. Circ Res 2013; 114:851-9. [PMID: 24371264 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been suggested to induce cardioprotection during cardiac surgery. Maintaining proper atrial function is imperative in preventing arrhythmia and thrombus formation. Mitochondria have been proposed as key targets in conveying RIPC mechanisms and effects. MicroRNA (miR) is emerging as an important regulator of mitochondrial function, arrhythmia, and protection from ischemia and reperfusion. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of RIPC on mitochondrial respiration and miR expression in human atrial tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomized to RIPC (n=30) or control (n=30). RIPC was performed preoperatively by inflating a blood pressure cuff on the upper arm to 200 mm Hg for 3×5 minutes, with 5 minutes reperfusion intervals. Biopsies were obtained from the right atrial appendage before and after aortic cross-clamping. Mitochondrial respiration was measured in situ and miR assessed by commercial miR array and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Postoperative atrial fibrillation occurrence was monitored by biotelemetry. Maximal mitochondrial respiration was preserved throughout surgery after RIPC but significantly reduced (-28%; P<0.05) after aortic cross-clamping in control. Incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was lower after RIPC versus control (14% versus 50%; P<0.01). Myocardial expression of miR-133a and miR-133b increased after aortic cross-clamping in both RIPC and control, whereas miR-1 was upregulated in control only. MiR-338-3p expression was higher in RIPC versus control after aortic cross-clamping. CONCLUSIONS RIPC preserves mitochondrial respiration and prevents upregulation of miR-1 in the right atrium during coronary artery bypass graft. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01308138.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Hordnes Slagsvold
- From the K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and technology, Trondheim, Norway (K.H.S., O.R., M.H., U.W., A.W.); and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway (K.H.S., A.W.)
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