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Sharma P, Sharma BS, Raval H, Singh V. Endocytosis of GABA receptor: Signaling in nervous system. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:125-139. [PMID: 36813355 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
GABA (ᵞ-aminobutyric acid), is the principal neurotransmitter known for its inhibitory role in chemical synapses. Being localized primarily in the central nervous system (CNS) it maintains a balance between excitatory (regulated by another neurotransmitter, glutamate) and inhibitory impulses. GABA acts by binding to their specific receptors GABAA and GABAB when released into the post-synaptic nerve terminal. Both of these receptors are responsible for fast and slow inhibition of neurotransmission, respectively. GABAA is a ligand-gated ionopore receptor which opens the Cl- ion channel and decreases the resting potential of the membrane resulting into inhibition of the synapse. On the other hand, GABAB is a metabotropic receptor which increases the K+ ion levels preventing Ca+ ion release inhibiting the release of other neurotransmitters into the presynaptic membrane. The internalization and trafficking of these receptors is also conducted through distinct pathways and mechanism, discussed in detail in the chapter. Without the desired levels of GABA in the body, the psychological and neurological states of brain get hard to maintain. Various neurodegenerative diseases/disorders have been associated to low levels of GABA, such as anxiety, mood disorders, fear, schizophrenia, hungtington's chorea, seizures, epilepsy, etc. The allosteric sites present on GABA receptors have been proved to be potent drug targets to pacify the pathological states of these brain related disorders to an extent. Further in depth studies focussing on the subtypes of GABA receptors and their comprehensive mechanism are required to explore new drug targets and therapeutic avenues for effectual management of GABA related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sharma
- Shree Vipratech Diagnostics, Dehgam, Gujarat, India.
| | - B Sharan Sharma
- Rivaara Labs, KD Hospital, Vaishnodevi Circle, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hardik Raval
- Shree Vipratech Diagnostics, Dehgam, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
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Andrabi SS, Kaushik P, Mumtaz SM, Alam MM, Tabassum H, Parvez S. Pregnenolone Attenuates the Ischemia-Induced Neurological Deficit in the Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Rats. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19122-19130. [PMID: 35721911 PMCID: PMC9202047 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurosteroids are apparent to be connected in the cerebral ischemic injury for their potential neuroprotective effects. We previously demonstrated that progesterone induces neuroprotection via the mitochondrial cascade in the cerebral ischemic stroke of rodents. Here, we sought to investigate whether or not pregnenolone, a different neurosteroid, can protect the ischemic injury in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rodent model. Male Wistar rats were chosen for surgery for inducing stroke using the tMCAO method. Pregnenolone (2 mg/kg b.w.) at 1 h postsurgery was administered. The neurobehavioral tests and (TTC staining) 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining were performed after 24 h of the surgery. The mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using flow cytometry. Oxygraph was used to examine mitochondrial bioenergetics. The spectrum of neurobehavioral tests and 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining showed that pregnenolone enhanced neurological recovery. Pregnenolone therapy after a stroke lowered mitochondrial ROS following ischemia. Our data demonstrated that pregnenolone was not able to inhibit mitochondrial permeability transition pores. There was no effect on mitochondrial bioenergetics such as oxygen consumption and respiratory coupling. Overall, the findings demonstrated that pregnenolone reduced the neurological impairments via reducing mitochondria ROS but not through the inhibition of the mitochondria permeability transition pore (mtPTP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Suhail Andrabi
- Department
of Toxicology, School of Chemical &
Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Pooja Kaushik
- Department
of Toxicology, School of Chemical &
Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sayed Md Mumtaz
- Department
of Toxicology, School of Chemical &
Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Drug
Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education
and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division
of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council
of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt.
of India, V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, P.O. Box No. 4911, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department
of Toxicology, School of Chemical &
Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- . Tel.: +91
11 26059688x5573. Fax: +91 11 26059663
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Mansour RM, El Sayed NS, Ahmed MAE, El-Sahar AE. Addressing Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma in 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Striatal Neurotoxicity in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4368-4383. [PMID: 35553009 PMCID: PMC9167199 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Telmisartan (TEL) is an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker and a partial activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), which regulates inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the PPARγ agonistic property of TEL in several brain disorders. This study aims to explore the neuroprotective impact of TEL in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced neurotoxicity in rats. The PPARγ effect of TEL was affirmed by using the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (PIO), and the antagonist GW9662. 3-NP led to a significant reduction in body weight alongside motor and cognitive functioning. The striata of the 3-NP-treated rats showed energy-deficit, microglia-mediated inflammatory reactions, apoptotic damage as well as histopathological lesions. PIO and TEL improved motor and cognitive perturbations induced by 3-NP, as confirmed by striatal histopathological examination, energy restoration, and neuronal preservation. Both drugs improved mitochondrial biogenesis evidenced by elevated mRNA expression of PPARγ, PGC-1α, and TFAM, alongside increased striatal ATP and SDH. The mitochondrial effect of TEL was beyond PPARγ activation. As well, their anti-inflammatory effect was attributed to suppression of microglial activation, and protein expression of pS536 p65 NF-κB with marked attenuation of striatal inflammatory mediator's release. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 expression was concurrently increased. TEL effectively participated in neuronal survival as it promoted phosphorylation of Akt/GSK-3β, further increased Bcl-2 expression, and inhibited cleavage of caspase-3. Interestingly, co-treatment with GW9662 partially revoked the beneficial effects of TEL. These findings recommend that TEL improves motor and cognitive performance, while reducing neuronal inflammation and apoptosis in 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity via a PPARγ-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6Th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Nesrine S El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6Th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
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Eskandari N, Boroujeni ME, Abdollahifar MA, Piryaei A, Khodagholi F, Mirbehbahani SH, Siroosi S, Moghaddam MH, Aliaghaei A, Sadeghi Y. Transplantation of human dental pulp stem cells compensates for striatal atrophy and modulates neuro-inflammation in 3-nitropropionic acid rat model of Huntington's disease. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:133-144. [PMID: 33359180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy has recently offered a promising alternative for the remedy of neurodegenerative disorders like Huntington's disease (HD). Herein, we investigated the potential ameliorative effects of implantation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) rat models of HD. In this regard, human DPSCs were isolated, culture-expanded and implanted in rats lesioned with 3-NP. Post-transplantation examinations revealed that DPSCs were able to survive and augment motor skills and muscle activity. Histological analysis showed DPSCs treatment hampered the shrinkage of the striatum along with the inhibition of gliosis and microgliosis in the striatum of 3-NP rat models. We also detected the downregulation of Caspase-3 and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL-1β upon DPSCs grafting. Overall, these findings imply that the grafting of DPSCs could repair motor-skill impairment and induce neurogenesis, probably through the secretion of neurotrophic factors and the modulation of neuroinflammatory response in HD animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Eskandari
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mohammad Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shokoofeh Siroosi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yousef Sadeghi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Physiopathological Role of Neuroactive Steroids in the Peripheral Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239000. [PMID: 33256238 PMCID: PMC7731236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) refers to many conditions involving damage to the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Usually, PN causes weakness, numbness and pain and is the result of traumatic injuries, infections, metabolic problems, inherited causes, or exposure to chemicals. Despite the high prevalence of PN, available treatments are still unsatisfactory. Neuroactive steroids (i.e., steroid hormones synthesized by peripheral glands as well as steroids directly synthesized in the nervous system) represent important physiological regulators of PNS functionality. Data obtained so far and here discussed, indeed show that in several experimental models of PN the levels of neuroactive steroids are affected by the pathology and that treatment with these molecules is able to exert protective effects on several PN features, including neuropathic pain. Of note, the observations that neuroactive steroid levels are sexually dimorphic not only in physiological status but also in PN, associated with the finding that PN show sex dimorphic manifestations, may suggest the possibility of a sex specific therapy based on neuroactive steroids.
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Dapagliflozin improves behavioral dysfunction of Huntington's disease in rats via inhibiting apoptosis-related glycolysis. Life Sci 2020; 257:118076. [PMID: 32659371 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Huntington's disease is a rare neurodegenerative disorder which is associated with defected glucose metabolism with consequent behavioral disturbance including memory and locomotion. 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) can cause, in high single dose, an acute striatal injury/Huntington's disease. Dapagliflozin, which is one of the longest duration of action of SGLTIs family, may be able to diminish that injury and its resultant behavioral disturbances. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty rats were divided into four groups (n = 10 in each group): normal control group (CTRL), dapagliflozin (CTRL + DAPA) group, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) group, and dapagliflozin plus 3-nitropropionic acid (DAPA + 3-NP) group. Behavioral tests (beam walking test, hanging wire test, limb withdrawal test, Y-maze spontaneous alteration, elevated plus maze) were performed with evaluating neurological scoring. In striatum, neurotransmitters (glutamate, aspartate, GABA, ACh and AChE activity) were measured. In addition, apoptosis and glycolysis markers (NF-κB, Cyt-c, lactate, HK-II activity, P53, calpain, PEA15 and TIGAR) were determined. Inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) and autophagy (beclin-1, LC3 and DRAM) indicators were measured. Additionally, histopathological screening was conducted. KEY FINDINGS 3-Nitropropionic acid had the ability to perturb the neurotransmission which was reflected in impaired behavioral outcome. All of glycolysis, apoptosis and inflammation markers were elevated after 3-NP acute intoxication but autophagy parameters, except DRAM, were reduced. However, DAPA markedly reversed the abovementioned parameters. SIGNIFICANCE Dapagliflozin demonstrated anti-glycolytic, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and autophagic effects on 3-NP-damaged striatal cells and promoted the behavioral outcome.
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Giatti S, Diviccaro S, Serafini MM, Caruso D, Garcia-Segura LM, Viviani B, Melcangi RC. Sex differences in steroid levels and steroidogenesis in the nervous system: Physiopathological role. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 56:100804. [PMID: 31689419 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system, in addition to be a target for steroid hormones, is the source of a variety of neuroactive steroids, which are synthesized and metabolized by neurons and glial cells. Recent evidence indicates that the expression of neurosteroidogenic proteins and enzymes and the levels of neuroactive steroids are different in the nervous system of males and females. We here summarized the state of the art of neuroactive steroids, particularly taking in consideration sex differences occurring in the synthesis and levels of these molecules. In addition, we discuss the consequences of sex differences in neurosteroidogenesis for the function of the nervous system under healthy and pathological conditions and the implications of neuroactive steroids and neurosteroidogenesis for the development of sex-specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Diviccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Melania Maria Serafini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Viviani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto C Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Hsu YT, Chang YG, Chern Y. Insights into GABA Aergic system alteration in Huntington's disease. Open Biol 2018; 8:rsob.180165. [PMID: 30518638 PMCID: PMC6303784 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by a triad of motor, psychiatric and cognitive impairments. There is still no effective therapy to delay or halt the disease progress. The striatum and cortex are two particularly affected brain regions that exhibit dense reciprocal excitatory glutamate and inhibitory gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) connections. Imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory signalling is known to greatly affect motor and cognitive processes. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that disrupted GABAergic circuits underlie HD pathogenesis. In the present review, we focused on the multiple defects recently found in the GABAergic inhibitory system, including altered GABA level and synthesis, abnormal subunit composition and distribution of GABAA receptors and aberrant GABAA receptor-mediated signalling. In particular, the important role of cation–chloride cotransporters (i.e. NKCC1 and KCC2) is discussed. Recent studies also suggest that neuroinflammation contributes significantly to the abnormal GABAergic inhibition in HD. Thus, GABAA receptors and cation–chloride cotransporters are potential therapeutic targets for HD. Given the limited availability of therapeutic treatments for HD, a better understanding of GABAergic dysfunction in HD could provide novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Hsu
- PhD Program for Translational Medicine, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Gin Chang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yijuang Chern
- PhD Program for Translational Medicine, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Republic of China .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Giatti S, Garcia-Segura LM, Barreto GE, Melcangi RC. Neuroactive steroids, neurosteroidogenesis and sex. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 176:1-17. [PMID: 29981391 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is a target and a source of steroids. Neuroactive steroids are steroids that target neurons and glial cells. They include hormonal steroids originated in the peripheral glands, steroids locally synthesized by the neurons and glial cells (neurosteroids) and synthetic steroids, some of them used in clinical practice. Here we review the mechanisms of synthesis, metabolism and action of neuroactive steroids, including the role of epigenetic modifications and the mitochondria in their sex specific actions. We examine sex differences in neuroactive steroid levels under physiological conditions and their role in the establishment of sex dimorphic structures in the nervous system and sex differences in its function. In addition, particular attention is paid to neuroactive steroids under pathological conditions, analyzing how pathology alters their levels and their role as neuroprotective factors, considering the influence of sex in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Roberto C Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Chang MY, Rhee J, Kim SH, Kim YH. The Protective Effect of Egb 761 Against 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Hearing Loss: The Role of Sirtuin 1. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 11:9-16. [PMID: 29032664 PMCID: PMC5831657 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2017.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Local administration of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) to the inner ear induces sensorineural hearing loss. Several studies have shown the otoprotective effects of ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Moreover, EGb 761 has been reported to activate Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). The present study was designed to investigate whether EGb 761 prevents 3-NP-induced sensorineural hearing loss and determine its effects on the expression of SIRT1. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four experimental groups: control group receiving vehicle of 3-NP, EGb group receiving EGb 761, 3-NP group receiving 3-NP, and EGb+3-NP group receiving EGb 761 and 3-NP. EGb 761 was given orally for 5 days. The 3-NP solution was injected into the tympanum 3 days after the start of EGb 761 administration. The auditory brainstem response was recorded before and after the injection. At 4 weeks after the administration of 3-NP or vehicle of 3-NP, cochleae were harvested, and hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for SIRT1 antibody were performed. RESULTS EGb+3-NP group showed significantly lower threshold shifts than 3-NP group. There was a significant preservation of type II fibrocytes and spiral ganglion cells in EGb+3-NP group than in 3-NP group. In EGb+3-NP group, there was a significantly greater number of SIRT1 immunopositive type II fibrocytes and spiral ganglion cells than in 3-NP group. Calculating the percentage of SIRT1 immunoreactive type II fibrocytes and spiral ganglion cells in viable type II fibrocytes and spiral ganglion cells, respectively, EGb+3-NP group showed significantly higher SIRT1 immunoreactive cells than 3-NP group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that EGb 761 may prevent hearing loss induced by 3-NP in an acute ototoxic animal model, which appears to be related with SIRT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Young Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihye Rhee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Shin Hye Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan GovernmentSeoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Protective effect of Ficus religiosa (L.) against 3-nitropropionic acid induced Huntington disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-016-0237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Levels and actions of neuroactive steroids in the nervous system under physiological and pathological conditions: Sex-specific features. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 67:25-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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L-theanine, a Component of Green Tea Prevents 3-Nitropropionic Acid (3-NP)-Induced Striatal Toxicity by Modulating Nitric Oxide Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2327-2337. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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14
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Jamwal S, Kumar P. Spermidine ameliorates 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced striatal toxicity: Possible role of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitters. Physiol Behav 2016; 155:180-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Kaur N, Jamwal S, Deshmukh R, Gauttam V, Kumar P. Beneficial effect of rice bran extract against 3-nitropropionic acid induced experimental Huntington's disease in rats. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1222-1232. [PMID: 28962465 PMCID: PMC5598492 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive motor and non-motor dysfunction due to degeneration of medium spiny neurons in striatum. 3-Nitropropionic acid is commonly used to induce the animal model of HD. Rice bran is supposed to have beneficial effects on mitochondrial function. The present study has been designed to explore the effect of rice bran extract against 3-Nitropropionic acid induced neurotoxicity in rats. 3-Nitropropionic acid (10 mg/kg, i.p) was administered systemically for 21 days. Hexane and ethanol extract of rice bran were prepared using Soxhlation. Hexane (250 mg/kg) and ethanol extract (250 mg/kg) were administered per os for 21 days in 3-NP treated groups. Behavioral parameters (body weight, grip strength, motor coordination, locomotion) were conducted on 7th, 14th and 21st day. Animals were sacrificed on 22nd day for biochemical, mitochondrial dysfunction (Complex II), neuroinflammatory and neurochemical estimation in striatum. This study demonstrates significant alteration in behavioral parameters, oxidative burden (increased lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration and decreased glutathione), mitochondrial function (decreased Complex II enzyme activity), pro-inflammatory mediators and neurochemical levels in 3-nitropropionic acid treated animals. Administration of hexane and ethanol extract prevented the behavioral, biochemical, neuroinflammatory (increased TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and neurochemical alterations (decreased dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid, GABA and increased 3,4-dihydro phenyl acetaldehyde, homovanillic acid and glutamate levels) induced by 3-nitropropionic acid. The outcomes of present study suggest that rice bran extract is beneficial and might emerge as an adjuvant or prophylactic therapy for treatment of HD like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
- Research Scholar, Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Rahul Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Vinod Gauttam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
- Corresponding author.
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Hanna DMF, Tadros MG, Khalifa AE. ADIOL protects against 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity in rats: Possible impact of its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 60:36-51. [PMID: 25689821 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a wide spectrum of cognitive, behavioral and motor abnormalities. The mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) effectively induces specific behavioral changes and selective striatal lesions similar to that observed in HD. Some neurosteroids, synthesized in neurons and glial cells, previously showed neuroprotective abilities. 5-Androstene-3β-17β-diol (ADIOL) is a major metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) with previously reported anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective activities. The neuroprotective potential of ADIOL in HD was not previously investigated. Therefore, the present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of ADIOL against 3-NP-induced behavioral changes, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Intraperitoneal administration of 3-NP (20mg/kg) for 4 consecutive days in rats caused significant loss in body weight, reduced prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle response, locomotor hypoactivity with altered cortical/striatal histological structure, increased cortical/striatal oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Administration of ADIOL (25mg/kg, s.c.) for two days before 3-NP significantly attenuated the reduction in body weights and PPI, increased locomotor activity and restored cortical/striatal histological structure nearly to normal. Moreover, it displayed anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities as evidenced by the elevation of cortical and striatal reduced glutathione levels, reductions of cortical and striatal malondialdehyde, striatal tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels. Only a small number of iNOS and caspase-3 positive cells were detected in sections from rats pretreated with ADIOL. This study suggests a potential neuroprotective role of ADIOL against 3-NP-induced Huntington's disease-like manifestations. Such neuroprotection can be attributed to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M F Hanna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amani E Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Jamwal S, Singh S, Kaur N, Kumar P. Protective Effect of Spermidine Against Excitotoxic Neuronal Death Induced by Quinolinic Acid in Rats: Possible Neurotransmitters and Neuroinflammatory Mechanism. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:171-84. [PMID: 26078029 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Huntington disease is hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by selective and immense degradation of GABAergic medium spiny neurons in striatum. Quinolinic acid (QA)-induced neurotoxicity involves a cascade of events such as excitotoxicity, ATP depletion, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, as well as selective GABAergic neuronal loss. Therefore, we investigated spermidine, an endogenous molecule with free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonistic properties, for its beneficial potential if any, in QA-induced Huntington's like symptoms in rats. Rats were administered with QA (200 nmol/2 µl saline) bilaterally on 0 day. Spermidine (5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered for 21 days once a day. Behavioral parameters (body weight, locomotor activity, grip strength, and narrow beam walk) observations were done on 1st, 7th, 14th, and 21st day after QA treatment. On 21st day, animals were sacrificed and rat striatum was isolated for biochemical (LPO, GSH, Nitrite), neuroinflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and neurochemical analysis (GABA, glutamate, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, DOPAC, HVA, 5-HIAA, adenosine, adenine, hypoxanthine, and inosine). QA treatment significantly altered body weight, locomotor activity, motor coordination, oxidative defense (increased LPO, nitrite, and decreased GSH), pro-inflammatory levels (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), GABA, glutamate, catecholamines level (norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin and their metabolites), and purines level (adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine). Spermidine (5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly attenuated these alterations in body weight, motor impairments, oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory markers, GABA, glutamate, catecholamines, adenosine, and their metabolites levels in striatum. The neuroprotective effect of spermidine against QA-induced excitotoxic cell death is attributed to its antioxidant, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonistic, anti-inflammatory properties, and prevention of neurotransmitters alteration in striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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