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Vanini J, Rodrigues GB, Juchem ALM, Guecheva TN, Moura S, Dumas F, Henriques JAP, de Oliveira IM. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of mixed ternary mononuclear Mg complex based on valproic acid with 1,10-phenanthroline in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and V79 cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 39364577 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VA) is a widely used drug for the treatment of diseases affecting the central nervous system. Due to its epigenetic modulatory potential, it has been studied for possible therapeutic application in anticancer therapies. However, the VA exhibits different side effects in its application. Thus, synthetic coordination complexes with valproate can generate promising candidates for new active drugs with reduced toxicity. In this sense, we investigated the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of the sodium valproate and of the mixed ternary mononuclear Mg complex based on VA with 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) ligand - [Mg (Valp)2Phen], in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and V79 cells. The MTT and clonal survival assays in V79 cells indicated that the Mg complex has higher cytotoxicity than sodium valproate. A similar cytotoxicity profile is observed in yeast. This fact is possibly due to the intercalation capacity of [Mg(Valp)2Phen], inducing DNA strand breaks, as observed in the comet assay and micronucleus test. In this sense, members of the NER, HR, NHEJ and TLS repair pathways are required for the repair of DNA lesions induced by [Mg(Valp)2Phen]. Interestingly, BER proteins apparently increase the cytotoxic potential of the drug. Furthermore, the [Mg(Valp)2Phen] showed higher cytotoxicity in V79 cells and yeast when compared to sodium valproate indicating applicability as a cytotoxic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Vanini
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Temenouga Nikolova Guecheva
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Rumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratory of Natural and Synthetics Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Françoise Dumas
- Laboratoire BioCIS, CNRS UMR 8076, Université Paris Saclay, France
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Programs in Biotechnology and Medical Sciences, University of Vale do Taquari - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
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Oost LJ, Tack CJ, de Baaij JHF. Hypomagnesemia and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes. Endocr Rev 2022; 44:357-378. [PMID: 36346820 PMCID: PMC10166267 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia is tenfold more common in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), compared to the healthy population. Factors that are involved in this high prevalence are low Mg2+ intake, gut microbiome composition, medication use and presumably genetics. Hypomagnesemia is associated with insulin resistance, which subsequently increases the risk to develop T2D or deteriorates glycaemic control in existing diabetes. Mg2+ supplementation decreases T2D associated features like dyslipidaemia and inflammation; which are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between serum Mg2+ and the risk to develop heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF) and microvascular disease in T2D. The potential protective effect of Mg2+ on HF and AF may be explained by reduced oxidative stress, fibrosis and electrical remodeling in the heart. In microvascular disease, Mg2+ reduces the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia and improves endothelial dysfunction. Though, clinical studies assessing the effect of long-term Mg2+ supplementation on CVD incidents are lacking and gaps remain on how Mg2+ may reduce CVD risk in T2D. Despite the high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in people with T2D, routine screening of Mg2+ deficiency to provide Mg2+ supplementation when needed is not implemented in clinical care as sufficient clinical evidence is lacking. In conclusion, hypomagnesemia is common in people with T2D and is both involved as cause, probably through molecular mechanisms leading to insulin resistance, and consequence and is prospectively associated with development of HF, AF and microvascular complications. Whether long-term supplementation of Mg2+ is beneficial, however, remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette J Oost
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Bora VR, Gohel D, Singh R, Patel BM. Evaluation of selected antidiabetics in cardiovascular complications associated with cancer cachexia. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:807-820. [PMID: 36098898 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
So far, the cardio-protective potential of antidiabetics is proved, but their effect on cardiovascular complications associated with cancer cachexia is not explored until now. Insulin resistance and glucose intolerance along with systemic inflammation are prominent in cachexia but the potential effect of antidiabetic agents especially those belonging to biguanide, DPP4 inhibitors and SGLT2 on the heart are not studied till now. In present study, the effect of metformin, vildagliptin, teneligliptin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin on cardiovascular complications associated with cancer cachexia by using B16F1 induced metastatic cancer cachexia and urethane-induced cancer cachexia was studied. These antidiabetic agents proved to be beneficial against cachexia-induced atrophy of the heart, preserved ventricular weights, maintained cardiac hypertrophic index, preserved the wasting of cardiac muscles assessed by HE staining, Masson trichrome staining, periodic acid Schiff staining and picro-Sirius red staining. Altered cardiac gene expression was attenuated after treatment with selected antidiabetics, thus preventing cardiac atrophy. Also, antidiabetic agents treatment improved the serum creatinine kinase MB, Sodium potassium ATPase and collagen in the heart. Reduction in blood pressure and heart rate was observed after treatment with antidiabetic agents. Results of our study show that the selected antidiabetics prove to be beneficial in attenuating the cardiac atrophy and helps in regulation of hemodynamic stauts in cancer cachexia-induced cardiovascular complications. Our study provides some direction towards use of selected antidiabetic agents in the management of cardiovascular complications associated with cancer cachexia and the study outcomes can be useful in desiging clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek R Bora
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej- Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Dhruv Gohel
- Department of Biochemistry, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej- Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India.
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Kong F, Kang S, Zhang J, Zhao H, Peng Y, Yang M, Zheng Y, Shao J, Yue X. Whey protein and xylitol complex alleviate type 2 diabetes in C57BL/6 mice by regulating the intestinal microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111454. [PMID: 35761691 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder that has become a major threat to public health. Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that whey protein isolate (WPI) and xylitol (XY) play an important role on T2D. This manuscript hypothesizes the supplementation of whey protein and xylitol complex (WXY) has the hypoglycemic and hyperlipidemia effect of T2D mice induced by the conjoint action of a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) by modulating of intestinal microbiota. The mice with diabetes displayed higher levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, total triglycerides, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and other serum parameters than the normal mice. Treatment with WXY for 6 weeks significantly modulated the levels of FBG and insulin, improved insulin sensitivity, pancreas impairment and liver function in T2D mice, and the effect was better than that observed with WPI and XY groups. Moreover, supplementation with WXY significantly changed the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota in T2D mice and restored the intestinal bacteria associated with T2D (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Lactobacillus). This may be a potential mechanism for alleviating T2D symptoms. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the relative abundances of specific genera (Turicibacter, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Lactobacillus, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Faecalibaculum and Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002) were correlated with the levels of blood glucose and serum parameters. Therefore, WXY may be considered a promising dietary supplement for T2D treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhua Kong
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Shimo Kang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Huiwen Zhao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Yanqi Peng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Junhua Shao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
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Bora V, Patel D, Johar K, Goyal RK, Patel BM. Systemic study of selected histone deacetylase inhibitors in cardiac complications associated with cancer cachexia. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:240-251. [PMID: 34614370 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is mainly characterized by wasting of skeletal muscles and fat and body weight loss, along with severe complications of major organs like liver, heart, brain and bone. There can be diminishing performance of these major organs as cancer cachexia progresses, one such drastic effect on the cardiac system. In the present study, differential effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) on cardiac complications associated with cancer cachexia is studied. Two models were used to induce cancer cachexia: B16F1 induced metastatic cancer cachexia and Lewis lung carcinoma cell - induced cancer cachexia. Potential of Class I HDACi entinostat, Class II HDACi MC1568, and nonspecific HDACi sodium butyrate on cardiac complications were evaluated using the cardiac hypertrophy markers, hemodynamic markers, and cardiac markers along with histopathological evaluation of heart sections by Periodic acid-Schiff staining, Masson's trichrome staining, Picro-sirius red staining, and haematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry evaluation by vimentin and caspase 3 protein expression was evaluated. Entinostat showed promising results by attenuating the cardiac complications, and MC1568 treatment further exacerbated the cardiac complications, while non-conclusive effect were recorded after treatment with sodium butyrate. This study will be helpful in evaluating other HDACi for potential in cardiac complications associated with cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Bora
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Dhwani Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Kaid Johar
- Department of Zoology, BMTC, Human Genetics, USSC, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences Research University, Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
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Cardiac Complications: The Understudied Aspect of Cancer Cachexia. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:254-267. [PMID: 35171467 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of cancer cachexia is increasing along with drastic increase in cancer patients. Cancer itself leads to cachexia, and cachexia development is associated with events like altered hemodynamics, and reduced functional capacity of the heart among others which lead to failure of the heart and are called cardiovascular complications associated with cancer cachexia. In some patients, the anti-cancer therapy also leads to this cardiovascular complications. So, in this review, an attempt is made to understand the mechanisms, pathophysiology of cardiovascular events in cachectic patients. Important processes which cause cardiovascular complications include alterations in the structure of the heart, loss of cardiac mass and functioning, cardiac fibrosis and cardiac remodeling, apoptosis, cardiac muscle atrophy, and mitochondrial alterations. Previously, the available treatment options were limited to nutraceuticals and physical exercise. Recently, studies with some prospective agents that can improve cardiac health have been reported, but whether their action is effective in cardiovascular complications associated with cancer cachexia is not known or are under trial.
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Valproic acid influences the expression of genes implicated with hyperglycaemia-induced complement and coagulation pathways. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2163. [PMID: 33495488 PMCID: PMC7835211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Because the liver plays a major role in metabolic homeostasis and secretion of clotting factors and inflammatory innate immune proteins, there is interest in understanding the mechanisms of hepatic cell activation under hyperglycaemia and whether this can be attenuated pharmacologically. We have previously shown that hyperglycaemia stimulates major changes in chromatin organization and metabolism in hepatocytes, and that the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) is able to reverse some of these metabolic changes. In this study, we have used RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate how VPA influences gene expression in hepatocytes. Interesting, we observed that VPA attenuates hyperglycaemia-induced activation of complement and coagulation cascade genes. We also observe that many of the gene activation events coincide with changes to histone acetylation at the promoter of these genes indicating that epigenetic regulation is involved in VPA action.
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Common targets for a deadly duo of diabetes mellitus and colon cancer: Catching two fish with one worm. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 893:173805. [PMID: 33359221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a major health issue and number of cases are increasing every year. Diabetes mellitus is also a significant health issue that is growing day by day worldwide having negative influences on the survival of individuals. Research has shown a strong relationship between the two malignant diseases. The risk of colon cancer with patients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus has spiked by 30%. The scientific research suggests insulin has a major role in the spread of cancer and the condition unifying between the two diseases is hyperinsulinemia. Several anti-diabetic agents are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetesmellitus. However, their mechanism of action against cancer activity is a question and only a few agents have shown positive signs of action in colon cancer associated with type 2 diabetesmellitus. Hence, the identification of targets, which is common for both colon cancer, associated with type 2 diabetesmellitus has become an urgent requirement. Novel targets such as Liver X receptors, Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), Glucose Transporters (GLUTs), Peroxisome proliferator activator receptors (PPARs), Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (DPP4i), Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitors (CDK4i), Estrogen receptors,Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), Insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGF) are some of the targets which are common for both, type 2 diabetesmellitus and colon cancer. This current review gives an overview of the targets (using one worm) which are common for both viz. diabetes mellitus and colon cancer (two fish).
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Abstract
Heart failure is a worldwide pandemic influencing 26 million individuals worldwide and is expanding. Imbalanced redox homeostasis in cardiac cells alters the structure and function of the cells, which leads to contractile dysfunction, myocardial hypertrophy, and fibrosis in chronic heart failure. Various targets and agents acting on these such as siRNA, miRNA, interleukin-1, opioids, vasodilators, and SGLT2 inhibitors are being evaluated for heart failure, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is one of them. NRF2 is a master transcription factor which is expressed in most of the tissues and exhibits a major role in amplification of the antioxidant pathways associated with the enzymes present in myocardium. Increased ROS generation and PI3K-Akt signaling can activate the receptor NRF2. Various in vitro and in vivo and few clinical studies suggested NRF2 may possess a potential for targeting oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular diseases including heart failures. All these studies collectively propose that upregulation of NRF2 will attenuate the increase in hemodynamic stress and provide beneficial role in cardiovascular diseases. The current review shall familiarize readers about the regulations and functions of NRF2. We have also discussed the current evidences suggesting beneficial role of NRF2 activators in heart failure. Graphical abstract.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive inherited haemoglobinopathy which causes painful vaso-occlusive crises due to sickle red blood cell dehydration. Vaso-occlusive crises are common painful events responsible for a variety of clinical complications; overall mortality is increased and life expectancy decreased compared to the general population. Experimental studies suggest that intravenous magnesium has proven to be well-tolerated in individuals hospitalised for the immediate relief of acute (sudden onset) painful crisis and has the potential to decrease the length of hospital stay. Some in vitro studies and open studies of long-term oral magnesium showed promising effect on pain relief but failed to show its efficacy. The studies show that oral magnesium therapy may prevent sickle red blood cell dehydration and prevent recurrent painful episodes. There is a need to access evidence for the impact of oral and intravenous magnesium effect on frequency of pain, length of hospital stay and quality of life. This is an updated version of the review. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of short-term intravenous magnesium on the length of hospital stay and quality of life in children and adults with sickle cell disease. To determine the effects of long-term oral magnesium therapy on the frequency of painful crises and the quality of life in children and adults with sickle cell disease. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books.Date of last search of the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register: 03 February 2019.Date of last search of other resources (clinical trials registries): 04 April 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA We searched for published and unpublished randomized controlled studies of oral or intravenous magnesium compared to placebo or no magnesium. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Authors independently assessed the study quality and extracted the data using standard Cochrane methodologies. MAIN RESULTS We included five randomized placebo-controlled studies with a total of 386 participants (aged three to 53 years). Of these, two shorter parallel studies (n = 306) compared intravenous magnesium sulphate to placebo (normal saline) for admission to hospital due to a vaso-occlusive crisis, for which we were able to analyse data. The quality of evidence was moderate for studies in this comparison, mainly due to limitations due to risk of bias and imprecision. Two of the three longer-term studies comparing oral magnesium pidolate to placebo had a cross-over design. The third was a parallel factorial study which compared hydroxyurea and oral magnesium to each other and to placebo over a longer period of time; we only present the comparison of oral magnesium to placebo from this study. The quality of evidence was very low with uncertainty of the estimation.The eight-hourly dose levels in the two studies of intravenous magnesium were different; one used 100 mg/kg while the second used 40 mg/kg. Only one of these studies (n = 104) reported the mean daily pain score while hospitalised (a non-significant difference between groups, moderate quality evidence). The second study (n = 202) reported a number of child- and parent-reported quality of life scores. None of the scores showed any difference between treatment groups (low quality evidence). Data from one study (n = 106) showed no difference in length of stay in hospital between groups (low quality evidence). Both studies reported on adverse events, but not defined by severity as we had planned. One study showed significantly more participants receiving intravenous magnesium experienced warmth at infusion site compared to placebo; there were no differences between groups for other adverse events (low quality evidence).Three studies (n = 80) compared oral magnesium pidolate to placebo. None of them reported data which we were able to analyse. One study (n = 24) reported on the number of painful days and stated there was no difference between two groups (low quality evidence). None of the studies reported on quality of life or length of hospital stay. Two studies (n = 68) reported there were no differences in levels of magnesium in either plasma or red blood cells (moderate quality evidence). Two studies (n = 56) reported adverse events. One reported episodes of mild diarrhoea and headache, all of which resolved without stopping treatment. The second study reported adverse events as gastrointestinal disorders, headache or migraine, upper respiratory infections and rash; which were all evenly distributed across treatment groups (moderate quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Moderate to low quality evidence showed neither intravenous magnesium and oral magnesium therapy has an effect on reducing painful crisis, length of hospital stay and changing quality of life in treating sickle cell disease. Therefore, no definitive conclusions can be made regarding its clinical benefit. Further randomized controlled studies, perhaps multicentre, are necessary to establish whether intravenous and oral magnesium therapies have any effect on improving the health of people with sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Nitra Than
- Faculty of Medicine, Melaka‐Manipal Medical College (MMMC), Manipal Academy of Higher Education(MAHE)Department of Community MedicineMelakaMalaysia75150
| | - Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe
- Faculty of Medicine, Melaka‐Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE)Department of Community MedicineJalan Batu HamparBukit BaruMelakaMalaysia75150
| | - Senthil K Palaniappan
- NHS trustDepartment of Medicine, University Hospitals of LeicesterLeicester Royal InfirmaryLeicesterUKLE1 5WW
| | - Adinegara BL Abas
- Melaka‐Manipal Medical College (Manipal Academy of Higher Education)Department of Community MedicineJalan Batu HamparBukit BaruMelakaMalaysia75150
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- University of Verona‐AOUI VeronaDepartment of MedicinePolilinico GB RossiVeronaItaly37134
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Antwi-Boasiako C, Kusi-Mensah YA, Hayfron-Benjamin C, Aryee R, Dankwah GB, Kwawukume LA, Darkwa EO. Total Serum Magnesium Levels and Calcium-To-Magnesium Ratio in Sickle Cell Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E547. [PMID: 31470666 PMCID: PMC6780276 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Imbalance of calcium/magnesium ratio could lead to clinical complications in sickle cell disease (SCD). Low levels of magnesium have been associated with sickling, increased polymerization and vaso-occlusion (VOC) in sickle cell due to cell dehydration. The K-Cl cotransport plays a very important role in sickle cell dehydration and is inhibited by significantly increasing levels of magnesium. The study evaluated total serum magnesium levels and computed calcium/magnesium ratio in SCD patients and "healthy" controls. Materials and methods: The study was a case-control cross-sectional one, involving 120 SCD patients (79 Haemoglobin SS (HbSS)and 41 Haemoglobin SC (HbSC)) at the steady state and 48 "healthy" controls. Sera were prepared from whole blood samples (n = 168) and total magnesium and calcium measured using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Variant 240FS manufactured by VARIAN Australia Pty Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia). Calcium/magnesium ratios were calculated in patients and the controls. Results: The prevalence of hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia among the SCD patients was observed to be 39.17% and 52.50% respectively, higher than the controls (4.17% and 22.92%, for hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia, respectively). Level of magnesium was significantly lower in the SCD patients compared to their healthy counterparts (p = 0.002). The magnesium level was further reduced in the HbSS patients but not significantly different from the HbSC patients (p = 0.584). calcium/magnesium ratio was significantly higher in the SCD patients (p = 0.031). Although calcium/magnesium ratio was higher in the HbSC patients compared to those with the HbSS genotype, the difference was not significant (p = 0.101). Conclusion: The study shows that magnesium homeostasis are altered in SCD patients, and their levels are lower in HbSS patients. Although calcium/magnesium ratio is significantly higher in SCD patients compared with controls, there is no significant difference between patients with HbSS and HbSC genotypes. Magnesium supplementation may be required in sickle cell patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Antwi-Boasiako
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana.
| | - Yaw A Kusi-Mensah
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
- Departments of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Charles Hayfron-Benjamin
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
- Departments of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Robert Aryee
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Gifty Boatemaah Dankwah
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Lim Abla Kwawukume
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Owusu Darkwa
- Departments of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
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Association between serum magnesium and blood count: influence of type 2 diabetes and central obesity. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:1287-1293. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe relationship between serum Mg and blood cell counts in Chinese adult diabetes or central obesity was assessed by investigating 8163 subjects with China Health and Nutrition Survey (mean age 59⋅6 years, 54⋅9 % men). Participants were classified according to blood Mg (below 0⋅65 mmol/l, or 0⋅66–0⋅94 mmol/l or above 0⋅95 mmol/l), type 2 diabetes (yes/no) and central obesity (yes/no). Leucocytes, erythrocytes, platelets (PLT), Hb and glycated Hb (HbA1c) were determined using standardised methods and conditions. HbAc1, leucocytes and PLT were significantly higher among subjects with central obesity than without central obesity (P < 0⋅05). A significant increase for Hb, erythrocytes, PLT, but not leucocytes, across progressive Mg groups was observed in subjects without diabetes (P < 0⋅05). Hb, erythrocytes and HbAc1 were significantly higher among subjects with higher Mg than in subjects with lower Mg with diabetes (P < 0⋅05). Central obesity disturbed the positive association between PLT count and serum Mg. Type 2 diabetes caused metabolism disorder in serum Mg, blood sugar and blood cell count. Hb, erythrocytes and PLT, but not leucocytes, are positively correlated with serum Mg, but this association is somehow disturbed by type 2 diabetes or central obesity.
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Barragán-Bonilla MI, Mendoza-Bello JM, Aguilera P, Parra-Rojas I, Illades-Aguiar B, Ramírez M, Espinoza-Rojo M. Combined Administration of Streptozotocin and Sucrose Accelerates the Appearance of Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms in Rats. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:3791061. [PMID: 31355292 PMCID: PMC6637680 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3791061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a disease with a high global prevalence, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, and changes in body weight. Animal models have been very useful for the study of this disease and to search for new therapeutic targets that delay, attenuate, or avoid diabetic complications. The purpose of this work was to establish a model of type 2 diabetes and exhibit the majority of the characteristics of the disease. Two-day-old male and female Wistar rats were treated once with streptozotocin (70 or 90 mg/kg body weight). After weaning, they were given a sucrose-sweetened beverage (SSB; sucrose at 10 or 30%) during 7 or 11 weeks; their body weight and food intake were measured daily. With the rats at 14 weeks of age, we determined the following: (a) fasting blood glucose, (b) oral glucose tolerance, and (c) insulin tolerance. We found that the supplementation of sucrose at 10% for 7 weeks in male rats which had previously been given streptozotocin (70 mg/kg) at neonatal stage leads to the appearance of the signs and symptoms of the characteristic of type 2 diabetes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Isela Barragán-Bonilla
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica de la Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Gro. 39090, Mexico
| | - Juan Miguel Mendoza-Bello
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica de la Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Gro. 39090, Mexico
| | - Penélope Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Av. Insurgentes Sur 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Obesidad y Diabetes de la Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Ciudad Universitaria, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Gro. 39090, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular de la Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Gro. 39090, Mexico
| | - Mónica Ramírez
- CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Javier Méndez Aponte No. 1, Fracc. Servidor Agrario, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Gro. 39070, Mexico
| | - Mónica Espinoza-Rojo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica de la Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Gro. 39090, Mexico
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14
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Zhang J, Xu Z, Gu J, Jiang S, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Freedman JH, Sun J, Cai L. HDAC3 inhibition in diabetic mice may activate Nrf2 preventing diabetes-induced liver damage and FGF21 synthesis and secretion leading to aortic protection. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E150-E162. [PMID: 29634312 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00465.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular complications are common pathologies associated with type 1 diabetes. In recent years, histone deacetylation enzyme (HDAC) inhibitors have been shown to be successful in preventing atherosclerosis. To investigate the mechanism for HDAC3 inhibition in preventing diabetic aortic pathologies, male OVE26 type 1 diabetic mice and age-matched wild-type (FVB) mice were given the HDAC3-specific inhibitor RGFP-966 or vehicle for 3 mo. These mice were then euthanized immediately or maintained for an additional 3 mo without treatment. Levels of aortic inflammation and fibrosis and plasma and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels were determined. Because the liver is the major organ for FGF21 synthesis in diabetic animals, the effects of HDAC3 inhibition on hepatic FGF21 synthesis were examined. Additionally, hepatic miR-200a and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) expression and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation were measured. HDAC3 inhibition significantly reduced aortic fibrosis and inflammation in OVE26 mice at both 3 and 6 mo. Plasma FGF21 levels were significantly higher in RGFP-966-treated OVE26 mice compared with vehicle-treated mice at both time points. It also significantly reduced hepatic pathologies associated with diabetes, accompanied by increased FGF21 mRNA and protein expression. HDAC3 inhibition also increased miR-200a expression, reduced Keap1 protein levels, and increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation with an upregulation of antioxidant gene and FGF21 transcription. Our results support a model where HDAC3 inhibition may promote Nrf2 activity by increasing miR-200a expression with a concomitant decrease in Keap1 to preserve hepatic FGF21 synthesis. The preservation of hepatic FGF21 synthesis ultimately leads to a reduction in diabetes-induced aorta pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Zheng Xu
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China
| | - Junlian Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Saizhi Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Quan Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China
| | - Jonathan H Freedman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jian Sun
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
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15
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Beneficial Effect of Silymarin in Pressure Overload Induced Experimental Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 19:23-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Patel MM, Patel BM. Repurposing of sodium valproate in colon cancer associated with diabetes mellitus: Role of HDAC inhibition. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:188-199. [PMID: 29852291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetic patients are at greater risk for colon cancer. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) serve as common target for both. The key objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of sodium valproate in type 2 diabetes mellitus associated colon cancer. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH High fat diet and streptozotocin were used to induce type 2 diabetes. Following this, after diabetes confirmation, colon cancer was induced using 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (25 mg/kg, s.c.) once weekly from 7th week to 20th weeks. Sodium valproate (200 mg/kg) treatment was given from 20th to 24th week. At the end of 24 weeks, several enzymatic and biochemical parameters, were estimated. MTT, clonogenic and scratch wound healing assay were carried out in HCT-15 cell line. KEY RESULTS Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increase in cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and carcinoembryonic antigen and presence of proliferating cells was seen in disease control animals which was prevented by sodium valproate treatment. Overexpression of relative HDAC2 mRNA levels was found in diseased control animals, which was reduced by sodium valproate treatment. IC50 of sodium valproate was found to be 3.40 mM and 3.73 mM at 48 h and 72 h respectively on HCT-15 cell line. Sodium valproate also dose dependently prevented colony formation and cell migration. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Sodium valproate can be considered for repurposing in colon cancer associated with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur M Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India.
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India.
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17
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Kim M, Lee HA, Cho HM, Kang SH, Lee E, Kim IK. Histone deacetylase inhibition attenuates hepatic steatosis in rats with experimental Cushing's syndrome. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 22:23-33. [PMID: 29302209 PMCID: PMC5746509 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a collection of symptoms caused by prolonged exposure to excess cortisol. Chronically elevated glucocorticoid (GC) levels contribute to hepatic steatosis. We hypothesized that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) could attenuate hepatic steatosis through glucocorticoid receptor (GR) acetylation in experimental CS. To induce CS, we administered adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; 40 ng/kg/day) to Sprague-Dawley rats by subcutaneous infusion with osmotic mini-pumps. We administered the HDACi, sodium valproate (VPA; 0.71% w/v), in the drinking water. Treatment with the HDACi decreased steatosis and the expression of lipogenic genes in the livers of CS rats. The enrichment of GR at the promoters of the lipogenic genes, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (Srebp1c), was markedly decreased by VPA. Pan-HDACi and an HDAC class I-specific inhibitor, but not an HDAC class II a-specific inhibitor, attenuated dexamethasone (DEX)-induced lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. The transcriptional activity of Fasn was decreased by pretreatment with VPA. In addition, pretreatment with VPA decreased DEX-induced binding of GR to the glucocorticoid response element (GRE). Treatment with VPA increased the acetylation of GR in ACTH-infused rats and DEX-induced HepG2 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that HDAC inhibition attenuates hepatic steatosis hrough GR acetylation in experimental CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hae-Ahm Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hyun-Min Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Seol-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Eunjo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - In Kyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
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18
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Rabadiya S, Bhadada S, Dudhrejiya A, Vaishnav D, Patel B. Magnesium valproate ameliorates type 1 diabetes and cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats through estrogen receptors. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:919-927. [PMID: 29136770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is known to exhibit cardioprotective and antihyperlipidemic action. Valproic acid has been shown to upregulate estrogen receptors (ERs) in breast and prostate cancer tissues. No pharmacological evaluations for magnesium valproate (MgV) so far have been done for diabetic cadio-lipidemic complications. Based on the above context, current study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of MgV in cardiac complications associated with type-1 diabetes mellitus in rats wherein diabetes was induced by single tail vein injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 45mg/kg, IV) in female Sprague Dawley rats and treatment of MgV (210mg/kg, PO) was given for eight weeks to diabetic animals, after which, various biochemical and cardiac biomarkers, hypertrophic, hemodynamic and histological parameters along with immunohistochemistry of ERs in the left ventricle (LV) were estimated. MgV treatment significantly controlled hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, reduced elevated cardiac biomarkers and C-reactive protein(CRP), significantly improved hemodynamic functions and increased the rate of pressure development and decay. MgV also significantly reduced left ventricular hypertrophy index and cardiac hypertrophy index, LV wall thickness, LV collagen, cardiomyocyte diameter and prevented the oxidative stress with significant increase in Na+-K+-ATPase activity in LV. Moreover, MgV reversed STZ-induced histological alterations and decreased glycogen content in LV and increased the ERβ expressions in LV as evidenced by immunohistochemistry. The result indicated that MgV prevented disease progression in the early stage of diabetic cardiomyopathy which seems to be mediated by upregulation of estrogen receptors in LV tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Rabadiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Shradhha Bhadada
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashvin Dudhrejiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Devendra Vaishnav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomika Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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19
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Xu Z, Tong Q, Zhang Z, Wang S, Zheng Y, Liu Q, Qian LB, Chen SY, Sun J, Cai L. Inhibition of HDAC3 prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy in OVE26 mice via epigenetic regulation of DUSP5-ERK1/2 pathway. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1841-1857. [PMID: 28533215 PMCID: PMC5737625 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of total histone deacetylases (HDACs) was phenomenally associated with the prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, which specific HDAC plays the key role in DCM remains unclear. The present study was designed to determine whether DCM can be prevented by specific inhibition of HDAC3 and to elucidate the mechanisms by which inhibition of HDAC3 prevents DCM. Type 1 diabetes OVE26 and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice were given the selective HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966 or vehicle for 3 months. These mice were then killed immediately or 3 months later for cardiac function and pathological examination. HDAC3 activity was significantly increased in the heart of diabetic mice. Administration of RGFP966 significantly prevented DCM, as evidenced by improved diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and fibrosis, along with diminished cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance, not only in the mice killed immediately or 3 months later following the 3-month treatment. Furthermore, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, a well-known initiator of cardiac hypertrophy, was significantly increased, while dual specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5), an ERK1/2 nuclear phosphatase, was substantially decreased in diabetic hearts. Both of these changes were prevented by RGFP966. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that HDAC3 inhibition elevated histone H3 acetylation on the DUSP5 gene promoter at both two time points. These findings suggest that diabetes-activated HDAC3 inhibits DUSP5 expression through deacetylating histone H3 on the primer region of DUSP5 gene, leading to the derepression of ERK1/2 and the initiation of DCM. The present study indicates the potential application of HDAC3 inhibitor for the prevention of DCM.
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MESH Headings
- Acrylamides/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/genetics
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Dual-Specificity Phosphatases/metabolism
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Histone Deacetylases/drug effects
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Histone Deacetylases/physiology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics
- Male
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myocardium/enzymology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phenylenediamines/therapeutic use
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, U.S.A
| | - Qian Tong
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qian
- Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, U.S.A
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, U.S.A
| | - Jian Sun
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, U.S.A
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive inherited haemoglobinopathy which causes painful vaso-occlusive crises due to sickle red blood cell dehydration. Vaso-occlusive crises are common painful events responsible for a variety of clinical complications; overall mortality is increased and life expectancy decreased compared to the general population. Experimental studies suggest that intravenous magnesium has proven to be well-tolerated in individuals hospitalised for the immediate relief of acute (sudden onset) painful crisis and has the potential to decrease the length of hospital stay. Some in vitro studies and open studies of long-term oral magnesium showed promising effect on pain relief but failed to show its efficacy. The studies show that oral magnesium therapy may prevent sickle red blood cell dehydration and prevent recurrent painful episodes. There is a need to access evidence for the impact of oral and intravenous magnesium effect on frequency of pain, length of hospital stay and quality of life. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of short-term intravenous magnesium on the length of hospital stay and quality of life in children and adults with sickle cell disease. To determine the effects of long-term oral magnesium therapy on the frequency of painful crises and the quality of life in children and adults with sickle cell disease. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books.Date of last search of the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register: 01 December 2016.Date of last search of other resources (clinical trials registries): 29 March 2017. SELECTION CRITERIA We searched for published and unpublished randomized controlled studies of oral or intravenous magnesium compared to placebo or no magnesium. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Authors independently assessed the study quality and extracted the data using standard Cochrane methodologies. MAIN RESULTS We included five randomized placebo-controlled studies with a total of 386 participants (aged three to 53 years). Two shorter parallel studies (n = 306) compared intravenous magnesium sulphate to placebo (normal saline) for admission to hospital due to a vaso-occlusive crisis, for which we were able to analyse data. The quality of evidence was moderate for studies presenting this comparison mainly due to limitations due to risk of bias and imprecision. Two of the three longer-term studies comparing oral magnesium pidolate to placebo had a cross-over design. The third was a parallel factorial study which compared hydroxyurea and oral magnesium to each other and to placebo over a longer period of time; we only present the comparison of oral magnesium to placebo from this study. The quality of evidence was very low with uncertainty of the estimation.The eight-hourly dose levels in the two studies of intravenous magnesium were different; one used 100 mg/kg while the second used 40 mg/kg. Only one of these studies (n = 104) reported the mean daily pain score while hospitalised (a non-significant difference between groups, moderate quality evidence). The second study (n = 202) reported a number of child- and parent-reported quality of life scores. None of the scores showed any difference between treatment groups (low quality evidence). Data from one study (n = 106) showed no difference in length of stay in hospital between groups (low quality evidence). Both studies reported on adverse events, but not defined by severity as we had planned. One study showed significantly more participants receiving intravenous magnesium experienced warmth at infusion site compared to placebo; there were no differences between groups for other adverse events (low quality evidence).Three studies (n = 80) compared oral magnesium pidolate to placebo. None of them reported data which we were able to analyse. One study (n = 24) reported on the number of painful days and stated there was no difference between two groups (low quality evidence). None of the studies reported on quality of life or length of hospital stay. Two studies (n = 68) reported there were no differences in levels of magnesium in either plasma or red blood cells (moderate quality evidence). Two studies (n = 56) reported adverse events. One reported episodes of mild diarrhoea and headache, all of which resolved without stopping treatment. The second study reported adverse events as gastrointestinal disorders, headache or migraine, upper respiratory infections and rash; which were all evenly distributed across treatment groups (moderate quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Moderate to low quality evidence showed neither intravenous magnesium and oral magnesium therapy has an effect on reducing painful crisis, length of hospital stay and changing quality of life in treating sickle cell disease. Therefore, no definitive conclusions can be made regarding its clinical benefit. Further randomized controlled studies, perhaps multicentre, are necessary to establish whether intravenous and oral magnesium therapies have any effect on improving the health of people with sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Nitra Than
- Melaka‐Manipal Medical CollegeDepartment of Community MedicineJalan Batu HamparBukit BaruMelakaMalaysia75150
| | - Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe
- Melaka‐Manipal Medical CollegeDepartment of Community MedicineJalan Batu HamparBukit BaruMelakaMalaysia75150
| | - Senthil K Palaniappan
- NHS trustDepartment of Medicine, University Hospitals of LeicesterLeicester Royal InfirmaryLeicesterUKLE1 5WW
| | - Adinegara BL Abas
- Melaka‐Manipal Medical CollegeDepartment of Community MedicineJalan Batu HamparBukit BaruMelakaMalaysia75150
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- University of Verona‐AOUI VeronaDepartment of MedicinePolilinico GB RossiVeronaItaly37134
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21
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Yu Y, Zheng G. Troxerutin protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy through NF‑κB/AKT/IRS1 in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3473-3478. [PMID: 28440404 PMCID: PMC5436284 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Troxerutin is a bioflavonoid, which can be used to treat venous disorders, thrombosis and cerebrovascular diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that it may also be used to prevent edemas. However, it is not known whether troxerutin protects against the cardiomyopathic complications of diabetes. In the present study, a rat model of type 2 diabetes was used to investigate the potential for troxerutin to protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy, through changes to nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) expression. Troxerutin administration significantly reduced heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose and plasma triglyceride levels across all measured time points. Furthermore, troxerutin significantly reduced reactive oxygen species levels, NF‑κB protein expression, and suppressed the phosphorylated forms of AKT, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK). These results suggested that troxerutin protects against cardiomyopathy via alterations in NF‑κB, AKT and IRS1 signaling, in a rat model of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Linzi District People's Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255400, P.R. China
| | - Guanzhong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Linzi District People's Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255400, P.R. China
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22
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23
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Raghunathan S, Goyal RK, Patel BM. Selective inhibition of HDAC2 by magnesium valproate attenuates cardiac hypertrophy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:260-267. [PMID: 28177689 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory paradigm in cardiac hypertrophy involves alterations in gene expression that is mediated by chromatin remodeling. Various data suggest that class I and class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) play opposing roles in the regulation of hypertrophic pathways. To address this, we tested the effect of magnesium valproate (MgV), an HDAC inhibitor with 5 times more potency on class I HDACs. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by partial abdominal aortic constriction in Wistar rats, and at the end of 6 weeks, we evaluated hypertrophic, hemodynamic, and oxidative stress parameters, and mitochondrial DNA concentration. Treatment with MgV prevented cardiac hypertrophy, improved hemodynamic functions, prevented oxidative stress, and increased mitochondrial DNA concentration. MgV treatment also increased the survival rate of the animals as depicted by the Kaplan-Meier curve. Improvement in hypertrophy due to HDAC inhibition was further confirmed by HDAC mRNA expression studies, which revealed that MgV decreases expression of pro-hypertrophic HDAC (i.e., HDAC2) without altering the expression of anti-hypertrophic HDAC5. Selective class I HDAC inhibition is required for controlling cardiac hypertrophy. Newer HDAC inhibitors that are class I inhibitors and class II promoters can be designed to obtain "pan" or "dual" natural HDAC "regulators".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- b Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences Research University, Delhi, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- a Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India
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Fang X, Liang C, Li M, Montgomery S, Fall K, Aaseth J, Cao Y. Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and dose-based meta-regression analysis of prospective studies. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 38:64-73. [PMID: 27053099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although epidemiology studies have reported the relationship, including a dose-response relationship, between dietary magnesium intake and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the risk for CVD mortality is inconclusive and the evidence for a dose-response relationship has not been summarized. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to summarize the evidence regarding the association of dietary magnesium intake with risk of CVD mortality and describe their dose-response relationship. DESIGN We identified relevant studies by searching major scientific literature databases and grey literature resources from their inception to August 2015, and reviewed references lists of retrieved articles. We included population-based studies that reported mortality risks, i.e. relative risks (RRs), odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) of CVD mortality or cause-specific CVD death. Linear dose-response relationships were assessed using random-effects meta-regression. Potential nonlinear associations were evaluated using restricted cubic splines. RESULTS Out of 3002 articles, 9 articles from 8 independent studies met the eligibility criteria. These studies comprised 449,748 individuals and 10,313 CVD deaths. Compared with the lowest dietary magnesium consumption group in the population, the risk of CVD mortality was reduced by 16% in women and 8% in men. No significant linear dose-response relationship was found between increment in dietary magnesium intake and CVD mortality across all the studies. After adjusting for age and BMI, the risk of CVD mortality was reduced by 24-25% per 100mg/d increment in dietary magnesium intake in women of all the participants and in all the US participants. CONCLUSION Although the combined data confirm the role of dietary magnesium intake in reducing CVD mortality, the dose-response relationship was only found among women and in US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200003 Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 200003 Shanghai, China
| | - Scott Montgomery
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70185 Örebro, Sweden; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Katja Fall
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70185 Örebro, Sweden; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Faculty of Public Health, Hedmark University College, 2411 Elverum, Norway; Innlandet Hospital Trust, Kongsvinger Hospital Division, 2226 Kongsvinger, Norway
| | - Yang Cao
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70185 Örebro, Sweden.
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Bhattacharjee N, Khanra R, Dua TK, Das S, De B, Zia-Ul-Haq M, De Feo V, Dewanjee S. Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult. & Schult. F. (Family: Asparagaceae) Attenuates Type 2 Diabetes and Its Associated Cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167131. [PMID: 27893829 PMCID: PMC5125675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult. & Schult. F. (Family: Asparagaceae) rhizome has been claimed to possess antidiabetic activity in the ethno-medicinal literature in India. Therefore, present experiments were carried out to explore the protective role of edible (aqueous) extract of S. roxburghiana rhizome (SR) against experimentally induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated cardiomyopathy in Wistar rats. METHODS SR was chemically characterized by GC-MS analysis. Antidiabetic activity of SR (50 and 100 mg/kg, orally) was measured in high fat diets (ad libitum) + low-single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) induced type 2 diabetic (T2D) rat. Fasting blood glucose level was measured at specific intermissions. Serum biochemical and inflammatory markers were estimated after sacrificing the animals. Besides, myocardial redox status, expressions of signal proteins (NF-κB and PKCs), histological and ultrastructural studies of heart were performed in the controls and SR treated T2D rats. RESULTS Phytochemical screening of the crude extract revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, sugar alcohols, sterols, amino acids, saturated fatty acids within SR. T2D rats exhibited significantly (p < 0.01) higher fasting blood glucose level with respect to control. Alteration in serum lipid profile (p < 0.01) and increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.01) and creatine kinase (p < 0.01) in the sera revealed the occurrence of hyperlipidemia and cell destruction in T2D rats. T2DM caused significant (p < 0.05-0.01) alteration in the biochemical markers in the sera. T2DM altered the redox status (p < 0.05-0.01), decreased (p < 0.01) the intracellular NAD and ATP concentrations in the myocardial tissues of experimental rats. While investigating the molecular mechanism, activation PKC isoforms was observed in the selected tissues. T2D rats also exhibited an up-regulation in nuclear NF-κB (p65) in the cardiac tissues. So, oral administration of SR (50 and 500 mg/kg) could reduce hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, membrane disintegration, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation and prevented the activation of oxidative stress induced signaling cascades leading to cell death. Histological and ultra-structural studies of cardiac tissues supported the protective characteristics of SR. CONCLUSIONS From the present findings it can be concluded that, SR could offer protection against T2DM and its associated cardio-toxicity via multiple mechanisms viz. hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloy Bhattacharjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Ritu Khanra
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Tarun K. Dua
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Susmita Das
- Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Bratati De
- Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - M. Zia-Ul-Haq
- Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- * E-mail: (SD); (VDF)
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail: (SD); (VDF)
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Khan S, Ahirwar K, Jena G. Anti-fibrotic effects of valproic acid: role of HDAC inhibition and associated mechanisms. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1087-101. [PMID: 27411759 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue injuries and pathological insults produce oxidative stress, genetic and epigenetic alterations, which lead to an imbalance between pro- and anti-fibrotic molecules, and subsequent accumulation of extracellular matrix, thereby fibrosis. Various molecular pathways play a critical role in fibroblasts activation, which promotes the extracellular matrix production and accumulation. Recent reports highlighted that histone deacetylases (HDACs) are upregulated in various fibrotic disorders and play a central role in fibrosis, while HDAC inhibitors exert antifibrotic effects. Valproic acid is a first-line anti-epileptic drug and a proven HDAC inhibitor. This review provides the current research and novel insights on antifibrotic effects of valproic acid in various fibrotic conditions with an emphasis on the possible strategies for treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kailash Ahirwar
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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Amoni M, Kelly-Laubscher R, Blackhurst D, Gwanyanya A. Beneficial Effects of Magnesium Treatment on Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Ventricular Function in Diabetic Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 22:169-178. [PMID: 27276916 DOI: 10.1177/1074248416653831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus induces life-threatening cardiovascular complications such as cardiac autonomic neuropathy and ventricular dysfunction and is associated with hypomagnesemia. In this study, we investigated the short-term effects of magnesium (Mg2+) treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiac complications. METHODS Adult Wistar rats were treated once with STZ (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [ip]) or vehicle (citrate) and then daily for 7 days with MgSO4 (270 mg/kg, ip) or saline. On the eighth day, in vivo tail-pulse plethysmography was recorded for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, and ex vivo Langendorff-based left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume parameters were measured using an intraventricular balloon. Measurements of plasma lipid and Mg2+ levels as well as blood glucose and cardiac tissue Mg2+ levels were also performed. RESULTS Treatment with Mg2+ prevented diabetes-induced alterations in the standard deviation of the averages of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDANN), root mean square differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), heart rate, and low-frequency (LF) power-high-frequency (HF) power ratio. In addition, Mg2+ restored orthostatic stress-induced changes in SDANN, RMSSD, and LF-HF ratio in diabetic rats. In isolated hearts, Mg2+ reversed the diabetes-induced decrease in LV end-diastolic elastance and the right shift of end-diastolic equilibrium volume intercept, without altering LV-developed pressure or end-systolic elastance. However, Mg2+ did not prevent the elevation in blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides or the decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetes. Plasma- or cardiac tissue Mg2+ was not different among the treatment groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Mg2+ treatment may attenuate diabetes-induced reduction in HRV and improve LV diastolic distensibility, without preventing hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Thus, Mg2+ may have a modulatory role in the early stages of diabetic cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Amoni
- 1 Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Roisin Kelly-Laubscher
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,3 Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dee Blackhurst
- 4 Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Asfree Gwanyanya
- 1 Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Khan S, Kumar S, Jena G. Valproic acid reduces insulin-resistance, fat deposition and FOXO1-mediated gluconeogenesis in type-2 diabetic rat. Biochimie 2016; 125:42-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sukumaran S, Patel HJ, Patel BM. Evaluation of role of telmisartan in combination with 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer cachexia. Life Sci 2016; 154:15-23. [PMID: 27117583 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of combination of telmisartan with 5-flourouracil (5-FU) in gastric cancer cachexia induced by administering N-methyl-N'-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). METHOD MNND was administered once daily by oral gavage for two weeks, and saturated NaCl (1ml per rat) was then given once every 3days for 4weeks. 5-FU (75mg/kg, i.v.) was administered once three weeks from 7th to 22nd week. From 7th to 22nd week, telmisartan (5mg/kg, p.o.) was also administered along with 5-FU. RESULT MNNG produced significant decrease in food intake, body weight, caused hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension worsened hemodyanamics, increased cachexia markers and increased tumor markers like lactate dehydrogenase and γ-glutamyltransferase. MNNG also produced oxidative stress in the stomach tissue. Treatment with combination of telmisartan with 5-FU produced significant increase in food intake and body weight, controlled hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, preserved hemodynamic function, and decreased the cachexia markers while 5-FU alone did not produce any such effects. Further, the combination of telmisartan with 5-FU significantly reduced tumor marker levels, oxidative stress and also significantly decreased the cell proliferation, apoptosis, hyperkeratosis, keratohyaline granules and invasive carcinoma of forestomach and reduced muscle atrophy in tibilias anterior skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that combination of telmisartan with 5-FU treatment is beneficial in controlling cancer cachexia. Telmisartan can be used as an add-on therapy with 5-FU or other traditional chemotherapeutic agents.
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Chen Y, Du J, Zhao YT, Zhang L, Lv G, Zhuang S, Qin G, Zhao TC. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition improves myocardial function and prevents cardiac remodeling in diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:99. [PMID: 26245924 PMCID: PMC4527099 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence indicates that inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) protects the heart against myocardial injury and stimulates endogenous angiomyogenesis. However, it remains unknown whether HDAC inhibition produces the protective effect in the diabetic heart. We sought to determine whether HDAC inhibition preserves cardiac performance and suppresses cardiac remodeling in diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Adult ICR mice received an intraperitoneal injection of either streptozotocin (STZ, 200 mg/kg) to establish the diabetic model or vehicle to serve as control. Once hyperglycemia was confirmed, diabetic mice received sodium butyrate (1%), a specific HDAC inhibitor, in drinking water on a daily basis to inhibit HDAC activity. Mice were randomly divided into following groups, which includes Control, Control + Sodium butyrate (NaBu), STZ and STZ + Sodium butyrate (NaBu), respectively. Myocardial function was serially assessed at 7, 14, 21 weeks following treatments. RESULTS Echocardiography demonstrated that cardiac function was depressed in diabetic mice, but HDAC inhibition resulted in a significant functional improvement in STZ-injected mice. Likewise, HDAC inhibition attenuates cardiac hypertrophy, as evidenced by a reduced heart/tibia ratio and areas of cardiomyocytes, which is associated with reduced interstitial fibrosis and decreases in active caspase-3 and apoptotic stainings, but also increased angiogenesis in diabetic myocardium. Notably, glucose transporters (GLUT) 1 and 4 were up-regulated following HDAC inhibition, which was accompanied with increases of GLUT1 acetylation and p38 phosphorylation. Furthermore, myocardial superoxide dismutase, an important antioxidant, was elevated following HDAC inhibition in the diabetic mice. CONCLUSION HDAC inhibition plays a critical role in improving cardiac function and suppressing myocardial remodeling in diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfang Chen
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University, 50 Maude Street, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Du
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University, 50 Maude Street, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
| | - Yu Tina Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University, 50 Maude Street, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Guorong Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Boston University Medical School, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University, 50 Maude Street, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
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31
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Sárközy M, Szűcs G, Pipicz M, Zvara Á, Éder K, Fekete V, Szűcs C, Bárkányi J, Csonka C, Puskás LG, Kónya C, Ferdinandy P, Csont T. The effect of a preparation of minerals, vitamins and trace elements on the cardiac gene expression pattern in male diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:85. [PMID: 26126619 PMCID: PMC4499218 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic patients have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death in developed countries. Although multivitamin products are widely used as dietary supplements, the effects of these products have not been investigated in the diabetic heart yet. Therefore, here we investigated if a preparation of different minerals, vitamins, and trace elements (MVT) affects the cardiac gene expression pattern in experimental diabetes. Methods Two-day old male Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin (i.p. 100 mg/kg) or citrate buffer to induce diabetes. From weeks 4 to 12, rats were fed with a vehicle or a MVT preparation. Fasting blood glucose measurement and oral glucose tolerance test were performed at week 12, and then total RNA was isolated from the myocardium and assayed by rat oligonucleotide microarray for 41012 oligonucleotides. Results Significantly elevated fasting blood glucose concentration and impaired glucose tolerance were markedly improved by MVT-treatment in diabetic rats at week 12. Genes with significantly altered expression due to diabetes include functional clusters related to cardiac hypertrophy (e.g. caspase recruitment domain family, member 9; cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily B, polypeptide; FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 3), stress response (e.g. metallothionein 1a; metallothionein 2a; interleukin-6 receptor; heme oxygenase (decycling) 1; and glutathione S-transferase, theta 3), and hormones associated with insulin resistance (e.g. resistin; FK506 binding protein 5; galanin/GMAP prepropeptide). Moreover the expression of some other genes with no definite cardiac function was also changed such as e.g. similar to apolipoprotein L2; brain expressed X-linked 1; prostaglandin b2 synthase (brain). MVT-treatment in diabetic rats showed opposite gene expression changes in the cases of 19 genes associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy. In healthy hearts, MVT-treatment resulted in cardiac gene expression changes mostly related to immune response (e.g. complement factor B; complement component 4a; interferon regulatory factor 7; hepcidin). Conclusions MVT-treatment improved diagnostic markers of diabetes. This is the first demonstration that MVT-treatment significantly alters cardiac gene expression profile in both control and diabetic rats. Our results and further studies exploring the mechanistic role of individual genes may contribute to the prevention or diagnosis of cardiac complications in diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-015-0248-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Sárközy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gergő Szűcs
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Márton Pipicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Zvara
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Éder
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Veronika Fekete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | | | - Csaba Csonka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László G Puskás
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Kónya
- Béres Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary. .,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Csont
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Khanra R, Dewanjee S, K Dua T, Sahu R, Gangopadhyay M, De Feo V, Zia-Ul-Haq M. Abroma augusta L. (Malvaceae) leaf extract attenuates diabetes induced nephropathy and cardiomyopathy via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. J Transl Med 2015; 13:6. [PMID: 25591455 PMCID: PMC4301895 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abroma augusta L. (Malvaceae) leaf is traditionally used to treat diabetes in India and Southern Asia. Therefore, current study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of defatted methanol extract of A. augusta leaves (AA) against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated nephropathy and cardiomyopathy in experimental rats. METHODS Antidiabetic activity of AA extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) was measured in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic (T2D) rat. Fasting blood glucose level (at specific interval) and serum biochemical markers (after sacrifice) were measured. Redox status, transcription levels of signal proteins (NF-κB and PKCs), mitochondria dependent apoptotic pathway (Bad, Bcl-2, caspase cascade) and histological studies were performed in kidneys and hearts of controls and AA treated diabetic rats. RESULTS Phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of taraxerol, flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the AA. T2D rats showed significantly (p < 0.01) elevated fasting blood glucose level. Alteration in serum lipid profile and release of membrane bound enzymes like lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase, which ensured the participation of hyperlipidemia and cell membrane disintegration in diabetic pathophysiology. T2DM caused alteration in the serum biochemical markers related to diabetic complications. T2DM altered the redox status, decreased the intracellular NAD and ATP concentrations in renal and myocardial tissues of experimental rats. Investigating the molecular mechanism, activation PKC isoforms was observed in the selected tissues. T2D rats also exhibited an up-regulation of NF-κB and increase in the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in the renal and cardiac tissues. The activation of mitochondria dependent apoptotic pathway was observed in renal and myocardial tissues of the T2D rats. However, Oral administration of AA at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight per day could reduce hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, membrane disintegration, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation and prevented the activation of oxidative stress induced signaling cascades leading to cell death. Histological studies also supported the protective characteristics of AA. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that AA could offer prophylactic role against T2DM and its associated reno- and cardio- toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Khanra
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Tarun K Dua
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Ranabir Sahu
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | | | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, 84084, Italy.
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq
- Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
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Rayabarapu N, Patel BM. Beneficial role of tamoxifen in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:849-57. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ER-α and ER-β agonist 17β-estradiol is reported to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy. Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tamoxifen in myocardial infarction. For this, tamoxifen was administered to Sprague–Dawley rats for 1–14 days, and isoproterenol (ISO) (100 mg·(kg body mass)−1·day−1) was administered subcutaneously on the 13th and 14th days of the study in order to induce myocardial infarction, after which, various biochemical, cardiac, and morphometric parameters were evaluated. ISO produced significant dyslipidemia, hypertension, bradycardia, oxidative stress, and an increase in serum cardiac markers. Treatment with tamoxifen significantly controlled dyslipidemia, hypertension, bradycardia, oxidative stress, and reduced serum cardiac markers. The ISO control rats exhibited significant increases in the infarct size of the left ventricle (LV), LV cavity area, cardiac and LV hypertrophic indices, LV-wall thickness, cardiomyocyte diameter, and area. Treatment with tamoxifen significantly reduced infarction as well as hypertrophic and morphometric parameters. ISO also produced significant increases in the LV collagen level, decreases in Na+K+ATPase activity, and a reduction in the rate of pressure development and decay, which were prevented by tamoxifen treatment. The protective effect of tamoxifen on myocardial infarct was further confirmed by histopathological examination. Our data thus suggest that tamoxifen exerts beneficial effects in ISO-induced myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Rayabarapu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomika M. Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India
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