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Dawood HM, Kroeger A, Chavda V, Chapple ILC, Kebschull M. Under pressure-mechanisms and risk factors for orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod 2023; 45:612-626. [PMID: 37366151 PMCID: PMC10505745 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of orthodontic forces causes root resorption of variable severity with potentially severe clinical ramifications. OBJECTIVE To systematically review reports on the pathophysiological mechanisms of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and the associated risk factors based on in vitro, experimental, and in vivo studies. SEARCH METHODS We undertook an electronic search of four databases and a separate hand-search. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies reporting on the effect of orthodontic forces with/without the addition of potential risk factors on OIIRR, including (1) gene expression in in-vitro studies, the incidence root resorption in (2) animal studies, and (3) human studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Potential hits underwent a two-step selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and systematic appraisal performed by duplicate examiners. RESULTS One hundred and eighteen articles met the eligibility criteria. Studies varied considerably in methodology, reporting of results, and variable risk of bias judgements.In summary, the variable evidence identified supports the notion that the application of orthodontic forces leads to (1) characteristic alterations of molecular expression profiles in vitro, (2) an increased rate of OIIRR in animal models, as well as (3) in human studies. Importantly, the additional presence of risk factors such as malocclusion, previous trauma, and medications like corticosteroids increased the severity of OIIRR, whilst other factors decreased its severity, including oral contraceptives, baicalin, and high caffeine. CONCLUSIONS Based on the systematically reviewed evidence, OIIRR seems to be an inevitable consequence of the application of orthodontic forces-with different risk factors modifying its severity. Our review has identified several molecular mechanisms that can help explain this link between orthodontic forces and OIIRR. Nevertheless, it must be noted that the available eligible literature was in part significantly confounded by bias and was characterized by substantial methodological heterogeneity, suggesting that the results of this systematic review should be interpreted with caution. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42021243431).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Dawood
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Annika Kroeger
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vinay Chavda
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Iain L C Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Moritz Kebschull
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Strontium Ranelate Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB-Pathway-Dependent Autophagy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030365. [PMID: 36978756 PMCID: PMC10045081 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Strontium ranelate (SR) is a pharmaceutical agent used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and fragility fracture. However, little attention has been paid to the effect of SR on alveolar bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement and its underlying mechanism. Here, we investigated the influence of SR on orthodontic tooth movement and tooth resorption in Sprague–Dawley rats and the relationship between the nuclear factor–kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, autophagy, and osteoclastogenesis after the administration of SR in vitro and in vivo. In this study, it was found that SR reduced the expression of autophagy-related proteins at the pressure side of the first molars during orthodontic tooth movement. Similarly, the expression of these autophagy-related proteins and the size and number of autophagosomes were downregulated by SR in vitro. The results also showed that SR reduced the number of osteoclasts and suppressed orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats, which could be partially restored using rapamycin, an autophagy inducer. Autophagy was attenuated after pre-osteoclasts were treated with Bay 11-7082, an NF-κB pathway inhibitor, while SR reduced the expression of the proteins central to the NF-κB pathway. Collectively, this study revealed that SR might suppress osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB-pathway-dependent autophagy, resulting in the inhibition of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats, which might offer a new insight into the treatment of malocclusion and bone metabolic diseases.
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Li H, Li Y, Zou J, Yang Y, Han R, Zhang J. Sinomenine Inhibits Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Root Resorption in Rats and Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of PDLSCs. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2949-2965. [PMID: 36090955 PMCID: PMC9462521 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s379468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of sinomenine on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats, as well as the effect of sinomenine on the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Methods Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, 20 mg/kg sinomenine group and 40 mg/kg sinomenine group. Fifty-gram orthodontic force was applied to all groups. Each group was injected intraperitoneally with corresponding concentration of sinomenine every day. After 14 days, all rats were sacrificed. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan was used to analyze tooth movement, root resorption and alveolar bone changes. The effect on periodontal tissue was analyzed by Masson, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and immunohistochemical staining. In vitro, PDLSCs were extracted and identified. The effect of sinomenine on proliferation was determined by cell-counting kit-8. The effect of sinomenine on osteogenesis was investigated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red staining. qPCR and Western blotting were performed to explore the effects of sinomenine on the expression levels of ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Results The tooth movement and root resorption of sinomenine groups were reduced. Sinomenine decreased trabecular spacing on compression side and increased alveolar bone volume and trabecular thickness on tension side. TRAP-positive cells in sinomenine groups decreased significantly. The expressions of TNF-α and RANKL were decreased, while the expressions of OPG, RUNX2 and osteocalcin were up-regulated. In vitro, 0.1 M and 0.5 M sinomenine enhanced ALP activity, mineral deposition and the expression of ALP, RUNX2 and OPG, and reduced the expression of RANKL. Conclusion Sinomenine could inhibit tooth movement, reduce root resorption, and exert a positive effect on bone formation in rats. Moreover, sinomenine promoted the osteogenesis of PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Li
- Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilin Li
- Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Zou
- Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanran Yang
- Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Han
- Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jun Zhang, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 139 5310 9816, Email
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Three-dimensional imaging and molecular analysis of the effects of photobiomodulation and mechanical vibration on orthodontic retention treatment in rats : Effects of photobiomodulation and mechanical vibration on orthodontic retention treatment. J Orofac Orthop 2021; 83:24-41. [PMID: 34009424 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate and compare effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) and low-magnitude high-frequency mechanical vibration (HFMV) on orthodontic retention. METHODS Sixty-four female Wistar albino rats were divided into 9 groups (2 negative and positive controls each, 3 PBM and 2 HFMV groups) and studied for 25 days. In the experimental groups, closed nickel-titanium closed coil springs with a 50 cN force were placed for 10 days between the maxillary incisor and molar. PBM and HFMV were applied daily over long- (15 days) and short-term (7 days) retention periods. The PBM groups received PBM with a single wavelength (650 nm) or higher wavelengths (532, 650, 940 nm) for 9 min per day. HFMV groups received HFMV of 10, 20, and 30 Hz for 10 min per day. Right and left maxilla were assessed using micro-computed tomography imaging and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The amount of tooth movement during the retention period, expression levels of cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX-2), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) mRNA gene expression levels, OPG/RANKL ratios, alveolar bone trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), and structure model index were analyzed. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for multiple comparisons of the nonparametric distributed data and binary comparisons, respectively. RESULTS When using the long-term retention protocol, PBM and HFMV treatment increased Tb.N (p < 0.05) and decreased COX‑2 mRNA gene expression levels (p < 0.05) and Tb.Th (p < 0.05) compared to controls. For short-term retention, PBM and HFMV decreased the amount of relapse tooth movement compared to controls. In addition, Tb.Th (p < 0.05) and the mRNA gene expression levels of COX‑2 and RANKL (p < 0.05) were decreased. CONCLUSION PBM and HFMV might be able to support retention after orthodontic tooth movement by reducing bone resorption and increasing bone quality.
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Camcı H, Doruk C, Ünver Saraydın S. Effect of Strontium Ranelate on Condylar Growth during Mandibular Advancement in Rats. Turk J Orthod 2021; 33:216-223. [PMID: 33447464 DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2020.20014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Strontium ranelate (SR), unlike other anti-osteoporotic agents, might not only prevent bone resorption but also might induce bone formation. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of systemic SR on condylar growth during mandibular advancement (MA) in growing rats. Methods Fifty-six, 8-week-old Wistar male rats weighting 160-190 g were randomly divided into four groups; one control (n=14) and three experimental (n=14). Group 1: Control group, Group 2: SR (900mg/kg daily dose), Group 3: MA, Group 4: SR +MA. The amount and direction of mandibular growth were assessed by linear measurements on the computed tomography (CT) images taken on days 1, 15, and 30. For immunohistochemical evaluation, half of the subjects in the groups were sacrificed on the 15th day (early phase) and the rest of them on the 30th day (late phase). New cartilage and bone formation areas on the condyle were analyzed by using Sox9 and Osteopontin antibodies. Results Early and late CT images measurements showed no significant difference between the groups (p<0.05). However, there were significant differences between the control and experimental groups in the immunohistochemical assessment. Severe immunolocalization of SOX9 and Osteopontin was observed in Group 4, while the immunolocalization scores were moderate in Group 2 and Group 3. In addition, early histological findings were similar to late results in all groups. Conclusion In mandibular advancement therapy, Strontium ranelate could be therapeutically effective in avoiding relapse and reducing the duration of retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Camcı
- Department of Orthodontics, Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Cenk Doruk
- Department of Orthodontics, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Sperl G, Gattner J, Deschner J, Wolf M, Proff P, Schröder A, Kirschneck C. Effects of Histamine Receptor Antagonist Cetirizine on Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120583. [PMID: 33302395 PMCID: PMC7762581 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients regularly take histamine receptor antagonists, such as cetirizine, to prevent allergic reactions, but these antiallergic drugs may have inadvertent effects on orthodontic treatment. In previous studies, histamine has been shown to modulate the sterile inflammatory reaction underlying orthodontic tooth movement. Pertinent effects of histamine antagonization via cetirizine during orthodontic treatment, however, have not been adequately investigated. We thus treated male Fischer344 rats either with tap water (control group) or cetirizine by daily oral gavage corresponding to the clinically used human dosage adjusted to the rat metabolism (0.87 mg/kg) or to a previously published high dosage of cetirizine (3 mg/kg). Experimental anterior movement of the first upper left molar was induced by insertion of a nickel-titanium (NiTi) coil spring (0.25 N) between the molar and the upper incisors. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), micro-computed tomography (µCT) images, as well as histological hematoxylin-eosin (HE), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stainings were used to assess the extent of tooth movement, cranial growth, periodontal bone loss, root resorptions, and osteoclast activity in the periodontal ligament. Both investigated cetirizine dosages had no impact on the weight gain of the animals and, thus, animal welfare. Neither the extent of tooth movement, nor cranial growth, nor root resorption, nor periodontal bone loss were significantly influenced by the cetirizine dosages investigated. We, thus, conclude that histamine receptor antagonist cetirizine can be used during orthodontic treatment to prevent allergic reactions without clinically relevant side effects on orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Sperl
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.S.); (J.G.); (P.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Johanna Gattner
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.S.); (J.G.); (P.P.); (A.S.)
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.S.); (J.G.); (P.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.S.); (J.G.); (P.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.S.); (J.G.); (P.P.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-944-6093
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Makrygiannakis MA, Kaklamanos EG, Athanasiou AE. Effects of systemic medication on root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review of animal studies. Eur J Orthod 2020; 41:346-359. [PMID: 29992228 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theoretically, root resorption could be modulated by any medication taken that exhibits possible effects on the implicated molecular pathways. OBJECTIVES To systematically investigate and appraise the quality of the available evidence from animal studies, regarding the effect of commonly prescribed systemic medication on root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement. SEARCH METHODS Search without restrictions in eight databases (PubMed, Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Arab World Research Source, ClinicalTrials.gov, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) and hand searching until April 2018 took place. One author developed detailed search strategies for each database that were based on the PubMed strategy and adapted accordingly. SELECTION CRITERIA Controlled studies investigating the effect of systemic medications on root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Following study retrieval and selection, relevant data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE's Risk of Bias Tool. RESULTS Twenty-one studies were finally identified, most of which at unclear risk of bias. Root resorption was shown to increase in Vitamin C treated animals in comparison with the control group, whereas a comparative decrease was noted after the administration of the alendronate, ibuprofen, growth hormone, low doses of meloxicam, simvastatin, lithium chloride and strontium ranelate. No difference was noted for acetaminophen, aspirin, fluoxetine, atorvastatin, misoprostol, zoledronic acid and zinc. Finally, inconsistent effects were observed after the administration of celecoxib, prednisolone and L-thyroxine. The quality of the available evidence was considered at best as low. CONCLUSIONS The pharmaceutical substances investigated were shown to exhibit variable effects on root resorption. Although the overall quality of evidence provides the clinician with a cautious perspective on the strength of the relevant recommendations, good practice would suggest that it is important to identify patients consuming medications and consider the possible implications. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42017078208).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miltiadis A Makrygiannakis
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eleftherios G Kaklamanos
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Athanasios E Athanasiou
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Abdollahi Boraei SB, Nourmohammadi J, Bakhshandeh B, Dehghan MM, Gholami H, Calle Hernández D, Gonzalez Z, Ferrari B. Enhanced osteogenesis of gelatin-halloysite nanocomposite scaffold mediated by loading strontium ranelate. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1725754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jhamak Nourmohammadi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Gholami
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniel Calle Hernández
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
- National Center for Cardiovascular Research Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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Jiang L, Ding Z, Xia S, Liu Y, Lei S, Zhong M, Chen X. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid scaffold loaded with plasmid DNA encoding fibroblast growth factor-2 promotes periodontal ligament regeneration of replanted teeth. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:488-495. [PMID: 31960451 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) loaded with plasmid DNA encoding fibroblast growth factor-2 (pFGF-2) on human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in vitro and evaluated the ability of the PLGA/pFGF-2 scaffold to promote periodontal ligament (PDL) regeneration in a beagle dog teeth avulsion animal model. BACKGROUND Growth factor and scaffold play important roles in PDL regeneration. PLGA is a kind of biodegradable and biocompatible polymer that can be used as a carrier to deliver growth factors or genes. FGF-2 can induce potent proliferative responses, promote cell migration and regulate the production of extracellular matrix. Therefore, a gene-activated matrix composed of scaffold and genes is supposed to be a superior approach for promoting tissue regeneration. METHODS In this study, PLGA and PLGA/pFGF-2 scaffolds were fabricated using electrospinning. The characterization of scaffolds was shown by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). dsDNA HS was used to test the plasmid release of PLGA/pFGF-2 scaffold. The viability and proliferation of hPDLCs on the two kinds of scaffolds were evaluated by the CCK-8 assay, and the expression of collagen I and scleraxis were analysed by RT-qPCR. The roots of avulsed teeth were covered by the two types of scaffolds and replanted into the alveolar pockets in beagles. Haematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining were used to evaluate the effects of PLGA/pFGF-2 scaffold on promoting PDL regeneration. RESULTS The smooth and uniform fibres can be observed in both scaffolds, and the plasmids were randomly distributed in the PLGA/pFGF-2 scaffold. dsDNA HS analysis demonstrated that the PLGA/pFGF-2 scaffold released up to 123 ng pFGF-2 over 21 days in a sustained manner without any obvious burst release. The PLGA/pFGF-2 scaffold promoted the proliferation of hPDLCs and increased the expression levels of collagen I and scleraxis compared with PLGA scaffold. Animal experiments showed that more regular PDL-like tissues and less root surface resorption occurred in the PLGA/pFGF-2 scaffold group compared with the PLGA scaffold group. CONCLUSIONS The PLGA/pFGF-2 scaffold promoted hPDLCs proliferation and facilitated periodontal ligament-related differentiation. The PLGA/pFGF-2 scaffold possesses excellent biological characteristics and could be used as a promising biomaterial for improving the treatment prognosis of replanted tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Jiang
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenjiang Ding
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shang Xia
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Lei
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Yang F, Wang XX, Ma D, Cui Q, Zheng DH, Liu XC, Zhang J. Effects Of Triptolide On Tooth Movement And Root Resorption In Rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3963-3975. [PMID: 31819370 PMCID: PMC6883940 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s217936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of triptolide on the tooth movement and root resorption in rats during orthodontic treatment. Material and methods A total of 48 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 16 each. The right maxillary first molars of rats were drawn mesially by closed coil nickel-titanium spring with a force of 50 g. The two experimental groups received intraperitoneal injections of triptolide for 14 days at a dose of 15 µg/kg/day and 30 µg/kg/day, respectively. The control group received vehicle injections. After 14 days, the rats were humanely killed. The amount of tooth movement was measured. Eight rats from each group were randomly chosen for analysis of the percentage of root resorption area by scanning electron microscopy. For the remaining eight rats in each group, the H&E staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed. Results The amount of tooth movement and the ratio of root resorption area were significantly decreased in the triptolide-treated rats. The number of TRAP-positive cells was significantly lower in triptolide-treated groups. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) was reduced. In contrast, the expression of osteoprotegerin was significantly up-regulated. In the tension side, the expressions of runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin were significantly enhanced by triptolide injection. Conclusion Triptolide injection could arrest orthodontic tooth movement and reduce root resorption in rats via inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. In addition, triptolide may exert a positive effect on osteoblastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Xia Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - De Hua Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Can Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Marins LM, Napimoga MH, Malta FDS, Miranda TS, Nani EP, Franco BDST, da Silva HDP, Duarte PM. Effects of strontium ranelate on ligature-induced periodontitis in estrogen-deficient and estrogen-sufficient rats. J Periodontal Res 2019; 55:141-151. [PMID: 31539178 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Strontium ranelate is a medication indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis that presents concomitant anti-resorptive and osteoanabolic dual biological activity. However, the effects of strontium ranelate on alveolar bone have been poorly explored. Furthermore, to date, there are no data on the effects of this medication on alveolar bone loss (BL) during conditions of estrogen deficiency. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of strontium ranelate on ligature-induced periodontitis in estrogen-deficient and estrogen-sufficient rats. METHODS Ninety-six rats were assigned to one of the following groups: sham-surgery + water (estrogen-sufficient; n = 24); ovariectomy + water (estrogen-deficient; n = 24), sham-surgery + strontium ranelate (ranelate/estrogen-sufficient; n = 24) and; ovariectomy + strontium ranelate (ranelate/estrogen-deficient; n = 24). The rats received strontium ranelate or water from the 14th day after ovariectomy until the end of the experiment. On the 21st day after ovariectomy, one first mandibular molar received a ligature, while the contralateral tooth was left unligated. Eight rats per group were killed at 10, 20, and 30 days after ligature placement. Bone loss (BL) and trabecular bone area (TBA) were analyzed in the furcation area of ligated and unligated teeth at all experimental times by histometry. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells and immunohistochemical staining for osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of NF-КB ligand (RANKL) were assessed in the ligated teeth at 30 days after ligature placement. RESULTS At 10 and 30 days, ligated teeth of the estrogen-deficient group exhibited higher BL, when compared to all other groups (P < .05). At 10 days, TBAs were higher in the unligated teeth of strontium ranelate-treated groups, when compared to those of untreated groups (P < .05). At 30 days, the ligated teeth of the estrogen-deficient group exhibited lower TBA than the other groups (P < .05). There were no differences among groups regarding the number of TRAP-stained cells (P < .05). The strontium ranelate-treated groups exhibited lower expressions of OCN and RANKL than the untreated groups (P < .05). The estrogen-sufficient group presented higher staining for OPG than both treated and untreated estrogen-deficient groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Strontium ranelate prevented ligature-induced BL in an estrogen-deficiency condition and, to a certain extent, increased TBA in the presence and absence of periodontal collapse in states of estrogen deficiency and estrogen sufficiency. Furthermore, strontium ranelate also affected the expression of bone markers, appearing to have acted predominantly as an anti-resorptive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Macedo Marins
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Napimoga
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto São Leopoldo Mandic, Área de Imunologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Souza Malta
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Parra Nani
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto São Leopoldo Mandic, Área de Imunologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Poliana Mendes Duarte
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.,Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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AlSwafeeri H, ElKenany W, Mowafy M, Karam S. Effect of local administration of simvastatin on orthodontic tooth movement in rabbits. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019; 156:75-86. [PMID: 31256844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maintaining tooth anchorage during orthodontic treatment has challenged orthodontists and threatening the success of some orthodontic therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of local administration of simvastatin on orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS Nickel-titanium coil springs were used to induce orthodontic tooth movement in 10 white New Zealand rabbits for 21 days. A split-mouth design was implemented where one mandibular quadrant received local administration of simvastatin and the corresponding mandibular quadrant received control vehicle solution on a weekly basis. Magnitudes of tooth movement were measured on 3-dimensional models of the experimental teeth. Animals were killed at the end of the experimental period to allow histomorphometric analysis of alveolar bone modeling. RESULTS The total magnitude of tooth movement in the quadrant receiving simvastatin was significantly less than that in the quadrant receiving control vehicle solution. Local administration of simvastatin resulted in a significant percentage of inhibition of tooth movement of 39.8 ± 22.6%. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a significant reduction in the numbers of osteoclasts and areas of active bone-resorptive lacunae hindering bone resorption processes in the quadrant receiving simvastatin. CONCLUSIONS Local administration of simvastatin can reduce the rate and magnitude of orthodontic tooth movement. Moreover, local administration of simvastatin diminishes bone resorption processes associated with orthodontic tooth movement reducing the number of osteoclasts and the subsequent area of active bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani AlSwafeeri
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Walid ElKenany
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mowafy
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sahar Karam
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Abstract
As any pharmaceutical substance may influence the events associated with orthodontic tooth movement, it is of importance for the clinician to be able to recognize any prospective patient's history and patterns of medicinal consumption. This review presents the effects of various commonly prescribed medications on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. The article concludes that it remains, to a degree, unclear which types of medication may have a clinically significant effect in everyday clinical scenarios. However, since both prescription and over-the-counter medication use have recently increased significantly among all age groups, good practice suggests that it is important to identify patients consuming medications and consider the possible implications in orthodontic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleftherios G Kaklamanos
- 2 Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Effects of the Highly COX-2-Selective Analgesic NSAID Etoricoxib on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts during Compressive Orthodontic Mechanical Strain. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:2514956. [PMID: 30983880 PMCID: PMC6431464 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2514956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts play a major role during periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement, mediating periodontal inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, and collagen synthesis. The highly COX-2-selective NSAID etoricoxib has a favorable systemic side effect profile and high analgesic efficacy, particularly for orthodontic pain. In this in vitro study, we investigated possible side effects of two clinically relevant etoricoxib concentrations on the expression pattern of mechanically strained hPDL fibroblasts and associated osteoclastogenesis in a model of simulated orthodontic compressive strain occurring during orthodontic tooth movement. hPDL fibroblasts were incubated for 72 h under physiological conditions with etoricoxib at 0 μM, 3.29 μM, and 5.49 μM, corresponding to clinically normal and subtoxic dosages, with and without mechanical strain by compression (2 g/cm2) for the final 48 h, simulating conditions during orthodontic tooth movement in compressive areas of the periodontal ligament. We then determined gene and/or protein expression of COX-2, IL-6, PG-E2, RANK-L, OPG, ALPL, VEGF-A, P4HA1, COL1A2, and FN1 via RT-qPCR, ELISA, and Western blot analyses as well as apoptosis, necrosis, cell viability, and cytotoxicity via FACS, MTT, and LDH assays. In addition, hPDL fibroblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis was assessed by TRAP staining in coculture with RAW267.4 cells for another 72 h. Gene and protein expression of all evaluated factors was significantly induced by the mechanical compressive strain applied. Etoricoxib at 3.29 μM and 5.49 μM significantly inhibited PG-E2 synthesis, but not COX-2 and IL-6 gene expression nor RANK-L-/OPG-mediated osteoclastogenesis or angiogenesis (VEGF-A). Extracellular matrix remodeling (COL1A2, FN1) and bone anabolism (ALPL), by contrast, were significantly stimulated particularly at 5.49 μM. In general, no adverse etoricoxib effects on hPDL fibroblasts regarding apoptosis, necrosis, cell viability, or cytotoxicity were detected. Clinically dosed etoricoxib, that is, a highly selective COX-2 inhibition, did not have substantial effects on hPDL fibroblast-mediated periodontal inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, RANK-L/OPG expression, and osteoclastogenesis during simulated orthodontic compressive strain.
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Makrygiannakis MA, Kaklamanos EG, Athanasiou AE. Does common prescription medication affect the rate of orthodontic tooth movement? A systematic review. Eur J Orthod 2019. [PMID: 29522172 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background As the taking of any medication may theoretically affect the complex pathways responsible for periodontal tissue homeostasis and the events leading to orthodontic tooth movement, it is considered important for the orthodontist to be able to identify prospective patients' history and patterns of pharmaceutical consumption. Objective To systematically investigate and appraise the quality of the available evidence regarding the effect of commonly prescribed medications on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Search methods Search without restrictions in eight databases and hand searching until June 2017. Selection criteria Controlled studies investigating the effect of commonly prescribed medications with emphasis on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Data collection and analysis Following study retrieval and selection, relevant data was extracted and the risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE's Risk of Bias Tool. Results Twenty-seven animal studies, involving various pharmacologic and orthodontic interventions, were finally identified. Most studies were assessed to be at unclear or high risk of bias. The rate of orthodontic tooth movement was shown to increase after the administration of diazepam, Vitamin C and pantoprazole, while simvastatin, atorvastatin, calcium compounds, strontium ranelate, propranolol, losartan, famotidine, cetirizine, and metformin decreased the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. No interference with the rate of orthodontic tooth movement was reported for phenytoin, phenobarbital and zinc compounds, whereas, inconsistent or conflicting effects were noted after the administration of L-thyroxine, lithium compounds, fluoxetine and insulin. The quality of the available evidence was considered at best as low. Conclusions Commonly prescribed medications may exhibit variable effects on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Although the quality of evidence was considered at best as low, raising reservations about the strength of the relevant recommendations, the clinician should be capable of identifying patients taking medications and should take into consideration the possible implications related to the proposed treatment. Registration PROSPERO (CRD42015029130).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miltiadis A Makrygiannakis
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eleftherios G Kaklamanos
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Athanasios E Athanasiou
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Effects of the highly COX-2-selective analgesic NSAID etoricoxib on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and cranial growth. Ann Anat 2018; 220:21-28. [PMID: 30048759 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NSAID analgesics have found widespread use in the treatment of pain, inflammation and fever. The highly COX-2-selective NSAID etoricoxib has shown a favorable side effect profile and excellent analgesic efficacy, particularly for dental and orthodontic pain, surpassing the current standard analgesic in orthodontics, acetaminophen. However, potential side effects on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and cranial growth, relevant for clinical usability during orthodontic treatment, have not yet been investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS 40 male Fischer344 rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=10) - controls receiving only 1.5ml tap water per day by oral gavage for a total of 5 weeks (1) as well as rats receiving an additional daily normal etoricoxib dosage of 7.8mg/kg for 3d (2) and 7d/week (3) and a high dosage of 13.1mg/kg for 7d/week (4) with serum bioavailability assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. After one week of premedication, the first upper left molars (M1) were moved orthodontically in anterior direction for 4 weeks using a closed NiTi coil spring (0.25N) and OTM as well as sagittal cranial growth were quantified cephalometrically by CBCT imaging at the start and end of OTM. RESULTS OTM, quantified as anterior metric tipping of M1, was significantly inhibited by about 33% only in rats receiving high-dose etoricoxib 7d/week (p=0.046) with a respective, but insignificant tendency also detectable for the normal dosages, whereas sagittal cranial growth was by tendency slightly increased with rising etoricoxib dosages, reflected by corresponding steady-state serum concentrations, confirming etoricoxib bioavailability. CONCLUSIONS An etoricoxib-induced clinically relevant deceleration of OTM is not to be expected at dosage regimens used in clinical practice to treat dental or orthodontic pain in contrast to a continuously administered high dosage. Due to its favorable side effect profile and higher analgesic efficiency regarding dental and orthodontic pain, etoricoxib should be a clinically valid alternative to the current standard orthodontic analgesic acetaminophen with its associated higher risk profile.
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Expression kinetics of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in the early phases of orthodontic tooth movement. J Orofac Orthop 2018; 79:337-351. [PMID: 30019109 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-018-0145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human periodontal ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts play a crucial mediating role in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). In this study, we investigated the expression kinetics of genes associated with OTM in its early phase to obtain better insight into the timing and regulation of molecular and cellular signalling and transformation processes occurring in compressive areas of the periodontal ligament during OTM. METHODS Adherent hPDL fibroblasts were stimulated with physiological orthodontic compressive forces of 2 g/cm2 for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h under cell culture conditions. At each time point, we quantified relative gene expression of genes involved in bone remodelling (ALPL), inflammation (COX2, IL-6), extracellular matrix reorganization (COL1A2, P4HA1, FN1, MMP8) and angiogenesis (VEGF-A) by means of RT-qPCR as well as protein expression of osteoclastogenesis-regulating RANK-L and OPG relative to pressure-untreated controls incubated for corresponding time periods. In addition, coculture experiments with osteoclast precursor cells were performed to determine the extent of hPDL-fibroblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis (TRAP staining). RESULTS As primary response to compressive forces within 24 h, we observed an induction of genes associated with angiogenesis, inflammation, osteoblastogenesis, and the remodelling of the extracellular matrix, with RANK-L expression at first slightly inhibited and only increased after 48 h. Major hPDL-mediated osteoclastogenesis was observed after 72 h with minor, non-RANK-L-dependent osteoclastogenesis occurring as early as 24 h after compressive force application. CONCLUSIONS hPDL fibroblasts seem to play a major mediating role in the early phase of OTM with a differentiated, time-dependent regulation and expression pattern of cytokines and other mediators.
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Kirschneck C, Maurer M, Wolf M, Reicheneder C, Proff P. Regular nicotine intake increased tooth movement velocity, osteoclastogenesis and orthodontically induced dental root resorptions in a rat model. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 9:174-184. [PMID: 28960194 PMCID: PMC5709548 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2017.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic forces have been reported to significantly increase nicotine-induced periodontal bone loss. At present, however, it is unknown, which further (side) effects can be expected during orthodontic treatment at a nicotine exposure corresponding to that of an average European smoker. 63 male Fischer344 rats were randomized in three consecutive experiments of 21 animals each (A/B/C) to 3 experimental groups (7 rats, 1/2/3): (A) cone-beam-computed tomography (CBCT); (B) histology/serology; (C) reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)/cotinine serology—(1) control; (2) orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) of the first and second upper left molar (NiTi closed coil spring, 0.25 N); (3) OTM with 1.89 mg·kg−1 per day s.c. of L(−)-nicotine. After 14 days of OTM, serum cotinine and IL-6 concentration as well as orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR), osteoclast activity (histology), orthodontic tooth movement velocity (CBCT, within 14 and 28 days of OTM) and relative gene expression of known inflammatory and osteoclast markers were quantified in the dental-periodontal tissue (RT–qPCR). Animals exposed to nicotine showed significantly heightened serum cotinine and IL-6 levels corresponding to those of regular European smokers. Both the extent of root resorption, osteoclast activity, orthodontic tooth movement and gene expression of inflammatory and osteoclast markers were significantly increased compared to controls with and without OTM under the influence of nicotine. We conclude that apart from increased periodontal bone loss, a progression of dental root resorption and accelerated orthodontic tooth movement are to be anticipated during orthodontic therapy, if nicotine consumption is present. Thus patients should be informed about these risks and the necessity of nicotine abstinence during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Maurer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Reicheneder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Hu Q, Zhou J, Xu X, Dai H. Effect of EMD on the orthodontically induced root resorption repair process in rats. J Orofac Orthop 2018; 79:83-95. [PMID: 29396597 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-017-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While different levels of root resorption may occur in orthodontic treatment, several preventive approaches have been reported. Nevertheless, little is known about the effect of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on root repair during orthodontic tooth movement. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of EMD on root resorption repair following the application of orthodontic force. MATERIALS AND METHODS A force of 100 g was exerted for 14 days on the left maxillary first molars of twenty 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats divided into the EMD and control groups (n = 10 per group). In the EMD group, repeatedly injection of Emdogain® was administered after the appliance was removed, while phosphate-buffered saline was administered in the control group. In vivo microcomputed tomography (CT), haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and immunohistochemistry were then used to evaluate the effect of EMD on the process of root repair. RESULTS In the EMD group, the observed decrease in root resorption crater volume and increase in both the bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness were significantly greater than those in the control group. H&E staining showed that the periodontal fibres were relatively regular in arrangement and that the surface of the cementum was smooth in the EMD group. Immunohistochemical analysis showed higher bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) expression levels in the EMD group than in the control group. In addition, the osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression levels were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION EMD enhanced the repair process following orthodontically induced root resorption in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongwei Dai
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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Delayed replantation of an avulsed immature permanent incisor and apexification using a novel fast-setting calcium silicate cement containing fluoride: a 3-year follow-up case report. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2018; 19:113-116. [PMID: 29330841 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-017-0324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic tooth avulsion requires an urgent intervention to replant the tooth. Prolonged post-injury dry extra-oral conditions worsen the prognosis and increase the risk of root resorption. Fluoride has the potential to delay replacement resorption. Calcium silicate cements (CSC) are used to seal the root canal system and to stimulate periapical regeneration in immature open apex teeth (apexification). This report suggests the application of a novel fast-setting CSC with fluoride for apexification in an attempt to hinder root resorption. CASE REPORT A delayed replantation of an avulsed open apex permanent central incisor after 75 h of storage in a dry condition in a 6-year-old girl. Standard treatment guidelines for avulsed immature permanent teeth were followed. After tooth replantation a novel fast-setting, CSC containing fluoride was used for apexification. FOLLOW-UP The radiographic and clinical evaluations over a period of 3 years demonstrated periodontal bone healing without root resorption, mobility, and ankylosis and an acceptable periapical tissue tolerance to the novel CSC. However, a longer follow-up period is needed. CONCLUSIONS Delayed replantation of the avulsed open apex permanent incisor after 75 h of storage under dry conditions and apexification with a novel fast-setting CSC showed a successful outcome after 3 years. Novel CSC with fluoride demonstrated an acceptable biocompatibility and tissue tolerance.
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Guan L, Lin S, Yan W, Chen L, Wang X. Effects of calcitonin on orthodontic tooth movement and associated root resorption in rats. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:595-602. [PMID: 28814141 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1365375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our main aim was to evaluate the effects of calcitonin (CT) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and orthodontic root resorption in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Rats in the negative control group were not given any appliances or injections. All the remaining rats were used to establish a model of OTM. The positive control group were then injected with normal saline, while rats in the three experimental groups were injected with 0.2 IU, 1 IU or 5 IU/kg/day CT. Nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were used to deliver an initial 50 g mesial force to the left maxillary first molar for 14 days in rats in the positive control group and the experimental groups. Each group was randomly subdivided into two groups, one for analysis of tooth movement, tissue changes and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in alveolar bone, the other to examine root resorption by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The OTM distance, the number of force-induced osteoclasts and root resorption areas were significantly decreased in CT-injected rats in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Administration of CT reduces the root resorption area and may therefore be effective as a novel adjunctive orthodontic approach to diminish undesired tooth movement via enhancing anchorage or preventing relapse after OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guan
- Department of Orthodontics, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Suai Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
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Pilmane M, Salma-Ancane K, Loca D, Locs J, Berzina-Cimdina L. Strontium and strontium ranelate: Historical review of some of their functions. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:1222-1230. [PMID: 28575961 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The review covers historical and last decade's scientific literature on the biological and clinical role of strontium (Sr) and strontium ranelate (Sr RAN). It enrols the description of the main effects of Sr on supportive tissue, its proven and possible morphopathogenetical mechanisms and the interaction with the bone, and especially focuses on the Sr ability to inhibit osteoclasts and affect the programmed cell death. The main experimental and clinical experience regarding the Sr RAN influence in the treatment of osteoporosis and the search for correct doses is also highlighted. The review gives insight into the role of Sr/Sr RAN on stem cells, apoptosis, animal and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilmane
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str., Riga LV 1007, Latvia
| | - K Salma-Ancane
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3 Pulka Str., Riga LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - D Loca
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3 Pulka Str., Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - J Locs
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3 Pulka Str., Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - L Berzina-Cimdina
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3 Pulka Str., Riga LV-1007, Latvia
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Dolci GS, Portela LV, Onofre de Souza D, Medeiros Fossati AC. Atorvastatin-induced osteoclast inhibition reduces orthodontic relapse. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:528-538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Kirschneck C, Meier M, Bauer K, Proff P, Fanghänel J. Meloxicam medication reduces orthodontically induced dental root resorption and tooth movement velocity: a combined in vivo and in vitro study of dental-periodontal cells and tissue. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:61-78. [PMID: 28044198 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are used to alleviate pain sensations during orthodontic therapy but are also assumed to interfere with associated pseudo-inflammatory reactions. In particular, the effects of partially selective COX-2 inhibition over the constitutively expressed COX-1 (11:1) on periodontal cells and tissue, as induced by the NSAID meloxicam, remain unclear. We investigate possible adverse side-effects and potentially useful beneficial effects during orthodontic therapy and examine underlying cellular and tissue reactions. We randomly assigned 63 male Fischer344 rats to three consecutive experiments of 21 animals each (cone-beam computed tomography; histology/serology; reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) in three experimental groups (n = 7; control; orthodontic tooth movement [OTM] of the first/second upper left molars [NiTi coil spring, 0.25 N]; OTM with a daily oral meloxicam dose of 3 mg/kg). In vitro, we stimulated human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDL) with orthodontic pressure (2 g/cm2) with/without meloxicam (10 μM). In vivo, meloxicam significantly reduced serum C-reactive protein concentration, tooth movement velocity, orthodontically induced dentine root resorption (OIRR), osteoclast activity and the relative expression of inflammatory/osteoclast marker genes within the dental-periodontal tissue, while presenting good gastric tolerance. In vitro, we observed a corresponding significant decrease of prostaglandin E2/interleukin-6/RANKL(-OPG) expression and of hPDL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. By inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, meloxicam seems to downregulate hPDL-mediated inflammation, RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and, consequently, tooth movement velocity by about 50%, thus limiting its suitability for analgesia during orthodontic therapy. However, its protective effects regarding OIRR and good tolerance profile suggest future prophylactic application, which merits its further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Meier
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Bauer
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Fanghänel
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Anatomical Institute, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
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Kirschneck C, Proff P, Maurer M, Reicheneder C, Römer P. Orthodontic forces add to nicotine-induced loss of periodontal bone : An in vivo and in vitro study. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 76:195-212. [PMID: 25929709 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-015-0283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nicotine is considered an etiologic factor for chronic inflammatory phenomena within the periodontal ligament that may result in loss of periodontal attachment. Considering that smokers account for 26% of adult and 12% of adolescent patients in orthodontic practice, we performed in vivo and in vitro studies as to whether orthodontic forces may add to the nicotine-induced loss of periodontal bone. METHODS Fourteen male rats (Fischer 344 inbred) were used. Seven of these served as controls, while the other seven received daily subcutaneous injections of 1.89 mg L-nicotine per kg body weight. Both groups were exposed to orthodontic mesialization of the first two upper left molars using a NiTi closed-coil spring, the contralateral side serving as control. Periodontal bone loss was assessed by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Human periodontal fibroblasts were stressed by compression (2 g/cm(2)) and/or nicotine (3/5/7.5 µmol), and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) was determined at the transcriptional level by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and at the translational level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, differentiation of co-cultured murine RAW264.7 cells to osteoclast-like cells was quantified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. RESULTS Orthodontic force application in vivo led to a significant increase in nicotine-induced periodontal bone loss, and cell compression in vitro to increased COX-2, PGE2, IL-6, and RANKL expression, reduced OPG expression, and enhanced differentiation of RAW264.7 cells to osteoclast-like cells compared to nicotine alone. CONCLUSION Additional loss of periodontal bone must be expected during orthodontic treatment of smokers. Clinicians should inform their patients of this increased risk and refrain from performing tooth movements before cessation of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany,
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Kirschneck C, Fanghänel J, Wahlmann U, Wolf M, Roldán JC, Proff P. Interactive effects of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement on dental root resorption, tooth movement velocity and alveolar bone loss in a rat model. Ann Anat 2016; 210:32-43. [PMID: 27838559 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many adult orthodontic patients suffer from chronic periodontitis with recurrent episodes of active periodontal inflammation. As their number is steadily increasing, orthodontists are more and more frequently challenged by respective treatment considerations. However, little is currently known regarding interactive effects on undesired dental root resorption (DRR), tooth movement velocity, periodontal bone loss and the underlying cellular and tissue reactions. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 63 male Fischer344 rats were used in three consecutive experiments employing 21 animals each (A/B/C), randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups (n=7, 1/2/3), respectively: (A) CBCT; (B) histology/serology; (C) RT-qPCR-(1) control; (2) orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) of the first/second upper left molars (NiTi coil spring, 0.25N); (3) OTM with experimentally induced periodontitis (cervical silk ligature). After 14days of OTM, we quantified blood leukocyte level, DRR, osteoclast activity and relative gene expression of inflammatory and osteoclast marker genes within the dental-periodontal tissue as well as tooth movement velocity and periodontal bone loss after 14 and 28 days. RESULTS The experimentally induced periodontal bone loss was significantly increased by concurrent orthodontic force application. Periodontal inflammation during OTM on the other hand significantly augmented the extent of DRR, relative expression of inflammatory/osteoclast marker genes, blood leukocyte level and periodontal osteoclast activity. In addition, contrary to previous studies, we observed a significant increase in tooth movement velocity. CONCLUSIONS Although accelerated tooth movement would be favourable for orthodontic treatment, our results suggest that orthodontic interventions should only be performed after successful systematic periodontal therapy and paused in case of recurrent active inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jochen Fanghänel
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Wahlmann
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, D-53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | - J Camilo Roldán
- Director of the Division of Pediatric Facial Plastic Surgery and Craniofacial Anomalies, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Liliencronstraße 130, D-22149 Hamburg, Germany; Lecturer at the Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Karakan NC, Akpınar A, Göze F, Poyraz Ö. Investigating the Effects of Systemically Administered Strontium Ranelate on Alveolar Bone Loss Histomorphometrically and Histopathologically on Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. J Periodontol 2016; 88:e24-e31. [PMID: 27615270 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate effects of strontium ranelate (SR) on alveolar bone loss (ABL) in rats with experimental periodontitis. METHODS Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: 1) control (n = 8); 2) ligated (n = 8); 3) 300 mg/kg SR (SR300, n = 8); 4) 625 mg/kg SR (SR625, n = 8); and 5) 900 mg/kg SR (SR900, n = 8). To create experimental periodontitis, 4/0 silk ligatures were inserted submarginally around first molars at the right mandible. After 11 days, rats were sacrificed. ABL was calculated by measuring cemento-enamel junction and alveolar crest distance. Interleukin (IL)-1β, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) serum levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histopathologic analysis was used to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration, numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) activity. RESULTS ABL was significantly lower in SR900 group than in the ligated group (P <0.05). Osteoclast numbers in ligated group were significantly higher than in the control, SR300, and SR900 groups (P <0.05). In ligated, SR625, and SR900 groups, significantly higher osteoblast numbers were detected than in control group (P <0.05). Osteoblast numbers in SR625 group were significantly higher than in the SR300 group (P <0.05). RANKL activities in SR900 and control groups were close to each other (P >0.05). Serum IL-1β, OPG, and BALP levels revealed no significant difference (P >0.05). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that SR can reduce RANKL activity and osteoclast numbers, as well as ABL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebi Cansın Karakan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Aysun Akpınar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Göze
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University
| | - Ömer Poyraz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University
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Xia L, Yin Z, Mao L, Wang X, Liu J, Jiang X, Zhang Z, Lin K, Chang J, Fang B. Akermanite bioceramics promote osteogenesis, angiogenesis and suppress osteoclastogenesis for osteoporotic bone regeneration. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22005. [PMID: 26911441 PMCID: PMC4766478 DOI: 10.1038/srep22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a big challenge for bone healing under osteoporotic pathological condition with impaired angiogenesis, osteogenesis and remodeling. In the present study, the effect of Ca, Mg, Si containing akermanite bioceramics (Ca2MgSi2O7) extract on cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic factor expression of BMSCs derived from ovariectomized rats (BMSCs-OVX) as well as the expression of osteoclastogenic factors was evaluated. The results showed that akermanite could enhance cell proliferation, ALP activity, expression of Runx2, BMP-2, BSP, OPN, OCN, OPG and angiogenic factors including VEGF and ANG-1. Meanwhile, akermanite could repress expression of osteoclastogenic factors including RANKL and TNF-α. Moreover, akermanite could activate ERK, P38, AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways, while crosstalk among these signaling pathways was evident. More importantly, the effect of akermanite extract on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis was evaluated by TRAP staining and real-time PCR assay. The results showed that akermanite could suppress osteoclast formation and expression of TRAP, cathepsin K and NFATc1. The in vivo experiments revealed that akermanite bioceramics dramatically stimulated osteogenesis and angiogenesis in an OVX rat critical-sized calvarial defect model. All these results suggest that akermanite bioceramics with the effects of Mg and Si ions on osteogenesis, angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis are promising biomaterials for osteoporotic bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunguo Xia
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhilan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lixia Mao
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Oral Bioengineering and regenerative medicine Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.,School &Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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Reference genes for valid gene expression studies on rat dental, periodontal and alveolar bone tissue by means of RT-qPCR with a focus on orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis. Ann Anat 2015; 204:93-105. [PMID: 26689124 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To obtain valid results in relative gene/mRNA-expression analyses by RT-qPCR, a careful selection of stable reference genes is required for normalization. Currently there is little information on reference gene stability in dental, periodontal and alveolar bone tissues of the rat, especially regarding orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis. We therefore aimed to identify the best selection and number of reference genes under these experimental as well as physiological conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 7 male Fischer344-rats the upper left first and second molars were moved orthodontically for 2 weeks and in 7 more animals additionally subjected to an experimental periodontitis, whereas 7 animals were left untreated. Tissue samples of defined size containing both molars (without crowns) as well as the adjacent periodontal and alveolar bone tissue were retrieved and RNA extracted for RT-qPCR analyses. Nine candidate reference genes were evaluated and ranked according to their expression stability by 4 different algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, comparative ΔCq). RESULTS PPIB/YWHAZ were the most stabile reference genes for the combined dental, periodontal and alveolar bone tissue of the rat overall, in untreated animals and rats with additional periodontitis, whereas PPIB/B2M performed best in orthodontically treated rats with YWHAZ ranking third. Gene-stability ranking differed considerably between investigated groups. A combination of two reference genes was found to be sufficient for normalization in all cases. CONCLUSIONS The substantial differences in expression stability emphasize the need for valid reference genes, when aiming for meaningful results in relative gene expression analyses. Our results should enable researchers to optimize gene expression analysis in future studies by choosing the most suitable reference genes for normalization.
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