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Lu Q, Zhu Y, Wang C, Zhang R, Miao Y, Chai Y, Jiang Z, Yu Q. Obeticholic acid protects against lithocholic acid-induced exogenous cell apoptosis during cholestatic liver injury. Life Sci 2024; 337:122355. [PMID: 38104861 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Lithocholic acid (LCA)-induced cholestasis was accompanied by the occurrence of apoptosis, which indicated that anti-apoptosis was a therapeutic strategy for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). As an agonist of (Farnesoid X receptor) FXR, we supposed that the hepatoprotection of Obeticholic acid (OCA) against cholestatic liver injury is related to anti-apoptosis beside of the bile acids (BAs) regulation. Herein, we explored the non-metabolic regulating mechanism of OCA for resisting LCA-induced cholestatic liver injury via anti-apoptosis. MAIN METHODS LCA-induced cholestatic liver injury mice were pretreated with OCA to evaluate its hepatoprotective effect and mechanism. Biochemical and pathological indicators were used to detect the protective effect of OCA on LCA-induced cholestatic liver injury. The bile acids (BAs) profile in serum was detected by LC-MS/MS. Hepatocyte BAs metabolism, apoptosis and inflammation related genes and proteins alteration were investigated by biochemical determination. KEY FINDINGS OCA improved LCA-induced cholestasis and hepatic apoptosis in mice. The BA profile in serum was changed by OCA mainly manifested as a reduction of taurine-conjugated bile acids, which was due to the upregulation of FXR-related bile acid efflux transporters bile salt export pump (BSEP), multi-drug resistant associated protein 2 (MRP2), MRP3 and multi-drug resistance 3 (MDR3). Apoptosis related proteins cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved PARP were obviously reduced after OCA treatment. SIGNIFICANCE OCA improved LCA-induced cholestatic liver injury via FXR-induced exogenous cell apoptosis, which will provide new evidence for the application of OCA to ameliorate PBC in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yangping Zhu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Changling Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rongmi Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingying Miao
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chai
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Fu Y, Du X, Cui Y, Xiong K, Wang J. Nutritional intervention is promising in alleviating liver injury during tuberculosis treatment: a review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1261148. [PMID: 37810929 PMCID: PMC10552157 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1261148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injury is a main adverse effect of first-line tuberculosis drugs. Current management of tuberculosis-drug-induced liver injury (TBLI) mainly relies on withdrawing tuberculosis drugs when necessary. No effective treatment exists. Various nutrients and functional food ingredients may play a protective role in TBLI. However, a comprehensive review has not been conducted to compare the effects of these nutrients and functional food ingredients. We searched Pubmed and Web of Science databases from the earliest date of the database to March 2023. All available in-vitro, animal and clinical studies that examined the effects of nutritional intervention on TBLI were included. The underlying mechanism was briefly reviewed. Folic acid, quercetin, curcumin, Lactobacillus casei, spirulina and Moringa oleifera possessed moderate evidence to have a beneficial effect on alleviating TBLI mostly based on animal studies. The evidence of other nutritional interventions on TBLI was weak. Alleviating oxidative stress and apoptosis were the leading mechanisms for the beneficial effects of nutritional intervention on TBLI. In conclusion, a few nutritional interventions are promising for alleviating TBLI including folic acid, quercetin, curcumin, L. casei, spirulina and M. oleifera, the effectiveness and safety of which need further confirmation by well-designed randomized controlled trials. The mechanisms for the protective role of these nutritional interventions on TBLI warrant further study, particularly by establishing the animal model of TBLI using the tuberculosis drugs separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Fu
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianfa Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingchun Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 971 Naval Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke Xiong
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Attia AA, Hamad HA, Fawzy MA, Saleh SR. The Prophylactic Effect of Vitamin C and Vitamin B12 against Ultraviolet-C-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114302. [PMID: 37298780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet C (UVC) devices are an effective means of disinfecting surfaces and protecting medical tools against various microbes, including coronavirus. Overexposure to UVC can induce oxidative stress, damage the genetic material, and harm biological systems. This study investigated the prophylactic efficacy of vitamin C and B12 against hepatotoxicity in UVC-intoxicated rats. Rats were irradiated with UVC (725.76, 967.68, and 1048.36 J/cm2) for 2 weeks. The rats were pretreated with the aforementioned antioxidants for two months before UVC irradiation. The prophylactic effect of vitamins against UVC hepatotoxicity was evaluated by monitoring the alteration of liver enzyme activities, antioxidant status, apoptotic and inflammatory markers, DNA fragmentation, and histological and ultrastructural alterations. Rats exposed to UVC showed a significant increase in liver enzymes, oxidant-antioxidant balance disruption, and increased hepatic inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and IDO-1). Additionally, obvious over-expression of activated caspase-3 protein and DNA fragmentation were detected. Histological and ultrastructural examinations verified the biochemical findings. Co-treatment with vitamins ameliorated the deviated parameters to variable degrees. In conclusion, vitamin C could alleviate UVC-induced hepatotoxicity more than vitamin B12 by diminishing oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage. This study could provide a reference for the clinical practice of vitamin C and B12 as radioprotective for workers in UVC disinfectant areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza A Attia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
| | - Huda A Hamad
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al Bayda 00218, Libya
| | - M Adel Fawzy
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
| | - Samar R Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
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Aumailley L, Bourassa S, Gotti C, Droit A, Lebel M. Vitamin C modulates the levels of several proteins of the mitochondrial complex III and its activity in the mouse liver. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102491. [PMID: 36179436 PMCID: PMC9520280 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate is a crucial antioxidant and essential cofactor of biosynthetic and regulatory enzymes. Unlike humans, mice can synthesize ascorbate thanks to the key enzyme gulonolactone oxidase (Gulo). In the present study, we used the Gulo-/- mouse model, which cannot synthesize their own ascorbate to determine the impact of this vitamin on the liver proteome of specific subcellular organelles. We performed label-free Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) global quantitative proteomic profiling to identify and quantify proteins in microsomal enriched liver extracts (MEE) from Gulo-/- mice treated with 0-0.4% (w/v) ascorbate in drinking water until the age of four months. Using a principal component analysis on normalized and imputed data of the label-free protein quantifications, a sex-based difference in MEE proteome profiles was observed for all the different ascorbate treated mice. Suboptimal hepatic ascorbate concentrations affected the levels of more proteins and hence biochemical processes in females than in males. Nevertheless, Pearson correlation analyses revealed that the MS intensities of various proteins involved in complement activation inversely correlated with liver ascorbate concentrations in both Gulo-/- males and females. Moreover, the correlation analyses also indicated that several proteins in the mitochondrial complex III of the electron transport chain positively correlated with liver ascorbate concentrations in both Gulo-/- females and males. Consequently, the mitochondrial complex III activity in Gulo-/- female and male mice treated with suboptimal hepatic concentrations of ascorbate was significantly lower than Gulo-/- mice treated with optimal ascorbate concentration. Finally, the whole liver of ascorbate-deficient Gulo-/- mice exhibited lower ATP levels and increased reactive oxygen species. These findings provide new information on how ascorbate deficiency potentially induces mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Aumailley
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sylvie Bourassa
- Proteomics Platform, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Clarisse Gotti
- Proteomics Platform, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada; Proteomics Platform, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Michel Lebel
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Fujii J, Osaki T, Bo T. Ascorbate Is a Primary Antioxidant in Mammals. Molecules 2022; 27:6187. [PMID: 36234722 PMCID: PMC9572970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate (vitamin C in primates) functions as a cofactor for a number of enzymatic reactions represented by prolyl hydroxylases and as an antioxidant due to its ability to donate electrons, which is mostly accomplished through non-enzymatic reaction in mammals. Ascorbate directly reacts with radical species and is converted to ascorbyl radical followed by dehydroascorbate. Ambiguities in physiological relevance of ascorbate observed during in vivo situations could be attributed in part to presence of other redox systems and the pro-oxidant properties of ascorbate. Most mammals are able to synthesize ascorbate from glucose, which is also considered to be an obstacle to verify its action. In addition to animals with natural deficiency in the ascorbate synthesis, such as guinea pigs and ODS rats, three strains of mice with genetic removal of the responsive genes (GULO, RGN, or AKR1A) for the ascorbate synthesis have been established and are being used to investigate the physiological roles of ascorbate. Studies using these mice, along with ascorbate transporter (SVCT)-deficient mice, largely support its ability in protection against oxidative insults. While combined actions of ascorbate in regulating epigenetics and antioxidation appear to effectively prevent cancer development, pharmacological doses of ascorbate and dehydroascorbate may exert tumoricidal activity through redox-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Osaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Tomoki Bo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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Splittstoesser V, Vollbach H, Plamper M, Garbe W, De Franco E, Houghton JAL, Dueker G, Ganschow R, Gohlke B, Schreiner F. Case Report: Extended Clinical Spectrum of the Neonatal Diabetes With Congenital Hypothyroidism Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:665336. [PMID: 33935973 PMCID: PMC8087289 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.665336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal diabetes with congenital hypothyroidism (NDH) syndrome is a rare condition caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the GLI-similar 3 coding gene GLIS3. Almost 20 patients have been reported to date, with significant phenotypic variability. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a boy with a homozygous deletion (exons 5-9) in the GLIS3 gene, who presents novel clinical aspects not reported previously. In addition to neonatal diabetes, congenital hypothyroidism and other known multi-organ manifestations such as cholestasis and renal cysts, he suffered from hyporegenerative anemia during the first four months of life and presents megalocornea in the absence of elevated intraocular pressure. Compensation of partial exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and deficiencies in antioxidative vitamins seemed to have exerted marked beneficial impact on several disease symptoms including cholestasis and TSH resistance, although a causal relation is difficult to prove. Considering reports on persistent fetal hemoglobin detected in a few children with GLIS3 mutations, the transient anemia seen in our patient may represent a further symptom associated with either the GLIS3 defect itself or, secondarily, micronutrient deficiency related to exocrine pancreatic deficiency or cholestasis. CONCLUSIONS Our report expands the phenotypic spectrum of patients with GLIS3 mutations and adds important information on the clinical course, highlighting the possible beneficial effects of pancreatic enzyme and antioxidative vitamin substitutions on characteristic NDH syndrome manifestations such as TSH resistance and cholestasis. We recommend to carefully screen infants with GLIS3 mutations for subtle biochemical signs of partial exocrine pancreatic deficiency or to discuss exploratory administration of pancreatic enzymes and antioxidative vitamins, even in case of good weight gain and fecal elastase concentrations in the low-to-normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Splittstoesser
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Vollbach
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michaela Plamper
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Werner Garbe
- Department of Neonatology, St. Marien-Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisa De Franco
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gesche Dueker
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Ganschow
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bettina Gohlke
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Schreiner
- Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Felix Schreiner,
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Mao ZJ, Lin M, Zhang X, Qin LP. Combined Use of Astragalus Polysaccharide and Berberine Attenuates Insulin Resistance in IR-HepG2 Cells via Regulation of the Gluconeogenesis Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1508. [PMID: 31920677 PMCID: PMC6936338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is likely to induce metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is a complex metabolic process that may result in glucose generation from certain non-carbohydrate substrates. Chinese herbal medicine astragalus polysaccharides and berberine have been documented to ameliorate IR, and combined use of astragalus polysaccharide (AP) and berberine (BBR) are reported to synergistically produce an even better effect. However, what change may occur in the GNG signaling pathway of IR-HepG2 cells in this synergistic effect and whether AP-BBR attenuates IR by regulating the GNG signaling pathway remain unclear. For the first time, we discovered in this study that the optimal time of IR-HepG2 cell model formation was 48 h after insulin intervention. AP-BBR attenuated IR in HepG2 cells and the optimal concentration was 10 mg. AP-BBR reduced the intracellular H2O2 content with no significant effect on apoptosis of IR-HepG2 cells. In addition, a rapid change was observed in intracellular calcium current of the IR-HepG2 cell model, and AP-BBR intervention attenuated this change markedly. The gene sequencing results showed that the GNG signaling pathway was one of the signaling pathways of AP-BBR to attenuate IR in IR-Hepg2 cells. The expression of p-FoxO1Ser256 and PEPCK protein was increased, and the expression of GLUT2 protein was decreased significantly in the IR-HepG2 cell model, and both of these effects could be reversed by AP-BBR intervention. AP-BBR attenuated IR in IR-HepG2 cells, probably by regulating the GNG signaling Pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Lin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Baiocchi L, Zhou T, Liangpunsakul S, Lenci I, Santopaolo F, Meng F, Kennedy L, Glaser S, Francis H, Alpini G. Dual Role of Bile Acids on the Biliary Epithelium: Friend or Foe? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081869. [PMID: 31014010 PMCID: PMC6514722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are a family of amphipathic compounds predominantly known for their role in solubilizing and absorbing hydrophobic compounds (including liposoluble vitamins) in the intestine. Bile acids also are key signaling molecules and inflammatory agents that activate transcriptional factors and cell signaling pathways that regulate lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism in various human disorders, including chronic liver diseases. However, in the last decade increased awareness has been founded on the physiological and chemical heterogeneity of this category of compounds and their possible beneficial or injurious effects on the biliary tree. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of the molecular mechanism involving bile acid and biliary epithelium. The last achievements of the research in this field are summarized, focusing on the molecular aspects and the elements with relevance regarding human liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Baiocchi
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine 702 SW HK Dodgen Loop, Temple, TX 76504, USA.
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, Gastroenterology, Medicine 1481 W 10th street, Dedication Wing⁻Room C-7151, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1481 W 10th street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Ilaria Lenci
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, Gastroenterology, Medicine 1481 W 10th street, Dedication Wing⁻Room C-7151, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1481 W 10th street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, Gastroenterology, Medicine 1481 W 10th street, Dedication Wing⁻Room C-7151, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine 702 SW HK Dodgen Loop, Temple, TX 76504, USA.
| | - Heather Francis
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, Gastroenterology, Medicine 1481 W 10th street, Dedication Wing⁻Room C-7151, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1481 W 10th street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Indiana University, Gastroenterology, Medicine 1481 W 10th street, Dedication Wing⁻Room C-7151, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1481 W 10th street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Zhang Y, Lu Y, Ji H, Li Y. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and novel therapeutic targets for cholestatic liver injury. Biosci Trends 2019; 13:23-31. [PMID: 30814402 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2018.01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a pathological process in which bile drainage is poor for a variety of reasons. Many studies have shown that cholestatic liver injury is a neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response, and oxidative stress induced by neutrophils is the main mechanism of liver cell death. The literature summarizes the bile acid signaling pathway, the neutrophil chemotaxis recruitment process during cholestasis, and the oxidative stress damage produced by neutrophil activation, summarizes the latest research progress. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) is a potential therapeutic target for cholestasis that reduces neutrophil aggregation without inhibiting systemic immune status. Early growth response factor 1 (Egr-1) may play a central role in the inflammation induced by cholestasis, and it is also a potential therapeutic target to inhibit the inflammation induced by cholestasis. Strengthening the antioxidant system of hepatocytes to cope with oxidative stress of neutrophils is a feasible treatment for cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Yuxuan Lu
- The High School Affiliated to xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
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10
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Bayomy NA, Soliman GM, Abdelaziz EZ. Effect of Potassium Bromate on the Liver of Adult Male Albino Rat and A Possible Protective Role of Vitamin C: Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Biochemical Study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:1256-69. [PMID: 27373450 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Potassium bromate (KBrO3 ) is a food additive which is used primarily as a maturing agent for flour. It is proved as a toxic agent with significant reduction in the activities of antioxidant capacity. The therapeutic efficacy of vitamin C as antioxidant may provide a possible solution to KBrO3 mediated oxidative damage. Twenty four adult male albino rats were used to evaluate the protective role of vitamin C against KBrO3 induced hepatotoxicity and divided into four groups; Group 1 (control), Group 2: received 30 mg/Kg/day vitamin C orally for 4 weeks, Group 3: received 20 mg/Kg/dose KBrO3 orally twice weekly for 4 weeks and Group 4: received both KBrO3 and vitamin C. Liver specimens were processed for histological study by light and electron microscopes and stained immunohistochemically to detect glial fibriller acidic protein (GFAP). Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were estimated as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in all dissected tissues were determined. KBrO3 induced histological alterations in the form of degeneration, cellular infiltration and significant increase in collagen deposition in portal tracts with a significant increase in immunoexpression of GFAP. Significant rise in serum levels of AST, ALT, and MDA in liver tissues were recorded. However, levels of GSH and SOD were significantly decreased. Most of these changes were improved by vitamin C treatment. In conclusion, vitamin C ameliorates the histological and biochemical alterations of the liver induced by KBrO3 . Anat Rec, 299:1256-1269, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa A Bayomy
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Gehan M Soliman
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman Z Abdelaziz
- Pharmacology department, Faculty of Medicine, Ismalia University, Suez Canal, Egypt
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11
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Dual action of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in perfluorodecanoic acid-induced hepatotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:897-907. [PMID: 27344344 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) is widely used in production of many daily necessities based on their surface properties and stability. It was assigned as a Persistent Organic Pollutant in 2009 and became a public concern partly because of its potential for activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). In this study, wild-type and Ppara-null mice were administered PFDA (80 mg/kg). Blood and liver tissues were collected and subjected to systemic toxicological and mechanistic analysis. UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS-based metabolomics was used to explore the contributing components of the serum metabolome that led to variation between wild-type and Pparα-null mice. Bile acid homeostasis was disrupted, and slight hepatocyte injury in wild-type mice accompanied by adaptive regulation of bile acid synthesis and transport was observed. The serum metabolome in wild-type clustered differently from that in Pparα-null, featured by sharp increases in bile acid components. Differential toxicokinetic tendency was supported by regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases dependent on PPARα, but it did not contribute to the hepatotoxic responses. Increase in Il-10 and activation of the JNK pathway indicated inflammation was induced by disruption of bile acid homeostasis in wild-type mice. Inhibition of p-p65 dependent on PPARα activation by PFDA stopped the inflammatory cascade, as indicated by negative response of Il-6, Tnf-α, and STAT3 signaling. These data suggest disruptive and protective role of PPARα in hepatic responses induced by PFDA.
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