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van Leeuwen LL, Ruigrok MJR, Kessler BM, Leuvenink HGD, Olinga P. Targeted delivery of galunisertib using machine perfusion reduces fibrogenesis in an integrated ex vivo renal transplant and fibrogenesis model. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:464-479. [PMID: 37596999 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fibrosis in kidney allografts is a major post-transplant complication that contributes to graft failure. Lately, multiple potent inhibitors of fibrosis-related pathways have been developed such as galunisertib, an inhibitor of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β/TGFβ1) signalling pathway. This drug, however, poses risks for adverse effects when administered systemically. Therefore, we devised a new repurposing strategy in which galunisertib is administered ex vivo. We combined machine perfusion and tissue slices to explore the antifibrotic effects of galunisertib in renal grafts. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Porcine kidneys were subjected to 30 min of warm ischaemia, 24 h of oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion and 6 h of normothermic machine perfusion with various treatments (i.e. untreated control, TGFβ1, galunisertib or TGFβ1 + galunisertib; n = 8 kidneys per group). To determine whether effects persisted upon ceasing treatment, kidney slices were prepared from respective kidneys and incubated for 48 h. KEY RESULTS Galunisertib treatment improved general viability without negatively affecting renal function or elevating levels of injury markers or by-products of oxidative stress during perfusion. Galunisertib also reduced inflammation and, more importantly, reduced the onset of fibrosis after 48 h of incubation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings demonstrate the value of using machine perfusion for administering antifibrotic drugs such as galunisertib, proving it to be an effective example of repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Leonie van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Mitchel J R Ruigrok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Henri G D Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Fridrichs J, Hamel B, Kelder W, van den Hoed E, van den Heuvel MC, Hulscher JBF, Olinga P. Human precision-cut cystic duct and gallbladder slices: a novel method for studying cholangiopathies. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1058319. [PMID: 37528870 PMCID: PMC10387522 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1058319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Precision-cut tissue slices (PCTS) are widely used as an ex vivo culture tissue culture technique to study pathogeneses of diseases and drug activities in organs in vitro. A novel application of the PCTS model may be in the field of translational research into cholangiopathies such as biliary atresia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to apply the precision-cut slice technique to human bile duct and gallbladder tissue. Methods Cystic duct and gallbladder tissue derived from patients undergoing a cholecystectomy were collected, preserved and used for preparation of precision-cut cystic duct slices (PCCDS) and precision-cut gallbladder slices (PCGS). The PCCDS and PCGS were prepared using a mechanical tissue slicer and subsequently incubated for 24 and 48 h respectively in William's Medium E (WME) culture medium. Viability was assessed based on ATP/protein content and tissue morphology [hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining]. Results It was shown that viability, assessed by the ATP/protein content and morphology, of the PCCDS (n = 8) and PCGS (n = 8) could be maintained over the 24 and 48 h incubation period respectively. ATP/protein content of the PCCDS increased significantly from 0.58 ± 0.13 pmol/µg at 0 h to 2.4 ± 0.29 pmol/µg after 24 h incubation (P = .0003). A similar significant increase from 0.94 ± 0.22 pmol/µg at 0 h to 3.7 ± 0.41 pmol/µg after 24 h (P = .0005) and 4.2 ± 0.47 pmol/µg after 48 h (P = .0002) was observed in the PCGS. Morphological assessment of the PCCDS and PCGS showed viable tissue at 0 h and after 24 and 48 h incubation respectively. Conclusion This study is the first to report on the use of the PCTS model for human gallbladder and cystic duct tissue. PCCDS and PCGS remain viable for an incubation period of at least 24 h, which makes them suitable for research purposes in the field of cholangiopathies, including biliary atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeske Fridrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bart Hamel
- Department of Pathology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wendy Kelder
- Department of Surgery, Martini Hospital, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan B. F. Hulscher
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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3
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Jurado A, Ulldemolins A, Lluís H, Gasull X, Gavara N, Sunyer R, Otero J, Gozal D, Almendros I, Farré R. Fast cycling of intermittent hypoxia in a physiomimetic 3D environment: A novel tool for the study of the parenchymal effects of sleep apnea. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1081345. [PMID: 36712654 PMCID: PMC9879064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1081345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience recurrent hypoxemic events with a frequency sometimes exceeding 60 events/h. These episodic events induce downstream transient hypoxia in the parenchymal tissue of all organs, thereby eliciting the pathological consequences of OSA. Whereas experimental models currently apply intermittent hypoxia to cells conventionally cultured in 2D plates, there is no well-characterized setting that will subject cells to well-controlled intermittent hypoxia in a 3D environment and enable the study of the effects of OSA on the cells of interest while preserving the underlying tissue environment. Aim: To design and characterize an experimental approach that exposes cells to high-frequency intermittent hypoxia mimicking OSA in 3D (hydrogels or tissue slices). Methods: Hydrogels made from lung extracellular matrix (L-ECM) or brain tissue slices (300-800-μm thickness) were placed on a well whose bottom consisted of a permeable silicone membrane. The chamber beneath the membrane was subjected to a square wave of hypoxic/normoxic air. The oxygen concentration at different depths within the hydrogel/tissue slice was measured with an oxygen microsensor. Results: 3D-seeded cells could be subjected to well-controlled and realistic intermittent hypoxia patterns mimicking 60 apneas/h when cultured in L-ECM hydrogels ≈500 μm-thick or ex-vivo in brain slices 300-500 μm-thick. Conclusion: This novel approach will facilitate the investigation of the effects of intermittent hypoxia simulating OSA in 3D-residing cells within the parenchyma of different tissues/organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Jurado
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ulldemolins
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Lluís
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gasull
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Gavara
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sunyer
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Otero
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, KY, United States
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Ramon Farré,
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Buvall L, Menzies RI, Williams J, Woollard KJ, Kumar C, Granqvist AB, Fritsch M, Feliers D, Reznichenko A, Gianni D, Petrovski S, Bendtsen C, Bohlooly-Y M, Haefliger C, Danielson RF, Hansen PBL. Selecting the right therapeutic target for kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:971065. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.971065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a complex disease with several different etiologies and underlying associated pathophysiology. This is reflected by the lack of effective treatment therapies in chronic kidney disease (CKD) that stop disease progression. However, novel strategies, recent scientific breakthroughs, and technological advances have revealed new possibilities for finding novel disease drivers in CKD. This review describes some of the latest advances in the field and brings them together in a more holistic framework as applied to identification and validation of disease drivers in CKD. It uses high-resolution ‘patient-centric’ omics data sets, advanced in silico tools (systems biology, connectivity mapping, and machine learning) and ‘state-of-the-art‘ experimental systems (complex 3D systems in vitro, CRISPR gene editing, and various model biological systems in vivo). Application of such a framework is expected to increase the likelihood of successful identification of novel drug candidates based on strong human target validation and a better scientific understanding of underlying mechanisms.
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Exploring Porcine Precision-Cut Kidney Slices as a Model for Transplant-Related Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. TRANSPLANTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/transplantology3020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marginal donor kidneys are more likely to develop ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), resulting in inferior long-term outcomes. Perfusion techniques are used to attenuate IRI and improve graft quality. However, machine perfusion is still in its infancy, and more research is required for optimal conditions and potential repairing therapies. Experimental machine perfusion using porcine kidneys is a great way to investigate transplant-related IRI, but these experiments are costly and time-consuming. Therefore, an intermediate model to study IRI would be of great value. We developed a precision-cut kidney slice (PCKS) model that resembles ischemia-reperfusion and provides opportunities for studying multiple interventions simultaneously. Porcine kidneys were procured from a local slaughterhouse, exposed to 30 min of warm ischemia, and cold preserved. Subsequently, PCKS were prepared and incubated under various conditions. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and histological tissue integrity were assessed for renal viability and injury. Slicing did not influence tissue viability, and PCKS remained viable up to 72 h incubation with significantly increased ATP levels. Hypothermic and normothermic incubation led to significantly higher ATP levels than baseline. William’s medium E supplemented with Ciprofloxacin (and Amphotericin-B) provided the most beneficial condition for incubation of porcine PCKS. The porcine PCKS model can be used for studying transplant IRI.
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van Leeuwen LL, Leuvenink HGD, Olinga P, Ruigrok MJR. Shifting Paradigms for Suppressing Fibrosis in Kidney Transplants: Supplementing Perfusion Solutions With Anti-fibrotic Drugs. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:806774. [PMID: 35083254 PMCID: PMC8784659 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.806774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Great efforts have been made toward addressing the demand for donor kidneys. One of the most promising approaches is to use kidneys from donation after circulatory death donors. These kidneys, however, suffer from more severe ischemia and reperfusion injury than those obtained via donation after brain death and are thus more prone to develop interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Even though machine perfusion is increasingly used to reduce ischemia and reperfusion injury, there are no effective treatments available to ameliorate interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, forcing patients to resume dialysis, undergo re-transplantation, or suffer from premature death. Safe and effective anti-fibrotic therapies are therefore greatly desired. We propose a new therapeutic approach in which machine perfusion solutions are supplemented with anti-fibrotic compounds. This allows the use of higher concentrations than those used in humans whilst eliminating side effects in other organs. To the authors' knowledge, no one has reviewed whether such an approach could reduce interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy; we therefore set out to explore its merit. In this review, we first provide background information on ischemia and reperfusion injury as well as interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, after which we describe currently available approaches for preserving donor kidneys. We then present an evaluation of selected compounds. To identify promising compounds, we analyzed publications describing the effects of anti-fibrotic molecules in precision-cut kidneys slices, which are viable explants that can be cultured ex vivo for up to a few days whilst retaining functional and structural features. LY2109761, galunisertib, imatinib, nintedanib, and butaprost were shown to exert anti-fibrotic effects in slices within a relatively short timeframe (<48 h) and are therefore considered to be excellent candidates for follow-up ex vivo machine perfusion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Leonie van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henri G. D. Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mitchel J. R. Ruigrok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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7
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Ghosh B, Chatterjee S, Dhakar R, Muley S, Mitra P, Chatterjee J. Arecanut-induced fibrosis display dual phases of reorganising glycans and amides in skin extracellular matrix. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:251-263. [PMID: 34161821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The habit of chewing arecanut leads to fibrosis in the oral tissues, which can lead to cancer. Despite high mortality, fibrosis has limited clinical success owing to organ-specific variations, genetic predispositions, and slow progression. Fibrosis is a progressive condition that is unresponsive to medications in the severe phase. To understand underlying macromolecular changes we studied the extracellular matrix's (ECM) key molecular modifications in the early and late phase of arecanut-induced fibrosis in skin. To study the fibrosis, we topically applied arecanut extract on the mice skin. We observed that the matrix changes observe early and late phases based on ECM characteristics including the matrix proteins and the glycans. A spike in the levels of proteoglycans and β-sheet structures are noted in the early phase. A significant drop in the proteoglycans and strengthening of amide covalent interactions is observed in the late phase. Although, almost no physical changes are noticeable only in the early phase; the late phase observes thick collagen bundling and a 4-fold stiffening of the skin tissue. The study indicates that the temporal interplay of proteins and glycans determine the matrix's severity state while opening avenues to research directed towards the phase-specific clinical discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajoy Ghosh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
| | | | - Ramgopal Dhakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - Saylee Muley
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Pabitra Mitra
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Chatterjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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8
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Acharya AP, Tang Y, Bertero T, Tai Y, Harvey LD, Woodcock CC, Sun W, Pineda R, Mitash N, Königshoff M, Little SR, Chan SY. Simultaneous Pharmacologic Inhibition of Yes-Associated Protein 1 and Glutaminase 1 via Inhaled Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic) Acid-Encapsulated Microparticles Improves Pulmonary Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019091. [PMID: 34056915 PMCID: PMC8477870 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a deadly disease characterized by vascular stiffness and altered cellular metabolism. Current treatments focus on vasodilation and not other root causes of pathogenesis. Previously, it was demonstrated that glutamine metabolism, as catalyzed by GLS1 (glutaminase 1) activity, is mechanoactivated by matrix stiffening and the transcriptional coactivators YAP1 (yes-associated protein 1) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), resulting in pulmonary vascular proliferation and PH. Pharmacologic inhibition of YAP1 (by verteporfin) or glutaminase (by CB-839) improved PH in vivo. However, systemic delivery of these agents, particularly YAP1 inhibitors, may have adverse chronic effects. Furthermore, simultaneous use of pharmacologic blockers may offer additive or synergistic benefits. Therefore, a strategy that delivers these drugs in combination to local lung tissue, thus avoiding systemic toxicity and driving more robust improvement, was investigated. Methods and Results We used poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid polymer-based microparticles for delivery of verteporfin and CB-839 simultaneously to the lungs of rats suffering from monocrotaline-induced PH. Microparticles released these drugs in a sustained fashion and delivered their payload in the lungs for 7 days. When given orotracheally to the rats weekly for 3 weeks, microparticles carrying this drug combination improved hemodynamic (right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricle/left ventricle+septum mass ratio), histologic (vascular remodeling), and molecular markers (vascular proliferation and stiffening) of PH. Importantly, only the combination of drug delivery, but neither verteporfin nor CB-839 alone, displayed significant improvement across all indexes of PH. Conclusions Simultaneous, lung-specific, and controlled release of drugs targeting YAP1 and GLS1 improved PH in rats, addressing unmet needs for the treatment of this deadly disease.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Inhalation
- Animals
- Benzeneacetamides/administration & dosage
- Benzeneacetamides/chemistry
- Cells, Cultured
- Delayed-Action Preparations
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Combinations
- Drug Compounding
- Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry
- Glutaminase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glutaminase/metabolism
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/chemically induced
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/physiopathology
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Monocrotaline
- Particle Size
- Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer/chemistry
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Thiadiazoles/administration & dosage
- Thiadiazoles/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Ventricular Function, Right/drug effects
- Verteporfin/administration & dosage
- Verteporfin/chemistry
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav P. Acharya
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of PittsburghPA
- Biological Design Graduate ProgramSchool for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and EnergyArizona State UniversityTempeAZ
- Chemical EngineeringSchool for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and EnergyArizona State UniversityTempeAZ
| | - Ying Tang
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and MedicinePittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine InstituteDivision of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePA
| | - Thomas Bertero
- Université Côte d'AzurCentre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) Bienvenue à l'Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC)ValbonneFrance
| | - Yi‐Yin Tai
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and MedicinePittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine InstituteDivision of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePA
| | - Lloyd D. Harvey
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and MedicinePittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine InstituteDivision of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePA
| | - Chen‐Shan C. Woodcock
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and MedicinePittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine InstituteDivision of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePA
| | - Wei Sun
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and MedicinePittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine InstituteDivision of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePA
| | - Ricardo Pineda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePA
| | - Nilay Mitash
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePA
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePA
| | - Steven R. Little
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of PittsburghPA
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PittsburghPA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPA
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of PittsburghPA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPA
| | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and MedicinePittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine InstituteDivision of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePA
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Debier C, Pirard L, Verhaegen M, Rzucidlo C, Tinant G, Dewulf C, Larondelle Y, Smith DR, Rees JF, Crocker DE. In vitro Lipolysis and Leptin Production of Elephant Seal Blubber Using Precision-Cut Adipose Tissue Slices. Front Physiol 2020; 11:615784. [PMID: 33362587 PMCID: PMC7758477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.615784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays key roles in energy homeostasis. Understanding its metabolism and regulation is essential to predict the impact of environmental changes on wildlife health, especially in fasting-adapted species. However, in vivo experimental work in wild vertebrates can be challenging. We have developed a novel in vitro approach of precision-cut adipose tissue slices from northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) as a complementary approach to whole animal models. Blubber biopsies were collected from 14 pups during early and late post-weaning fast (Año Nuevo, CA, United States), precision-cut into 1 mm thick slices and maintained in culture at 37°C for at least 63 h. The slices exhibited an efficient response to ß-adrenergic stimulation, even after 2 days of culture, revealing good in vitro tissue function. The response to lipolytic stimulus did not vary between regions of outer and inner blubber, but was higher at early than at late fast for inner blubber slices. At early fast, lipolysis significantly reduced leptin production. At this stage, inner blubber slices were also more efficient at producing leptin than outer blubber slices, especially in the non-lipolytic condition. This model will aid the study of adipose tissue metabolism and its response to environmental stressors in marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Debier
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laura Pirard
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie Verhaegen
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Caroline Rzucidlo
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, United States
| | - Gilles Tinant
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Clément Dewulf
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Jean-François Rees
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, United States
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10
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Herbert J, Laskin DL, Gow AJ, Laskin JD. Chemical warfare agent research in precision-cut tissue slices-a useful alternative approach. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1480:44-53. [PMID: 32808309 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) in military conflicts and against civilians is a recurrent problem. Despite ongoing CWA research using in vitro or in vivo models, progress to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity and to develop effective therapies, decontamination procedures, and general countermeasures is still limited. Novel scientific approaches to address these questions are needed to expand perspectives on existing knowledge and gain new insights. To achieve this, the use of ex vivo techniques like precision-cut tissue slices (PCTSs) can be a valuable approach. Existing studies employing this economical and relatively easy to implement method show model suitability and comparability with the use of in vitro and in vivo models. In this article, we review research on CWAs in PCTSs to illustrate the advantages of the approach and to promote future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Herbert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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11
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Predictive Value of Precision-Cut Kidney Slices as an Ex Vivo Screening Platform for Therapeutics in Human Renal Fibrosis. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050459. [PMID: 32443499 PMCID: PMC7285118 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are a valuable tool in preclinical research. However, limited predictivity of human biological responses in the conventional models has stimulated the search for reliable preclinical tools that show translational robustness. Here, we used precision-cut kidney slices (PCKS) as a model of renal fibrosis and investigated its predictive capacity for screening the effects of anti-fibrotics. Murine and human PCKS were exposed to TGFβ or PDGF pathway inhibitors with established anti-fibrotic efficacy. For each treatment modality, we evaluated whether it affected: (1) culture-induced collagen type I gene expression and interstitial accumulation; (2) expression of markers of TGFβ and PDGF signaling; and (3) expression of inflammatory markers. We summarized the outcomes of published in vivo animal and human studies testing the three inhibitors in renal fibrosis, and drew a parallel to the PCKS data. We showed that the responses of murine PCKS to anti-fibrotics highly corresponded with the known in vivo responses observed in various animal models of renal fibrosis. Moreover, our results suggested that human PCKS can be used to predict drug efficacy in clinical trials. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the PCKS model is a powerful predictive tool for ex vivo screening of putative drugs for renal fibrosis.
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12
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Iswandana R, Pham BT, Suriguga S, Luangmonkong T, van Wijk LA, Jansen YJM, Oosterhuis D, Mutsaers HAM, Olinga P. Murine Precision-cut Intestinal Slices as a Potential Screening Tool for Antifibrotic Drugs. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:678-686. [PMID: 31943022 PMCID: PMC7150673 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a hallmark of Crohn's disease. Here, we investigated the impact of several putative antifibrotic compounds on the expression of fibrosis markers using murine precision-cut intestinal slices. METHODS Murine precision-cut intestinal slices were cultured for 48 hours in the presence of profibrotic and/or antifibrotic compounds. The fibrotic process was studied on gene and protein level using procollagen 1a1 (Col1α1), heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47), fibronectin (Fn2), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (Pai-1). The effects of potential antifibrotic drugs mainly inhibiting the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway (eg, valproic acid, tetrandrine, pirfenidone, SB203580, and LY2109761) and compounds mainly acting on the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) pathway (eg, imatinib, sorafenib, and sunitinib) were assessed in the model at nontoxic concentrations. RESULTS Murine precision-cut intestinal slices remained viable for 48 hours, and an increased expression of fibrosis markers was observed during culture, including Hsp47, Fn2, and Pai-1. Furthermore, TGF-β1 stimulated fibrogenesis, whereas PDGF did not have an effect. Regarding the tested antifibrotics, pirfenidone, LY2109761, and sunitinib had the most pronounced impact on the expression of fibrosis markers, both in the absence and presence of profibrotic factors, as illustrated by reduced levels of Col1α1, Hsp47, Fn2, and Pai-1 after treatment. Moreover, sunitinib significantly reduced Hsp47 and Fn2 protein expression and the excretion of procollagen 1. CONCLUSIONS Precision-cut intestinal slices can successfully be used as a potential preclinical screening tool for antifibrotic drugs. We demonstrated that sunitinib reduced the expression of several fibrosis markers, warranting further evaluation of this compound for the treatment of intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raditya Iswandana
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Bao Tung Pham
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands,Department of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Su Suriguga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Theerut Luangmonkong
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Louise A van Wijk
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette J M Jansen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dorenda Oosterhuis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henricus Antonius Maria Mutsaers
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Olinga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands,Address correspondence to: Professor Peter Olinga, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands. E-mail:
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13
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Conservation of glucagon like peptide-1 level with liraglutide and linagilptin protects the kidney against angiotensin II-induced tissue fibrosis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 867:172844. [PMID: 31811859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that the enhancement of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level through either exogenous supply of GLP-1 agonist, liraglutide or prevention of endogenous GLP-1 degradation with dipeptidyl peptidease-4 inhibitor, lingaliptin ameliorates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced renal fibrosis. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: 0.9% saline or Ang II (500 ng/kg/min) was infused with osmotic minipumps for 4 weeks, defined as sham and Ang II groups. In drug treated groups, liraglutide (0.3 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously twice daily or linagliptin (8 mg/kg) was administered daily via oral gavage during Ang II infusion. Compared with Ang II stimulation, liraglutide or linagliptin comparatively down-regulated the protein level of the AT1 receptor, and up-regulated the AT2 receptor, as identified by a reduced AT1/AT2 ratio (all p < 0.05), consistent with less locally-expressed AT1 receptor and enhanced AT2 receptor in the glomerular capillaries and proximal tubules of the renal cortex. Furthermore, both drugs significantly increased the expression of GLP-1 receptor and attenuated the protein levels of TLR4, NOX4 and IL-6. The populations of macrophages and α-SMA expressing myofibroblasts decreased with treatment of liraglutide and linagliptin, in coincidence with the reduced expression of phosphor-Smad2/3, Smad4, TGFβ1, and up-regulated Smad7. Along with these modulations, renal morphology was preserved and synthesis of fibronectin/collagen I was down-regulated, as identified by small collagen-rich area in the renal cortex. These results suggest that the preservation of GLP-1 level using liraglutide or linagliptin might be considered as an add-on therapeutic option for inhibiting Ang II induced renal fibrosis and failure.
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14
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Oakley F, Gee LM, Sheerin NS, Borthwick LA. Implementation of pre-clinical methodologies to study fibrosis and test anti-fibrotic therapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 49:95-101. [PMID: 31731225 PMCID: PMC6904905 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diseases where fibrosis plays a major role accounts for enormous morbidity and mortality and yet we have very little in our therapeutic arsenal despite decades of research and clinical trials. Our understanding of fibrosis biology is primarily built on data generated in conventional mono-culture or co-culture systems and in vivo model systems. While these approaches have undoubtedly enhanced our understanding of basic mechanisms, they have repeatedly failed to translate to clinical benefit. Recently, there had been a push to generate more physiologically relevant platforms to study fibrosis and identify new therapeutic targets. Here we review the state-of-the-art regarding the development and application of 3D complex cultures, bio-printing and precision cut slices to study pulmonary, hepatic and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lucy M Gee
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Neil S Sheerin
- Renal Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Applied Immunobiology and Transplantation Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lee A Borthwick
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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15
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Bigaeva E, Stribos EGD, Mutsaers HAM, Piersma B, Leliveld AM, de Jong IJ, Bank RA, Seelen MA, van Goor H, Wollin L, Olinga P, Boersema M. Inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptor signaling attenuates fibrogenesis in an ex vivo model of human renal fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 318:F117-F134. [PMID: 31736352 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00108.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor translation from animal studies to human clinical trials is one of the main hurdles in the development of new drugs. Here, we used precision-cut kidney slices (PCKS) as a translational model to study renal fibrosis and to investigate whether inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptors, with the selective inhibitor nintedanib, can halt fibrosis in murine and human PCKS. We used renal tissue of murine and human origins to obtain PCKS. Control slices and slices treated with nintedanib were studied to assess viability, activation of tyrosine kinase receptors, cell proliferation, collagen type I accumulation, and gene and protein regulation. During culture, PCKS spontaneously develop a fibrotic response that resembles in vivo fibrogenesis. Nintedanib blocked culture-induced phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. Furthermore, nintedanib inhibited cell proliferation and reduced collagen type I accumulation and expression of fibrosis-related genes in healthy murine and human PCKS. Modulation of extracellular matrix homeostasis was achieved already at 0.1 μM, whereas high concentrations (1 and 5 μM) elicited possible nonselective effects. In PCKS from human diseased renal tissue, nintedanib showed limited capacity to reverse established fibrosis. In conclusion, nintedanib attenuated the onset of fibrosis in both murine and human PCKS by inhibiting the phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase receptors; however, the reversal of established fibrosis was not achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Bigaeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G D Stribos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus A M Mutsaers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bram Piersma
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna M Leliveld
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Igle J de Jong
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud A Bank
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A Seelen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lutz Wollin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach, Germany
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Boersema
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Barnett LMA, Cummings BS. Nephrotoxicity and Renal Pathophysiology: A Contemporary Perspective. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:379-390. [PMID: 29939355 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney consists of numerous cell types organized into the nephron, which is the basic functional unit of the kidney. Any stimuli that induce loss of these cells can induce kidney damage and renal failure. The cause of renal failure can be intrinsic or extrinsic. Extrinsic causes include cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, sepsis, and lung and liver failure. Intrinsic causes include glomerular nephritis, polycystic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, tubular cell death, and stones. The kidney plays a prominent role in mediating the toxicity of numerous drugs, environmental pollutants and natural substances. Drugs known to be nephrotoxic include several cancer therapeutics, drugs of abuse, antibiotics, and radiocontrast agents. Environmental pollutants known to target the kidney include cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, trichloroethylene, bromate, brominated-flame retardants, diglycolic acid, and ethylene glycol. Natural nephrotoxicants include aristolochic acids and mycotoxins such as ochratoxin, fumonisin B1, and citrinin. There are several common characteristics between mechanisms of renal failure induced by nephrotoxicants and extrinsic causes. This common ground exists primarily due to similarities in the molecular mechanisms mediating renal cell death. This review summarizes the current state of the field of nephrotoxicity. It emphasizes integrating our understanding of nephrotoxicity with pathological-induced renal failure. Such approaches are needed to address major questions in the field, which include the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of both acute and chronic renal failure, and the progression of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian S Cummings
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program.,Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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17
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Fernández-Colino A, Iop L, Ventura Ferreira MS, Mela P. Fibrosis in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: treat or trigger? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:17-36. [PMID: 31295523 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a life-threatening pathological condition resulting from a dysfunctional tissue repair process. There is no efficient treatment and organ transplantation is in many cases the only therapeutic option. Here we review tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) approaches to address fibrosis in the cardiovascular system, the kidney, the lung and the liver. These strategies have great potential to achieve repair or replacement of diseased organs by cell- and material-based therapies. However, paradoxically, they might also trigger fibrosis. Cases of TERM interventions with adverse outcome are also included in this review. Furthermore, we emphasize the fact that, although organ engineering is still in its infancy, the advances in the field are leading to biomedically relevant in vitro models with tremendous potential for disease recapitulation and development of therapies. These human tissue models might have increased predictive power for human drug responses thereby reducing the need for animal testing.
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18
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de Jong IE, Matton AP, van Praagh JB, van Haaften WT, Wiersema‐Buist J, van Wijk LA, Oosterhuis D, Iswandana R, Suriguga S, Overi D, Lisman T, Carpino G, Gouw AS, Olinga P, Gaudio E, Porte RJ. Peribiliary Glands Are Key in Regeneration of the Human Biliary Epithelium After Severe Bile Duct Injury. Hepatology 2019; 69:1719-1734. [PMID: 30506902 PMCID: PMC6594148 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peribiliary glands (PBG) are a source of stem/progenitor cells organized in a cellular network encircling large bile ducts. Severe cholangiopathy with loss of luminal biliary epithelium has been proposed to activate PBG, resulting in cell proliferation and differentiation to restore biliary epithelial integrity. However, formal evidence for this concept in human livers is lacking. We therefore developed an ex vivo model using precision-cut slices of extrahepatic human bile ducts obtained from discarded donor livers, providing an intact anatomical organization of cell structures, to study spatiotemporal differentiation and migration of PBG cells after severe biliary injury. Postischemic bile duct slices were incubated in oxygenated culture medium for up to a week. At baseline, severe tissue injury was evident with loss of luminal epithelial lining and mural stroma necrosis. In contrast, PBG remained relatively well preserved and different reactions of PBG were noted, including PBG dilatation, cell proliferation, and maturation. Proliferation of PBG cells increased after 24 hours of oxygenated incubation, reaching a peak after 72 hours. Proliferation of PBG cells was paralleled by a reduction in PBG apoptosis and differentiation from a primitive and pluripotent (homeobox protein Nanog+/ sex-determining region Y-box 9+) to a mature (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator+/secretin receptor+) and activated phenotype (increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, glucose transporter 1, and vascular endothelial growth factor A). Migration of proliferating PBG cells in our ex vivo model was unorganized, but resulted in generation of epithelial monolayers at stromal surfaces. Conclusion: Human PBG contain biliary progenitor cells and are able to respond to bile duct epithelial loss with proliferation, differentiation, and maturation to restore epithelial integrity. The ex vivo spatiotemporal behavior of human PBG cells provides evidence for a pivotal role of PBG in biliary regeneration after severe injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris E.M. de Jong
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands,Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Alix P.M. Matton
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands,Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Jasper B. van Praagh
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Wouter T. van Haaften
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Janneke Wiersema‐Buist
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Louise A. van Wijk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Dorenda Oosterhuis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Raditya Iswandana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands,Faculty of PharmacyUniversitas IndonesiaIndonesia
| | - Su Suriguga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Diletta Overi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Ton Lisman
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Guido Carpino
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Movement, Human and Health SciencesUniversity of Rome “Foro Italico”RomeItaly
| | - Annette S.H. Gouw
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Robert J. Porte
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
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19
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Burgy O, Königshoff M. The WNT signaling pathways in wound healing and fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:67-80. [PMID: 29572156 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathways are major regulators of organ development. Ample research over the past few decades revealed that these pathways are critically involved in adult tissue homeostasis and stem cell function as well as the development of chronic diseases, such as cancer and fibrosis. In this review, we will describe the different WNT signal pathways, summarize the current evidence of WNT signal involvement in wound healing and fibrosis, and highlight potential novel therapeutic options for fibrotic disorders targeting WNT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Burgy
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
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20
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Stribos EGD, Seelen MA, van Goor H, Olinga P, Mutsaers HAM. Murine Precision-Cut Kidney Slices as an ex vivo Model to Evaluate the Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Signaling in the Onset of Renal Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1026. [PMID: 29311960 PMCID: PMC5732966 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is characterized by progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, resulting in loss of organ function and eventually requiring renal replacement therapy. Unfortunately, no efficacious treatment options are available to halt renal fibrosis and translational models to test pharmacological agents are not always representative. Here, we evaluated murine precision-cut kidney slices (mPCKS) as a promising ex vivo model of renal fibrosis in which pathophysiology as well as therapeutics can be studied. Unique to this model is the use of rodent as well as human renal tissue, further closing the gap between animal models and clinical trials. Kidneys from C57BL/6 mice were used to prepare mPCKS and slices were incubated up to 96h. Viability, morphology, gene expression of fibrosis markers (Col1a1, Acta2, Serpinh1, Fn1, and Pai-1), inflammatory markers (Il1b, Il6, Cxcl1), and protein expression (collagen type 1, α-smooth muscle actin, HSP47) were determined. Furthermore, to understand the role of the transforming-growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway in mPCKS, slices were incubated with a TGF-β receptor inhibitor (LY2109761) for 48 h. Firstly, viability and morphology revealed an optimal incubation period of 48 h. Secondly, we demonstrated an early inflammatory response in mPCKS, which was accompanied by subsequent spontaneous fibrogenesis. Finally, LY2109761 showed great antifibrotic capacity in mPCKS by decreasing fibrosis markers on mRNA level as well as by reducing HSP47 protein expression. To conclude, we here present an ex vivo model of renal fibrosis, which can be used to further unravel the mechanisms of renal fibrogenesis and to screen antifibrotic therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth G D Stribos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marc A Seelen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henricus A M Mutsaers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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