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Naes SM, Ab-Rahim S, Mazlan M, Amir Hashim NA, Abdul Rahman A. Increased ENT2 expression and its association with altered purine metabolism in cell lines derived from different stages of colorectal cancer. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:212. [PMID: 37123217 PMCID: PMC10133795 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant cancer types worldwide. Although the purine metabolism pathway is vital for cancer cell survival, little is known about the role of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) in CRC development and its association with purine metabolites. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT), hypoxanthine and uric acid (UA), as well as xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, and investigate their association with ENT2 expression levels in a normal human colon cell line and CRC cell lines derived from different stages of CRC. These analyses were performed using the normal colon CCD-841CoN cell line and a panel of human CRC cell lines comprising SW480, HCT15 and HCT116, which represent Dukes' B, C and D stages, respectively. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to determine the level of ENT2 mRNA expression. In cells of all CRC stages, the levels of HPRT and hypoxanthine were significantly higher (P<0.05), while XO activity and UA levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05), compared with those in the CCD-841CoN cell line. ENT2 expression was found to be elevated in cells derived from all stages of CRC. The Dukes' D stage cell line had higher levels of HPRT and hypoxanthine, although its ENT2 level was not significantly lower than that of the Dukes' B and C stage cell lines. Increased levels of HPRT and hypoxanthine in various stages of CRC may indicate an increase in the activity of the salvage pathway. The increased expression of ENT2 implies the importance of the ENT2 protein in facilitating hypoxanthine transport, which is required for enhanced DNA synthesis via hypoxanthine recycling. In conclusion, ENT2 may have potential as a target in the development of CRC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa M. Naes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Sharaniza Ab-Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Musalmah Mazlan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Azmir Amir Hashim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Abdul Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
- Correspondence to: Dr Amirah Abdul Rahman, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
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2
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Özvegy-Laczka C, Ungvári O, Bakos É. Fluorescence-based methods for studying activity and drug-drug interactions of hepatic solute carrier and ATP binding cassette proteins involved in ADME-Tox. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115448. [PMID: 36758706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In humans, approximately 70% of drugs are eliminated through the liver. This process is governed by the concerted action of membrane transporters and metabolic enzymes. Transporters mediating hepatocellular uptake of drugs belong to the SLC (Solute carrier) superfamily of transporters. Drug efflux either toward the portal vein or into the bile is mainly mediated by active transporters of the ABC (ATP Binding Cassette) family. Alteration in the function and/or expression of liver transporters due to mutations, disease conditions, or co-administration of drugs or food components can result in altered pharmacokinetics. On the other hand, drugs or food components interacting with liver transporters may also interfere with liver function (e.g., bile acid homeostasis) and may even cause liver toxicity. Accordingly, certain transporters of the liver should be investigated already at an early stage of drug development. Most frequently radioactive probes are applied in these drug-transporter interaction tests. However, fluorescent probes are cost-effective and sensitive alternatives to radioligands, and are gaining wider application in drug-transporter interaction tests. In our review, we summarize our current understanding about hepatocyte ABC and SLC transporters affected by drug interactions. We provide an update of the available fluorescent and fluorogenic/activable probes applicable in in vitro or in vivo testing of these ABC and SLC transporters, including near-infrared transporter probes especially suitable for in vivo imaging. Furthermore, our review gives a comprehensive overview of the available fluorescence-based methods, not directly relying on the transport of the probe, suitable for the investigation of hepatic ABC or SLC-type drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Ungvári
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bakos
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary
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Shahari MSB, Dolzhenko AV. A closer look at N2,6-substituted 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines: Advances in synthesis and biological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Li R, Mak WWS, Li J, Zheng C, Shiu PHT, Seto SW, Lee SMY, Leung GPH. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 4-((4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-6-imino-N-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (FPMINT) Analogues as Inhibitors of Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837555. [PMID: 35264969 PMCID: PMC8899516 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) play a vital role in nucleotide synthesis, regulation of adenosine function and chemotherapy. Current inhibitors of ENTs are mostly ENT1-selective. Our previous study has demonstrated that 4-((4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-6-imino-N-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (FPMINT) is a novel inhibitor of ENTs, which is more selective to ENT2 than to ENT1. The present study aimed to screen a series of FPMINT analogues and study their structure-activity relationship. Nucleoside transporter-deficient cells transfected with cloned human ENT1 and ENT2 were used as in vitro models. The results of the [3H]uridine uptake study showed that the replacement of the naphthalene moiety with the benzene moiety could abolish the inhibitory effects on ENT1 and ENT2. The addition of chloride to the meta position of this benzene moiety could restore only the inhibitory effect on ENT1 but had no effect on ENT2. However, the addition of the methyl group to the meta position or the ethyl or oxymethyl group to the para position of this benzene moiety could regain the inhibitory activity on both ENT1 and ENT2. The presence of a halogen substitute, regardless of the position, in the fluorophenyl moiety next to the piperazine ring was essential for the inhibitory effects on ENT1 and ENT2. Among the analogues tested, compound 3c was the most potent inhibitor. Compound 3c reduced V max of [3H]uridine uptake in ENT1 and ENT2 without affecting K m. The inhibitory effect of compound 3c could not be washed out. Compound 3c did not affect cell viability, protein expression and internalization of ENT1 and ENT2. Therefore, similar to FPMINT, compound 3c was an irreversible and non-competitive inhibitor. Molecular docking analysis also showed that the binding site of compound 3c in ENT1 may be different from that of other conventional inhibitors. It is expected that structural modification may further improve its potency and selectivity and lead to the development of useful pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Winston Wing-Shum Mak
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chengwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Polly Ho-Ting Shiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sai-Wang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, China
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 2: Properties and Physiological Roles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5197626. [PMID: 33344638 PMCID: PMC7732376 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5197626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) is a bidirectional transporter embedded in the biological membrane and is ubiquitously found in most tissue and cell types. ENT2 mediates the uptake of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleobase besides transporting a variety of nucleoside-derived drugs, mostly in anticancer therapy. Since high expression of ENT2 has been correlated with advanced stages of different types of cancers, consequently, this has gained significant interest in the role of ENT2 as a potential therapeutic target. Furthermore, ENT2 plays critical roles in signaling pathway and cell cycle progression. Therefore, elucidating the physiological roles of ENT2 and its properties may contribute to a better understanding of ENT2 roles beyond their transportation mechanism. This review is aimed at highlighting the main roles of ENT2 and at providing a brief update on the recent research.
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Miller SR, Hau RK, Jilek JL, Morales MN, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Interaction with Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters 1 and 2. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:603-612. [PMID: 32393653 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.090720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) transport nucleosides across the blood-testis barrier (BTB). ENTs are of interest to study the disposition of nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in the human male genital tract because of their similarity in structure to nucleosides. HeLa S3 cells express ENT1 and ENT2 and were used to compare relative interactions of these transporters with selected NRTIs. Inhibition of [3H]uridine uptake by NBMPR was biphasic, with IC50 values of 11.3 nM for ENT1 and 9.6 μM for ENT2. Uptake measured with 100 nM NBMPR represented ENT2-mediated transport; subtracting that from total uptake represented ENT1-mediated transport. The kinetics of ENT1- and ENT2-mediated [3H]uridine uptake revealed no difference in Jmax (16.53 and 30.40 pmol cm-2 min-1) and an eightfold difference in Kt (13.6 and 108.9 μM). The resulting fivefold difference in intrinsic clearance (Jmax/Kt) for ENT1- and ENT2 transport accounted for observed inhibition of [3H]uridine uptake by 100 nM NBMPR. Millimolar concentrations of the NRTIs emtricitabine, didanosine, lamivudine, stavudine, tenofovir disoproxil, and zalcitabine had no effect on ENT transport activity, whereas abacavir, entecavir, and zidovudine inhibited both transporters with IC50 values of ∼200 µM, 2.5 mM, and 2 mM, respectively. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and [3H] compounds, the data suggest that entecavir is an ENT substrate, abacavir is an ENT inhibitor, and zidovudine uptake is carrier-mediated, although not an ENT substrate. These data show that HeLa S3 cells can be used to explore complex transporter selectivity and are an adequate model for studying ENTs present at the BTB. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study characterizes an in vitro model using S-[(4-nitrophenyl)methyl]-6-thioinosine to differentiate between equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) 1- and ENT2-mediated uridine transport in HeLa cells. This provides a method to assess the influence of nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors on natively expressed transporter function. Determining substrate selectivity of the ENTs in HeLa cells can be effectively translated into the activity of these transporters in Sertoli cells that comprise the blood-testis barrier, thereby assisting targeted drug development of compounds capable of circumventing the blood-testis barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siennah R Miller
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.R.M., R.K.H., J.L.J., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (M.N.M., S.H.W.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Raymond K Hau
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.R.M., R.K.H., J.L.J., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (M.N.M., S.H.W.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joseph L Jilek
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.R.M., R.K.H., J.L.J., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (M.N.M., S.H.W.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Mark N Morales
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.R.M., R.K.H., J.L.J., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (M.N.M., S.H.W.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephen H Wright
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.R.M., R.K.H., J.L.J., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (M.N.M., S.H.W.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.R.M., R.K.H., J.L.J., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology (M.N.M., S.H.W.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Abstract
The transport of materials across membranes is a vital process for all aspects of cellular function, including growth, metabolism, and communication. Protein transporters are the molecular gates that control this movement and serve as key points of regulation for these processes, thus representing an attractive class of therapeutic targets. With more than 400 members, the solute carrier (SLC) membrane transport proteins are the largest family of transporters, yet, they are pharmacologically underexploited relative to other protein families and many of the available chemical tools possess suboptimal selectivity and efficacy. Fortuitously, there is increased interest in elucidating the physiological roles of SLCs as well as growing recognition of their therapeutic potential. This Perspective provides an overview of the SLC superfamily, including their biochemical and functional features, as well as their roles in various human diseases. In particular, we explore efforts and associated challenges toward drugging SLCs, as well as highlight opportunities for future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Leandro Gallo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Appaso Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Richard Hawkins
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Christopher G Parker
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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8
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Guo W, Zhao M, Du C, Zheng L, Li L, Chen L, Tao K, Tan W, Xie Z, Cai L, Fan X, Zhang K. Visible-Light-Catalyzed [3 + 1 + 2] Coupling Annulations for the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Trisubstituted Amino-1,3,5-triazines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15508-15519. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chengtang Du
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Luo Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Kailiang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Liuhuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huangzhou 438000, China
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9
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Vaskó B, Juhász V, Tóth B, Kurunczi A, Fekete Z, Krisjanis Zolnerciks J, Kis E, Magnan R, Bidon-Chanal Badia A, Pastor-Anglada M, Hazai E, Bikadi Z, Fülöp F, Krajcsi P. Inhibitor selectivity of CNTs and ENTs. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:840-851. [PMID: 30022699 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1501832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNT; solute carrier family 28 (SLC28)) and the equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT; solute carrier family 29 (SLC29)) are important therapeutic targets but may also mediate toxicity or adverse events. To explore the relative role of the base and the monosaccharide moiety in inhibitor selectivity we selected compounds that either harbor an arabinose moiety or a cytosine moiety, as these groups had several commercially available drug members. The screening data showed that more compounds harboring a cytosine moiety displayed potent interactions with the CNTs than compounds harboring the arabinose moiety. In contrast, ENTs showed a preference for compounds with an arabinose moiety. The correlation between CNT1 and CNT3 was good as five of six compounds displayed IC50 values within the threefold threshold and one displayed a borderline 4-fold difference. For CNT1 and CNT2 as well as for CNT2 and CNT3 only two of six IC50 values correlated and one displayed a borderline 4-fold difference. Interestingly, of the six compounds that potently interacted with both ENT1 and ENT2 only nelarabine displayed selectivity. Our data show differences between inhibitor selectivities of CNTs and ENTs as well as differences within the CNT family members.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beáta Tóth
- b SOLVO Biotechnology , Budaörs , Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Emese Kis
- a SOLVO Biotechnology , Szeged , Hungary
| | | | - Axel Bidon-Chanal Badia
- c Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Campus de l'Alimentació de Torribera , Universitat de Barcelona , Santa Coloma de Gramenet , Spain
| | - Marçal Pastor-Anglada
- d Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) , Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,e Oncology Program , National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBER EHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | | | | | - Ferenc Fülöp
- g Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Peter Krajcsi
- a SOLVO Biotechnology , Szeged , Hungary.,h Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,i Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics , Pázmány Péter Catholic University , Budapest , Hungary
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10
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Pan L, Li Z, Ding T, Fang X, Zhang W, Xu H, Xu Y. Base-Mediated Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 1,3,5-Triazin-2-amines via Three-Component Reaction of Imidates, Guanidines, and Amides or Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10043-10050. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Pan
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Ding
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Fang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanqing Xu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
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