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Wal P. Phytochemicals and their Potential Mechanisms against Insulin Resistance. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e081123223322. [PMID: 37946350 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998262924231020083353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin's inception dates back to 1921 and was unveiled through a momentous revelation. Diabetes is a dangerous, long-term disease in which the body fails to generate enough insulin or utilize the insulin it creates adequately. This causes hyperglycemia, a state of high blood sugar levels, which can even put a person into a coma if not managed. Activation of the insulin receptor corresponds to two crucial metabolic functions, i.e., uptake of glucose and storage of glycogen. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exists as one of the most challenging medical conditions in the 21st century. The sedentary lifestyle and declining quality of food products have contributed to the rapid development of metabolic disorders. Hence, there is an urgent need to lay some reliable, significant molecules and modalities of treatment to combat and manage this epidemic. In this review, we have made an attempt to identify and enlist the major phytoconstituents along with the associated sources and existing mechanisms against insulin resistance. The conducted study may offer potential sustainable solutions for developing and formulating scientifically validated molecules and phytoconstituents as formulations for the management of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (PHARMACY), NH19 Kanpur, Agra Highway, Bhauti Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
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2
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Tinosporaside from Tinospora cordifolia Encourages Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport through Both PI-3-Kinase- and AMPK-Dependent Mechanisms. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020483. [PMID: 36677541 PMCID: PMC9864719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The stem of Tinospora cordifolia has been traditionally used in traditional Indian systems of medicine for blood sugar control, without the knowledge of the underlying mechanism and chemical constitution responsible for the observed anti-diabetic effect. In the present study, Tinosporaside, a diterpenoid isolated from the stem of T. cordifolia, was investigated for its effects on glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells, which was followed by determining the anti-hyperglycemic efficacy in our diabetic db/db mice model. We found that tinosporaside augmented glucose uptake by increasing the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in L6 myotubes, upon prolonged exposure for 16 h. Moreover, tinosporaside treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B/AKT (Ser-473) and 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, Thr-172). These effects were abolished in the presence of the wortmannin and compound C. Administration of tinosporaside to db/db mice improved glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin sensitivity associated with increased gene expression and phosphorylation of the markers of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle tissue. The findings revealed that tinosporaside exerted its antidiabetic efficacy by enhancing the rate of glucose utilization in skeletal muscle, mediated by PI3K- and AMPK-dependent signaling mechanisms.
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Multi target interactions of essential oil nanoemulsion of Cinnamomum travancoricum against diabetes mellitus via in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Arampatzis AS, Tsave O, Kirchweger B, Zwirchmayr J, Papageorgiou VP, Rollinger JM, Assimopoulou AN. Expanding the Biological Properties of Alkannins and Shikonins: Their Impact on Adipogenesis and Life Expectancy in Nematodes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909285. [PMID: 35754463 PMCID: PMC9216188 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkannin, shikonin (A/S) and their derivatives are naturally occurring hydroxynaphthoquinones biosynthesized in some species of the Boraginaceae family. These natural compounds have been extensively investigated for their biological properties over the last 40 years, demonstrating a plethora of activities, such as wound healing, regenerative, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study aims to extend the current knowledge by investigating the effects of various A/S compounds on two model systems, namely on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The former constitutes an established in vitro model for investigating anti-obesity and insulin-mimetic properties, while the latter has been widely used as a model organism for studying fat accumulation, lifespan and the anthelmintic potential. A set of chemically well-defined A/S derivatives were screened for their effect on pre-adipocytes to assess cell toxicity, cell morphology, and cell differentiation. The differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes was examined upon treatment with A/S compounds in the presence/absence of insulin, aiming to establish a structure-activity relationship. The majority of A/S compounds induced cell proliferation at sub-micromolar concentrations. The ester derivatives exhibited higher IC50 values, and thus, proved to be less toxic to 3T3-L1 cells. The parent molecules, A and S tested at 1 μM resulted in a truncated differentiation with a reduced number of forming lipids, whereas compounds lacking the side chain hydroxyl group projected higher populations of mature adipocytes. In C. elegans mutant strain SS104, A/S enriched extracts were not able to inhibit the fat accumulation but resulted in a drastic shortage of survival. Thus, the set of A/S compounds were tested at 15 and 60 μg/ml in the wild-type strain N2 for their nematocidal activity, which is of relevance for the discovery of anthelmintic drugs. The most pronounced nematocidal activity was observed for naphthazarin and β,β-dimethyl-acryl-shikonin, followed by isovaleryl-shikonin. The latter 2 A/S esters were identified as the most abundant constituents in the mixture of A/S derivatives isolated from Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch. Taken together, the findings show that the structural variations in the moiety of A/S compounds significantly impact the modulation of their biological activities in both model systems investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios S Arampatzis
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Tsave
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Benjamin Kirchweger
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Zwirchmayr
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vassilios P Papageorgiou
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Judith M Rollinger
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreana N Assimopoulou
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
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β-Sitosterol-D-Glucopyranoside Mimics Estrogenic Properties and Stimulates Glucose Utilization in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113129. [PMID: 34073781 PMCID: PMC8197182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogenic molecules have been reported to regulate glucose homeostasis and may be beneficial for diabetes management. Here, we investigated the estrogenic effect of β-sitosterol-3-O-D-glucopyranoside (BSD), isolated from the fruits of Cupressus sempervirens and monitored its ability to regulate glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells. BSD stimulated ERE-mediated luciferase activity in both ERα and ERβ-ERE luc expression system with greater response through ERβ in HEK-293T cells, and induced the expression of estrogen-regulated genes in estrogen responsive MCF-7 cells. In silico docking and molecular interaction studies revealed the affinity and interaction of BSD with ERβ through hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond pairing. Furthermore, prolonged exposure of L6-GLUT4myc myotubes to BSD raised the glucose uptake under basal conditions without affecting the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the effect associated with enhanced translocation of GLUT4 to the cell periphery. The BSD-mediated biological response to increase GLUT4 translocation was obliterated by PI-3-K inhibitor wortmannin, and BSD significantly increased the phosphorylation of AKT (Ser-473). Moreover, BSD-induced GLUT4 translocation was prevented in the presence of fulvestrant. Our findings reveal the estrogenic activity of BSD to stimulate glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells via PI-3K/AKT-dependent mechanism.
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Sharma R, Srivastava T, Pandey AR, Mishra T, Gupta B, Reddy SS, Singh SP, Narender T, Tripathi A, Chandramouli B, Sashidhara KV, Priya S, Kumar N. Identification of Natural Products as Potential Pharmacological Chaperones for Protein Misfolding Diseases. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2146-2156. [PMID: 33760394 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Defective protein folding and accumulation of misfolded proteins is associated with neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, secretory, and metabolic disorders. Efforts are being made to identify small-molecule modulators or structural-correctors for conformationally destabilized proteins implicated in various protein aggregation diseases. Using a metastable-reporter-based primary screen, we evaluated pharmacological chaperone activity of a diverse class of natural products. We found that a flavonoid glycoside (C-10, chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) stabilizes metastable proteins, prevents its aggregation, and remodels the oligomers into protease-sensitive species. Data was corroborated with additional secondary screen with disease-specific pathogenic protein. In vitro and cell-based experiments showed that C-10 inhibits α-synuclein aggregation which is implicated in synucleinopathies-related neurodegeneration. C-10 interferes in its structural transition into β-sheeted fibrils and mitigates α-synuclein aggregation-associated cytotoxic effects. Computational modeling suggests that C-10 binds to unique sites in α-synuclein which may interfere in its aggregation amplification. These findings open an avenue for comprehensive SAR development for flavonoid glycosides as pharmacological chaperones for metastable and aggregation-prone proteins implicated in protein conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tulika Srivastava
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Alka Raj Pandey
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Tripti Mishra
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhagyashri Gupta
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Suriya P Singh
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Aradhya Tripathi
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Smriti Priya
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Niti Kumar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
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Saadeldeen FS, Niu Y, Wang H, Zhou L, Meng L, Chen S, Sun-Waterhouse D, Waterhouse GIN, Liu Z, Kang W. Natural products: Regulating glucose metabolism and improving insulin resistance. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yang W, Yang M, Yao H, Ma Y, Ren X, Teng L, Wang T. Protective role of arnebin-1 in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:1250-1263. [PMID: 30678506 PMCID: PMC6421396 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518813058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the effects of arnebin-1 on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed an HFD for 10 weeks and then treated with
arnebin-1 at a dose of 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/day by gavage for a further 12
weeks of a 22-week HFD. Peripheral blood and liver tissues were collected
for biochemical and histopathological examination. The mechanisms of
arnebin-1 on liver fibrosis and insulin resistance (IR) were determined by
Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Arnebin-1 treatment attenuated the increase of total cholesterol,
triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate
aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum and lipid
accumulation in the livers of HFD-fed rats. Furthermore, arnebin-1 abrogated
HFD-induced liver fibrosis and the increase of fibrotic biomarkers. The
HFD-induced decrease of hepatic proliferator-activated receptor γ and
pro-matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 levels and the increase of tissue
inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) levels were reversed after
arnebin-1. Arnebin-1 attenuated IR through activating the insulin receptor
substrate-1/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. Conclusion This study demonstrated that arnebin-1 ameliorates NAFLD, in part, by
attenuating hepatic fibrosis and IR, suggesting that arnebin-1 may be a
therapeutic agent for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minchun Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yelin Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuanxuan Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Long Teng
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhao P, Alam MB, Lee SH, Kim YJ, Lee S, An H, Choi HJ, Son HU, Park CH, Kim HH, Lee SH. Spatholobus suberectus Exhibits Antidiabetic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo through Activation of AKT-AMPK Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:6091923. [PMID: 28607575 PMCID: PMC5451887 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6091923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose deposition in peripheral tissue is an important parameter for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Spatholobus suberectus (Ss) on glucose disposal in skeletal muscle cells and additionally explore its in vivo antidiabetic potential. Treatment of ethanolic extract of S. suberectus (EeSs) significantly enhanced the glucose uptake, mediated through the enhanced expression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle via the stimulation of AKT and AMPK pathways in C2C12 cells. Moreover, EeSs have potential inhibitory action on α-glucosidase activity and significantly lowered the postprandial blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice, associated with increased expression of GLUT4 and AKT and/or AMPK-mediated signaling cascade in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, administration of EeSs significantly boosted up the antioxidant enzyme expression and also mitigated the gluconeogenesis enzyme such as PEPCK and G-6-Pase enzyme expression in liver tissue of STZ-induced diabetic mice model. Collectively, these findings suggest that EeSs have a high potentiality to mitigate diabetic symptoms through stimulating glucose uptake in peripheral tissue via the activation of AKT and AMPK signaling cascade and augmenting antioxidant potentiality as well as blocking the gluconeogenesis process in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-hyun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyan An
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-U Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
| | - Hyo-Hyun Kim
- MR Innovation Co., Ltd., Technopark, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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