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Alshehri MA, Seyed MA, Panneerselvam C, Sayed SM, Shukry M. Mechanistic insights into Retama raetam's anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in A549 lung cancer cells: targeting PI3K/Akt pathway and ROS production. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae137. [PMID: 39233844 PMCID: PMC11368664 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms behind the anti-cancer effects of the tropical desert plant Retama raetam (R. raetam) on the A549 NSCLC cell line. The research examined R. raetam's anti-proliferative effects, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell morphology in NSCLC A549 and L-132 cells. In addition, the influence of R. raetam on DNA fragmentation, apoptotic signaling, and PI3K/Akt pathways for its anti-cancer mechanism was examined. Our results indicated that R. raetam's effects were dose- and time-dependent to exhibit anti-proliferative effects on A549 cells. R. raetam treatment promoted apoptotic cell death cycle arrest, increased apoptotic cells, depolarized the mitochondrial membrane, and induced morphological alterations in cells and nuclei. It also inhibited A549 cell migration (P < 0.05), colonization, and invasiveness. Moreover, the study demonstrated that R. raetam treatment resulted in the upregulation of Bax expression, downregulation of Bcl-2 expression, and apoptotic fragmented DNA in A549 cells. The top five bioactive compounds derived from R. raetam exhibited molecular interactions that inhibit PIK3CA and AKT1. This inhibition leads to an increased frequency of apoptosis and subsequent death of cancer cells. Additionally, R. raetam extract induced an increase in ROS formation and cytochrome c levels, indicating that its toxic effects on A549 cells involve both ROS-dependent cytotoxicity through the disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential ΔΨm and ROS-independent cell cycle arrest through downregulation BCL-2, PARP, E-Cadherin, PI3K, and Akt expressions pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ali Seyed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chellasamy Panneerselvam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Biodiversity Genomics Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M Sayed
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Manickasamy MK, Kumar A, BharathwajChetty B, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Alqahtani A, Unnikrishnan J, Bishayee A, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Synergistic enhancement: Exploring the potential of piperine in cancer therapeutics through chemosensitization and combination therapies. Life Sci 2024; 354:122943. [PMID: 39117139 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in chemotherapy, effective treatments for advanced cancer stages remain largely elusive due to chemoresistance. Resistance to anticancer agents in cancer cells can arise through various mechanisms, including multi-drug resistance, inhibition of apoptosis, modification of drug targets, and enhancement of DNA repair capabilities. Consequently, there is a critical need for agents that can suppress the molecular signatures responsible for drug resistance. Piperine, an active alkaloid extracted from Piper nigrum L. (black pepper), is one such agent that has been extensively studied for its potential in addressing chronic diseases, including cancer. Piperine's antineoplastic properties are mediated through the regulation of numerous key cellular signaling pathways and the modulation of various biological processes. Its capability to enhance drug bioavailability and counteract mechanisms of drug resistance, such as the inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP-1), emphasizes its potential as an adjunct in cancer therapy. Research across various cancer types has demonstrated piperine's role in chemosensitization by targeting P-gp and MRP-1 and altering drug-metabolizing enzymes. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of piperine's pharmacological characteristics and its capacity to modulate several cellular signaling pathways involved in drug resistance. Furthermore, the review emphasizes how piperine, when used in conjunction with other chemotherapeutic agents or natural compounds, can enhance therapeutic effects, leading to improved outcomes in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Manickasamy
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Bandari BharathwajChetty
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athba Alqahtani
- Research Centre, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jyothsna Unnikrishnan
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, United States of America
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India.
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Alhudaithi SS, Abul Kalam M, Binobaid L, Ali R, Almutairi MM, Qamar W, Bin Hithlayn H, Almutairi A, Alshememry AK. Sorafenib and Piperine co-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: Development, characterization, and anti-cancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102064. [PMID: 38633710 PMCID: PMC11022100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits high mortality rates in the advanced stage (>90 %). Sorafenib (SORA) is a targeted therapy approved for the treatment of advanced HCC; however, the reported response rate to such a therapeutic is suboptimal (<3%). Piperine (PIP) is an alkaloid demonstrated to exert a direct tumoricidal activity in HCC and improve the pharmacokinetic profiles of anticancer drugs including SORA. In this study, we developed a strategy to improve efficacy outcomes in HCC using PIP as an add-on treatment to support the first-line therapy SORA using biodegradable Poly (D, L-Lactide-co-glycolide, PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). SORA and PIP (both exhibit low aqueous solubility) were co-loaded into PLGA NPs (PNPs) and stabilized with various concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The SORA and PIP-loaded PNPs (SP-PNPs) were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Release of these drugs from SP-PNPs was investigated in vitro at both physiological and acidic pH, and kinetic models were employed to assess the mechanism of drug release. The in vitro efficacy of SP-PNPs against HCC cells (HepG2) was also evaluated. FTIR and XRD analyses revealed that the drugs encapsulated in PNPs were in an amorphous state, with no observed chemical interactions among the drugs or excipients. Assessment of drug release in vitro at pH 5 and 7.4 showed that SORA and PIP loaded in PNPs with 0.5 % PVA were released in a sustained manner, unlike pure drugs, which exhibited relatively fast release. SP-PNPs with 0.5 % PVA were spherical, had an average size of 224 nm, and had a high encapsulation efficiency (SORA ∼ 82 %, PIP ∼ 79 %), as well as superior cytotoxicity compared to SORA monotherapy in vitro. These results suggest that combining PIP with SORA using PNPs may be an effective strategy for the treatment of HCC and may set the stage for a comprehensive in vivo study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this novel formulation using a murine HCC model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman S. Alhudaithi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Abul Kalam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Binobaid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajhul Qamar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hessa Bin Hithlayn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Almutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah K. Alshememry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Chen C, Cui D, Li J, Ren C, Yang D, Xiang P, Liu J. Organophosphorus Flame Retardant TPP-Induced Human Corneal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis through Caspase-Dependent Mitochondrial Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4155. [PMID: 38673741 PMCID: PMC11050068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A widely used organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), is frequently detected in various environmental media and humans. However, there is little known on the human corneal epithelium of health risk when exposed to TPP. In this study, human normal corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were used to investigate the cell viability, morphology, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential after they were exposed to TPP, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that TPP decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 220 μM. Furthermore, TPP significantly induced HCEC apoptosis, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose-dependent manner, and changed the mRNA levels of the apoptosis biomarker genes (Cyt c, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax). The results showed that TPP induced cytotoxicity in HCECs, eventually leading to apoptosis and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, the caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathways may be involved in TPP-induced HCEC apoptosis. This study provides a reference for the human corneal toxicity of TPP, indicating that the risks of OPFR to human health cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ping Xiang
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food Safety and Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.C.); (D.C.); (J.L.); (C.R.); (D.Y.)
| | - Jianxiang Liu
- Yunnan Province Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food Safety and Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (C.C.); (D.C.); (J.L.); (C.R.); (D.Y.)
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Umapathy VR, Dhanavel A, Kesavan R, Natarajan PM, S B, P V. Anticancer Potential of the Principal Constituent of Piper nigrum, Piperine: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e54425. [PMID: 38405638 PMCID: PMC10894018 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Black pepper's main component, piperine, is a phytochemical that gives the spice its distinctively pungent flavor, which has made it a staple in human diets for decades and a widely used food item. In addition to its use as a culinary component and preservation agent, it is also employed in traditional medicine for a diverse range of objectives, a practice that has been substantiated by existing scientific investigations on its physiological impacts in the majority of instances. Piperine contains various bioactive effects, such as antibacterial activity, in addition to several physiological benefits that could help overall human health, such as immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimetastatic, anticancer, and many more properties that have been established. Clinical trials revealed that this phytochemical has exceptional antioxidant, anticancer, and drug availability-enhancing properties, as well as immunomodulatory potential. The different components of evidence indicate the therapeutic potential of piperine and underscore the importance of incorporating it into both broad health-promoting interventions and supplementary treatment pharmaceutical formulations. This inclusion can enhance the bioavailability of other therapeutic medications, including those used in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Rekha Umapathy
- Public Health Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (MAHER), Chennai, IND
| | - Anandhi Dhanavel
- Biochemistry, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (MAHER), Chennai, IND
| | - R Kesavan
- Public Health Dentistry, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Bhuminathan S
- Public Health Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Vijayalakshmi P
- Biotechnology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, IND
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6
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Khamis AA, Ali EMM, Salim EI, El-Moneim MAA. Synergistic effects of bee venom, hesperidin, and piperine with tamoxifen on apoptotic and angiogenesis biomarker molecules against xerographic MCF-7 injected rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1510. [PMID: 38233443 PMCID: PMC10794414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer ranks as the second leading most significant of mortality for women. Studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of natural compounds in cancer treatment and prevention, either in isolation or in conjunction with chemotherapy. In order to improve Tamoxifen's therapeutic efficacy in in-vivo studies, our research sought to determine the effects of hesperidin, piperine, and bee venom as natural compounds, as well as their combination effect with or without Tamoxifen. First, 132 female albino rats were equally divided into six groups and five subgroups, and breast cancer was induced in the selected groups by xenografting of MCF7 cells. Second, the effect of single and best ratio combinations treatment from previous in vitro studies were selected. Next, tumorous mammary glands were collected for apoptotic and antiapoptotic biomarkers and cell cycle analysis. Single or combined natural products with or without Tamoxifen revealed a significant up-regulation in apoptotic genes Bax and Casp3 and a downregulation of antiapoptotic and angiogenesis genes Bcl-2 and VEGF genes. We found that cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase was exclusively caused by Tamoxifen and/ or hesperidin. However, the cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase is a result of the combination of piperine and bee venom, with or without Tamoxifen by using the flow cytometric technique. Our research concludes that bee venom, hesperidin, and piperine can synergistically enhance to increase Tamoxifen's efficiency in the management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Ehab M M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Elsayed I Salim
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abd El-Moneim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Al-Arish, North Sinai, Egypt
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Benayad S, Wahnou H, El Kebbaj R, Liagre B, Sol V, Oudghiri M, Saad EM, Duval RE, Limami Y. The Promise of Piperine in Cancer Chemoprevention. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5488. [PMID: 38001748 PMCID: PMC10670142 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer, characterized by the unregulated growth and dissemination of malignantly transformed cells, presents a significant global health challenge. The multistage process of cancer development involves intricate biochemical and genetic alterations within target cells. Cancer chemoprevention has emerged as a vital strategy to address this complex issue to mitigate cancer's impact on healthcare systems. This approach leverages pharmacologically active agents to block, suppress, prevent, or reverse invasive cancer development. Among these agents, piperine, an active alkaloid with a wide range of therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, has garnered attention for its potential in cancer prevention and treatment. This comprehensive review explores piperine's multifaceted role in inhibiting the molecular events and signaling pathways associated with various stages of cancer development, shedding light on its promising prospects as a versatile tool in cancer chemoprevention. Furthermore, the review will also delve into how piperine enhances the effectiveness of conventional treatments such as UV-phototherapy and TRAIL-based therapy, potentially synergizing with existing therapeutic modalities to provide more robust cancer management strategies. Finally, a crucial perspective of the long-term safety and potential side effects of piperine-based therapies and the need for clinical trials is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Benayad
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat 26000, Morocco; (S.B.); (R.E.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Hicham Wahnou
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20100, Morocco; (H.W.); (M.O.)
| | - Riad El Kebbaj
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat 26000, Morocco; (S.B.); (R.E.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Le Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l’Innovation en Santé (LABCiS), University Limoges, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (B.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Vincent Sol
- Le Laboratoire des Agroressources, Biomolécules et Chimie pour l’Innovation en Santé (LABCiS), University Limoges, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (B.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Mounia Oudghiri
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20100, Morocco; (H.W.); (M.O.)
| | - El Madani Saad
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat 26000, Morocco; (S.B.); (R.E.K.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Raphaël Emmanuel Duval
- The Franch Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Université de Lorraine, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Youness Limami
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat 26000, Morocco; (S.B.); (R.E.K.); (E.M.S.)
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20100, Morocco; (H.W.); (M.O.)
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Manogaran P, Anandan A, Vijaya Padma V. Isoliensinine augments the therapeutic potential of paclitaxel in multidrug-resistant colon cancer stem cells and induced mitochondria-mediated cell death. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23395. [PMID: 37424111 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Previously we have reported the isoliensinine (ISO) potentates the therapeutic potential of cisplatin in cisplatin resistant colorectal cancer stem cells. The present study evaluates the chemo-sensitizing potential of the combinatorial regimen of ISO and Paclitaxcel (PTX) on multidrug-resistant (MDR)-HCT-15 cells to reduce the dose requirement of both ISO and PTX. The results of the present study suggest that treatment with the combinatorial regimen of ISO and PTX enhanced the cytotoxic effect with resultant increase in apoptosis in MDR-HCT-15 cells as evident from the altered cellular morphology, G2/M cell cycle arrest, propidium iodide uptake, Annexin V, increased intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, diminished ATP production, PARP-1 cleavage, altered expression of ERK1/2, and apoptotic proteins. Treatment with combinatorial regimen of ISO and PTX also modulated the expression of the transcription factors SOX2, OCT4 which determine the stemness of cancer cells. Thus, results of the present study suggest that ISO and PTX combination regimen induces apoptosis in MDR-HCT-15 in a synergistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasath Manogaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Aparna Anandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Negi S, Chopra D, Shukla S, Vikram A, Patel SK, Bala L, Dwivedi A, Ray RS. Involvement of type-1 pathway in phototoxicity of benzo[ghi]perylenean ingredient of tattoo ink at ambient exposure of UVR and sunlight. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 244:112700. [PMID: 37229973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tattooing on different parts of the body is a very common fashion trend in all sections of society globally. Skin allergies and other related skin diseases are very common among tattoo users. Benzo[ghi]perylene (BP) is a PAH and an important component of tattoo ink that showed prominent absorption under ultraviolet radiation (UVR) region. Therefore, to provide safety to the skin, a thorough safety study of BP exposed under UVR and Sunlight is very essential to understand their hazardous impact on the skin. BP showed a strong absorption of UVA and UVB radiation of sunlight. It is photolabile and degraded under UVA, UVB, and Sunlight in progressing order of time (1-4 h) without generating any novel photoproducts. Further, BP showed a specific generation of O2.- and OH radicals via activation of type I photodynamic reaction under exposure to UVA, UVB and Sunlight. Photocytotoxicity results illustrated concentration-dependent cell viability reduction in all exposure conditions of UVA, UVB, and Sunlight, respectively. Fluorescent probes (2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and dihydroethidium) for intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation supported the involvement of ROS in the phototoxicity of BP in the HaCaT cell line. Hoechst staining showed significant genomic insult induced by BP under UVA and UVB. Photoexcited BP promoted cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and induced apoptosis confirmed via acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. The findings of gene expression also supported apoptotic cell death in photoexcited BP via an increase in the level of pro-apoptotic gene (Bax) and a decrease in the level of anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2). The aforementioned finding indicates that tattoo users should avoid using BP since it can cause skin damage/diseases if they are exposed to UVR or Sunlight while tattooing on the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Negi
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepti Chopra
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saumya Shukla
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Apeksha Vikram
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Patel
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lakshmi Bala
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Dwivedi
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ratan Singh Ray
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Kaur H, Singh A, Kaur K, Kumar A, Attri S, Rashid F, Singh S, Bedi N, Tuli HS, Haque S, Alkuwaity K, Tashkandi HM, Harakeh S, Arora S. 4-methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate synergize the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of paclitaxel in human breast cancer cells. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-25. [PMID: 36683273 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2162232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is considered as a major obstacle in achieving an effective treatment of breast cancer. Paclitaxel has been used to treat cancers of the cervical, breast, ovarian and brain but MDR limits its therapeutic potential. Phytochemicals have received much interest in recent decades especially in combination approaches to tackle MDR due to their negligible harm to healthy cells and synergistic potential. Considering this notion, the present study aimed at investigating the synergistic activity of 4-MTBITC and PTX against a panel of breast cancer cells. Our results revealed that the combination had a significant antiproliferative activity against T-47D cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that 4-MTBITC and PTX also promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. In the presence of 4-MTBITC- PTX, T-47D cells were found to be arrested in the G2/M phase which also confirmed the enhancement of late apoptotic cell population in the flow cytometer analysis. In western blot experiment, the combination had a significant decrease in Bcl-xl protein level, whereas a higher level of p53, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 proteins compared to individual treatment in T-47D cells. The RT-qPCR analysis also showed that the combination had significant upregulation in the gene expression of p53, cytochrome-c, Apaf-1 and downregulation in the expression of Bcl-2 gene in T-47D cells. Hence, all the results showed that a combination of 4-MTBITC-PTX significantly enhanced the apoptosis pathway in the T-47D cell line which indicates its clinical application for the treatment of breast cancer.Abbreviations: Apaf-1: Apoptotic protease activating factor 1; AO/EB: Acridine orange/ethidium bromide; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CI: Combination Index; Cyt-c: Cytochrome c; CO2: Carbon dioxide; DCFH-DA 2,7-Dichloroflourescein diacetate; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; EA: Early apoptosis; EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; L929: Normal mouse fibroblast cells; LA: Late apoptosis; L: Live; 4-MTBITC: 4-methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate; MCF-7: Human breast cancer cells; MDA-MB-231: Human triple negative breast cancer cells; MMP: Mitochondria membrane potential; MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte-trazolium bromide; NCCS: National Centre for Cell Science; N: Necrotic; PTX Paclitaxel; PVDF: Polyvinylidene fluoride; PAGE: Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; RPMI-1640: Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium- 1640; RT-qPCR: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; Rh-123: Rhodamine123; g Relative centrifugal force; SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulphate; SEM: Scanning electron microscopy; T-47D: Human estrogen positive breast cancer cells; WB: Western blotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harneetpal Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Shivani Attri
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Farhana Rashid
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sharabjit Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Neena Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalil Alkuwaity
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa M Tashkandi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center and Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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11
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Huang M, Luo J, Ji X, Hu M, Xue Y, Liu Q. Deficiency of tumor-expressed B7-H3 augments anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD-L1 monotherapy rather than the combined chemoimmunotherapy in ovarian cancer. Pharmacol Res 2022; 186:106512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Yousef RG, Eldehna WM, Elwan A, Abdelaziz AS, Mehany ABM, Gobaara IMM, Alsfouk BA, Elkaeed EB, Metwaly AM, Eissa IH. Design, Synthesis, In Silico and In Vitro Studies of New Immunomodulatory Anticancer Nicotinamide Derivatives Targeting VEGFR-2. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134079. [PMID: 35807326 PMCID: PMC9268560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
VEGFR-2, the subtype receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) responsible for angiogenesis, is expressed in various cancer cells. Thus, VEGFER-2 inhibition is an efficient approach for the discovery of new anticancer agents. Accordingly, a new set of nicotinamide derivatives were designed and synthesized to be VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The chemical structures were confirmed using IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The obtained compounds were examined for their anti-proliferative activities against the human cancer cell lines (HCT-116 and HepG2). VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities were determined for the titled compounds. Compound 8 exhibited the strongest anti-proliferative activities with IC50 values of 5.4 and 7.1 µM against HCT-116 and HepG2, respectively. Interestingly, compound 8 was the most potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 77.02 nM (compare to sorafenib: IC50 = 53.65 nM). Treatment of HCT-116 cells with compound 8 produced arrest of the cell cycle at the G0–G1 phase and a total apoptosis increase from 3.05 to 19.82%—6.5-fold in comparison to the negative control. In addition, compound 8 caused significant increases in the expression levels of caspase-8 (9.4-fold) and Bax (9.2-fold), and a significant decrease in the Bcl-2 expression level (3-fold). The effects of compound 8 on the levels of the immunomodulatory proteins (TNF-α and IL-6) were examined. There was a marked decrease in the level of TNF-α (92.37%) compared to the control (82.47%) and a non-significant reduction in the level of IL-6. In silico docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and MM-PBSA studies revealed the high affinity, the correct binding, and the optimum dynamics of compound 8 inside the active site of VEGFR-2. Finally, in silico ADMET and toxicity studies indicated acceptable values of drug-likeness. In conclusion, compound 8 has emerged as a promising anti-proliferative agent targeting VEGFR-2 with significant apoptotic and immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda G. Yousef
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (R.G.Y.); (A.E.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Alaa Elwan
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (R.G.Y.); (A.E.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abdelaziz S. Abdelaziz
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (R.G.Y.); (A.E.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Ahmed B. M. Mehany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.B.M.M.); (I.M.M.G.)
| | - Ibraheem M. M. Gobaara
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.B.M.M.); (I.M.M.G.)
| | - Bshra A. Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (I.H.E.)
| | - Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (R.G.Y.); (A.E.); (A.S.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); (I.H.E.)
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13
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Synergistic effects of natural compounds and conventional chemotherapeutic agents: recent insights for the development of cancer treatment strategies. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09519. [PMID: 35669542 PMCID: PMC9163513 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Chemotherapy is presented as an option for treatment of this disease, however, low specificity, high resistance rates, toxicity and hypersensitivity reactions, make it necessary to search for therapeutic alternatives that increase the selectivity of treatment, reduce the side effects and enhance its antitumor potential. Natural products are accessible, inexpensive and less toxic sources; in addition, they have multiple mechanisms of action that can potentiate the outcome of chemotherapeutics. In this review, we present evidence on the beneficial effect of the interaction of dietary phytochemicals with chemotherapeutical agents for cancer treatment. This effect is generated by different mechanisms of action such as, increased tumoricidal effect via sensitization of cancer cells, reversing chemoresistance through inhibition of several targets involved in the development of drug resistance and, decreasing chemotherapy-induced toxicity in non-tumoral cells by the promotion of repair mechanisms. Studies discussed in this review will provide a solid basis for the exploration of the potential use of natural products in combination with chemotherapeutical agents, to overcome some of the difficulties that arise in the management of cancer patients.
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14
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Shukla S, Chopra D, Patel SK, Negi S, Srivastav AK, Ch R, Bala L, Dwivedi A, Ray RS. Superoxide anion radical induced phototoxicity of 2,4,5,6-Tetraminopyrimidine sulfate via mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human skin keratinocytes at ambient UVR exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:112990. [PMID: 35398180 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
2,4,5,6-Tetraaminopyrimidine sulfate (TAPS) is worldwide the most commonly used developer in hair dyes. As skin is the major organ, which is directly exposed to these permanent hair dyes, a comprehensive dermal safety assessment is needed. Hereto, we studied the photosensitization potential and mechanism involved in dermal phototoxicity of TAPS exposed to the dark and UVA/UVB/Sunlight by using different in-chemico and mammalian (HaCaT) cells, as test systems. Our experimental outcomes illustrate that TAPS get photodegraded (LC-MS/MS) and specifically generated superoxide anion radical (O2•-) under UVA and UVB via type-I photodynamic reaction. The phototoxic potential of TAPS is measured through MTT, NRU, and LDH assays that depicted a significant reduction in cell viability at the concentration of 25 μg/ml and higher. Different cellular stainings (PI uptake, AO/EB, JC-1, NR uptake) suggested the role of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Further, the transcriptomics study revealed upregulation of Apaf-1, Bax, Caspase 3, Caspase 9, Cytochrome c and downregulation of Bcl-2 and Catalase by TAPS treated cells that strengthen our findings. Thus, the above findings suggest that chronic application of TAPS may be hazardous for human skin and promote various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Shukla
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepti Chopra
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Patel
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Negi
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajeet K Srivastav
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratnasekhar Ch
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Kukrail, Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lakshmi Bala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Dwivedi
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ratan Singh Ray
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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15
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Shi H, Zeng Q, Wei Y, Yang H, Tang H, Wang D, Pu P, Feng R. Canagliflozin is a potential cardioprotective drug but exerts no significant effects on pirarubicin‑induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:703. [PMID: 34368866 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pirarubicin (THP), one of the anthracycline anticancer drugs, is widely used in the treatment of various types of cancer, but its cardiotoxicity cannot be ignored. Canagliflozin, the first sodium‑glucose co‑transporter‑2 inhibitor approved by the USA FDA, has been shown to have a significant effect on cardiovascular damage caused by diabetes. However, it has not been reported whether it can resist THP‑induced cardiotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of canagliflozin on THP‑induced cardiotoxicity and its mechanism. A rat model of cardiotoxicity induced by THP was established and canagliflozin treatment was performed at the same time. The changes of electrocardiography, cardiac coefficient and echocardiogram were observed. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase, brain natriuretic peptide, creatine kinase MB, cardiac troponin T, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde were detected. The expression of SOD2, NADPH oxidase 2, pro/cleaved‑caspase‑ and Bcl‑2/Bax were evaluated by western blotting. The primary culture of cardiomyocytes was prepared to explore the effect in vitro. After eight weeks, a series of cardiotoxicity manifestations were observed in THP rats. However, canagliflozin treatment had no significant effect on the above adverse reactions. Similarly, further studies showed that canagliflozin had no significant effect on THP‑induced cardiomyocyte injury in vitro. The present study showed that there was no significant protective effect of canagliflozin on THP‑induced cardiotoxicity and cardiomyocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
| | - Qingfu Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yunjie Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Heng Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400020, P.R. China
| | - Peng Pu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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16
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Wang F, Dai Y, Huang M, Zhang C, Huang L, Wang H, Ye L, Wu Q, Zhang X, Zhu Q. Glomerular Damage in Trichloroethylene-Sensitized Mice: Targeting Cathepsin L-Induced Hyperactive mTOR Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639878. [PMID: 34393767 PMCID: PMC8358928 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a serious health hazard for workers with daily exposure, causing occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis due to TCE (OMDT) and glomerular damage. Recent studies suggest that mTORC1 signaling is activated in various glomerular disorders; however, the role of mTORC1 signaling in TCE-induced glomerular damage remains to be explored. In the present study, 6 OMDT patients were enrolled and a TCE-sensitized mouse model was established to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying the glomerular damage associated with OMDT. Glomerular damage was assessed by levels of urine nephrin, H&E staining, and renal function test. Ultrastructural change of podocyte was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The podocyte-related molecules including nephrin, α-actinin-4, and integrin β1 were visualized by immunofluorescence. The activation of mTORC1 signaling was confirmed by Western blot. Glomerular apoptosis was examined by the TUNEL test and Western blotting. Expression and location of cathepsin L (CTSL) were assessed by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Our results showed that TCE sensitization caused damage to glomerular structural integrity and also increased the activation of mTORC1 signaling, which was accompanied by podocyte loss, hypertrophy, and glomerular apoptosis. Importantly, we also found that over-expressed CTSL was mainly located in podocyte and CTSL inhibition could partially block the activation of mTORC1 signaling. Thus, our findings suggested a novel mechanism whereby hyperactive mTOR signaling contributes to TCE sensitization–induced and immune-mediated glomerular damage via CTSL activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuying Dai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liangping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qifeng Wu
- Poison Control Center, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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17
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Liu X, Xu Y, Cheng S, Zhou X, Zhou F, He P, Hu F, Zhang L, Chen Y, Jia Y. Geniposide Combined With Notoginsenoside R1 Attenuates Inflammation and Apoptosis in Atherosclerosis via the AMPK/mTOR/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:687394. [PMID: 34305600 PMCID: PMC8293676 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.687394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells play a key role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis (AS), and the AMPK/mTOR/Nrf2 signaling pathway plays an important role in alleviating the symptoms of AS. Geniposide combined with notoginsenoside R1 (GN combination) is a patented supplement for the prevention and treatment of AS. It has been proven to improve blood lipid levels and inhibit the formation of AS plaques; however, it is still unclear whether GN combination can inhibit inflammation and apoptosis in AS by regulating the AMPK/mTOR/Nrf2 signaling pathway and its downstream signals. Our results confirmed that the GN combination could improve blood lipid levels and plaque formation in ApoE−/− mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), inhibit the secretion of serum inflammatory factors and oxidative stress factors. It also decreased the expression of pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-related protein and Bax/Bcl2/caspase-3 pathway-related proteins. At the same time, the GN combination could also inhibit the H2O2-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which is mainly related to the activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway by GN combination, which in turn induces the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signal. In addition, the above phenomenon could be significantly reversed by dorsomorphin. Therefore, our experiments proved for the first time that the GN combination can effectively inhibit AS inflammation and apoptosis by activating the AMPK/mTOR/Nrf2 signaling pathway to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and Bax/Bcl2/caspase-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Xu
- College of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Saibo Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peikun He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Network pharmacology-based evaluation of natural compounds with paclitaxel for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 423:115576. [PMID: 34000264 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is a prevalent life-threatening disease. Paclitaxel (PTX) is widely used in metastatic breast cancer therapy, but the side effects limit its chemotherapeutic application. Multidrug strategies have recently been used to maximize potency and decrease the toxicity of a particular drug by reducing its dosage. Therefore, we have evaluated the combined anti-cancerous effect of PTX with tested natural compounds (andrographolide (AND), silibinin (SIL), mimosine (MIM) and trans-anethole (TA)) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, trypan blue dye exclusion assay, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining, network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) and in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis assay. We observed a reduction in the IC50 value of PTX with tested natural compounds. Further, the network pharmacology-based analysis of compound-disease-target (C-D-T) network showed that PTX, AND, SIL, MIM and TA targeted 55, 61, 56, 31 and 18 proteins of metastatic breast cancer, respectively. Molecular docking results indicated that AND and SIL inhibited the C-D-T network's core target kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) protein more effectively than others. While MD showed that the binding of AND with KDR was stronger and more stable than others. In trypan blue dye exclusion assay and PCNA staining, AND and SIL along with PTX were found to be more effective than PTX alone. CAM assay results suggested that AND, SIL and TA increase the anti-angiogenic potential of PTX. Thus, natural compounds can be used to improve the anti-cancer potential of PTX.
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Fattah A, Morovati A, Niknam Z, Mashouri L, Asadi A, Rizi ST, Abbasi M, Shakeri F, Abazari O. The Synergistic Combination of Cisplatin and Piperine Induces Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cell Line. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:1037-1047. [PMID: 34183962 PMCID: PMC8223570 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i5.6121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Piperine is a natural compound obtained from the Piper nigrum that exhibits anti-proliferative and anti-cancer activity in cancer cell lines. We analyzed the cytotoxic effect of piperine combined with cisplatin compound in the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and the underlying mechanism. Methods The present in vitro study was performed on MCF-7 cell line in Jahrom University of Medical Sciences between, Jahrom, Iran from 2016 to 2017. Cultured MCF-7 cells were seeded into four groups: a control group (untreated group), a group treated with cisplatin, a group treated with piperine and a group treated with cisplatin and piperine. Cell viability was analyzed using the MTT assay method. Flow c-ytometric analysis was investigated for apoptosis. The mRNA and protein expression of the apoptotic regulators p53, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3 and caspase 9 were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting analysis. Results Piperine (20 and 30 μM) in combination with cisplatin (5, 10 and 15 μM) for 24 h synergistically inhibited cell viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells more than piperine and cisplatin used alone. Synergistic anti-breast cancer activities cisplatin (5 μM) and piperine (20 μM) were via inducing apoptosis. Piperine (20 μM) and cisplatin (5 μM) for 24 h induce apoptosis strongly through reduction of Bcl-2 and increase of caspase 3, p53, caspase 9, and Bax. Conclusion Piperine in combination with cisplatin could trigger p53-mediated apoptosis more effective than cisplatin alone in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, reducing the toxic dose of cisplatin used in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Fattah
- Research Center for Health Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Morovati
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Niknam
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapor University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ladan Mashouri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amirhooman Asadi
- Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shirin Tvangar Rizi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Abbasi
- Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.,Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shakeri
- Nursing and Midwifery Department, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Omid Abazari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
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Wojtowicz K, Sterzyńska K, Świerczewska M, Nowicki M, Zabel M, Januchowski R. Piperine Targets Different Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines Leading to Increased Sensitivity to Cytotoxic Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084243. [PMID: 33921897 PMCID: PMC8073496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to examine the anticancer effects of piperine against the resistant human ovarian cancer cells and to explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for its anticancer effects. Our study used drug-sensitive ovarian cancer cell line W1 and its sublines resistant to paclitaxel (PAC) and topotecan (TOP). We analyzed the cytotoxic effect of piperine and cytostatic drugs using an MTT assay. The impact of piperine on protein expression was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blot. We also examined its effect on cell proliferation and migration. We noticed a different level of piperine resistance between cell lines. Piperine increases the cytotoxic effect of PAC and TOP in drug-resistant cells. We observed an increase in PTPRK expression correlated with decreased pTYR level after piperine treatment and downregulation of P-gp and BCRP expression. We also noted a decrease in COL3A1 and TGFBI expression in investigated cell lines and increased COL3A1 expression in media from W1PR2 cells. The expression of Ki67 protein and cell proliferation rate decreased after piperine treatment. Piperine markedly inhibited W1TR cell migration. Piperine can be considered a potential anticancer agent that can increase chemotherapy effectiveness in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wojtowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.S.); (M.Ś.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (R.J.)
| | - Karolina Sterzyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.S.); (M.Ś.); (M.N.)
| | - Monika Świerczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.S.); (M.Ś.); (M.N.)
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.S.); (M.Ś.); (M.N.)
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyty 28 St., 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland;
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 6a St., 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Januchowski
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyty 28 St., 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland;
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (R.J.)
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21
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Panji M, Behmard V, Zare Z, Malekpour M, Nejadbiglari H, Yavari S, Nayerpour Dizaj T, Safaeian A, Bakhshi A, Abazari O, Abbasi M, Khanicheragh P, Shabanzadeh M. Synergistic effects of green tea extract and paclitaxel in the induction of mitochondrial apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines. Gene 2021; 787:145638. [PMID: 33848578 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green tea is a natural compound with anti-neoplastic properties. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a natural anti-tumor medication used to manage patients with advanced ovarian cancer. This manuscript evaluated the cytotoxic effects of green tea extract combined with PTX drug in two human ovarian cancer cell lines (p53-negative cell line, SKOV-3; and mutant type p53 cell line, OVCAR-3) and underlying mechanisms. METHODS The human ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with green tea extract, PTX, and green tea plus PTX for 24 h, and cell viability was assessed using the MTT method. Flow cytometric analyses were carried out to detect apoptosis. For the apoptotic process, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting analysis were applied to study pAkt, Bax, Bcl-2, Cytochrome C (Cyt-C), cleaved-caspase-3, and cleaved-caspase-9 levels after drug treatments. RESULTS Our results pointed out that various green tea (25 and 50 µg/ml) concentrations combined with PTX (20 and 40 µg/ml) synergistically inhibited cell viability of cancer cells more than green tea or PTX alone after 24 h of treatment. Also, green tea and PTX combination induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by blocking the phosphorylation of Akt and the expression of Bcl-2 while inducing Bax, Cyt-C, cleaved-caspase 3, and cleaved-caspase 9. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the combination of green tea and PTX could be more potent than the individual drug to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Panji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Behmard
- Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery, School of Medical, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Zahra Zare
- Department of Biology, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Nejadbiglari
- Department of Nursing, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Saeede Yavari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tina Nayerpour Dizaj
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Modern Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Safaeian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughy University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Bakhshi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Omid Abazari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Abbasi
- Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran; Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Khanicheragh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Maryam Shabanzadeh
- Department of Medical Radiation, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
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Woźniak M, Krajewski R, Makuch S, Agrawal S. Phytochemicals in Gynecological Cancer Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1219. [PMID: 33530651 PMCID: PMC7865323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancer confers an enormous burden among women worldwide. Accumulating evidence points to the role of phytochemicals in preventing cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. Experimental studies emphasize the chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of plant-derived substances by inhibiting the early stages of carcinogenesis or improving the efficacy of traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover, a number of epidemiological studies have investigated associations between a plant-based diet and cancer risk. This literature review summarizes the current knowledge on the phytochemicals with proven antitumor activity, emphasizing their effectiveness and mechanism of action in gynecological cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Woźniak
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Rafał Krajewski
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Makuch
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Siddarth Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.W.); (S.M.)
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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23
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Turrini E, Sestili P, Fimognari C. Overview of the Anticancer Potential of the "King of Spices" Piper nigrum and Its Main Constituent Piperine. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E747. [PMID: 33256185 PMCID: PMC7761056 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main limits of current anticancer therapy are relapses, chemoresistance, and toxic effects resulting from its poor selectivity towards cancer cells that severely impair a patient's quality of life. Therefore, the discovery of new anticancer drugs remains an urgent challenge. Natural products represent an excellent opportunity due to their ability to target heterogenous populations of cancer cells and regulate several key pathways involved in cancer development, and their favorable toxicological profile. Piper nigrum is one of the most popular spices in the world, with growing fame as a source of bioactive molecules with pharmacological properties. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the anticancer potential of Piper nigrum and its major active constituents-not limited to the well-known piperine-whose undeniable anticancer properties have been reported for different cancer cell lines and animal models. Moreover, the chemosensitizing effects of Piper nigrum in association with traditional anticancer drugs are depicted and its toxicological profile is outlined. Despite the promising results, human studies are missing, which are crucial for supporting the efficacy and safety of Piper nigrum and its single components in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Turrini
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Via I Maggetti 26, 61029 Urbino, Italy;
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
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24
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Cai HA, Tao X, Zheng LJ, Huang L, Peng Y, Liao RY, Zhu YM. Ozone alleviates ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:975-984. [PMID: 31880362 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries are common and often cause severe complications. Ozone has been applied for protecting I/R injury in animal models of several organs including cerebra, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase measurement were used to determine the influence of ozone on cell activity and damage of SH-SY5Y cells. Some redox items such as catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) was determined by JC-1 assay. Cytochrome-c (cyt-c) level in the cytoplasm and mitochondrion was measured by western blotting. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, and some apoptosis-related molecules were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Ozone alleviated oxidative damage by increasing GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, and decreasing MDA. Ozone decreased mitochondrial damage caused by I/R injury and inhibited the release of cyt-c from mitochondrion to cytoplasm in SH-SY5Y cells. The cell apoptosis caused by I/R was inhibited by ozone, and ozone could decrease apoptosis by increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and inhibiting caspase signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Ozone has the ability of maintaining redox homeostasis, decreasing mitochondrion damage, and inhibiting neurocytes apoptosis induced by I/R. Therefore, ozone may be a promising protective strategy against cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-An Cai
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410016, P.R. China
| | - Xi Tao
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410016, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410016, P.R. China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410016, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Yi Liao
- Department of Nursing, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Min Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Changsha, 410005, P.R. China
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25
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Morsy M, El-Daly M, Abu Shnaf AM, Mansour S, N. Ibrahim A. Protective mechanisms of piperine against renal ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_586_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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26
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Ding Y, Ding Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Gao M, Xu Y, Ma X, Wu J, Li L. Soluplus ®/TPGS mixed micelles for co-delivery of docetaxel and piperine for combination cancer therapy. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:107-115. [PMID: 31603017 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1679834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, mixed micelles of Soluplus® and TPGS were developed for co-administering docetaxel (DTX) and piperine (PIP) for exerting the synergistic effect, which increased the cytotoxicity and improved the anti-cancer activity in HepG2 cell lines compared to free DTX. These in vitro (MTT assay, intracellular uptake of micelles) and in vivo (pharmacokinetic study, immunostaining, TUNEL analysis) studies exhibited the advantages of co-delivery of anticancer drugs with Soluplus®/TPGS by mixed micelles and furthermore established that co-delivery of DTX and PIP via the mixed micelles of Soluplus®/TPGS could be a promising strategy for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Ding
- School of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yingying Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yutong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Meng Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Youwei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Jianping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.,Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
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Li X, Li Q, Jin X, Guo H, Li Y. Long non-coding RNA H19 knockdown inhibits the cell viability and promotes apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells through regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1863-1869. [PMID: 31410148 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain long non-coding (lnc)RNAs have been reported to serve important roles in the genesis and progression of thyroid cancer (TC). Recent studies have demonstrated that the expression of lncRNA H19 is upregulated in TC tissues; however, knowledge of the associated molecular mechanisms is limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the roles of H19 in TC. The mRNA expression of lncRNA H19 in TC tissues was determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, and the effects of H19 knockdown on cell viability and apoptosis in vitro were assessed using MTT and flow cytometric assays, respectively. Finally, the signaling pathways involved in the effects of H19 were examined. The results indicated that H19 was upregulated in TC tissues. Silencing of H19 inhibited the cell viability and promoted apoptosis of FTC-133 and TPC-1 TC cells, accompanied by an increased expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein and caspase 3, and repressed expression of Bcl-2. The results of western blot analysis suggested that the levels of phosphorylated phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated AKT were attenuated by H19 silencing. These results suggest that lncRNA H19 exerts an oncogenic function in TC, in part through the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Qinghuai Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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Anticancer Activities of Thymus vulgaris L. in Experimental Breast Carcinoma in Vivo and in Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071749. [PMID: 30970626 PMCID: PMC6479806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally-occurring mixtures of phytochemicals present in plant foods are proposed to possess tumor-suppressive activities. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the antitumor effects of Thymus vulgaris L. in in vivo and in vitro mammary carcinoma models. Dried T. vulgaris (as haulm) was continuously administered at two concentrations of 0.1% and 1% in the diet in a chemically-induced rat mammary carcinomas model and a syngeneic 4T1 mouse model. After autopsy, histopathological and molecular analyses of rodent mammary carcinomas were performed. In addition, in vitro evaluations using MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were carried out. In mice, T. vulgaris at both doses reduced the volume of 4T1 tumors by 85% (0.1%) and 84% (1%) compared to the control, respectively. Moreover, treated tumors showed a substantial decrease in necrosis/tumor area ratio and mitotic activity index. In the rat model, T. vulgaris (1%) decreased the tumor frequency by 53% compared to the control. Analysis of the mechanisms of anticancer action included well-described and validated diagnostic and prognostic markers that are used in both clinical approach and preclinical research. In this regard, the analyses of treated rat carcinoma cells showed a CD44 and ALDH1A1 expression decrease and Bax expression increase. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and VEGFR-2 expression were decreased in rat carcinomas in both the T. vulgaris treated groups. Regarding the evaluations of epigenetic changes in rat tumors, we found a decrease in the lysine methylation status of H3K4me3 in both treated groups (H3K9m3, H4K20m3, and H4K16ac were not changed); up-regulations of miR22, miR34a, and miR210 expressions (only at higher doses); and significant reductions in the methylation status of four gene promoters—ATM serin/threonine kinase, also known as the NPAT gene (ATM); Ras-association domain family 1, isoform A (RASSF1); phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN); and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) (the paired-like homeodomain transcription factor (PITX2) promoter was not changed). In vitro study revealed the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of essential oils of T. vulgaris in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells (analyses of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS); 5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine (BrdU); cell cycle; annexin V/PI; caspase-3/7; Bcl-2; PARP; and mitochondrial membrane potential). T. vulgaris L. demonstrated significant chemopreventive and therapeutic activities against experimental breast carcinoma.
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Biochemical and Biological Profile of Parotoid Secretion of the Amazonian Rhinella marina (Anura: Bufonidae). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2492315. [PMID: 31214612 PMCID: PMC6535847 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2492315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skin secretions of frogs have a high chemical complexity. They have diverse types of biomolecules, such as proteins, peptides, biogenic amines, and alkaloids. These compounds protect amphibians' skin against growth of bacteria, fungi, and protozoa and participate in defense system against attack from predators. Therewith, this work performed biochemical and biological profile of macroglands parotoid secretion from cane toad. For poison analysis, we performed molecular exclusion and reverse phase chromatography, electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, leishmanicidal, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and inflammatory activity of crude and/or fractions of R. marina secretion were also evaluated. Fractionation prior to filtration from poison showed separation of low mass content (steroids and alkaloids) and high molecular mass (protein). Material below 10 kDa two steroids, marinobufagin and desacetylcinobufagin, was detected. Crude extract and fractions were active against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania guyanensis, and Leishmania braziliensis. Crude extract was also active against cancer cells although it was not cytotoxic for normal cells. This extract did not show significant DNA damage but it showed an important inflammatory effect in vivo. The information obtained in this work contributes to the understanding of the constituents of R. marina secretion as well as the bioactive potential of these molecules.
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Wang L, Li X, Wang B. The cytotoxicity activity of Hohenbuehelia serotina polyphenols on HeLa cells via induction of cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 124:239-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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AlBasher G, AlKahtane AA, Alarifi S, Ali D, Alessia MS, Almeer RS, Abdel-Daim MM, Al-Sultan NK, Al-Qahtani AA, Ali H, Alkahtani S. Methotrexate-induced apoptosis in human ovarian adenocarcinoma SKOV-3 cells via ROS-mediated bax/bcl-2-cyt-c release cascading. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 12:21-30. [PMID: 30588027 PMCID: PMC6301295 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s178510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The communication between a substance and a cell may depend on whether the cell is normal or pathological. The disease cells and drug interaction may occasionally overcome beneficial action of the drug; subsequently, it is important to investigate the effect of the drug in both the normal and target cells. This study aimed to evaluate the methotrexate (MTX) antiproliferative effect and explore the mechanistic approach to investigate the cell death index in SKOV-3 ovarian cells during treatment with MTX. Methods In vitro studies of SKOV-3 cells were examined by tetrazolium assay after exposure to various concentrations of MTX. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA damage, and AO/EtBr staining morphological analysis of necrotic/apoptotic cells were detected; cellular impairment in mitochondria and DNA was confirmed by JC-1 mitotracker/DAPI, respectively, and cell death pathway markers; bax/bcl-2 were analyzed. Results A dose-dependent antiproliferative effect of MTX treatment was observed in SKOV-3 cells; the prominent inhibitory concentration was 40 µM of MTX (P<0.01). The growth inhibition rates of the cancer cells reached 24.07% in MTX. The MTX showed increase in ROS generation and mitochondrial depolarization, and DNA integrity cells collectively advocated the apoptotic cell death at higher concentration. In addition, the results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction also supported the apoptosis by upregulating the bax and downregulating the bcl-2 (P<0.01). Thus the MTX moderately provokes apoptosis. Conclusion Our findings suggest that MTX acts on SKOV-3 cancer cells by increasing intracellular ROS levels, leading to DNA damage and altering the MMP along with apoptotic gene upregulation. This mechanism may provide new therapeutic targets to improve tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadah AlBasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A AlKahtane
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Alessia
- Department of Biology, Science College, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud, Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafa S Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nouf K Al-Sultan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Ali
- Department of Chemistry Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India,
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Qi J, Yao Q, Qian K, Tian L, Cheng Z, Wang Y. Gallium(III) complexes of α- N -heterocyclic piperidylthiosemicarbazones: Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, cellular uptake and activation of caspases-3/7/9. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 186:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Khamis AAA, Ali EMM, El-Moneim MAA, Abd-Alhaseeb MM, El-Magd MA, Salim EI. Hesperidin, piperine and bee venom synergistically potentiate the anticancer effect of tamoxifen against breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:1335-1343. [PMID: 30021371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer treatment, breast cancer remains one of the main life threatening diseases in women. Most anti-breast cancer drugs cause severe health complications and multidrug resistance. Although, some natural products, such as hesperidin (Hes), piperine (Pip) and bee venom (BV), showed anti-breast cancer effect when used separately, their combined effect together or with the anti-cancer drug tamoxifen (Tam) has not yet been studied. Herein, we hypothesized that these three natural products could potentiate the therapeutic effect of Tam when used together. First, we studied the cytotoxic effect of Hes, Pip, and BV on MCF7 and T47D cells using MTT assay and found reasonable IC50 comparable to that of Tam. Second, we checked the effect of all combinations (n = 67 for each cell line, prepared as non-constant ratio from fractions of IC50 of the four compounds) and found enhanced anti-proliferative effects on MCF7 and T47D and synergistic effect, revealed by combination index (CI) values below one. Next, the best 5 combinations with lowest Tam doses and CI but with highest cell death were selected for further molecular analysis in comparison to single-drug treatment. All single- and combined-treated groups showed a significant increase in apoptosis (indicated by upregulated mRNA level of the pro-apoptotic marker Bax and downregulated mRNA level of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl2) and a significant decrease in mRNA level of the two breast cancer related receptors EGFR and ERα, with the best effect in combined groups especially that contained the 4 compounds, as compared to vehicle-treated group. Moreover, Pip, BV and all combinations, except Tam + Hes group, arrested MCF7 and T47D in G2/M phase of cell cycle, while Tam and/or Hes caused G0/G1 phase arrest. These results indicate that Hes, Pip and BV synergistically enhance the anti-cancer effect of Tam and could be used as safe adjuvant/vehicle to Tam in treatment of breast cancer after further confirmatory in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A A Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ehab M M Ali
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Abd El-Moneim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Al-Arish, North Sinai, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad M Abd-Alhaseeb
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abu El-Magd
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed I Salim
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta
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PLGA nanoformulation of sparfloxacin enhanced antibacterial activity with photoprotective potential under ambient UV-R exposure. Int J Pharm 2018; 541:173-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Singh J, Srivastva AK, Mandal P, Chandra S, Dubey D, Dwivedi A, Chopra D, Tripathi A, Ray RS. Under ambient UVA exposure, pefloxacin exhibits both immunomodulatory and genotoxic effects via multiple mechanisms. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 178:593-605. [PMID: 29275239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pefloxacin (PFLX) is an antibiotic, which shows broad spectrum antimicrobial activities. It is an important derivative of fluoroquinolones (FLQs) group. Ultraviolet radiation (200-400nm) causes major problem for living being which comes at the earth surface naturally through sunlight and increasing regularly due to ozone depletion. PFLX was photodegraded in 5h and forms photoproduct under UVA exposure. At the non photocytotoxic dose PFLX, shows reduced phagocytosis activity, NO (nitric oxide) production, large vacuole formation and down regulated IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1 in BALB/c macrophages at both genes and proteins levels. At higher doses (photocytotoxic doses), PFLX induced a concentration dependent decrease in cell viability of human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice. Our molecular docking suggests that PFLX binds only to the cleaved DNA in the DNA-human TOP2A complex. Topoisomerase assay confirmed that PFLX inhibits human topoisomerase by forming an adduct with DNA. Photosensitized PFLX also caused intracellular ROS mediated DNA damage and formation of micronuclei and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Increase intracellular ROS leads to apoptosis which was proved through lysosomal destabilization and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Our present study shows that ambient UVA exposure in the presence of PFLX caused immunomodulatory as well as photogenotoxic effects. Therefore, patients under PFLX drug treatment should avoid sunlight exposure, especially during peak hours for their photosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajeet K Srivastva
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Payal Mandal
- Proteomics and Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonam Chandra
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Dubey
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Ashish Dwivedi
- Pineal Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Deepti Chopra
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- Proteomics and Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratan Singh Ray
- Photobiology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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CXCR4 blockade with AMD3100 enhances Taxol chemotherapy to limit ovarian cancer cell growth. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:935-942. [PMID: 28817386 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The standard of care for ovarian cancer includes initial treatment with chemotherapy. Despite initial efficacy, over 70% of patients develop recurrence; thus, there is a need to identify novel approaches that can improve therapeutic outcomes. We evaluated AMD3100 (Plerixafor), an FDA-approved CXCR4 inhibitor, as a potential adjunctive therapy for low-dose Taxol (Paclitaxel) by assessing the impact on in-vitro ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Proliferation was a measure for both human TOV-112D and murine ID8 ovarian cancer cells incubated with AMD3100 and Taxol, either individually or in combination. Impact of treatment was first determined for the simultaneous administration of AMD3100 and Taxol. We next assessed a sequential application of AMD3100 pretreatment, followed by AMD3100, Taxol, or a combination to test for sensitization to Taxol. In addition, we measured the impact of AMD3100 and Taxol, individually and in combination, on colony formation, an in-vitro model assay of tumor growth. Expression data, as measured by flow cytometry, show that both ID8 and TOV-112D cells are positive for CXCR4, CXCR7, and CXCL12. Combination treatment with AMD3100 (≤10 μmol/l) sensitized both ID8 and TOV-112D cells to low concentrations of Taxol (≤5 nmol/l), limiting cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro. Pretreatment with AMD3100 significantly increased the sensitivity of human ovarian cancer to low-dose Taxol or the combination of AMD3100 and Taxol, although this effect was not evident in murine cells. Importantly, for both human and murine cells, incubation with a combination of AMD3100 and Taxol had the largest impact on limiting cell proliferation. AMD3100 in combination with low-dose Taxol offers improved efficacy and the potential of reduced toxicity for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Grinevicius VM, Andrade KS, Ourique F, Micke GA, Ferreira SR, Pedrosa RC. Antitumor activity of conventional and supercritical extracts from Piper nigrum L. cultivar Bragantina through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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张 配, 刘 芳, 高 娇, 马 琳, 孙 小, 郑 海, 刘 浩, 赵 素. [Small interfering RNA-mediated monocarboxylate transporter 1 silencing enhances sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma HNE1/DDP cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:883-888. [PMID: 28736362 PMCID: PMC6765516 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.07.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) on the sensitivity of drug-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma HNE1/DDP cells to cisplatin (DDP)-induced apoptosis and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS The expression of MCT1 was analyzed in HNE1 and HNE1/DDP cells and in HNE1/DDP cells transfected with siRNA using Western blot. MTT assay was used to assess the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of DDP alone or in combination with MCT1 siRNA on the proliferation of HNE1/DDP cells. The apoptosis of cells treated with MCT1 siRNA or/and DDP (8 µmol/L) was assessed using flow cytometry with PI staining, and the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected using JC-1 staining assay; the expressions of Mcl-1, Bak, Bcl-2, and Bax were analyzed using Western blotting. RESULTS HNE1/DDP cells showed a high expression of MCT1, and MCT1 silencing using siRNA significantly increased the sensitivity of HNE1/DDP cells to DDP (P<0.05) and partly reversed DDP resistance of the cells. MCT1 silencing enhanced the sensitivity of HNE1/DDP cells to DDP-induced apoptosis. Treatment of HNE1/DDP cells with MCT1 siRNA combined with 8 µmol/L DDP for 24 h resulted in an apoptotic rate of (51.23∓2.86)%, significantly higher than that in cells treated with MCT1 siRNA or DDP alone (P<0.05). The combined treatment also reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, down-regulated the expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2, and up-regulated the expression of Bax in the DDP-resistant cells. CONCLUSION MCT1 siRNA can enhance the sensitivity of HNE1/DDP cells to DDP-induced apoptosis, the mechanism of which may involve the down-regulation of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- 配 张
- 蚌埠医学院药学院//安徽省生化药物工程技术研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College/Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Anhui Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 芳 刘
- 蚌埠医学院药学院//安徽省生化药物工程技术研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College/Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Anhui Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 娇 高
- 蚌埠医学院第一附属医院 骨科,安徽 蚌埠 233004Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - 琳艳 马
- 蚌埠医学院药学院//安徽省生化药物工程技术研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College/Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Anhui Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 小锦 孙
- 蚌埠医学院药学院//安徽省生化药物工程技术研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College/Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Anhui Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 海伦 郑
- 蚌埠医学院第一附属医院 消化科,安徽 蚌埠 233004Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - 浩 刘
- 蚌埠医学院药学院//安徽省生化药物工程技术研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College/Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Anhui Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 素容 赵
- 蚌埠医学院药学院//安徽省生化药物工程技术研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College/Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Anhui Bengbu 233030, China
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Naringin alleviates early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis. Brain Res Bull 2017; 133:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lefranc F, Tabanca N, Kiss R. Assessing the anticancer effects associated with food products and/or nutraceuticals using in vitro and in vivo preclinical development-related pharmacological tests. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:14-32. [PMID: 28602819 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This review is part of a special issue entitled "Role of dietary pattern, foods, nutrients and nutraceuticals in supporting cancer prevention and treatment" and describes a pharmacological strategy to determine the potential contribution of food-related components as anticancer agents against established cancer. Therefore, this review does not relate to chemoprevention, which is analysed in several other reviews in the current special issue, but rather focuses on the following: i) the biological events that currently represent barriers against the treatment of certain types of cancers, primarily metastatic cancers; ii) the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological pre-clinical tests that can be used to analyse the potential anticancer effects of food-related components; and iii) several examples of food-related components with anticancer effects. This review does not represent a catalogue-based listing of food-related components with more or less anticancer activity. By contrast, this review proposes an original pharmacological strategy that researchers can use to analyse the potential anticancer activity of any food-related component-e.g., by considering the crucial characteristics of cancer biological aggressiveness. This review also highlights that cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy should restrict the use of "food complements" without supervision by a medical nutritionist. By contrast, an equilibrated diet that includes the food-related components listed herein would be beneficial for cancer patients who are not undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- U.S Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station,13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA.
| | - Robert Kiss
- Retired-formerly at the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium), 5 rue d'Egmont, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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Verma A, Kushwaha HN, Srivastava AK, Srivastava S, Jamal N, Srivastava K, Ray RS. Piperine attenuates UV-R induced cell damage in human keratinocytes via NF-kB, Bax/Bcl-2 pathway: An application for photoprotection. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 172:139-148. [PMID: 28550736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) exposure causes skin disorders like erythema, edema, hyperpigmentation, photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Recent research trends of researchers have focused more attention on the identification and use of photo stable natural agents with photoprotective properties. Piperine (PIP), as a plant alkaloid, is an important constituent present in black pepper (Piper nigrum), used widely in ayurvedic and other traditional medicines and has broad pharmacological properties. The study was planned to photoprotective efficacy of PIP in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell line. We have assessed the UV-R induced activation of transcription factor NF-κB in coordination with cell death modulators (Bax/Bcl-2 and p21). The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that PIP was photostable under UV-A/UV-B exposure. PIP (10μg/ml) attenuates the UV-R (A and B) induced phototoxicity of keratinocyte cell line through the restoration of cell viability, inhibition of ROS, and malondialdehyde generation. Further, PIP inhibited UV-R mediated DNA damage, prevented micronuclei formation, and reduced sub-G1 phase in cell cycle, which supported against photogenotoxicity. This study revealed that PIP pretreatment strongly suppressed UV-R induced photodamages. Molecular docking studies suggest that PIP binds at the active site of NF-κB, and thus, preventing its translocation to nucleus. In addition, transcriptional and translational analysis advocate the increased expression of NF-κB and concomitant decrease in IkB-α expression under UV-R exposed cells, favouring the apoptosis via Bax/Bcl-2 and p21 pathways. However, PIP induced expression of IkB-α suppress the NF-κB activity which resulted in suppression of apoptotic marker genes and proteins that involved in photoprotection. Therefore, we suggest the applicability of photostable PIP as photoprotective agent for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Verma
- Photobiology Laboratory, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Radiodiagnosis, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India; Department of Radiotherapy, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Hari N Kushwaha
- Photobiology Laboratory, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajeet K Srivastava
- Photobiology Laboratory, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saumya Srivastava
- Environmental Information System Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naseem Jamal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Kriti Srivastava
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Ratan Singh Ray
- Photobiology Laboratory, System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Kasaei A, Mobini-Dehkordi M, Mahjoubi F, Saffar B. Isolation of Taxol-Producing Endophytic Fungi from Iranian Yew Through Novel Molecular Approach and Their Effects on Human Breast Cancer Cell Line. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:702-709. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ye YT, Zhong W, Sun P, Wang D, Wang C, Hu LM, Qian JQ. Apoptosis induced by the methanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in non-small cell lung cancer through PTEN-mediated inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 200:107-116. [PMID: 28088493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) plant, has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases since thousands of years. Many studies reported that the active component tanshinones displayed a variety of biological activities: anti-thrombous, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor promoting. But the mechanism of how the active components working still need to be clarified. The anti-tumor effect of compounds of tanshinone (CTN), the methanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge roots, was investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CTN on the growth inhibition, apoptosis and molecular targets of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS CTN-induced cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. The cell survival was evaluated using clonogenic survival assay. The morphology of Glc-82 cells after treatment with CTN was determined by fluorescence microscopy. Cell cycle distribution was revealed by flow cytometry. The apoptotic cells were quantified with annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry, and observed using Hoechst 33258 staining and TUNEL assays. The expression levels of proteins were analyzed using western blot. Tumor growth was assessed by subcutaneous inoculation of cells into BALB/c nude mice. RESULTS CTN inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC in a dose-dependent manner and induced both early and late apoptosis. Treatment of Glc-82 cells with CTN (5-80μg/ml) significantly (p<0.05) suppressed the cell proliferation in a concentration and time-dependent manner. CTN induced significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent apoptosis of Glc-82 cells. Cell cycle assay showed that CTN induced a G2/M phase arrest, and significantly (p<0.05) increased expression of p53 and p21, actived caspase-3/9 and PARP1, which suggest the involvement of the mitochondria in the apoptotic signals. In addition, CTN decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Result also showed that CTN could increase expression levels of PTEN, and reduce the phosphorylated levels of Akt (protein kinase B) on Thr 308 and Ser 473 domain. In vivo assay showed that the antitumor effect of CTN was significantly augmented without increasing toxicity in nude mice bearing Glc-82 xenograft. CONCLUSION The PTEN/Akt signaling axis is defined as a critical pathway regulated by PTEN in NSCLC. CTN, the methanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, are the active compounds as shown by their ability to induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and PTEN-mediated inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. CTN could inhibit tumor growth more efficiently, which supports the ethno-medicinal use of this herb as an alternative or complementary therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Tao Ye
- Department of pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Glaxo Smith Kline, Tianjin Smith Kline & French Laboratories Ltd, Tianjin 300163, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Li-Min Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Qian
- Department of pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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