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Du R, Li K, Guo K, Chen Z, Zhao X, Han L, Bian H. Two decades of a protooncogene TBL1XR1: from a transcription modulator to cancer therapeutic target. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1309687. [PMID: 38347836 PMCID: PMC10859502 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1309687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Transducin beta-like 1X-related protein 1 (TBL1XR1) was discovered two decades ago and was implicated as part of the nuclear transcription corepressor complex. Over the past 20 years, the emerging oncogenic function of TBL1XR1 in cancer development has been discovered. Recent studies have highlighted that the genetic aberrations of TBL1XR1 in cancers, especially in hematologic tumors, are closely associated with tumorigenesis. In solid tumors, TBL1XR1 is proposed to be a promising prognostic biomarker due to the correlation between abnormal expression and clinicopathological parameters. Post-transcriptional and post-translational modification are responsible for the expression and function of TBL1XR1 in cancer. TBL1XR1 exerts its functional role in various processes that involves cell cycle and apoptosis, cell proliferation, resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, cell migration and invasion, stemness and angiogenesis. Multitude of cancer-related signaling cascades like Wnt-β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, ERK, VEGF, NF-κB, STAT3 and gonadal hormone signaling pathways are tightly modulated by TBL1XR1. This review provided a comprehensive overview of TBL1XR1 in tumorigenesis, shedding new light on TBL1XR1 as a promising diagnostic biomarker and druggable target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Du
- Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Kai Li
- Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - KeLei Guo
- Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Xulin Zhao
- Oncology Department, Nanyang First People’s Hospital, Nan Yang, Henan, China
| | - Li Han
- Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan, China
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Galetzka D, Böck J, Wagner L, Dittrich M, Sinizyn O, Ludwig M, Rossmann H, Spix C, Radsak M, Scholz-Kreisel P, Mirsch J, Linke M, Brenner W, Marron M, Poplawski A, Haaf T, Schmidberger H, Prawitt D. Hypermethylation of RAD9A intron 2 in childhood cancer patients, leukemia and tumor cell lines suggest a role for oncogenic transformation. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:117-143. [PMID: 35221838 PMCID: PMC8859646 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most childhood cancers occur sporadically and cannot be explained by an inherited mutation or an unhealthy lifestyle. However, risk factors might trigger the oncogenic transformation of cells. Among other regulatory signals, hypermethylation of RAD9A intron 2 is responsible for the increased expression of RAD9A protein, which may play a role in oncogenic transformation. Here, we analyzed the RAD9A intron 2 methylation in primary fibroblasts of 20 patients with primary cancer in childhood and second primary cancer (2N) later in life, 20 matched patients with only one primary cancer in childhood (1N) and 20 matched cancer-free controls (0N), using bisulfite pyrosequencing and deep bisulfite sequencing (DBS). Four 1N patients and one 2N patient displayed elevated mean methylation levels (≥ 10 %) of RAD9A. DBS revealed ≥ 2 % hypermethylated alleles of RAD9A, indicative for constitutive mosaic epimutations. Bone marrow samples of NHL and AML tumor patients (n=74), EBV (Epstein Barr Virus) lymphoblasts (n=6), tumor cell lines (n=5) and FaDu subclones (n=13) were analyzed to substantiate our findings. We find a broad spectrum of tumor entities with an aberrant methylation of RAD9A. We detected a significant difference in mean methylation of RAD9A for NHL versus AML patients (p ≤0.025). Molecular karyotyping of AML samples during therapy with hypermethylated RAD9A showed an evolving duplication of 1.8 kb on Chr16p13.3 including the PKD1 gene. Radiation, colony formation assays, cell proliferation, PCR and molecular karyotyping SNP-array experiments using generated FaDu subclones suggest that hypermethylation of RAD9A intron 2 is associated with genomic imbalances in regions with tumor-relevant genes and survival of the cells. In conclusion, this is the very first study of RAD9A intron 2 methylation in childhood cancer and Leukemia. RAD9A epimutations may have an impact on leukemia and tumorigenesis and can potentially serve as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Galetzka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Böck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Wagner
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Dittrich
- Bioinformatics Department, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Olesja Sinizyn
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Heidi Rossmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Spix
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Radsak
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Johanna Mirsch
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Matthias Linke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Department of Obstetrics and Women's Health, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuela Marron
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alicia Poplawski
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Schmidberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
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Lu J, Bang H, Kim SM, Cho SJ, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Zheng CH, Ryeom SW, Yoon SS, Yoon C, Lee JH. Lymphatic metastasis-related TBL1XR1 enhances stemness and metastasis in gastric cancer stem-like cells by activating ERK1/2-SOX2 signaling. Oncogene 2021; 40:922-936. [PMID: 33288885 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The poor prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) results largely from metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. Toward novel therapeutic strategies that target or evade these phenomena, we evaluated the function of the transcriptional regulator transducin (β)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 (TBL1XR1) in GC cells, including stem-like cells. In this study, the correlation of expression of TBL1XR1 and clinical features and GC patients' outcomes was evaluated. Knockdown or exogenous expression of TBL1XR1 was combined with in vitro (2D and 3D cultures) and in vivo (mouse lung and lymphatic metastasis models) assays to evaluate the function of TBL1XR1. TBL1XR1's downstream signaling was delineated by phospho-kinase array and knockdown of candidate mediators. Analysis of clinical data showed that TBL1XR1 overexpression was correlated with worse prognosis. Functional assays showed that TBL1XR1 promoted stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and lung and lymphatic metastasis in GC cells. TBL1XR1 activated ERK1/2-Sox2 signaling and was dependent on signaling via PI3K/AKT, in GC stem-like cells distinguished by CD44 expression. Moreover, inhibition of these signaling proteins reversed chemoresistance in in vitro and in vivo models. Taken together, our results indicate that TBL1XR1 promotes stemness and metastasis in GC, making it a potential prognostic indicator. The PI3K/AKT-TBL1XR1-ERK1/2-Sox2 axis may represent a target for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Heejin Bang
- Department of Pathology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Mi Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Duane T Smoot
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Sandra W Ryeom
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sam S Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changhwan Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Schiavone K, Garnier D, Heymann MF, Heymann D. The Heterogeneity of Osteosarcoma: The Role Played by Cancer Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1139:187-200. [PMID: 31134502 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14366-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone sarcoma and is one of the cancer entities characterized by the highest level of heterogeneity in humans. This heterogeneity takes place not only at the macroscopic and microscopic levels, with heterogeneous micro-environmental components, but also at the genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic levels. Recent investigations have revealed the existence in osteosarcoma of cancer cells with stemness properties. Cancer stem cells are characterized by their specific phenotype and low cycling capacity, and are linked to drug resistance, tumour growth and the metastatic process. In addition, cancer stem cells contribute to the enrichment of tumour heterogeneity. The present manuscript will describe the main characteristic features of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma and will discuss their impact on maintaining tumour heterogeneity. Their clinical implications will also be briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Schiavone
- INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Delphine Garnier
- INSERM, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, CRCINA, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Marie-Francoise Heymann
- INSERM, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, CRCINA, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- INSERM, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, CRCINA, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Saint Herblain, France.
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