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Han Y, Liu X, Jia Q, Xu J, Shi J, Li X, Xie G, Zhao X, He K. Longitudinal multi-omics analysis uncovers the altered landscape of gut microbiota and plasma metabolome in response to high altitude. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:70. [PMID: 38581016 PMCID: PMC10996103 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is significantly influenced by altitude. However, the dynamics of gut microbiota in relation to altitude remains undisclosed. METHODS In this study, we investigated the microbiome profile of 610 healthy young men from three different places in China, grouped by altitude, duration of residence, and ethnicity. We conducted widely targeted metabolomic profiling and clinical testing to explore metabolic characteristics. RESULTS Our findings revealed that as the Han individuals migrated from low altitude to high latitude, the gut microbiota gradually converged towards that of the Tibetan populations but reversed upon returning to lower altitude. Across different cohorts, we identified 51 species specifically enriched during acclimatization and 57 species enriched during deacclimatization to high altitude. Notably, Prevotella copri was found to be the most enriched taxon in both Tibetan and Han populations after ascending to high altitude. Furthermore, significant variations in host plasma metabolome and clinical indices at high altitude could be largely explained by changes in gut microbiota composition. Similar to Tibetans, 41 plasma metabolites, such as lactic acid, sphingosine-1-phosphate, taurine, and inositol, were significantly elevated in Han populations after ascending to high altitude. Germ-free animal experiments demonstrated that certain species, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which exhibited altitude-dependent variations in human populations, might play crucial roles in host purine metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the dynamics of gut microbiota and host plasma metabolome with respect to altitude changes, indicating that their dynamics may have implications for host health at high altitude and contribute to host adaptation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Medical Big Data Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Chronic Heart Failure, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Medical Big Data Application Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qian Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Chronic Heart Failure, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Medical Big Data Application Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Xu
- Medical Big Data Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Medical Big Data Application Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Shi
- Medical Big Data Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Medical Big Data Application Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Ping An Healthcare Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guotong Xie
- Ping An Healthcare Technology, Ping An Health Cloud Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Chronic Heart Failure, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Medical Big Data Application Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Kunlun He
- Medical Big Data Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Chronic Heart Failure, Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Medical Big Data Application Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Gaggini M, Fenizia S, Vassalle C. Sphingolipid Levels and Signaling via Resveratrol and Antioxidant Actions in Cardiometabolic Risk and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051102. [PMID: 37237968 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a phenolic compound with strong antioxidant activity, which is generally associated with the beneficial effects of wine on human health. All resveratrol-mediated benefits exerted on different systems and pathophysiological conditions are possible through resveratrol's interactions with different biological targets, along with its involvement in several key cellular pathways affecting cardiometabolic (CM) health. With regard to its role in oxidative stress, RSV exerts its antioxidant activity not only as a free radical scavenger but also by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and regulating redox genes, nitric oxide bioavailability and mitochondrial function. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated that some RSV effects are mediated by changes in sphingolipids, a class of biolipids involved in a number of cellular functions (e.g., apoptosis, cell proliferation, oxidative stress and inflammation) that have attracted interest as emerging critical determinants of CM risk and disease. Accordingly, this review aimed to discuss the available data regarding the effects of RSV on sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in CM risk and disease, focusing on oxidative stress/inflammatory-related aspects, and the clinical implications of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Gaggini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Fenizia
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Vassalle
- Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Pan Z, Hu Y, Huang Z, Han N, Li Y, Zhuang X, Yin J, Peng H, Gao Q, Zhang W, Huang Y, Cui Y, Bi Y, Xu ZZ, Yang R. Alterations in gut microbiota and metabolites associated with altitude-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats during hypobaric hypoxia challenge. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2093-2113. [PMID: 35301705 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is involved in host responses to high altitude. However, the dynamics of intestinal microecology and their association with altitude-related illness are poorly understood. Here, we used a rat model of hypobaric hypoxia challenge to mimic plateau exposure and monitored the gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids (BAs) over 28 d. We identified weight loss, polycythemia, and pathological cardiac hypertrophy in hypoxic rats, accompanied by a large compositional shift in the gut microbiota, which is mainly driven by the bacterial families of Prevotellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Streptococcaceae. The aberrant gut microbiota was characterized by increased abundance of the Parabacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactococcus genera and a larger Bacteroides to Prevotella ratio. Trans-omics analyses showed that the gut microbiome was significantly correlated with the metabolic abnormalities of SCFAs and BAs in feces, suggesting an interaction network remodeling of the microbiome-metabolome after the hypobaric hypoxia challenge. Interestingly, the transplantation of fecal microbiota significantly increased the diversity of the gut microbiota, partially inhibited the increased abundance of the Bacteroides and Alistipes genera, restored the decrease of plasma propionate, and moderately ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy in hypoxic rats. Our results provide an insight into the longitudinal changes in intestinal microecology during the hypobaric hypoxia challenge. Abnormalities in the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites contribute to the development of high-altitude heart disease in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yichen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Zongyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ni Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiye Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Quansheng Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yujun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yujing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Zhenjiang Zech Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China. .,Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Dei Cas M, Ottolenghi S, Morano C, Rinaldo R, Roda G, Chiumello D, Centanni S, Samaja M, Paroni R. Link between serum lipid signature and prognostic factors in COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21633. [PMID: 34737330 PMCID: PMC8568966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the serum lipidome is markedly affected by COVID-19, two unresolved issues remain: how the severity of the disease affects the level and the composition of serum lipids and whether serum lipidome analysis may identify specific lipids impairment linked to the patients' outcome. Sera from 49 COVID-19 patients were analyzed by untargeted lipidomics. Patients were clustered according to: inflammation (C-reactive protein), hypoxia (Horowitz Index), coagulation state (D-dimer), kidney function (creatinine) and age. COVID-19 patients exhibited remarkable and distinctive dyslipidemia for each prognostic factor associated with reduced defense against oxidative stress. When patients were clustered by outcome (7 days), a peculiar lipidome signature was detected with an overall increase of 29 lipid species, including-among others-four ceramide and three sulfatide species, univocally related to this analysis. Considering the lipids that were affected by all the prognostic factors, we found one sphingomyelin related to inflammation and viral infection of the respiratory tract and two sphingomyelins, that are independently related to patients' age, and they appear as candidate biomarkers to monitor disease progression and severity. Although preliminary and needing validation, this report pioneers the translation of lipidome signatures to link the effects of five critical clinical prognostic factors with the patients' outcomes.
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Grants
- This research was funded by Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano (Piano di Sostegno alla Ricerca LINEA 2: Dotazione annuale per attività istituzionali within a project entitled “FeOx. Iron handling in patients exposed to acute and chronic hypoxia", by Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (Programma Nazionale di Ricerca in Antartide, PNRA18_00071-F within a project entitled “Concorde. Impact of the Antarctic environments on human homeostasis, psychology, physiology and immunity”), by Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (FISR-COVID-19 Project FISR2020IP_01583, within a project entitled “HITCoA. Impact of Hypoxia, Iron Toxicity and oxidative stress on COvid19 Anemia”).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Camillo Morano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocco Rinaldo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit, San Paolo University Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Chiumello
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Paolo University Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Centanni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit, San Paolo University Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via A. di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.
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Duca L, Ottolenghi S, Coppola S, Rinaldo R, Dei Cas M, Rubino FM, Paroni R, Samaja M, Chiumello DA, Motta I. Differential Redox State and Iron Regulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Coronavirus Disease 2019. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091460. [PMID: 34573092 PMCID: PMC8470076 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients affected by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), unclear mechanisms negatively interfere with the hematopoietic response to hypoxia. Although stimulated by physiological hypoxia, pulmonary hypoxic patients usually develop anemia, which may ultimately complicate the outcome. To characterize this non-adaptive response, we dissected the interplay among the redox state, iron regulation, and inflammation in patients challenged by either acute (ARDS and COVID-19) or chronic (COPD) hypoxia. To this purpose, we evaluated a panel of redox state biomarkers that may integrate the routine iron metabolism assays to monitor the patients’ inflammatory and oxidative state. We measured redox and hematopoietic regulators in 20 ARDS patients, 20 ambulatory COPD patients, 9 COVID-19 ARDS-like patients, and 10 age-matched non-hypoxic healthy volunteers (controls). All the examined pathological conditions induced hypoxia, with ARDS and COVID-19 depressing the hematopoietic response without remarkable effects on erythropoietin. Free iron was higher than the controls in all patients, with higher levels of hepcidin and soluble transferrin receptor in ARDS and COVID-19. All markers of the redox state and antioxidant barrier were overexpressed in ARDS and COVID-19. However, glutathionyl hemoglobin, a candidate marker for the redox imbalance, was especially low in ARDS, despite depressed levels of glutathione being present in all patients. Although iron regulation was dysfunctional in all groups, the depressed antioxidant barrier in ARDS, and to a lesser extent in COVID-19, might induce greater inflammatory responses with consequent anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Duca
- General Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.M.R.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (D.A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Coppola
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| | - Rocco Rinaldo
- Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.M.R.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (D.A.C.)
| | - Federico Maria Rubino
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.M.R.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (D.A.C.)
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.M.R.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (D.A.C.)
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.M.R.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (D.A.C.)
- MAGI GROUP, San Felice del Benaco, 25010 Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Alberto Chiumello
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.M.R.); (R.P.); (M.S.); (D.A.C.)
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| | - Irene Motta
- General Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.D.); (I.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
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Li N, Chen K, Bai J, Geng Z, Tang Y, Hou Y, Fan F, Ai X, Hu Y, Meng X, Wang X, Zhang Y. Tibetan medicine Duoxuekang ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia-induced brain injury in mice by restoration of cerebrovascular function. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113629. [PMID: 33246120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Duoxuekang (DXK, ཁྲག་འཕེལ་བདེ་བྱེད།) is a clinical experience prescription of CuoRu-Cailang, a famous Tibetan medicine master, which has effective advantages in the treatment of hypobaric hypoxia (HH)-induced brain injury. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to investigate the effects of DXK on cerebrovascular function of HH-induced brain injury in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS DSC-MR imaging was used to evaluate the effect of DXK on the brain blood perfusion of patients with hypoxic brain injury. HPLC analysis was used to detect the content of salidroside, gallic acid, tyrosol, corilagin, ellagic acid, isorhamnetin, quercetin and gingerol in DXK. The model of HH-induced brain injury in mice was established by an animal hypobaric and hypoxic chamber. The BABL/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: control group, model group, Hongjingtian oral liquid group (HOL, 3.3 ml/kg) and DXK groups (0.9, 1.8 and 3.6 g/kg). All mice (except the control group) were intragastrically administrated for a continuous 7 days and put into the animal hypobaric and hypoxic chamber after the last intragastric administration. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to evaluate the pathological changes of brain tissue. Masson and Weigert stainings were used to detect the content of collagen fibers and elastic fibers of brain, respectively. Routine blood test and biochemical kits were used to analyze hematological parameters and oxidative stress indices. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to detect the protein levels of VEGF, CD31/vWF and α-SMA. RESULTS The results of DSC-MR imaging confirmed that DXK can increased CBV in the left temporal lobe while decreased MTT in the right frontal lobe, right temporal lobe and right occipital lobe of the brain. DXK contains salidroside, gallic acid, tyrosol, corilagin, ellagic acid, isorhamnetin, quercetin and gingerol. Compared with the model group, DXK can ameliorate the atrophy and deformation, and increase the number of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA3 area and cortical neurocytes. Masson and Weigert stainings results revealed that DXK can significantly increase the content of collagen fibers and elastic fibers in brain. Routine blood test results demonstrated that DXK can dramatically decrease the levels of WBC, MCH and MCHC, while increase RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV and PLT in the blood samples. Biochemical results revealed that DXK can markedly increase SOD, CAT and GSH activities, while decrease MDA activity. Immunofluorescence revealed that DXK can notably increase the protein levels of VEGF, CD31/vWF and α-SMA. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study proved that DXK can ameliorate HH-induced brain injury by improving brain blood perfusion, increasing the number of collagen and elastic fibers and inhibiting oxidative stress injury. The underlying mechanisms may be involved in maintaining the integrity of cerebrovascular endothelial cells and vascular function. However, further in vivo and in vitro investigations are still needed to elucidate the mechanisms of DXK on regulating cerebral blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jinrong Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zangjia Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ya Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Exercise and Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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7
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A Rationale for Hypoxic and Chemical Conditioning in Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020582. [PMID: 33430140 PMCID: PMC7826574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by adverse cellular environments and pathological alterations causing neurodegeneration in distinct brain regions. This development is triggered or facilitated by conditions such as hypoxia, ischemia or inflammation and is associated with disruptions of fundamental cellular functions, including metabolic and ion homeostasis. Targeting intracellular downstream consequences to specifically reverse these pathological changes proved difficult to translate to clinical settings. Here, we discuss the potential of more holistic approaches with the purpose to re-establish a healthy cellular environment and to promote cellular resilience. We review the involvement of important molecular pathways (e.g., the sphingosine, δ-opioid receptor or N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor pathways) in neuroprotective hypoxic conditioning effects and how these pathways can be targeted for chemical conditioning. Despite the present scarcity of knowledge on the efficacy of such approaches in neurodegeneration, the specific characteristics of Huntington’s disease may make it particularly amenable for such conditioning techniques. Not only do classical features of neurodegenerative diseases like mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation support this assumption, but also specific Huntington’s disease characteristics: a relatively young age of neurodegeneration, molecular overlap of related pathologies with hypoxic adaptations and sensitivity to brain hypoxia. The aim of this review is to discuss several molecular pathways in relation to hypoxic adaptations that have potential as drug targets in neurodegenerative diseases. We will extract the relevance for Huntington’s disease from this knowledge base.
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Ziegler AC, Müller T, Gräler MH. Sphingosine 1-phosphate in sepsis and beyond: Its role in disease tolerance and host defense and the impact of carrier molecules. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109849. [PMID: 33249088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important immune modulator responsible for physiological cellular responses like lymphocyte development and function, positioning and emigration of T and B cells and cytokine secretion. Recent reports indicate that S1P does not only regulate immunity, but can also protect the function of organs by inducing disease tolerance. S1P also influences the replication of certain pathogens, and sphingolipids are also involved in pathogen recognition and killing. Certain carrier molecules for S1P like serum albumin and high density lipoproteins contribute to the regulation of S1P effects. They are able to associate with S1P and modulate its signaling properties. Similar to S1P, both carrier molecules are also decreased in sepsis patients and likely contribute to sepsis pathology and severity. In this review, we will introduce the concept of disease tolerance and the involvement of S1P. We will also discuss the contribution of S1P and its precursor sphingosine to host defense mechanisms against pathogens. Finally, we will summarize current data demonstrating the influence of carrier molecules for differential S1P signaling. The presented data may lead to new strategies for the prevention and containment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke C Ziegler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tina Müller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany.
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9
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Agrawal A, Rathor R, Kumar R, Suryakumar G, Singh SN, Kumar B. Redox modification of ryanodine receptor contributes to impaired Ca 2+ homeostasis and exacerbates muscle atrophy under high altitude. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:643-656. [PMID: 32916280 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
At extreme altitude, prolonged and severe hypoxia menaces human function and survival, and also associated with profound loss of muscle mass which results into a debilitating critical illness of skeletal muscle atrophy. Hypobaric hypoxia altered redox homeostasis and impaired calcium ion handling in skeletal muscles. Dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis and activated calpain is the prime stressor in high altitude hypoxia while the reason for subsequent abnormal release of pathological Ca2+ into cytoplasm is largely unexplored. The present study identified the redox remodeling in the Ca2+ release channel, Ryanodine Receptor (RyR1) owing to its hypernitrosylation state in skeletal muscles in chronic hypobaric hypoxia exposed rats. RyR1-hypernitrosylation decreases the binding of FKBP12/calstabin-1 and other complexes from the channel, causing "leakiness" in RyR1 ion-channel. A strong RyR1 stabilizer, S107 enhanced binding affinity of FKBP12 with hypernitrosylated RyR1, reduced Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak and improved muscle strength and function under chronic hypoxia. Administration of S107 inhibited the skeletal muscle damage, maintained ultrastructure of sarcomere and sarcolemmal integrity. Histological analysis proved the increase in cross-sectional area of myofibers. Further, the number of apoptotic cells was also reduced by S107 treatment. Conclusively, we proposed that the redox remodeling of RyR1 (hypernitrosylated-RyR1) might be responsible for dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis which consequently impaired muscle strength and function in response to chronic hypoxic stress. Reduced SR Ca2+ leak and enhanced binding affinity of FKBP12 may provide a novel therapeutic avenue in ameliorating skeletal muscle atrophy at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Agrawal
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Som Nath Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
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