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Durydivka O, Kuchar M, Blahos J. SGIP1 Deletion in Mice Attenuates Mechanical Hypersensitivity Elicited by Inflammation. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024. [PMID: 38979622 DOI: 10.1089/can.2024.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) in the nervous system modulates the processing of acute and chronic pain. CB1R activity is regulated by desensitization and internalization. SH3-containing GRB2-like protein 3-interacting protein 1 (SGIP1) inhibits the internalization of CB1R. This causes increased and prolonged association of the desensitized receptor with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) and beta-arrestin on the cell membrane and results in decreased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway. Genetic deletion of SGIP1 in mice leads to altered CB1R-related functions, such as decreased anxiety-like behaviors, modified cannabinoid tetrad behaviors, reduced acute nociception, and increased sensitivity to analgesics. In this work, we asked if deletion of SGIP1 affects chronic nociception and analgesic effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) in mice. Methods: We measured tactile responses of hind paws to increasing pressure in wild-type and SGIP1 knock-out mice. Inflammation in the paw was induced by local injection of carrageenan. To determine the mechanical sensitivity, the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured using an electronic von Frey instrument with the progression of the applied force. Results: The responses to mechanical stimuli varied depending on the sex, genotype, and treatment. SGIP1 knock-out male mice exhibited lower PWT than wild-type males. On the contrary, the female mice exhibited comparable PWT. Following THC or WIN treatment in male mice, SGIP1 knock-out males exhibited PWT lower than wild-type males. THC treatment in SGIP1 knock-out females resulted in PWT higher than after THC treatment of wild-type females. However, SGIP1 knock-out and wild-type female mice exhibited similar PWT after WIN treatment. Conclusions: We provide evidence that SGIP1, possibly by interacting with CB1R, is involved in processing the responses to chronic pain. The absence of SGIP1 results in enhanced sensitivity to mechanical stimuli in males, but not females. The antinociceptive effect of THC is superior to that of WIN in SGIP1 knock-out mice in the carrageenan-induced model of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Durydivka
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchar
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Prague, Czech Republic
- Psychedelic Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Blahos
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Nobili S, Micheli L, Lucarini E, Toti A, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L. Ultramicronized N-palmitoylethanolamine associated with analgesics: Effects against persistent pain. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108649. [PMID: 38615798 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Current epidemiological data estimate that one in five people suffers from chronic pain with considerable impairment of health-related quality of life. The pharmacological treatment is based on first- and second-line analgesic drugs, including COX-2 selective and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol, antidepressants, anti-seizure drugs and opioids, that are characterized by important side effects. N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) is a body's own fatty-acid ethanolamide belonging to the family of autacoid local injury antagonist amides. The anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties of PEA have been recognized for decades and prompted to depict its role in the endogenous mechanisms of pain control. Together with its relative abundance in food sources, this opened the way to the use of PEA as a pain-relieving nutritional intervention. Naïve PEA is a large particle size lipid molecule with low solubility and bioavailability. Reducing particle size is a useful method to increase surface area, thereby improving dissolution rate and bioavailability accordingly. Micron-size formulations of PEA (e.g., ultramicronized and co-(ultra)micronized) have shown higher oral efficacy compared to naïve PEA. In particular, ultramicronized PEA has been shown to efficiently cross the intestinal wall and, more importantly, the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barrier. Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown the efficacy, safety and tolerability of ultramicronized PEA. This narrative review summarizes the available pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data on ultramicronized PEA and focuses to its contribution to pain control, in particular as 'add-on' nutritional intervention. Data showing the ability of ultramicronized PEA to limit opioid side effects, including the development of tolerance, have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Lee MT, Mackie K, Chiou LC. Alternative pain management via endocannabinoids in the time of the opioid epidemic: Peripheral neuromodulation and pharmacological interventions. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:894-909. [PMID: 34877650 PMCID: PMC9170838 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of opioids in pain management is hampered by the emergence of analgesic tolerance, which leads to increased dosing and side effects, both of which have contributed to the opioid epidemic. One promising potential approach to limit opioid analgesic tolerance is activating the endocannabinoid system in the CNS, via activation of CB1 receptors in the descending pain inhibitory pathway. In this review, we first discuss preclinical and clinical evidence revealing the potential of pharmacological activation of CB1 receptors in modulating opioid tolerance, including activation by phytocannabinoids, synthetic CB1 receptor agonists, endocannabinoid degradation enzyme inhibitors, and recently discovered positive allosteric modulators of CB1 receptors. On the other hand, as non-pharmacological pain relief is advocated by the US-NIH to combat the opioid epidemic, we also discuss contributions of peripheral neuromodulation, involving the electrostimulation of peripheral nerves, in addressing chronic pain and opioid tolerance. The involvement of supraspinal endocannabinoid systems in peripheral neuromodulation-induced analgesia is also discussed. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Opioid Pharmacology at the Time of the Opioid Epidemic. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.7/issuetoc.
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Grants
- MOST 108-2321-B-002-005 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 107-2811-B-002-008 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- R01 DA041229 NIDA NIH HHS
- MOST 107-2321-B-002-010 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- R01 DA047858 NIDA NIH HHS
- 107M4022-3 Ministry of Education, Taiwan
- MOST 106-2321-B-002-019 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- NHRI-EX111-11114NI National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
- FRGS/1/2021/WAB13/UCSI/02/1 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia
- R21 DA042584 NIDA NIH HHS
- REIG-FPS-2020/065 UCSI University Research Excellence and Innovation Grant, Malaysia
- NHRI-EX109-10733NI National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
- MOST 104-2745-B-002-004 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 109-2320-B-002-042-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 107-2811-B-002 -008 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 108-2320-B-002-029-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tatt Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ken Mackie
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Research, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Lih-Chu Chiou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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4
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Santoso AD, De Ridder D. Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase: An Integrative Clinical Perspective. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:56-76. [PMID: 35900294 DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is one of the main terminating enzymes of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Since being discovered in 1996, the modulation of FAAH has been viewed as a compelling alternative strategy to obtain the beneficial effect of the ECS. With a considerable amount of FAAH-related publication over time, the next step would be to comprehend the proximity of this evidence for clinical application. Objective: This review intends to highlight the rationale of FAAH modulation and provide the latest evidence from clinical studies. Methods: Publication searches were conducted to gather information focused on FAAH-related clinical evidence with an extension to the experimental research to understand the biological plausibility. The subtopics were selected to be multidisciplinary to offer more perspective on the current state of the arts. Discussion: Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that FAAH was highly expressed not only in the central nervous system but also in the peripheral tissues. As the key regulator of endocannabinoid signaling, it would appear that FAAH plays a role in the modulation of mood and emotional response, reward system, pain perception, energy metabolism and appetite regulation, inflammation, and other biological processes. Genetic variants may be associated with some conditions such as substance/alcohol use disorders, obesity, and eating disorder. The advancement of functional neuroimaging has enabled the evaluation of the neurochemistry of FAAH in brain tissues and this can be incorporated into clinical trials. Intriguingly, the application of FAAH inhibitors in clinical trials seems to provide less striking results in comparison with the animal models, although some potential still can be seen. Conclusion: Modulation of FAAH has an immense potential to be a new therapeutic candidate for several disorders. Further exploration, however, is still needed to ensure who is the best candidate for the treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anugrah D Santoso
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Bourke SL, Schlag AK, O'Sullivan SE, Nutt DJ, Finn DP. Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in fibromyalgia: A review of preclinical and clinical research. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108216. [PMID: 35609718 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Characterised by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, generalised hyperalgesia, and psychological distress, fibromyalgia (FM) is a significant unmet clinical need. The endogenous cannabinoid system plays an important role in modulating both pain and the stress response. Here, we appraise the evidence, from preclinical and clinical studies, for a role of the endocannabinoid system in FM and the therapeutic potential of targeting the endocannabinoid system. While many animal models have been used to study FM, the reserpine-induced myalgia model has emerged as perhaps the most translatable to the clinical phenotype. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) has shown promise in preclinical studies, ameliorating pain- and anxiety-related behaviour . Clinically, there is evidence for alterations in the endocannabinoid system in patients with FM, including single nucleotide polymorphisms and increased levels of circulating endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines. Single entity cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicines in patients with FM show promise therapeutically but limitations in methodology and lack of longitudinal studies to assess efficacy and tolerability preclude the current recommendation for their use in patients with FM. Gaps in the literature that warrant further investigation are discussed, particularly the need for further development of animal models with high validity for the multifaceted nature of FM, balanced studies to eliminate sex-bias in preclinical research, and ultimately, better translation between preclinical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Bourke
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anne Katrin Schlag
- Drug Science, St. Peters House, Wood Street, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - David J Nutt
- Drug Science, St. Peters House, Wood Street, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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Woyach V, Sherman K, Hillard CJ, Hopp FA, Hogan QH, Dean C. Fatty acid amide hydrolase activity in the dorsal periaqueductal gray attenuates neuropathic pain and associated dysautonomia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R749-R762. [PMID: 36154489 PMCID: PMC9639763 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00073.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of neuropathic pain and its associated comorbidities, including dysautonomia, make it difficult to treat. Overlap of anatomical regions and pharmacology of sympathosensory systems in the central nervous system (CNS) provide targets for novel treatment strategies. The dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) is an integral component of both the descending pain modulation system and the acute stress response and is critically involved in both analgesia and the regulation of sympathetic activity. Local manipulation of the endocannabinoid signaling system holds great promise to provide analgesia without excessive adverse effects and also influence autonomic output. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) increases brain concentrations of the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and reduces pain-related behaviors in neuropathic pain models. Neuropathic hyperalgesia and reduced sympathetic tone are associated with increased FAAH activity in the dPAG, which suggests the hypothesis that inhibition of FAAH in the dPAG will normalize pain sensation and autonomic function in neuropathic pain. To test this hypothesis, the effects of systemic or intra-dPAG FAAH inhibition on hyperalgesia and dysautonomia developed after spared nerve injury (SNI) were assessed in male and female rats. Administration of the FAAH inhibitor PF-3845 into the dPAG reduces hyperalgesia behavior and the decrease in sympathetic tone induced by SNI. Prior administration of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM281, attenuated the antihyperalgesic and sympathetic effects of FAAH inhibition. No sex differences were identified. These data support an integrative role for AEA/CB1 receptor signaling in the dPAG contributing to the regulation of both hyperalgesia behavior and altered sympathetic tone in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Woyach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Research Service, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Katherine Sherman
- Research Service, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Cecilia J Hillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Francis A Hopp
- Research Service, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Quinn H Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Research Service, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Caron Dean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Research Service, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee Wisconsin
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7
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Ferrarini EG, Paes RS, Baldasso GM, de Assis PM, Gouvêa MC, Cicco PD, Raposo NRB, Capasso R, Moreira ELG, Dutra RC. Broad-spectrum cannabis oil ameliorates reserpine-induced fibromyalgia model in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113552. [PMID: 35988425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is an idiopathic disorder characterized by generalized pain and associated symptoms such as depression and anxiety. Cannabis sativa shows different pharmacological activities, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory. Associated with this, the use of an oil with low concentrations of THC can reduce the psychomimetic adverse effects of the plant. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect of broad-spectrum cannabis oil with low THC concentration in an experimental model of FM. Mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal allodynia, depressive- and anxious-related behavior, and locomotor activity were evaluated after reserpine (0.25 mg/kg; injected subcutaneously (s.c.) once daily for three consecutive days) administration. Our results showed that oral administration of broad-spectrum cannabis oil (0.1, 1, and 3 mg/kg, p.o.) in a single dose on the 4th day inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal allodynia induced by reserpine. Relevantly, treatment during four days with broad-spectrum cannabis oil (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced mechanical hyperalgesia 1 h after reserpine administration. Intraplantar treatment with cannabis oil significantly reversed mechanical and heat thermal nociception induced by reserpine injection. Interestingly, spinal and supraspinal administration of broad-spectrum cannabis oil completely inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal sensitivity induced by reserpine. The repeated cannabis oil administration, given daily for 14 days, markedly mitigated the mechanical and thermal sensitivity during the FM model, and its reduced depressive-like behavior induced by reserpine. In summary, broad-spectrum cannabis oil is an effective alternative to reverse the reserpine-induced fibromyalgia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Gomes Ferrarini
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88906-072 Araranguá, SC, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Sebben Paes
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88906-072 Araranguá, SC, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Mantovani Baldasso
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88906-072 Araranguá, SC, Brazil.
| | - Pollyana Mendonça de Assis
- Center of Research and Innovation in Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Murilo Chaves Gouvêa
- Associação Brasileira de Apoio Cannabis e Esperança, Parque Sólon de Lucena, 697, 58028-470 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Paola De Cicco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nádia Rezende Barbosa Raposo
- Center of Research and Innovation in Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar Moreira
- Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Cypriano Dutra
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88906-072 Araranguá, SC, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Nagakura Y. Therapeutic Approaches to Nociplastic Pain Based on Findings in the Reserpine-Induced Fibromyalgia-Like Animal Model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 381:106-119. [PMID: 35246482 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociplastic pain, the third category of chronic pain, has emerged as a serious medical issue. Due to its significant negative influences on patients and society, high prevalence, and lack of sufficiently effective treatments, more efficacious therapies are required. This review highlights the potential therapeutic approaches identified in studies that used reserpine-induced myalgia (RIM) animal model that exhibits nociplastic pain-associated phenotypes. These studies have revealed that biological processes including the chronic reduction of monoamines, increase of oxidative/nitrosative stresses and inflammatory mediators, upregulation of pronociceptive neurotransmitters and their receptors, increase of trophic factors, enhancement of the apoptotic pathway, sensory nerve sensitization, and activation of immune cells in central and/or peripheral regions, underly the nociplastic pain-associated phenotypes in RIM animal model. Potential therapeutic approaches to nociplastic pain, i.e., 1) functional modification of specific molecules which expression is distinctly altered following monoamine reduction, 2) targeting the molecules which are responsible for other major categories of chronic pain (i.e., chronic inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain), 3) supplementation of nutrition to correct the disrupted nutritional balance, 4) improvement of physical constitution by natural substances, and 5) nonpharmacological interventions, have been identified. Significance Statement Studies in RIM animal model have revealed the pathologies that occur after the chronic reduction of monoamines and identified potential therapeutic approaches to nociplastic pain. Translation of their analgesic efficacy from RIM animal model to patients remains an issue to be addressed. Successful translation would lead to better therapies for nociplastic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Nagakura
- School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
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Li R, Wang F, Dang S, Yao M, Zhang W, Wang J. Integrated 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and Metabolomics Analysis to Investigate the Important Role of Osthole on Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolites in Neuropathic Pain Mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:813626. [PMID: 35197864 PMCID: PMC8860327 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.813626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that neuropathic pain (NP) is closely connected to the metabolic disorder of gut microbiota, and natural products could relieve NP by regulating gut microbiota. The purpose of this study is to investigate the important regulatory effects of osthole on gut microbiota and serum metabolites in mice with chronic constriction injury (CCI). Mice's intestinal contents and serum metabolites were collected from the sham group, CCI group, and osthole treatment CCI group. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was analyzed, based on Illumina NovaSeq platform, and ANOVA analysis were used to analyze the composition variety and screen differential expression of intestinal bacteria in the three groups. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used for analyzing the data obtained from serum specimens, and KEGG enrichment analysis was used to identify pathways of differential metabolites in the treatment of neuralgia mice. Furthermore, the Pearson method and Cytoscape soft were used to analyze the correlation network of differential metabolites, gut microbiota, and disease genes. The analysis results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing displayed that Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobia were highly correlated with NP after osthole treatment at the phylum level. Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae_unclassified, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Clostridiales_unclassified exhibited higher relative abundance and were considered important microbial members at genus level in neuralgia mice. Serum metabolomics results showed that 131 metabolites were considered to be significantly different in the CCI group compared to the sham group, and 44 metabolites were significantly expressed between the osthole treatment group and the CCI group. At the same time, we found that 29 differential metabolites in the two comparison groups were overlapping. Integrated analysis results showed that many intestinal microorganisms and metabolites have a strong positive correlation. The correlation network diagram displays that 10 genes were involved in the process of osthole alleviating NP through a metabolic pathway and gut microbiota, including IGF2, GDAP1, MYLK, IL18, CD55, MIR331, FHIT, F3, ERBB4, and ITGB3. Our findings have preliminarily confirmed that NP is closely related to metabolism and intestinal microbial imbalance, and osthole can improve the metabolic disorder of NP by acting on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shajie Dang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Minna Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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10
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Brum ES, Becker G, Fialho MFP, Oliveira SM. Animal models of fibromyalgia: What is the best choice? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 230:107959. [PMID: 34265360 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex syndrome, with an indefinite aetiology and intricate pathophysiology that affects 2 - 3% of the world population. From the beginning of the 2000s, experimental animal models have been developed to mimic clinical FM and help obtain a better understanding of the relevant neurobiology. These animal models have enabled a broad study of FM symptoms and mechanisms, as well as new treatment strategies. Current experimental FM models include the reserpine-induced systemic depletion of biogenic amines, muscle application of acid saline, and stress-based (cold, sound, or swim) approaches, among other emerging models. FM models should: (i) mimic the cardinal symptoms and complaints reported by FM patients (e.g., spontaneous nociception, muscle pain, hypersensitivity); (ii) mimic primary comorbidities that can aggravate quality of life and lead to worse outcomes (e.g., fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety); (iii) mimic the prevalent pathological mechanisms (e.g., peripheral and central sensitization, inflammation/neuroinflammation, change in the levels of the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters); and (iv) demonstrate a pharmacological profile similar to the clinical treatment of FM. However, it is difficult for any one of these models to include the entire spectrum of clinical FM features once even FM patients are highly heterogeneous. In the past six years (2015 - 2020), a wide range of experimental FM studies has amounted to the literature reinforcing the need for an updated review. Here we have described, in detail, several approaches used to experimentally study FM, with a focus on recent studies in the field and in previously less discussed mechanisms. We highlight each model's challenges, limitations, and future directions, intending to help preclinical researchers establish the correct experimental FM model to use depending on their goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Silva Brum
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Centre of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Becker
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Centre of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Pessano Fialho
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Centre of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Centre of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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