1
|
Trávníček Z, Vančo J, Belza J, Zoppellaro G, Dvořák Z. Dinuclear copper(II) complexes with a bridging bis(chalcone) ligand reveal considerable in vitro cytotoxicity on human cancer cells and enhanced selectivity. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 252:112481. [PMID: 38215536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
A bis(chalcone) molecule (H2L) was synthesized via Aldol's condensation from terephthalaldehyde and 2'-hydroxyacetophenone and it was used as bridging ligand for the preparation of five dinuclear copper(II) complexes of the composition [Cu(NN)(μ-L)Cu(NN)](NO3)2⋅nH2O (n = 0-2) (1-5), where NN stands for a bidentate N-donor ligand such as phen (1,10-phenanthroline, 1), bpy (2,2'-bipyridine, 2), mebpy (5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridine, 3), bphen (bathophenanthroline, 4) and nphen (5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline, 5). The compounds were characterized by different suitable techniques to confirm their purity, composition, and structure. Moreover, the products were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity on a panel of human cancer cell lines: ovarian (A2780), ovarian resistant to cisplatin (A2780R), prostate (PC3), osteosarcoma (HOS), breast (MCF7) and lung (A549), and normal fibroblasts (MRC-5), showing significant cytotoxicity in most cases, with IC50 ≈ 0.35-7.8 μM. Additionally, the time-dependent cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of copper, together with flow cytometric studies concerning cell-cycle arrest, induction of cell death and autophagy and induction of intracellular ROS/superoxide production in A2780 cells, were also performed. The results of biological testing on A2780 cells pointed out a possible mechanism of action characterized by the G2/M cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis by triggering the intrinsic signalling pathway associated with the damage of mitochondrial structure and depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential. SYNOPSIS: Dinuclear Cu(II) complexes bearing a bridging bis(chalcone) ligand revealed high in vitro cytotoxicity, initiated A2780 cell arrest at G2/M phase and efficiently triggered intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Trávníček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials (RCPTM), Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Ján Vančo
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials (RCPTM), Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Belza
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials (RCPTM), Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Giorgio Zoppellaro
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials (RCPTM), Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Dvořák
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nian C, Gan X, Liu Q, Wu Y, Kong M, Zhang P, Jin M, Dong Z, Li W, Wang L, He W, Li X, Wu J. Synthesis and Anti-gastric Cancer Activity by Targeting FGFR1 Pathway of Novel Asymmetric Bis-chalcone Compounds. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:6521-6541. [PMID: 38847254 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673298420240530093525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bis-chalcone compounds with symmetrical structures, either isolated from natural products or chemically synthesized, have multiple pharmacological activities. Asymmetric Bis-chalcone compounds have not been reported before, which might be attributed to the synthetic challenges involved, and it remains unknown whether these compounds possess any potential pharmacological activities. AIMS The aim of this study is to investigate the synthesis route of asymmetric bis-chalcone compounds and identify potential candidates with efficient anti-tumor activity. METHODS The two-step structural optimization of the bis-chalcone compounds was carried out sequentially, guided by the screening of the compounds for their growth inhibitory activity against gastric cancer cells by MTT assay. The QSAR model of compounds was established through random forest (RF) algorithm. The activities of the optimal compound J3 on growth inhibition, apoptosis, and apoptosis-inducing protein expression in gastric cancer cells were investigated sequentially by colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting. Further, the inhibitory effects of J3 on the FGFR1 signaling pathway were explored by Western Blotting, shRNA, and MTT assays. Finally, the in vivo anti-tumor activity and mechanism of J3 were studied through nude mice xenograft assay, western blotting. RESULTS 27 asymmetric bis-chalcone compounds, including two types (N and J) were sequentially designed and synthesized. Some N-class compounds have good inhibitory activity on the growth of gastric cancer cells. The vast majority of J-class compounds optimized on the basis of N3 exhibit excellent inhibitory activity on gastric cancer cell growth. We established a QSAR model (R2 = 0.851627) by applying random forest algorithms. The optimal compound J3, which had better activity, concentration-dependently inhibited the formation of gastric cancer cell colonies and led to cell apoptosis by inducing the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein cleaved PARP in a dose-dependent manner. J3 may exert anti-gastric cancer effects by inhibiting the activation of FGFR1/ERK pathway. Moreover, at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, J3 inhibited tumor growth in nude mice by nearly 70% in vivo with no significant toxic effect on body weight and organs. CONCLUSION In summary, this study outlines a viable method for the synthesis of novel asymmetric bischalcone compounds. Furthermore, the compound J3 demonstrates substantial promise as a potential candidate for an anti-tumor drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Nian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xin Gan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei, 436000, China
| | - Qunpeng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yuna Wu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Miaomiao Kong
- The 1st affiliated hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Peiqin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Mingming Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Zhaojun Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wulan Li
- The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Ledan Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Wenfei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jianzhang Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou, 325027, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li P, Ma Y, Wang K, Shi X, Yang J, Liu G. Design, synthesis and antitumor activity of potent and safe para-quinone methides derivatives in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
4
|
Wu H, Qian D, Bai X, Sun S. Targeted Pyroptosis Is a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2515525. [PMID: 36467499 PMCID: PMC9715319 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2515525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
As a type of regulated cell death (RCD) mode, pyroptosis plays an important role in several kinds of cancers. Pyroptosis is induced by different stimuli, whose pathways are divided into the canonical pathway and the noncanonical pathway depending on the formation of the inflammasomes. The canonical pathway is triggered by the assembly of inflammasomes, and the activation of caspase-1 and then the cleavage of effector protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) are promoted. While in the noncanonical pathway, the caspase-4/5/11 (caspase 4/5 in humans and caspase 11 in mice) directly cleave GSDMD without the assembly of inflammasomes. Pyroptosis is involved in various cancers, such as lung cancer, gastric cancer, hepatic carcinoma, breast cancer, and colorectal carcinoma. Pyroptosis in gastric cancer, hepatic carcinoma, breast cancer, and colorectal carcinoma is related to the canonical pathway, while both the canonical and noncanonical pathway participate in lung cancer. Moreover, simvastatin, metformin, and curcumin have effect on these cancers and simultaneously promote the pyroptosis of cancer cells. Accordingly, pyroptosis may be an important therapeutic target for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Clinical Medicine, Three Class, 2020 Grade, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Dianlun Qian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangfeng Bai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shibo Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li PX, Li YM, Mu WW, Liu Y, Yang J, Liu GY. 2,2′-Methoxyl Mono-Carbonyl Curcumin Promotes HEPG2 Cell Apoptosis and ROS Generation. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Synthesis, in vitro and in silico antitumor evaluation of 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1,5-diphenylpentane-1,5‑dione: Structure, spectroscopic, RDG, Hirshfeld and DFT based analyses. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
7
|
Liu Y, Li PX, Mu WW, Sun YL, Liu RM, Yang J, Liu G. Design, synthesis, and anticancer activity of cinnamoylated barbituric acid derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100809. [PMID: 34931450 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background As reactive and biomimetic pharmacophores, heterocycles have found a potent impact in the domain of medicinal chemistry. Aim This work deals with the design and synthesis of 18 barbituric acid derivatives bearing 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid and cinnamic acid scaffolds to find potent anticancer agents. Methodology The target molecules were obtained through Knoevenagel condensation and acylation reaction. The cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTT assay. Flowcytometry was performed to determined the cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, ROS levels and the loss of MMP. The ratios of GSH/GSSG and the MDA levels were determined by using UV spectrophotometry. Results The results revealed that introducing substitutions (-CF3, -OCF3, -F) on the meta- of the benzyl ring of barbituric acid derivatives led to a considerable increase in the antiproliferative activities compared with that of corresponding ortho- and para-substituted barbituric acid derivatives. Mechanism investigation implied that the 1c could increase the ROS and MDA level, decrease the ratio of GSH/GSSG and MMP, and lead to cell cycle arrest. Conclusion Further research is needed for structural optimization to enhance hydrophilicity, thereby improve the biological activity of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Liaocheng University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 Hunan street, Liaocheng, CHINA
| | - Peng-Xiao Li
- Liaocheng University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 Hunan street, Liaocheng, CHINA
| | - Wen-Wen Mu
- Liaocheng University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 Hunan street, Liaocheng, CHINA
| | - Ya-Lei Sun
- Qingdao Vland Biotech INC, Qingdao Vland Biotech INC, 3 chunyang road, Qingdao, CHINA
| | - Ren-Min Liu
- Liaocheng University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 Hunan street, Liaocheng, CHINA
| | - Jie Yang
- LiaoCheng University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 Hunan street, Liaocheng, CHINA
| | - Guoyun Liu
- Liaocheng University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 Hunan Street, 252000, Liaocheng, CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang W, Chen Z, Chen X, Ni S, Jia Y, Fan L, Ma L. DG-8d, a novel diosgenin derivative, decreases the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of A549 cells by inhibiting the PI3k/Akt signaling pathway. Steroids 2021; 174:108898. [PMID: 34339756 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung neoplasm has a relatively poor prognosis, and the clinical efficacy of targeted medicine remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, the development of novel efficient anti-lung cancer drugs is urgently needed. In our previous study, we showed that a novel diosgenin derivative 8d (DG-8d), which contained 5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety, had significant cytotoxic activity on human tumor cells, especially the A549 cells. However, the underlying mechanism of DG-8d was unknown. In this study, the pharmacological effect of DG-8d on the A549 cells was inspected. METHOD Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 assays, morphological changes and quantitative analysis of flow cytometry. Levels of gene and protein expression of apoptosis-related and PI3k/Akt pathway were evaluated by qRT-PCR, immunostaining and Western blot analysis. RESULT The findings proved that DG-8d could inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. The effect of DG-8d on the proliferation and apoptosis in the A549 cells were improved with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). Moreover, the effect of DG-8d on apoptosis was further confirmed by AO-EB dye, mitochondrial depolarization and accrued intracellular ROS. Gene and protein detection showed that DG-8d or DG-8d combined with LY294002 could down-regulate signaling molecules of Bcl-2, PI3k, p-Akt, p-FoxO3a and up-regulate signaling molecules of Bax snd Bim. In addition, nuclear translocation of FoxO3a was observed significantly in the cells. CONCLUSION DG-8d could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of the A549 cells, which maybe mainly because of the suppression of the PI3k/Akt pathways. Finally, we believe that DG-8d can be developed as a possible agent for carcinoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Wang
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Shiyu Ni
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Daqing 163001, China
| | - Yongming Jia
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Li Fan
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Liwei Ma
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cinnamic acid/β-ionone hybrids: synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity evaluation. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
10
|
Sun AL, Mu WW, Li YM, Sun YL, Li PX, Liu RM, Yang J, Liu GY. Piperlongumine Analogs Promote A549 Cell Apoptosis through Enhancing ROS Generation. Molecules 2021; 26:3243. [PMID: 34071298 PMCID: PMC8198376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents, which contain the Michael acceptor, are potent anticancer molecules by promoting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this study, we synthesized a panel of PL (piperlongumine) analogs with chlorine attaching at C2 and an electron-withdrawing/electron-donating group attaching to the aromatic ring. The results displayed that the strong electrophilicity group at the C2-C3 double bond of PL analogs plays an important role in the cytotoxicity whereas the electric effect of substituents, which attached to the aromatic ring, partly contributed to the anticancer activity. Moreover, the protein containing sulfydryl or seleno, such as TrxR, could be irreversibly inhibited by the C2-C3 double bond of PL analogs, and boost intracellular ROS generation. Then, the ROS accumulation could disrupt the redox balance, induce lipid peroxidation, lead to the loss of MMP (Mitochondrial Membrane Potential), and ultimately result in cell cycle arrest and A549 cell line death. In conclusion, PL analogs could induce in vitro cancer apoptosis through the inhibition of TrxR and ROS accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ling Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;
| | - Wen-Wen Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (W.-W.M.); (P.-X.L.); (R.-M.L.)
| | - Yan-Mo Li
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Ya-Lei Sun
- Qingdao Vland Biotech INC, Qingdao 266000, China;
| | - Peng-Xiao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (W.-W.M.); (P.-X.L.); (R.-M.L.)
| | - Ren-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (W.-W.M.); (P.-X.L.); (R.-M.L.)
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (W.-W.M.); (P.-X.L.); (R.-M.L.)
| | - Guo-Yun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (W.-W.M.); (P.-X.L.); (R.-M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kyhoiesh HAK, Al-Adilee KJ. Synthesis, spectral characterization, antimicrobial evaluation studies and cytotoxic activity of some transition metal complexes with tridentate (N,N,O) donor azo dye ligand. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
12
|
Mu WW, Li PX, Liu Y, Yang J, Liu GY. The potential role of the 5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1 H)-one unit of piperlongumine on the anticancer activity. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42128-42136. [PMID: 35516728 PMCID: PMC9059148 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08778e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PL), a potent anticancer agent from the plant long pepper (Piper longum), contains the 5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one heterocyclic scaffold and cinnamoyl unit. In this paper, we synthesized a series of PL analogs and evaluated their cytotoxicity against cancer cells for the sake of exploring which pharmacophore plays a more potent role in enhancing the anticancer activities of PL. These results illustrated that the position effect, not the electronic effect, of substituents plays a certain role in the cytotoxicity of PL and its analogs. More important, the 5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one unit, a potent pharmacophore in enhancing the antiproliferative activities of PL, could react with cysteamine and lead to ROS generation, and then bring about the occurrence of ROS-induced downstream events, followed by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This work suggests that introducing a lactam unit containing Michael acceptors may be a potent strategy to enhancing the anticancer activity of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University 1 Hunan Street Liaocheng Shandong 252000 China +86 15063505132
| | - Peng-Xiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University 1 Hunan Street Liaocheng Shandong 252000 China +86 15063505132
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University 1 Hunan Street Liaocheng Shandong 252000 China +86 15063505132
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University 1 Hunan Street Liaocheng Shandong 252000 China +86 15063505132
| | - Guo-Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University 1 Hunan Street Liaocheng Shandong 252000 China +86 15063505132
| |
Collapse
|