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Afzal S, Sattar MA, Albokhadaim I, Attiq A, Kandeel M, Manap ASA, Alhojaily SM. Interaction between Nuclear Receptor and Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist Subtypes in Metabolism and Systemic Hemodynamics of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. PPAR Res 2024; 2024:5868010. [PMID: 38899161 PMCID: PMC11186691 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5868010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Partial and full PPAR-γ agonists have shown promising effects and antihypertensive and antidiabetic agents through increased plasma adiponectin concentration. This study is aimed at examining the role of PPAR-γ, alpha-adrenoceptors, and adiponectin receptors in the modulation of vasopressor responses to angiotensin II (Ang II) and adrenergic agonists, after a subset treatment of partial and full PPAR-γ agonists, each individually, and also when coupled with adiponectin in SHRs. The antioxidant potential and metabolic indices for these animals were also determined. Group I (WKY) and group II (SHR) were designated as normotensive control and hypertensive control, respectively. Groups III (SHR) and IV (SHR) received irbesartan (30 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) orally for 28 days, and groups V (SHR), VI (SHR), and VII (SHR) were treated with adiponectin (2.5 μg/kg) intraperitoneally alone, in combination with irbesartan, and in combination with pioglitazone, respectively, from days 21 to 28 only. On day 29, sodium pentobarbitone (60 mg/kg) was used to anesthetize all test animals, and systemic hemodynamic and plasma adiponectin concentrations and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential were measured. As compared to the WKY control, the SHR control group's noninvasive blood pressure and basal mean arterial pressure were significantly greater, along with increased arterial stiffness, lower plasma nitric oxide, adiponectin concentration, and antioxidant enzyme levels (all P < 0.05). However, they were gradually normalized by single drug treatments in all groups, and to a greater extent in the SHR + Irb + Adp group (P < 0.05). In the acute study, the dose dependant mean arterial pressure responses to intravenously administered adrenergic agonists and angiotensin-II were significantly larger in SHRs as compared to WKY by 20-25%. Adiponectin alone and in combination significantly blunted vasopressor responses to these alpha-adrenergic agonists in the SHR + Pio + Adp group by 63%, whereas attenuated responses to ANG-II administration to 70% in SHR + Irb + Adp. In conclusion, the combined treatment of adiponectin with PPAR-agonists reduced the systemic vascular responses to adrenergic agonists and improved arterial stiffness. This an evidence of the interaction of adiponectin receptors, PPAR-γ, alpha-adrenoceptors, and ANG-II in the systemic vasculature of SHRs. A significant level of synergism has also been proved among full PPAR-γ agonists and adiponectin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryar Afzal
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCollege of Veterinary MedicineKing Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- Discipline of PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Munavvar Abdul Sattar
- Discipline of PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Albokhadaim
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCollege of Veterinary MedicineKing Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Attiq
- Discipline of PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCollege of Veterinary MedicineKing Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCollege of Veterinary MedicineKing Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer M. Alhojaily
- Department of Biomedical ScienceCollege of Veterinary MedicineKing Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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Zhou Y, Suo W, Zhang X, Liang J, Zhao W, Wang Y, Li H, Ni Q. Targeting mitochondrial quality control for diabetic cardiomyopathy: Therapeutic potential of hypoglycemic drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115669. [PMID: 37820568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a chronic cardiovascular complication caused by diabetes that is characterized by changes in myocardial structure and function, ultimately leading to heart failure and even death. Mitochondria serve as the provider of energy to cardiomyocytes, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In response to a series of pathological changes caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, the mitochondrial quality control system is activated. The mitochondrial quality control system (including mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and fission, and mitophagy) is core to maintaining the normal structure of mitochondria and performing their normal physiological functions. However, mitochondrial quality control is abnormal in diabetic cardiomyopathy, resulting in insufficient mitochondrial fusion and excessive fission within the cardiomyocyte, and fragmented mitochondria are not phagocytosed in a timely manner, accumulating within the cardiomyocyte resulting in cardiomyocyte injury. Currently, there is no specific therapy or prevention for diabetic cardiomyopathy, and glycemic control remains the mainstay. In this review, we first elucidate the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and explore the link between pathological mitochondrial quality control and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Then, we summarize how clinically used hypoglycemic agents (including sodium-glucose cotransport protein 2 inhibitions, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, metformin, and α-glucosidase inhibitors) exert cardioprotective effects to treat and prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy by targeting the mitochondrial quality control system. In addition, the mechanisms of complementary alternative therapies, such as active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, exercise, and lifestyle, targeting mitochondrial quality control for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy are also added, which lays the foundation for the excavation of new diabetic cardioprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhou
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wendong Suo
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinai Zhang
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liang
- Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou 450064, China
| | - Weizhe Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong Li
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qing Ni
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China.
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Kamata S, Honda A, Ishikawa R, Akahane M, Fujita A, Kaneko C, Miyawaki S, Habu Y, Shiiyama Y, Uchii K, Machida Y, Oyama T, Ishii I. Functional and Structural Insights into the Human PPARα/δ/γ Targeting Preferences of Anti-NASH Investigational Drugs, Lanifibranor, Seladelpar, and Elafibranor. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1523. [PMID: 37627519 PMCID: PMC10451623 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
No therapeutic drugs are currently available for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that progresses from nonalcoholic fatty liver via oxidative stress-involved pathways. Three cognate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes (PPARα/δ/γ) are considered as attractive targets. Although lanifibranor (PPARα/δ/γ pan agonist) and saroglitazar (PPARα/γ dual agonist) are currently under investigation in clinical trials for NASH, the development of seladelpar (PPARδ-selective agonist), elafibranor (PPARα/δ dual agonist), and many other dual/pan agonists has been discontinued due to serious side effects or little/no efficacies. This study aimed to obtain functional and structural insights into the potency, efficacy, and selectivity against PPARα/δ/γ of three current and past anti-NASH investigational drugs: lanifibranor, seladelpar, and elafibranor. Ligand activities were evaluated by three assays to detect different facets of the PPAR activation: transactivation assay, coactivator recruitment assay, and thermal stability assay. Seven high-resolution cocrystal structures (namely, those of the PPARα/δ/γ-ligand-binding domain (LBD)-lanifibranor, PPARα/δ/γ-LBD-seladelpar, and PPARα-LBD-elafibranor) were obtained through X-ray diffraction analyses, six of which represent the first deposit in the Protein Data Bank. Lanifibranor and seladelpar were found to bind to different regions of the PPARα/δ/γ-ligand-binding pockets and activated all PPAR subtypes with different potencies and efficacies in the three assays. In contrast, elafibranor induced transactivation and coactivator recruitment (not thermal stability) of all PPAR subtypes, but the PPARδ/γ-LBD-elafibranor cocrystals were not obtained. These results illustrate the highly variable PPARα/δ/γ activation profiles and binding modes of these PPAR ligands that define their pharmacological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Kamata
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Honda
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishikawa
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Akahane
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayane Fujita
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kaneko
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saeka Miyawaki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Habu
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Shiiyama
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kie Uchii
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Machida
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Oyama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan
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Miao M, Wang X, Liu T, Li YJ, Yu WQ, Yang TM, Guo SD. Targeting PPARs for therapy of atherosclerosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125008. [PMID: 37217063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chief pathogenic factor of cardiovascular disease, is associated with many factors including inflammation, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and are widely expressed with tissue- and cell-specificity. They control multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and redox homeostasis. Given the diverse biological functions of PPARs, they have been extensively studied since their discovery in 1990s. Although controversies exist, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that PPAR activation attenuates atherosclerosis. Recent advances are valuable for understanding the mechanisms of action of PPAR activation. This article reviews the recent findings, mainly from the year of 2018 to present, including endogenous molecules in regulation of PPARs, roles of PPARs in atherosclerosis by focusing on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and synthesized PPAR modulators. This article provides information valuable for researchers in the field of basic cardiovascular research, for pharmacologists that are interested in developing novel PPAR agonists and antagonists with lower side effects as well as for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tong-Mei Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Fabrication of Nutraceutical Beverage from Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Extract and Studying Its Health Effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/7130266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A saffron extract-based beverage (SEBB) was formulated and characterized based on its sensory attributes and health benefits. The main bioactive compounds of saffron extract (crocin and safranal) were quantified. Three formulations of SEBB were prepared based on the sucrose concentration: SEBB 1 contained 65 g of sucrose per 500 ml, SEBB 2 contained 17.5 g, and SEBB 3 contained 79.5 g. The SEBB most desired by consumers was then subjected to biochemical analysis to evaluate its antioxidative effects on the damage induced by food contaminated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Fifteen albino rats were split into five groups and treated with different doses of CCl4 or SEBB according to the planned animal experiment for 62 days. Sensory evaluation illustrated that SEBB 1 had the highest acceptability scores. The content of crocin and safranal was 23.039 and 4.135 ppm, respectively. The SEBB ameliorated the increased activity of enzymes involved in liver and kidney function and improved the total antioxidant capacity, blood glucose, and lipid profile.
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Fang S, Wu J, Reho JJ, Lu KT, Brozoski DT, Kumar G, Werthman AM, Silva SD, Muskus Veitia PC, Wackman KK, Mathison AJ, Teng BQ, Lin CW, Quelle FW, Sigmund CD. RhoBTB1 reverses established arterial stiffness in angiotensin-II hypertension by promoting actin depolymerization. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158043. [PMID: 35358093 PMCID: PMC9090250 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness predicts cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, but its treatment remains challenging. Mice treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) develop hypertension, arterial stiffness, vascular dysfunction, and a downregulation of Rho-related BTB domain–containing protein 1 (RhoBTB1) in the vasculature. RhoBTB1 is associated with blood pressure regulation, but its function is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that restoring RhoBTB1 can attenuate arterial stiffness, hypertension, and vascular dysfunction in Ang II–treated mice. Genetic complementation of RhoBTB1 in the vasculature was achieved using mice expressing a tamoxifen-inducible, smooth muscle–specific RhoBTB1 transgene. RhoBTB1 restoration efficiently and rapidly alleviated arterial stiffness but not hypertension or vascular dysfunction. Mechanistic studies revealed that RhoBTB1 had no substantial effect on several classical arterial stiffness contributors, such as collagen deposition, elastin content, and vascular smooth muscle remodeling. Instead, Ang II increased actin polymerization in the aorta, which was reversed by RhoBTB1. Changes in the levels of 2 regulators of actin polymerization, cofilin and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, in response to RhoBTB1 were consistent with an actin depolymerization mechanism. Our study reveals an important function of RhoBTB1, demonstrates its vital role in antagonizing established arterial stiffness, and further supports a functional and mechanistic separation among hypertension, vascular dysfunction, and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Fang
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Ko-Ting Lu
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Daniel T Brozoski
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Alec M Werthman
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Sebastiao Donato Silva
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Patricia C Muskus Veitia
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Kelsey K Wackman
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Angela J Mathison
- Department of Surgery and the Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Cente, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwawkee, United States of America
| | - Bi Qing Teng
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Frederick W Quelle
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
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Afzal S, Sattar MA, Eseyin OA, Attiq A, Johns EJ. Crosstalk relationship between adiponectin receptors, PPAR-γ and α-adrenoceptors in renal vasculature of diabetic WKYs. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 917:174703. [PMID: 34973951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with renal dysfunctions. Irbesartan and pioglitazone activate Peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptor (PPAR-γ) as partial and full agonists. We investigated a crosstalk interaction and synergistic action between adiponectin receptors, PPAR-γ agonists in attenuating renal hemodynamics to adrenergic agonists in diabetic Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes, whereas, pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/day), irbesartan (30 mg/kg/day) administered orally for 28 days and adiponectin intraperitoneally (2.5 μg/kg/day) for last 7 days. Metabolic and plasma samples were analyzed on days 0, 8, 21, and 28. During the acute study (day 29), renal vasoconstrictor actions to adrenergic agonists and angiotensin-II were determined. Diabetic WKYs had lower plasma adiponectin, higher creatinine clearance, urinary and fractional sodium excretion but were normalized to a greater extent in pioglitazone and adiponectin combined treatment. Responses to intra-renal administration of adrenergic agonists including noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE), methoxamine (ME), and angiotensin-II (ANG-II) were larger in diabetic WKY, but significantly blunted with adiponectin treatment in diabetic WKYs to 35-40%, and further reduced by 65-70% in combination with pioglitazone. Attenuation to ANG-II responses in adiponectin and combination with irbesartan was 30-35% and 75-80%, respectively (P < 0.05). Pharmacodynamically, a crosstalk interaction exists between PPAR-γ, adiponectin receptors (adipo R1 & R2), alpha adrenoceptors, and angiotensin-I (ATI) receptors in the renal vasculature of diabetic WKYs. Exogenously administered adiponectin with full PPAR-γ agonist substantially attenuated renal hemodynamics and improved excretory functions, signifying their renoprotective action. Additionally, a degree of synergism exists between adiponectin and pioglitazone to a large extent compared to combination therapy with irbesartan (partial PPAR-γ agonist) in attenuating the renal vascular receptiveness to adrenergic agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryar Afzal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | | | - Ali Attiq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia.
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