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Kuś J, Saramowicz K, Czerniawska M, Wiese W, Siwecka N, Rozpędek-Kamińska W, Kucharska-Lusina A, Strzelecki D, Majsterek I. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying NMDARs Dysfunction and Their Role in ADHD Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12983. [PMID: 37629164 PMCID: PMC10454781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, although the aetiology of ADHD is not yet understood. One proposed theory for developing ADHD is N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) dysfunction. NMDARs are involved in regulating synaptic plasticity and memory function in the brain. Abnormal expression or polymorphism of some genes associated with ADHD results in NMDAR dysfunction. Correspondingly, NMDAR malfunction in animal models results in ADHD-like symptoms, such as impulsivity and hyperactivity. Currently, there are no drugs for ADHD that specifically target NMDARs. However, NMDAR-stabilizing drugs have shown promise in improving ADHD symptoms with fewer side effects than the currently most widely used psychostimulant in ADHD treatment, methylphenidate. In this review, we outline the molecular and genetic basis of NMDAR malfunction and how it affects the course of ADHD. We also present new therapeutic options related to treating ADHD by targeting NMDAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kuś
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
| | - Kamil Saramowicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
| | - Maria Czerniawska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
| | - Wojciech Wiese
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
| | - Natalia Siwecka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
| | - Wioletta Rozpędek-Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
| | - Aleksandra Kucharska-Lusina
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (K.S.); (M.C.); (W.W.); (N.S.); (W.R.-K.); (A.K.-L.)
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Agostini S, Mancuso R, Costa AS, Guerini FR, Trecate F, Miglioli R, Menna E, Arosio B, Clerici M. Sarcopenia associates with SNAP-25 SNPs and a miRNAs profile which is modulated by structured rehabilitation treatment. J Transl Med 2021; 19:315. [PMID: 34289870 PMCID: PMC8296538 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and strength causing disability, morbidity, and mortality in older adults, which is characterized by alterations of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). SNAP-25 is essential for the maintenance of NMJ integrity, and the expression of this protein was shown to be modulated by the SNAP-25 rs363050 polymorphism and by a number of miRNAs. Methods We analysed these parameters in a cohort of sarcopenic patients undergoing structured rehabilitation. The rs363050 genotype frequency distribution was analyzed in 177 sarcopenic patients and 181 healthy controls (HC). The concentration of seven miRNAs (miR-451a, miR-425-5p, miR155-5p, miR-421-3p, miR-495-3p, miR-744-5p and miR-93-5p), identified by mouse brain miRNome analysis to be differentially expressed in wild type compared to SNAP-25± heterozygous mice, was analyzed as well by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in a subgroup of severe sarcopenic patients undergoing rehabilitation. Results The SNAP-25 rs363050 AA genotype was significantly more common in sarcopenic patients compared to HC (pc = 0.01); miR-451a was significantly up-regulated in these patients before rehabilitation. Rehabilitation modified miRNAs expression, as miR-155-5p, miR-421-3p, miR-451a, miR-425-5p, miR-744-5p and miR-93-5p expression was significantly up-regulated (p < 0.01), whereas that of miR-495-3p was significantly down-regulated (p < 0.001) by rehabilitation. Notably, rehabilitation-associated improvement of the muscle-skeletal SPPB score was significantly associated with the reduction of miR-451a expression. Conclusion These results support the hypothesis of a role for SNAP-25 in sarcopenia and suggest SNAP-25-associated miRNAs as circulatory biomarkers of rehabilitative outcome for sarcopenia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02989-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Agostini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100, Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberta Mancuso
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Saul Costa
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Rosa Guerini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Trecate
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Miglioli
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Menna
- CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, P.zza Morandi, 3, 20100, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Wang M, Gu X, Huang X, Zhang Q, Chen X, Wu J. STX1A gene variations contribute to the susceptibility of children attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a case-control association study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:689-699. [PMID: 30976917 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It was presumed syntaxin-1A (STX1A) might relate to the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the results were inconsistent. The present study aims to confirm whether the STX1A gene is involved in the susceptibility of children ADHD. We genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of STX1A gene using Sequenom MassARRAY technology. A case-control study was performed among Chinese Han population including 754 cases and 772 controls from two different provinces. The Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire and Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test were used to assess ADHD clinical symptoms. We found for the first time that rs3793243 GG genotype carriers had a lower risk of ADHD compared with AA genotype (OR 0.564, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.406-0.692, P = 0.001), and rs875342 was also associated with children ADHD (OR 1.806, 95% CI 1.349-2.591, P = 0.001). In addition, the two positive SNPs were also significantly associated with the clinical characteristics of ADHD. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis indicated that rs3793243 might mediate STX1A gene expression. Using a case-control study to explore the association between STX1A gene and children ADHD in Chinese Han population, our results suggest STX1A genetic variants might contribute to the susceptibility of children ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Analysis of shared homozygosity regions in Saudi siblings with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatr Genet 2018; 27:131-138. [PMID: 28452824 PMCID: PMC5495552 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Genetic and clinical complexities are common features of most psychiatric illnesses that pose a major obstacle in risk-gene identification. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent child-onset psychiatric illness, with high heritability. Over the past decade, numerous genetic studies utilizing various approaches, such as genome-wide association, candidate-gene association, and linkage analysis, have identified a multitude of candidate loci/genes. However, such studies have yielded diverse findings that are rarely reproduced, indicating that other genetic determinants have not been discovered yet. In this study, we carried out sib-pair analysis on seven multiplex families with ADHD from Saudi Arabia. We aimed to identify the candidate chromosomal regions and genes linked to the disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 41 individuals from multiplex families were analyzed for shared regions of homozygosity. Genes within these regions were prioritized according to their potential relevance to ADHD. RESULTS We identified multiple genomic regions spanning different chromosomes to be shared among affected members of each family; these included chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 17, and 18. We also found specific regions on chromosomes 8 and 17 to be shared between affected individuals from more than one family. Among the genes present in the regions reported here were involved in neurotransmission (GRM3, SIGMAR1, CHAT, and SLC18A3) and members of the HLA gene family (HLA-A, HLA-DPA1, and MICC). CONCLUSION The candidate regions identified in this study highlight the genetic diversity of ADHD. Upon further investigation, these loci may reveal candidate genes that enclose variants associated with ADHD. Although most ADHD studies were conducted in other populations, our study provides insight from an understudied, ethnically interesting population.
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Safari MR, Omrani MD, Noroozi R, Sayad A, Sarrafzadeh S, Komaki A, Manjili FA, Mazdeh M, Ghaleiha A, Taheri M. Synaptosome-Associated Protein 25 (SNAP25) Gene Association Analysis Revealed Risk Variants for ASD, in Iranian Population. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:305-311. [PMID: 27888397 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common, complex neurological condition, affecting approximately 1% of people worldwide. Monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders which showed autistic behavior patterns have suggested synaptic dysfunction, as a key mechanism in the pathophysiology of ASD. Subsequently, genes involved in synaptic signaling have been investigated with a priority for candidate gene studies. A synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25) gene plays a crucial role in the central nervous system, contributing to exocytosis by targeting and fusion of vesicles to the cell membrane. Studies have shown a correlation between aberrant expression of the SNAP25 and a variety of brain diseases. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene are associated with several psychiatric diseases, such as bipolar, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether polymorphisms (rs3746544 and rs1051312) in the regulatory 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the SNAP25 gene have an association with ASD in unrelated Iranian case (N = 524)-control (N = 472) samples. We observed robust association of the rs3746544 SNP and ASD patients, in both allele and haplotype-based analyses. Our results supported the previous observations and indicated a possible role for SNAP25 polymorphisms as susceptibility genetic factors involved in developing ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Safari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Labbafi Nejad Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Amir Ebrahimi St, Pasdaran Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Noroozi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Sarrafzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdokht Mazdeh
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neurology, Hamadan University of Medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaleiha
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Labbafi Nejad Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Amir Ebrahimi St, Pasdaran Ave, Tehran, Iran.
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Noor A, Zahid S. A review of the role of synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) in neurological disorders. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:805-811. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2016.1248240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aneeqa Noor
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ye C, Hu Z, Wu E, Yang X, Buford UJ, Guo Z, Saveanu RV. Two SNAP-25 genetic variants in the binding site of multiple microRNAs and susceptibility of ADHD: A meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 81:56-62. [PMID: 27380186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the associations between two most widely investigated polymorphisms (rs3746544 and rs1051312) in the 3'UTR of the SNAP-25 gene and susceptibility of ADHD. Two investigators selected related studies and assessed methodological quality independently. Six studies were included in this meta-analysis for a total of 715 cases and 655 controls. There is no apparent association between rs3746544 polymorphisms and risk of ADHD. However, subgroup analysis based on ethnicity demonstrated a strong association between rs3746544 polymorphism and ADHD in the subset of Asian participants, but not among Caucasians. Compared to the T allele, the allele G was associated with a significantly decreased risk of developing ADHD in the Asian population (odds ratio (OR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.52-0.95, p = 0.02). The association between the TT genotype and ADHD risk was also significantly increased as compared to G/T (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.00-2.44, p = 0.05) and the dominant genetic model (GG + GT vs. TT: OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.07-2.13, p = 0.02). For the rs1051312 SNP, being homozygous for the minor allele (C/C) was associated with a 3.66 higher odds of ADHD as compared to cases homozygous for the major allele (T/T) (95% CI = 1.64-8.13, p = 0.001), and 3.57 higher odds as compared to heterozygous (C/T) carriers (95% CI = 2.01-12.90, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the polymorphisms rs3746544 and rs1051312 may increase the odds of developing ADHD. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhong Ye
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, 1695 NW 9th Ave, 33136, United States.
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Yuan Road University Town, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Evan Wu
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, United States
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Yuan Road University Town, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Ushimbra J Buford
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, 1695 NW 9th Ave, 33136, United States
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, 1695 NW 9th Ave, 33136, United States
| | - Radu V Saveanu
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, 1695 NW 9th Ave, 33136, United States
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Zieminska E, Lenart J, Lazarewicz JW. Select putative neurodevelopmental toxins modify SNAP-25 expression in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells. Toxicology 2016; 370:86-93. [PMID: 27693314 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A presynaptic protein SNAP-25 belonging to SNARE complex which is instrumental in intracellular vesicular trafficking and exocytosis, has been implicated in hyperactivity and cognitive abilities in some neuropsychiatric disorders. The unclear etiology of the behavior disrupting neurodevelopmental disabilities in addition to genetic causes most likely involves environmental factors. The aim of this in vitro study was to test if various suspected developmental neurotoxins can alter SNAP-25 mRNA and protein expression in neurons. Real-time PCR and Western blotting analyses were used to assess SNAP-25 mRNA and protein levels in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells (CGCs). The test substances: tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), thimerosal (TH), silver nanoparticles (NAg), valproic acid (VPA) and thalidomide (THAL), were administered to CGC cultures at subtoxic concentrations for 24h. The results demonstrated that SNAP-25 mRNA levels were increased by 49 and 66% by TBBPA and THAL, respectively, whereas VPA and NAg reduced these levels to 48 and 64% of the control, respectively. The SNAP-25 protein content in CGCs was increased by 79% by TBBPA, 25% by THAL and 21% by NAg; VPA and TH reduced these levels to 73 and 69% of the control, respectively. The variety of changes in SNAP-25 expression on mRNA and protein level suggests the diversity of the mechanism of action of the test substances. This initial study provided no data on concentration-effect relations and on functional changes in CGCs. However it is the first to demonstrate the effect of different compounds that are suspected of causing neurodevelopmental disabilities on SNAP-25 expression. These results suggest that this protein may be a common target for not only inherited but also environmental modifications linked to behavioral deficits in neurodevelopmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Zieminska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Lenart
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jerzy W Lazarewicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Antonucci F, Corradini I, Fossati G, Tomasoni R, Menna E, Matteoli M. SNAP-25, a Known Presynaptic Protein with Emerging Postsynaptic Functions. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 8:7. [PMID: 27047369 PMCID: PMC4805587 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of synaptic specializations is their dependence on highly organized complexes of proteins that interact with each other. The loss or modification of key synaptic proteins directly affects the properties of such networks, ultimately impacting synaptic function. SNAP-25 is a component of the SNARE complex, which is central to synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and, by directly interacting with different calcium channels subunits, it negatively modulates neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels, thus regulating intracellular calcium dynamics. The SNAP-25 gene has been associated with distinct brain diseases, including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, indicating that the protein may act as a shared biological substrate among different "synaptopathies". The mechanisms by which alterations in SNAP-25 may concur to these psychiatric diseases are still undefined, although alterations in neurotransmitter release have been indicated as potential causative processes. This review summarizes recent work showing that SNAP-25 not only controls exo/endocytic processes at the presynaptic terminal, but also regulates postsynaptic receptor trafficking, spine morphogenesis, and plasticity, thus opening the possibility that SNAP-25 defects may contribute to psychiatric diseases by impacting not only presynaptic but also postsynaptic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Antonucci
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Corradini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy; Istituto di Neuroscienze, Centro Nazionale RicercheMilan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Fossati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS Rozzano Rozzano, Italy
| | - Romana Tomasoni
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS Rozzano Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Menna
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Centro Nazionale RicercheMilan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS RozzanoRozzano, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Centro Nazionale RicercheMilan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS RozzanoRozzano, Italy
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Cupertino RB, Kappel DB, Bandeira CE, Schuch JB, da Silva BS, Müller D, Bau CHD, Mota NR. SNARE complex in developmental psychiatry: neurotransmitter exocytosis and beyond. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:867-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Rovaris DL, Mota NR, da Silva BS, Girardi P, Victor MM, Grevet EH, Bau CH, Contini V. Should we keep on? Looking into pharmacogenomics of ADHD in adulthood from a different perspective. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:1365-81. [PMID: 25155937 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable proportion of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) do not respond to the treatment with methylphenidate. This scenario could be due to inherited interindividual differences that may alter pharmacologic treatment response. In this sense, in 2012 we conducted a systematic search on PUBMED-indexed literature for articles containing information about pharmacogenomics of ADHD in adults. Five studies were found on methylphenidate pharmacogenomics and the only significant association was reported by one particular study. However, this single association with the SLC6A3 gene was not replicated in two subsequent reports. In the present review, although we could not find additional pharmacogenomics studies, we discuss these up-to-date findings and suggest new approaches for this field. Additionally, using systeomic-oriented databases, we provide a broad picture of new possible candidate genes as well as potential gene-gene interactions to be investigated in pharmacogenomics of persistent ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego L Rovaris
- Departament of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
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Braida D, Guerini FR, Ponzoni L, Corradini I, De Astis S, Pattini L, Bolognesi E, Benfante R, Fornasari D, Chiappedi M, Ghezzo A, Clerici M, Matteoli M, Sala M. Association between SNAP-25 gene polymorphisms and cognition in autism: functional consequences and potential therapeutic strategies. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e500. [PMID: 25629685 PMCID: PMC4312830 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is involved in different neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Consistently, SNAP-25 polymorphisms in humans are associated with hyperactivity and/or with low cognitive scores. We analysed five SNAP-25 gene polymorphisms (rs363050, rs363039, rs363043, rs3746544 and rs1051312) in 46 autistic children trying to correlate them with Childhood Autism Rating Scale and electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities. The functional effects of rs363050 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the gene transcriptional activity, by means of the luciferase reporter gene, were evaluated. To investigate the functional consequences that SNAP-25 reduction may have in children, the behaviour and EEG of SNAP-25(+/-) adolescent mice (SNAP-25(+/+)) were studied. Significant association of SNAP-25 polymorphism with decreasing cognitive scores was observed. Analysis of transcriptional activity revealed that SNP rs363050 encompasses a regulatory element, leading to protein expression decrease. Reduction of SNAP-25 levels in adolescent mice was associated with hyperactivity, cognitive and social impairment and an abnormal EEG, characterized by the occurrence of frequent spikes. Both EEG abnormalities and behavioural deficits were rescued by repeated exposure for 21 days to sodium salt valproate (VLP). A partial recovery of SNAP-25 expression content in SNAP-25(+/-) hippocampi was also observed by means of western blotting. A reduced expression of SNAP-25 is responsible for the cognitive deficits in children affected by autism spectrum disorders, as presumably occurring in the presence of rs363050(G) allele, and for behavioural and EEG alterations in adolescent mice. VLP treatment could result in novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Braida
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,Fondazione IRCCS Don Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | | | - L Ponzoni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,Fondazione Fratelli Confalonieri, Milan, Italy
| | | | - S De Astis
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Pattini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - R Benfante
- CNR—Neuroscience Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - D Fornasari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,CNR—Neuroscience Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Chiappedi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, National Neurological Institute C. Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Ghezzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Associazione Nazionale Famiglie di Persone con Disabilitá Affettiva e/o Relazionale (ANFFAS), Macerata, Italy
| | - M Clerici
- Fondazione IRCCS Don Gnocchi, Milan, Italy,Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Matteoli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - M Sala
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,CNR—Neuroscience Institute, Milan, Italy,Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, Milan 20129, Italy. E-mail:
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13
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Herken H, Erdal ME, Kenar ANİ, Ünal GA, Çakaloz B, Ay ME, Yücel E, Edgünlü T, Şengül C. Association of SNAP-25 Gene Ddel and Mnll Polymorphisms with Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2014; 11:476-80. [PMID: 25395980 PMCID: PMC4225213 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2014.11.4.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) gene is a presynaptic plasma membrane protein and an integral component of the vesicle docking and fusion machinery mediating secretion of neurotransmitters. Previously, several studies reported association between SNAP-25 and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated whether these SNAP-25 polymorphisms (MnlI T/G and DdelI T/C) were also associated with ADHD in the Turkish population. METHODS Our study comprised unrelated 139 subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and 73 controls and all were of Turkish origin. Genetic analyses were performed and patients were evaluated with Wender-Utah Rating Scale and Adult ADD/ADHD DSM IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale. RESULTS SNAP-25 DdelI polymorphism was not associated with ADHD but there was a statistically significant difference between ADHD patients and controls for SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism. For SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism patients with G/G genotype of the SNAP-25 gene MnlI polymorphism had higher Wender-Utah scores and higher scores in the 1st and 3rd parts of adult ADD/ADHD Scale. CONCLUSION We detected a significant association of the MnlI polymorphism in our ADHD sample which was similar to previous findings. Our study also revealed that SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism was also associated with symptom severity of ADHD. This study is also, the first report on the association of SNAP-25 with ADHD in the Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Herken
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Erdal
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nur İnci Kenar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Gonca Ayşe Ünal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Burcu Çakaloz
- Department of Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ertan Ay
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Erinç Yücel
- Department of Psychiatry, Servergazi State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Tuba Edgünlü
- School of Health, Muğla University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Cem Şengül
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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14
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Li Z, Chang SH, Zhang LY, Gao L, Wang J. Molecular genetic studies of ADHD and its candidate genes: a review. Psychiatry Res 2014; 219:10-24. [PMID: 24863865 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood-onset psychiatric disorder with high heritability. In recent years, numerous molecular genetic studies have been published to investigate susceptibility loci for ADHD. These results brought valuable candidates for further research, but they also presented great challenge for profound understanding of genetic data and general patterns of current molecular genetic studies of ADHD since they are scattered and heterogeneous. In this review, we presented a retrospective review of more than 300 molecular genetic studies for ADHD from two aspects: (1) the main achievements of various studies were summarized, including linkage studies, candidate-gene association studies, genome-wide association studies and genome-wide copy number variation studies, with a special focus on general patterns of study design and common sample features; (2) candidate genes for ADHD have been systematically evaluated in three ways for better utilization. The thorough summary of the achievements from various studies will provide an overview of the research status of molecular genetics studies for ADHD. Meanwhile, the analysis of general patterns and sample characteristics on the basis of these studies, as well as the integrative review of candidate ADHD genes, will propose new clues and directions for future experiment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Su-Hua Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liu-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
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15
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Chen G, Hu T, Li Q, Li J, Jia Y, Wang Z. Expression of synaptosomal-associated protein-25 in the rat brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2693-702. [PMID: 25206580 PMCID: PMC4145993 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.29.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptosomal-associated protein-25 is an important factor for synaptic functions and cognition. In this study, subarachnoid hemorrhage models with spatial learning disorder were established through a blood injection into the chiasmatic cistern. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis results showed that synaptosomal-associated protein-25 expression in the temporal lobe, hippocampus, and cerebellum significantly lower at days 1 and 3 following subarachnoid morrhage. Our findings indicate that synaptosomal-associated protein-25 expression was down-regulated in the rat brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tong Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China ; Department of Neurosurgery, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianke Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
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16
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Monge Galindo L, López-Pisón J, Samper Villagrasa P, Peña Segura J. Changes in the demand for paediatric neurology care in a Spanish tertiary care hospital over a 20-year period. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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17
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Evolución de la demanda asistencial neuropediátrica en un hospital español de tercer nivel a lo largo de 20 años. Neurologia 2014; 29:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Németh N, Kovács-Nagy R, Székely A, Sasvári-Székely M, Rónai Z. Association of impulsivity and polymorphic microRNA-641 target sites in the SNAP-25 gene. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84207. [PMID: 24391914 PMCID: PMC3877256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is a personality trait of high impact and is connected with several types of maladaptive behavior and psychiatric diseases, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alcohol and drug abuse, as well as pathological gambling and mood disorders. Polymorphic variants of the SNAP-25 gene emerged as putative genetic components of impulsivity, as SNAP-25 protein plays an important role in the central nervous system, and its SNPs are associated with several psychiatric disorders. In this study we aimed to investigate if polymorphisms in the regulatory regions of the SNAP-25 gene are in association with normal variability of impulsivity. Genotypes and haplotypes of two polymorphisms in the promoter (rs6077690 and rs6039769) and two SNPs in the 3' UTR (rs3746544 and rs1051312) of the SNAP-25 gene were determined in a healthy Hungarian population (N = 901) using PCR-RFLP or real-time PCR in combination with sequence specific probes. Significant association was found between the T-T 3' UTR haplotype and impulsivity, whereas no association could be detected with genotypes or haplotypes of the promoter loci. According to sequence alignment, the polymorphisms in the 3' UTR of the gene alter the binding site of microRNA-641, which was analyzed by luciferase reporter system. It was observed that haplotypes altering one or two nucleotides in the binding site of the seed region of microRNA-641 significantly increased the amount of generated protein in vitro. These findings support the role of polymorphic SNAP-25 variants both at psychogenetic and molecular biological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Németh
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Kovács-Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Székely
- Institute of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Sasvári-Székely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Rónai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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19
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Evidence of association between SNAP25 gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a Latin American sample. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 6:19-23. [PMID: 24362847 DOI: 10.1007/s12402-013-0123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most highly heritable behavioral disorders in childhood, with heritability estimates between 60 and 90 %. Family, twin and adoption studies have indicated a strong genetic component in the susceptibility to ADHD. The synaptosomal-associated protein of molecular weight 25 kDa (SNAP25) is a plasma membrane protein known to be involved in synaptic and neural plasticity. Animal model studies have shown that SNAP25 gene is responsible for hyperkinetic behavior in the coloboma mouse. In recent studies, several authors reported an association between SNAP25 and ADHD. In this study, we used a case-control approach to analyze the possible association of two polymorphisms of SNAP25 for possible association with ADHD in a sample of 73 cases and 152 controls in a Colombian children population. Polymorphisms are located in 3' untranslated region of SNAP25, positions T1065G and T1069C. We found a significant association with the GT haplotype (rs3746554|rs1051312) of SNAP25 (p = 0.001). Evidence of association was also found for the G/G genotype of rs3746554 (p = 0.002) and C/C genotype of rs1051312 (p = 0.009). This is the first study in a Latin American population. Similar to other studies, we found evidence of the association of SNAP25 and ADHD.
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20
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Sánchez-Mora C, Cormand B, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Hervás A, Bosch R, Palomar G, Nogueira M, Gómez-Barros N, Richarte V, Corrales M, Garcia-Martinez I, Corominas R, Guijarro S, Bigorra A, Bayés M, Casas M, Ribasés M. Evaluation of common variants in 16 genes involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release in ADHD. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:426-35. [PMID: 22939005 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by inappropriate difficulties to sustain attention, control impulses and modulate activity level. Although ADHD is one of the most prevalent childhood psychiatric disorders, it also persists into adulthood in around 30-50% of the cases. Based on the effect of psychostimulants used in the pharmacological treatment of ADHD, dysfunctions in neuroplasticity mechanisms and synapses have been postulated to be involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD. With this background, we evaluated, both in childhood and adulthood ADHD, the role of several genes involved in the control of neurotransmitter release through synaptic vesicle docking, fusion and recycling processes by means of a population-based association study. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms across 16 genes in a clinical sample of 950 ADHD patients (506 adults and 444 children) and 905 controls. Single and multiple-marker analyses identified several significant associations after correcting for multiple testing with a false discovery rate (FDR) of 15%: (i) the SYT2 gene was strongly associated with both adulthood and childhood ADHD (p=0.001, OR=1.49 (1.18-1.89) and p=0.007, OR=1.37 (1.09-1.72), respectively) and (ii) STX1A was found associated with ADHD only in adults (p=0.0041; OR=1.28 (1.08-1.51)). These data provide preliminary evidence for the involvement of genes that participate in the control of neurotransmitter release in the genetic predisposition to ADHD through a gene-system association study. Further follow-up studies in larger cohorts and deep-sequencing of the associated genomic regions are required to identify sequence variants directly involved in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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21
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Wilkinson AV, Gabriel KP, Wang J, Bondy ML, Dong Q, Wu X, Shete S, Spitz MR. Sensation-seeking genes and physical activity in youth. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2012. [PMID: 23190435 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many studies examining genetic influences on physical activity (PA) have evaluated the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to the development of lifestyle-related chronic diseases, under the hypothesis that they would be associated with PA. However, PA is a multidetermined behavior and associated with a multitude of health consequences. Thus, examining a broader range of candidate genes associated with a broader range of PA correlates may provide new insights into the genetic underpinnings of PA. In this study, we focus on one such correlate - sensation-seeking behavior. Participants (N = 1130 Mexican origin youth) provided a saliva sample and data on PA and sensation-seeking tendencies in 2008-2009. Participants were genotyped for 630 functional and tagging variants in the dopamine, serotonin and cannabinoid pathways. Overall 30% of participants (males - 37.6% and females - 22.0%) reported ≥60 min of PA on 5 of 7 days. After adjusting for gender, age and population stratification, and applying the Bayesian False Discovery Probability approach for assessing noteworthiness, four gene variants were significantly associated with PA. In a multivariable model, being male, having higher sensation-seeking tendencies and at least one copy of the minor allele for SNPs in angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene [ACE; rs8066276 odds ratio (OR) = 1.44; P = 0.012] and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene (TPH2; rs11615016 OR = 1.73; P = 0.021) were associated with increased likelihood of meeting PA recommendations. Participants with at least one copy of the minor allele for SNPs in synaptosomal-associated protein 25 gene (SNAP25; rs363035 OR = 0.53; P = 0.005) and cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1; rs6454672 OR = 0.62; P = 0.022) have decreased likelihood of meeting PA recommendations. Our findings extend current knowledge of the complex relationship between PA and possible genetic underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Wilkinson
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Science, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
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22
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Corradini I, Donzelli A, Antonucci F, Welzl H, Loos M, Martucci R, De Astis S, Pattini L, Inverardi F, Wolfer D, Caleo M, Bozzi Y, Verderio C, Frassoni C, Braida D, Clerici M, Lipp HP, Sala M, Matteoli M. Epileptiform Activity and Cognitive Deficits in SNAP-25+/− Mice are Normalized by Antiepileptic Drugs. Cereb Cortex 2012; 24:364-76. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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23
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Kovacs-Nagy R, Sarkozy P, Hu J, Guttman A, Sasvari-Szekely M, Ronai Z. Haplotyping of putative microRNA-binding sites in the SNAP-25 gene. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2013-20. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Guerini FR, Bolognesi E, Chiappedi M, Manca S, Ghezzo A, Agliardi C, Sotgiu S, Usai S, Matteoli M, Clerici M. SNAP-25 single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with hyperactivity in autism spectrum disorders. Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:283-8. [PMID: 21497654 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Synaptosomal-associated protein of 25kD (SNAP-25), a protein participating in the regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis and in calcium homeostasis, was recently involved in neuropsychiatric conditions. Because alterations affecting the homeostasis of calcium are described in patients affected by autism spectrum disorders (ASD) we investigated a possible involvement of SNAP-25 in ASD by evaluating five SNAP-25 gene polymorphisms in a cohort of 67 ASD children. Data analyzed in relationship with clinical outcomes and compared to those of 205 healthy sex-matched children did not reveal significant differences. Further analyses nevertheless showed the presence of highly significant associations of the rs363043 (CT) genotype, localized in the intron 1 region that affects the transcription factor binding sites of the SNAP-25 gene, with both increasing CARS (p=0.001) and hyperactivity scores (p=0.006). The finding that polymorphisms of the SNAP-25 gene, a gene involved in neurotransmission and regulation of calcium homeostasis, are associated with the degree of hyperactivity in children with ASD, reinforces the hypothesis that alterations of these mechanisms play a pivotal role in the events leading to ASD-associated behavioral impairment. Modulation of these processes could result in novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca R Guerini
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, P. le Morandi 6, 20121 Milano, Italy.
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