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Mucha I, Karolewicz B, Górniak A. Stability Studies of Amorphous Ibrutinib Prepared Using the Quench-Cooling Method and Its Dispersions with Soluplus ®. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1961. [PMID: 39065278 PMCID: PMC11280989 DOI: 10.3390/polym16141961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The successful development of an amorphous form of a drug demands the use of process conditions and materials that reduce their thermodynamic instability. For the first time, we have prepared amorphous ibrutinib using the quench-cooling method with very high process efficiency. In the presented study, different formulations of amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with Soluplus (SOL) in various weight ratios 1:9, 3:7, and 1:1 were prepared. The obtained samples were stored under long-term (25 ± 2 °C/60%RH ± 5% RH, 12 months) and accelerated (40 ± 2 °C/75%RH ± 5% RH, 6 months) storage conditions. The physical stability of amorphous ibrutinib and ibrutinib-Soluplus formulations was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRPD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The lack of significant interactions between the ingredients of the formulation was confirmed by FTIR analysis. An increase in moisture content with an increasing SOL weight ratio was observed under accelerated aging and long-term conditions. Additionally, a slight increase in the moisture content of the stored sample compared to that at the initial time was observed. The results revealed the physical strength of the polymeric systems in the presence of high humidity and temperature. The observed high thermal stability allows the use of various technological processes without the risk of thermal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Mucha
- Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Górniak
- Laboratory of Elemental Analysis and Structural Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Nagamatsu D, Ando S, Fujimura Y, Miyano T, Sugita K, Ueda H. Formation of Hemihydrate Crystal form Overcomes Milling Issue Induced by Exposed Functional Groups on Cleavage Plane for a Y5 Receptor Antagonist of Neuropeptide Y. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2516-2523. [PMID: 37100203 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the crystal forms of an originally designed Y5 receptor antagonist of neuropeptide Y. Polymorphic screening was performed via solvent evaporation and slurry conversion using various solvents. The obtained crystal forms α, β, and γ were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Thermal analysis determined that forms α, β, and γ were hemihydrate, metastable and stable forms, respectively; the hemihydrate and the stable forms were candidates. To arrange the particle size, forms α and γ were subjected to jet milling. However, form γ could not be milled because of powder stiction to the apparatus, whereas form α could be. To investigate this mechanism, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was performed. The crystal structure of form γ was characterized by two-dimensional hydrogen bonding between neighboring molecules. This revealed that the functional groups forming hydrogen bonds were exposed on the cleavage plane of form γ. The three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network with water stabilized the hemihydrate form, α. These results indicate that the hydrogen bondable groups exposed on the cleavage plane of form γ should result in stiction of the powder and adherence to the apparatus. It was concluded that crystal conversion is a method to overcome the milling issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nagamatsu
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ando
- Sustainability Management Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 541-0045, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujimura
- Intellectual Property Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 541-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Miyano
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Katsuji Sugita
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Analysis and Evaluation Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 561-0825, Japan.
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Komisarek D, Taskiran E, Vasylyeva V. Maleic Acid as a Co-Former for Pharmaceutically Active GABA Derivatives: Mechanochemistry or Solvent Crystallization? MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2242. [PMID: 36984121 PMCID: PMC10054091 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we compare the mechanochemical and classical solvent crystallization methods for forming maleates of GABA and its pharmaceutically active derivatives: Pregabalin, Gabapentin, Phenibut, and Baclofen. Common characterization techniques, like powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR-spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, are used for the evaluation of structural and physicochemical properties. Our work shows that maleate formation is possible with all investigated target compounds. Large increases in solubility can be achieved, especially for Pregabalin, where up to twentyfold higher solubility in its maleate compared to the pure form can be reached. We furthermore compare the mechanochemical and solvent crystallization regarding quickness, reliability of phase production, and overall product quality. A synthetic route is shown to have an impact on certain properties such as melting point or solubility of the same obtained products, e.g., for Gabapentin and Pregabalin, or lead to the formation of hydrates vs. anhydrous forms. For the GABA and Baclofen maleates, the method of crystallization is not important, and similarly, good results can be obtained by either route. In contrast, Phenibut maleate cannot be obtained pure and single-phase by either method. Our work aims to elucidate promising candidates for the multicomponent crystal formation of blockbuster GABA pharmaceuticals and highlight the usefulness of mechanochemical production routes.
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Varied Bulk Powder Properties of Micro-Sized API within Size Specifications as a Result of Particle Engineering Methods. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091901. [PMID: 36145649 PMCID: PMC9500803 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronized particles are commonly used to improve the content uniformity (CU), dissolution performance, and bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Different particle engineering routes have been developed to prepare micron-sized API in a specific size range to deliver desirable biopharmaceutical performance. However, such API particles still risk varying bulk powder properties critical to successful manufacturing of quality drug products due to different particle shapes, size distribution, and surface energetics, arising from the anisotropy of API crystals. In this work, we systematically investigated key bulk properties of 10 different batches of Odanacatib prepared through either jet milling or fast precipitation, all of which meet the particle size specification established to ensure equivalent biopharmaceutical performance. However, they exhibited significantly different powder properties, solid-state properties, dissolution, and tablet CU. Among the 10 batches, a directly precipitated sample exhibited overall best performance, considering tabletability, dissolution, and CU. This work highlights the measurable impact of processing route on API properties and the importance of selecting a suitable processing route for preparing fine particles with optimal properties and performance.
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Dandignac M, Lacerda SP, Chamayou A, Galet L. Comparison study of physicochemical and biopharmaceutics properties of hydrophobic drugs ground by two dry milling processes. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:816-828. [PMID: 36062973 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2121408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
1. AbstractThis study focuses on the dry milling of BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) class II molecules. These molecules have a limited bioavailability because of their low aqueous solubility, poor water wettability and low dissolution rate. In order to improve these properties, indomethacin (IND) and niflumic acid (NIF) were milled using two different types of equipment: Pulverisette 0® and CryoMill®. Milled samples were characterized and compared to commercial molecules. IND shows a modified solid state, like surface crystallinity reduction and an increase in water vapor adsorption from to 2 up to 5-fold due to milling processes. The obtained solubility data resulted in an improvement in solubility up to 1.2-fold and an increase in initial dissolution kinetics: 2% of dissolved drug for original crystals against 25% for milled samples. For NIF no crystallinity reduction, no change of surface properties and no solubility improvement after milling were noticed. In addition, milled particles seemed more agglomerated resulting in no changes in dissolution rate compared to the original drug. IND solubility and dissolution enhancement can be attributed to the modification of surface area, drug crystallinity reduction and water sorption increase due to specific behaviour related to the drug crystal disorder induced by milling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dandignac
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, Albi Cedex 09 F-81013, France
| | - S P Lacerda
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, Albi Cedex 09 F-81013, France
| | - A Chamayou
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, Albi Cedex 09 F-81013, France
| | - L Galet
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, Albi Cedex 09 F-81013, France
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Meng Z, Boyce HJ, Sun D, Kinjo M, Raofi S, Li T. Preferential Oxycodone Loss of Physically Manipulated Abuse Deterrent Oxycodone HCl Extended Release Tablets Prepared for Nasal Insufflation Studies. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1263-1278. [PMID: 34128146 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A method to reproducibly mill abuse deterrent oxycodone hydrochloride (HCl) extended release (ER) tablets was developed for a nasal insufflation pharmacokinetic (PK) study. Several comminution methods were explored before determining that a conical mill resulted in controlled milling of tablets to a size range equal to or below 1000 μm. However, milling resulted in significant loss of oxycodone from abuse deterrent oxycodone HCl ER tablets compared to minimal oxycodone loss from oxycodone HCl immediate release (IR) tablets. Characterization of milled tablet powder showed that loss of oxycodone was not attributed to analytical procedures or oxycodone phase change during high intensity milling processes. The content uniformity of oxycodone in the milled tablet powder varied when ER and IR tablets were milled to a particle size distribution equal to or below 500 μm but did not vary when particles were sized above 500 µm to equal to or below 1000 μm. In addition, the initial excipient weight to drug substance weight ratio impacted the amount of oxycodone lost from the respective formulation. However, dissolution demonstrated that when oxycodone HCl ER tablets are milled, differences in excipient weight to drug substance weight ratio and particle size distribution of milled tablets did not result in significantly different release of oxycodone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Meng
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, RHPH Building, RM 124, 575 Stadium Mall Dr, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heather J Boyce
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 75, RM 4692, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - Dajun Sun
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 75, RM 4692, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Minori Kinjo
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 75, RM 4692, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Saeid Raofi
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Building 75, RM 4692, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Tonglei Li
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, RHPH Building, RM 124, 575 Stadium Mall Dr, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
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Schenck L, Neri C, Jia X, Schafer W, Axnanda S, Canfield N, Li F, Shah V. A Co-Processed API Approach for a Shear Sensitive Compound Affording Improved Chemical Stability and Streamlined Drug Product Processing. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3238-3245. [PMID: 34089710 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The physical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) are critical to both drug substance (DS) isolation and drying operations, as well as streamlined drug product (DP) processing and the quality of final dosage units. High aspect ratio, low bulk density, API 'needles' in particular are a hindrance to efficient processing, with a low probability that conventional crystallization routes can modify the challenging morphology. The compound evaluated in this manuscript demonstrated this non-ideal morphology, with the added complexity of shear sensitivity. Modest shear exposure resulted in conversion of the thermodynamically stable crystalline phase to the amorphous phase, with the amorphous phase then undergoing accelerated chemical degradation. Slow filtration during DS isolation resulted in uncontrolled and elevated amorphous levels, while subsequent DP operations including blending, densification and compression increased amorphous content still further. A chemically stable final dosage unit would ideally involve a high bulk density, free flowing API that did not require densification in order to be commercialized as an oral dosage form with direct encapsulation of a single dosage unit. Despite every effort to modify the crystallization process, the physical properties of the API could not be improved. Here, an innovative isolation strategy using a thin film evaporation (TFE) process in the presence of a water soluble polymer alleviated filtration and drying risks and consistently achieved a high bulk density, free flowing co-processed API amenable to direct encapsulation. Characterization of the engineered materials suggested the lower amorphous levels and reduced shear sensitivity were achieved by coating surfaces of the API at relatively low polymer loads. This particle engineering route blurred conventional DS/DP boundaries that not only achieved improved chemical stability but also resulted in a optimized material, with simplified and more robust processing operations for both drug substance and drug product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Schenck
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
| | - Claudia Neri
- Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
| | - Xiujuan Jia
- Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Wes Schafer
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Stephanus Axnanda
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Nicole Canfield
- Preformulation, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Oral Formulation Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Vivek Shah
- Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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8
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Dobson DP, Yanez E, Lubach JW, Stumpf A, Pellet J, Tso J. Utilizing Solid-State Techniques and Accelerated Conditions to Understand Particle Size Instability in Inhaled Drug Substances. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3037-3046. [PMID: 34004219 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Micronization by air jet milling is often used to produce drug substance particles of acceptable respirable size for use in dry powder inhaler formulations. The energy from this process often induces surface disordered sites on the micronized particles with potential consequences for the long-term stability of the drug substance. In this study, two lots of the same drug substance were qualitatively determined to have different extents of disordered surface using dynamic vapor sorption and scanning electron microscopy. These differences led to observable divergences in particle size and morphology between lots of drug substances on long-term and accelerated stability. The studies investigate the contribution of temperature and humidity, morphology prior to milling, and stability behavior post-micronization. The results highlight the importance of controlling the crystallization solvents upstream of micronization and their contribution to a material's susceptibility to milling-induced disorder on long-term physical stability. Furthermore, this work proposes an accelerated technique useful in predicting stability behavior of micronized drug substances in days rather than months, especially in cases where small differences cannot be detected by standard solid-state techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Dobson
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Evelyn Yanez
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Joseph W Lubach
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Andreas Stumpf
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jackson Pellet
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jerry Tso
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
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9
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Sinha B, Müller RH, Möschwitzer JP. Can the cavi-precipitation process be exploited to generate smaller size drug nanocrystal? Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:235-245. [PMID: 33404268 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1871004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cavi-precipitation has the potential to generate drug nanocrystals very efficiently. Achieving smaller than 100 nm particle size for organic drug substances still remained a challenge. The objective of this study was to demonstrate if cavi-precipitation technology can be used to generate smaller than 100 nm drug nanocrystal particle. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that cavi-precipitation process can be used to generate drug nanocrystals of the model compound resveratrol (RVT) consists of crystallites of 30-50 nm size. METHOD RVT was dissolved in different organic solvents to prepare the solvent phase (S-phase). Several stabilizers were tested for the organic phase. A combination of SDS and PVP was used stabilizer system in the aqueous anti-solvent phase (AS-phase). The S-phase was added to the AS-phase inside the Emulsiflex C5 homogenizer. Nanosuspension was characterized by laser diffractometry (LD), photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The solid state of the suspended particles was investigated by powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). RESULTS It was found that DMSO, alone or in combination with acetone in the S-Phase generated the smallest size RVT nanocrystals. The optimum solvent (S) antisolvent (AS) ratio (S:AS) was found to be 3.6:56.4 (v:v). Span 20 was identified as the best stabilizer for the organic phase at a ratio (w:w) of 1:3 (Span 20:RVT). The particles precipitated from different solvents were predominantly crystalline. CONCLUSIONS The best sample had a mean particle size (LD) of 167 nm [d(0.5)] which was composed of smaller crystallites having 30-50 nm size (SEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadip Sinha
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Nutricosmetics, Freie University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer H Müller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Nutricosmetics, Freie University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan P Möschwitzer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Nutricosmetics, Freie University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Gajjar P, Nguyen TTH, Sun J, Styliari ID, Bale H, McDonald SA, Burnett TL, Tordoff B, Lauridsen E, Hammond RB, Murnane D, Withers PJ, Roberts KJ. Crystallographic tomography and molecular modelling of structured organic polycrystalline powders. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01712d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Novel combination of crystallographic tomography and molecular modelling is used to examine the powder packing behaviour and crystal interactions for an organic polycrystalline powder bed.
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11
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The Impact of Nanofluids on Droplet/Spray Cooling of a Heated Surface: A Critical Review. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en14010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cooling by impinging droplets has been the subject of several studies for decades and still is, and, in the last few years, the potential heat transfer enhancement obtained thanks to nanofluids’ use has received increased interest. Indeed, the use of high thermal conductivity fluids, such as nanofluids’, is considered today as a possible way to strongly enhance this heat transfer process. This enhancement is related to several physical mechanisms. It is linked to the nanofluids’ rheology, their degree of stabilization, and how the presence of the nanoparticles impact the droplet/substrate dynamics. Although there are several articles on droplet impact dynamics and nanofluid heat transfer enhancement, there is a lack of review studies that couple these two topics. As such, this review aims to provide an analysis of the available literature dedicated to the dynamics between a single nanofluid droplet and a hot substrate, and the consequent enhancement or reduction of heat transfer. Finally, we also conduct a review of the available publications on nanofluids spray cooling. Although using nanofluids in spray cooling may seem a promising option, the few works present in the literature are not yet conclusive, and the mechanism of enhancement needs to be clarified.
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13
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Ahmed E, Karothu DP, Pejov L, Commins P, Hu Q, Naumov P. From Mechanical Effects to Mechanochemistry: Softening and Depression of the Melting Point of Deformed Plastic Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11219-11231. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Ahmed
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ljupčo Pejov
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, POB 8600, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, MK-1000 Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Patrick Commins
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qichi Hu
- Bruker Nano Surfaces Division, 112 Robin Hill Road, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, 10 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Schenck L, Erdemir D, Saunders Gorka L, Merritt JM, Marziano I, Ho R, Lee M, Bullard J, Boukerche M, Ferguson S, Florence AJ, Khan SA, Sun CC. Recent Advances in Co-processed APIs and Proposals for Enabling Commercialization of These Transformative Technologies. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2232-2244. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Schenck
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Deniz Erdemir
- Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick New Jersey 08903, United States
| | | | - Jeremy M. Merritt
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
| | - Ivan Marziano
- Pfizer R&D UK Limited, Discovery Park, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Raimundo Ho
- Solid State Chemistry, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Mei Lee
- Chemical Development, Product Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnelswood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Bullard
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Moussa Boukerche
- Center of Excellence for Isolation and Separation Technologies, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Steven Ferguson
- SSPC, The SFI Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belifield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Alastair J. Florence
- EPSRC Future Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallization Hub, CMAC, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Saif A. Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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15
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Abouhakim H, Nilsson Lill SO, Quayle MJ, Norberg ST, Hassanpour A, Pask CM. The crystal structure, morphology and mechanical properties of diaquabis(omeprazolate)magnesium dihydrate. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2020; 76:275-284. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520620001249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of diaquabis(omeprazolate)magnesium dihydrate (DABOMD) in the solid state has been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Single crystals of DABOMD were obtained by slow crystallization in ethanol with water used as an antisolvent. The crystal structure shows a dihydrated salt comprising a magnesium cation coordinating two omeprazolate anions and two water molecules (W1) that are strongly bound to magnesium. In addition, two further water molecules (W2) are more weakly hydrogen-bonded to the pyridine nitrogen atom of each omeprazolate anion. The crystal structure was utilized to estimate key material properties for DABOMD, including crystal habit and mechanical properties, which are required for improved understanding and prediction of the behaviour of particles during pharmaceutical processing such as milling. The results from the material properties calculations indicate that DABOMD exhibits a hexagonal morphology and consists of a flat slip plane through the (100) face. It can be classed as a soft material based on elastic constant calculation and exhibits a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding framework. Based on the crystal structure, habit and mechanical properties, it is anticipated that DABOMD will experience large disorder accompanied by plastic deformation during milling.
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16
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D S, Muthudoss P, Khullar P, A RV. Micronization and Agglomeration: Understanding the Impact of API Particle Properties on Dissolution and Permeability Using Solid State and Biopharmaceutical “Toolbox”. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-019-09424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Capellades G, Neurohr C, Azad M, Brancazio D, Rapp K, Hammersmith G, Myerson AS. A Compact Device for the Integrated Filtration, Drying, and Mechanical Processing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:1365-1372. [PMID: 31866299 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent changes in the pharmaceutical sector call for the development of novel manufacturing approaches to reduce costs and improve control over product quality. In this area, the development of compact, plug-and-play devices that fit in a continuous manufacturing system has gained interest in recent years. Most Nutsche filters offer a versatile solution as compact filtration and drying devices. However, conventional drying processes tend to generate a large amount of lumps, usually requiring further mechanical processing of the isolated drug substance before it can be formulated. In this work, we present a compact, automatable filtration device that takes advantage of a unique impeller design and in situ measurements of the drying heat duty to integrate mechanical processing into the drying step. By preventing the formation of dry lumps during drug substance drying, and breaking needle-like crystals through the developed agitation program, the resulting powder can be directly used for tablet formulation. This device, designed to fit in a compact continuous manufacturing module, has the potential to reduce manufacturing costs and footprint, while allowing for the low-shear mechanical processing of heat-sensitive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Capellades
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E19-502D, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Clemence Neurohr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E19-502D, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Mohammad Azad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E19-502D, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - David Brancazio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E19-502D, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Kersten Rapp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E19-502D, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Gregory Hammersmith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E19-502D, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Allan S Myerson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E19-502D, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307.
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18
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Hadiwinoto GD, Kwok PCL, Tong HHY, Wong SN, Chow SF, Lakerveld R. Integrated Continuous Plug-Flow Crystallization and Spray Drying of Pharmaceuticals for Dry Powder Inhalation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Daisy Hadiwinoto
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Philip C. L. Kwok
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Henry H. Y. Tong
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, R. de Luis Gonzaga Gomes, Macau, China
| | - Si Nga Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Richard Lakerveld
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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19
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Tablet Scoring: Current Practice, Fundamentals, and Knowledge Gaps. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9153066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral solid dosage formulations and/or tablets have remained the preferred route of administration by both patients and health care practitioners. Oral tablets are easy to administer, they are non-invasive and cause less risk adversity. Because of the lack of commercially available tablet dose options, tablets are being split or partitioned by users. Tablet scoring refers to the breakage of a tablet to attain a desired efficacy dose and is an emerging concept in the pharmaceutical industry. The primary reason for the tablet scoring practice is to adjust the dose: dose tapering or dose titrating. Other reasons for tablet partitioning are to facilitate dose administration, particularly among the pediatric and the geriatric patient population, and to mitigating the high cost of prescription drugs. The scope of this review is to: (1) evaluate the advantages and inconveniences associated with tablet scoring/portioning, and (2) identify factors in the formulation and the manufacturing of tablets that influence tablet splitting. Whereas tablet partitioning has been a common practice, there is a lack of understanding regarding the fundamentals underpinning the performance of tablets with respect to splitting. Several factors can influence tablet partitioning: tablet size, shape, and thickness. A requirement has recently been set by the European Pharmacopoeia and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the uniformity of mass of subdivided tablets. For breaking ease, an in-vivo reference test and a routinely applicable in-vitro test need to be established.
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20
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Sibum I, Hagedoorn P, Frijlink HW, Grasmeijer F. Characterization and Formulation of Isoniazid for High-Dose Dry Powder Inhalation. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11050233. [PMID: 31086107 PMCID: PMC6572553 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major health problem and remains one of the main causes of mortality. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the pulmonary delivery of antibiotics to treat tuberculosis. Isoniazid is one of these antibiotics. In this study, we aimed to characterize isoniazid and formulate it into a dry powder for pulmonary administration with little or no excipient, and for use in the disposable Twincer® inhaler. Isoniazid was jet milled and spray dried with and without the excipient l-leucine. Physiochemical characterization showed that isoniazid has a low Tg of −3.99 ± 0.18 °C and starts to sublimate around 80 °C. Milling isoniazid with and without excipients did not result in a suitable formulation, as it resulted in a low and highly variable fine particle fraction. Spray drying pure isoniazid resulted in particles too large for pulmonary administration. The addition of 5% l-leucine resulted in a fraction <5 µm = 89.61% ± 1.77% from spray drying, which dispersed well from the Twincer®. However, storage stability was poor at higher relative humidity, which likely results from dissolution-crystallization. Therefore, follow up research is needed to further optimize this spray dried formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imco Sibum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul Hagedoorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Floris Grasmeijer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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21
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Othman MF, Anuar N, Yusop SN, Salwani MAN, Abd Samad NA. Morphology Prediction and Dissolution Behavior of α-Succinic Acid in Ethanol Solution Using Molecular Dynamic Simulation. KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2019; 797:139-148. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.797.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Succinic acid is a potential co-former to produce co-crystal, thus an understanding of the dissolution behaviour of succinic acid crystal is crucial for designing the co-crystal. In this works, α-succinic acid was chosen as a model compound for this study regardless its attractive crystal chemistry and its diverse surface properties. The aims of this study are to analyse the morphology of succinic acid crystal (form A) and to analyse the dissolution behaviour of succinic acid crystal (form A) in the ethanol solution using molecular dynamic simulation. Prediction of form A succinic acid morphology were conducted with different combination of charge set and potential function i.e ESP and CVFF which produces hexagonal needle-like shape morphology and shows good agreement with the experimental crystal shape. Dissolution of α-succinic acid in ethanol solvent was investigated using dynamic simulation. Visual observation and mobility assessment shows that the molecules at the edge of the crystal tends to dissolve faster compared to the molecules at other position on the facet.
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22
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do Amaral LH, do Carmo FA, Amaro MI, de Sousa VP, da Silva LCRP, de Almeida GS, Rodrigues CR, Healy AM, Cabral LM. Development and Characterization of Dapsone Cocrystal Prepared by Scalable Production Methods. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2687-2699. [PMID: 29968042 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the formation of caffeine/dapsone (CAF/DAP) cocrystals by scalable production methods, such as liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) and spray drying, was investigated in the context of the potential use of processed cocrystal powder for pulmonary delivery. A CAF/DAP cocrystal (1:1 M ratio) was successfully prepared by slow evaporation from both acetone and ethyl acetate. Acetone, ethyl acetate, and ethanol were all successfully used to prepare cocrystals by LAG and spray drying. The powders obtained were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Laser diffraction analysis indicated a median particle size (D50) for spray-dried powders prepared from acetone, ethanol, and ethyl acetate of 5.4 ± 0.7, 5.2 ± 0.1, and 5.1 ± 0.0 μm respectively, which are appropriate sizes for pulmonary delivery by means of a dry powder inhaler. The solubility of the CAF/DAP cocrystal in phosphate buffer pH 7.4, prepared by spray drying using acetone, was 506.5 ± 31.5 μg/mL, while pure crystalline DAP had a measured solubility of 217.1 ± 7.8 μg/mL. In vitro cytotoxicity studies using Calu-3 cells indicated that the cocrystals were not toxic at concentrations of 0.1 and of 1 mM of DAP, while an in vitro permeability study suggested caffeine may contribute to the permeation of DAP by hindering the efflux effect. The results obtained indicate that the CAF/DAP cocrystal, particularly when prepared by the spray drying method, represents a possible suitable approach for inhalation formulations with applications in pulmonary pathologies.
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23
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Hadjittofis E, Isbell MA, Karde V, Varghese S, Ghoroi C, Heng JYY. Influences of Crystal Anisotropy in Pharmaceutical Process Development. Pharm Res 2018; 35:100. [PMID: 29556822 PMCID: PMC5859710 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline materials are of crucial importance to the pharmaceutical industry, as a large number of APIs are formulated in crystalline form, occasionally in the presence of crystalline excipients. Owing to their multifaceted character, crystals were found to have strongly anisotropic properties. In fact, anisotropic properties were found to be quite important for a number of processes including milling, granulation and tableting. An understanding of crystal anisotropy and an ability to control and predict crystal anisotropy are mostly subjects of interest for researchers. A number of studies dealing with the aforementioned phenomena are grounded on over-simplistic assumptions, neglecting key attributes of crystalline materials, most importantly the anisotropic nature of a number of their properties. Moreover, concepts such as the influence of interfacial phenomena in the behaviour of crystalline materials during their growth and in vivo, are still poorly understood. The review aims to address concepts from a molecular perspective, focusing on crystal growth and dissolution. It begins with a brief outline of fundamental concepts of intermolecular and interfacial phenomena. The second part discusses their relevance to the field of pharmaceutical crystal growth and dissolution. Particular emphasis is given to works dealing with mechanistic understandings of the influence of solvents and additives on crystal habit. Furthermore, comments and perspectives, highlighting future directions for the implementation of fundamental concepts of interfacial phenomena in the rational understanding of crystal growth and dissolution processes, have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftychios Hadjittofis
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark Antonin Isbell
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vikram Karde
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sophia Varghese
- DryProTech Laboratory, Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Chinmay Ghoroi
- DryProTech Laboratory, Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Jerry Y Y Heng
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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24
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Lucaioli P, Nauha E, Gimondi I, Price LS, Guo R, Iuzzolino L, Singh I, Salvalaglio M, Price SL, Blagden N. Serendipitous isolation of a disappearing conformational polymorph of succinic acid challenges computational polymorph prediction. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00625c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new polymorph of succinic acid is an unusually challenging test for metastable polymorph prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lucaioli
- School of Pharmacy (PL, IS, NB)
- School of Chemistry (EN)
- University of Lincoln
- Lincoln
- UK
| | - Elisa Nauha
- School of Pharmacy (PL, IS, NB)
- School of Chemistry (EN)
- University of Lincoln
- Lincoln
- UK
| | - Ilaria Gimondi
- Thomas Young Center and Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Louise S. Price
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Luca Iuzzolino
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Ishwar Singh
- School of Pharmacy (PL, IS, NB)
- School of Chemistry (EN)
- University of Lincoln
- Lincoln
- UK
| | - Matteo Salvalaglio
- Thomas Young Center and Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Sarah L. Price
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Nicholas Blagden
- School of Pharmacy (PL, IS, NB)
- School of Chemistry (EN)
- University of Lincoln
- Lincoln
- UK
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25
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Price SL. Is zeroth order crystal structure prediction (CSP_0) coming to maturity? What should we aim for in an ideal crystal structure prediction code? Faraday Discuss 2018; 211:9-30. [PMID: 30051901 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structure prediction based on searching for the global minimum in the lattice energy (CSP_0) is growing in use for guiding the discovery of new materials, for example, new functional materials, new phases of interest to planetary scientists and new polymorphs relevant to pharmaceutical development. This Faraday Discussion can assess the progress of CSP_0 over the range of types of materials to which CSP is currently and could be applied, which depends on our ability to model the variety of interatomic forces in crystals. The basic hypothesis, that the outcome of crystallisation is determined by thermodynamics, needs examining by considering methods of modelling relative thermodynamic stability not only as a function of pressure and temperature, but also of size, solvent and the presence of heterogeneous templates or impurities (CSP_thd). Given that many important materials persist, and indeed may be formed, when they are not the most thermodynamically stable structure, we need to define what would be required of an ideal CSP code (CSP_aim).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Price
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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26
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Khalil A, Hu CT, Naumov P. Nanoscale crystallization and thermal behaviour of 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01952a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystals of the thermosalient compound 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene are indefinitely stable in the metastable phase from cryogenic temperatures to 80 °C and sublime upon further heating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
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27
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Brunaugh A, Smyth HDC. Process optimization and particle engineering of micronized drug powders via milling. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 8:1740-1750. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Lau M, Young PM, Traini D. Co-milled API-lactose systems for inhalation therapy: impact of magnesium stearate on physico-chemical stability and aerosolization performance. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:980-988. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1287719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lau
- The Woolcock Institute for Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul M. Young
- The Woolcock Institute for Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- The Woolcock Institute for Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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29
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30
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Shur J, Saluja B, Lee S, Tibbatts J, Price R. Effect of Device Design and Formulation on the In Vitro Comparability for Multi-Unit Dose Dry Powder Inhalers. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:1105-16. [PMID: 25956383 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this investigation was to understand the design space to achieve comparable in vitro performance of two multi-unit dose dry powder inhalers (DPIs)—Flixotide® Accuhaler® (reference product) and MultiHaler® (test product). Flow field, pressure drop and particle trajectories within the test and reference DPI devices were modelled via computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Micronized fluticasone propionate (FP) was characterized to determine particle size distribution (PSD), specific surface area (SSA) and surface interfacial properties using cohesive-adhesive balance (CAB). CFD simulations suggested that the pressure drop and airflow velocity in the MultiHaler® were greater than Accuhaler®. Two modified test devices (MOD MH 1 and MOD MH 2) were manufactured with the introduction of by-pass channels in the airflow path, which achieved comparable specific resistance and airflow path between the test and reference devices. Assessment of reference product formulation in modified test devices suggested that MOD MH 2 achieved comparable in vitro performance to the reference product. CAB analysis suggested that adhesion of all FP batches to lactose was different, with batch D showing greatest and batch A least adhesion to lactose. Test DPI formulations were manufactured using four different batches of FP with milled or sieved lactose, and showed that batch A FP formulated with sieved lactose in MOD MH 2 device demonstrated the highest degree of similarity to the Accuhaler® in vitro deposition. Application of CFD modelling and material characterization of formulation raw materials enabled the modification of device and formulation critical material attributes to create an in vitro comparable device/formulation system to the reference product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Shur
- Pharmaceutical Surface Science Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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31
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Smith G, Hussain A, Bukhari NI, Ermolina I. Quantification of residual crystallinity in ball milled commercially sourced lactose monohydrate by thermo-analytical techniques and terahertz spectroscopy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 92:180-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Understanding pharmaceutical polymorphic transformations I: influence of process variables and storage conditions. Ther Deliv 2015; 5:1123-42. [PMID: 25418270 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of a dosage form is affected by number of mechanical and environmental factors which have a tendency to alter its crystalline state. Polymorphic transitions have been observed to occur during various unit operations like granulation, milling and compression. Forces of pressure, shear and temperature have an ability to induce alterations in crystal habit. A conversion in polymorphic form during a unit operation is very likely to affect the handling of API in the subsequent unit operation. Transitions have also been observed during storage of formulations where the relative humidity and temperature play a major role. An increase in temperature during storage can dehydrate or desolvate the crystal and hence produce crystal defects, whilst, high humidity conditions produce higher molecular mobility leading to either crystallization of API or alteration of its crystalline form.
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33
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Yang Z, Nollenberger K, Albers J, Qi S. Molecular Implications of Drug–Polymer Solubility in Understanding the Destabilization of Solid Dispersions by Milling. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2453-65. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500205c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | | | | | - Sheng Qi
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
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34
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Methods of amorphization and investigation of the amorphous state. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2013; 63:305-34. [PMID: 24152894 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2013-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The amorphous form of pharmaceutical materials represents the most energetic solid state of a material. It provides advantages in terms of dissolution rate and bioavailability. This review presents the methods of solid- -state amorphization described in literature (supercooling of liquids, milling, lyophilization, spray drying, dehydration of crystalline hydrates), with the emphasis on milling. Furthermore, we describe how amorphous state of pharmaceuticals differ depending on the method of preparation and how these differences can be screened by a variety of spectroscopic (X-ray powder diffraction, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, atomic pairwise distribution, infrared spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy) and calorimetry methods.
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35
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Stanković A, Dimitrijević S, Uskoković D. Influence of size scale and morphology on antibacterial properties of ZnO powders hydrothemally synthesized using different surface stabilizing agents. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 102:21-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Carver KM, Snyder RC. Unexpected Polymorphism and Unique Particle Morphologies from Monodisperse Droplet Evaporation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3015439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Carver
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Ryan C. Snyder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
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37
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Effect of Milling on Particle Shape and Surface Energy Heterogeneity of Needle-Shaped Crystals. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2806-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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38
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Munk T, Baldursdottir S, Hietala S, Rades T, Kapp S, Nuopponen M, Kalliomäki K, Tenhu H, Rantanen J. Crystal morphology modification by the addition of tailor-made stereocontrolled poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide). Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1932-41. [PMID: 22591051 DOI: 10.1021/mp200643c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of additives in crystallization of pharmaceuticals is known to influence the particulate properties critically affecting downstream processing and the final product performance. Desired functionality can be build into these materials, e.g. via optimized synthesis of a polymeric additive. One such additive is the thermosensitive polymer poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM). The use of PNIPAM as a crystallization additive provides a possibility to affect viscosity at separation temperatures and nucleation and growth rates at higher temperatures. In this study, novel PNIPAM derivatives consisting of both isotactic-rich and atactic blocks were used as additives in evaporative crystallization of a model compound, nitrofurantoin (NF). Special attention was paid to possible interactions between NF and PNIPAM and the aggregation state of PNIPAM as a function of temperature and solvent composition. Optical light microscopy and Raman and FTIR spectroscopy were used to investigate the structure of the NF crystals and possible interaction with PNIPAM. A drastic change in the growth mechanism of nitrofurantoin crystals as monohydrate form II (NFMH-II) was observed in the presence of PNIPAM; the morphology of crystals changed from needle to dendritic shape. Additionally, the amphiphilic nature of PNIPAM increased the solubility of nitrofurantoin in water. PNIPAMs with varying molecular weights and stereoregularities resulted in similar changes in the crystal habit of the drug regardless of whether the polymer was aggregated or not. However, with increased additive concentration slower nucleation and growth rates of the crystals were observed. Heating of the crystallization medium resulted in phase separation of the PNIPAM. The phase separation had an influence on the achieved crystal morphology resulting in fewer, visually larger and more irregular dendritic crystals. No proof of hydrogen bond formation between PNIPAM and NF was observed, and the suggested mechanism for the observed dendritic morphology is related to the steric hindrance phenomenon. PNIPAM can be used as a crystallization additive with an obvious effect on the growth of NF crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Munk
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kubavat HA, Shur J, Ruecroft G, Hipkiss D, Price R. Influence of primary crystallisation conditions on the mechanical and interfacial properties of micronised budesonide for dry powder inhalation. Int J Pharm 2012; 430:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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A discriminatory intrinsic dissolution study using UV area imaging analysis to gain additional insights into the dissolution behaviour of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Int J Pharm 2012; 434:133-9. [PMID: 22626886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For efficient and effective drug development it is desirable to acquire a deep understanding of the dissolution behaviour of potential candidate drugs and their physical forms as early as possible and with the limited amounts of material that are available at that time. Using 3-10mg sample quantities, the ability of a UV imaging system is investigated to provide deep mechanistic insight into the intrinsic dissolution profiling of a range of compounds and physical forms assessed under flow conditions. Physical forms of indomethacin, theophylline and ibuprofen were compressed and their solid-state form confirmed before and after compression with X-ray methods and/or Raman spectroscopy. Intrinsic dissolution rates (IDRs) were determined using the compact's UV-imaging profile. The ratio in the IDRs for theophylline anhydrate over hydrate was 2.1 and the ratio for the alpha form of indomethacin over the gamma form was approximately 1.7. The discriminatory power of the novel UV area visualisation approach was shown to be high in that process-induced solid-state dissolution differences post-micronisation could be detected. Additionally, the scale-down system was able to visualise a previously observed increase in ibuprofen IDR with an increase in concentration of sodium dodecyl sulphate. The mechanistic dissolution insights from the visualisation approach are evident.
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Shur J, Kubavat HA, Ruecroft G, Hipkiss D, Price R. Influence of crystal form of ipratropium bromide on micronisation and aerosolisation behaviour in dry powder inhaler formulations. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 64:1326-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the mechanical properties of anhydrous and monohydrate ipratropium bromide (IB) crystals, their processing behaviour upon air-jet micronisation and aerosolisation performance in dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations.
Methods
IB monohydrate and anhydrous crystals were produced from seed crystals and supercritical carbon dioxide crystallisation, respectively. Young's modulus of anhydrous and monohydrate IB crystals was determined using nanoindentation. For air-jet micronised crystals, the physicochemical and surface interfacial properties via the cohesive–adhesive balance (CAB) approach were investigated. These data were correlated to in-vitro aerosolisation performance of carrier-based DPI formulations containing either anhydrous or monohydrate IB.
Key findings
Particle size and Young's modulus of both crystals were similar and this was reflected in their similar processing upon micronisation. Particle size of micronised anhydrous and monohydrate crystals were similar. CAB measurements of the micronised particles of monohydrate or anhydrous forms of IB with respect to lactose were 0.70 (R2 = 0.998) and 0.77 (R2 = 0.999), respectively. These data suggested that both samples had similar adhesion to lactose, which correlated with their similar in-vitro aerosolisation performance in DPI formulations.
Conclusions
Monohydrate and anhydrous crystals of IB exhibited similar mechanical properties and interfacial properties upon secondary processing. As a result, the performance of the DPI formulations were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Shur
- Pharmaceutical Surface Science Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, Oxford, UK
| | - Harshal A Kubavat
- Pharmaceutical Surface Science Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Robert Price
- Pharmaceutical Surface Science Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, Oxford, UK
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Shariare MH, Blagden N, Matas MD, Leusen FJ, York P. Influence of Solvent on the Morphology and Subsequent Comminution of Ibuprofen Crystals by Air Jet Milling. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:1108-19. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Otte A, Zhang Y, Carvajal MT, Pinal R. Milling induces disorder in crystalline griseofulvin and order in its amorphous counterpart. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce06365d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wanapun D, Kestur U, Taylor LS, Simpson GJ. Single Particle Nonlinear Optical Imaging of Trace Crystallinity in an Organic Powder. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4745-51. [PMID: 21598920 DOI: 10.1021/ac1031397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Wanapun
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - U.S. Kestur
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - L. S. Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - G. J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Vippagunta RR, LoBrutto R, Pan C, Lakshman JP. Investigation of Metformin HCl lot-to-lot variation on flowability differences exhibited during drug product processing. J Pharm Sci 2011; 99:5030-9. [PMID: 20821393 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the cause for flowability difference observed during drug product processing when different Metformin HCl drug substance batches of varying age were used. It was found that the lead time (age) between the final step (milling) in the manufacturing process of the Metformin HCl drug substance could be a factor. The lead time had an impact on flowability of Metformin/excipient blends during drug product processing even though these batches had no apparent differences in their release specifications. To study and understand the aging effect, two batches of Metformin HCl manufactured at different periods of time were selected. The surface energy values obtained by the density functional theory (DFT) method together with X-ray diffraction patterns, thermally stimulated current measurements, and dynamic vapor sorption isotherms indicated that the freshly manufactured Metformin HCl material contains detectable amounts of surface crystal defects, but are absent in aged sample, which could be the cause of flowability differences of Metformin/excipient blends observed during the drug product processing. Having identified the cause for different flow behavior, a method to destroy these defects was designed and the issue was resolved by rapid aging of Metformin HCl under humidity at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha R Vippagunta
- Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, USA.
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Royall P, Woodhead B, Tang S, Martin G, Stockton B, Murnane D. Formation and measurement of process induced disorder during the manufacture of inhalation medicines. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(11)50048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Niwa T, Nakanishi Y, Danjo K. One-step preparation of pharmaceutical nanocrystals using ultra cryo-milling technique in liquid nitrogen. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 41:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Investigation of the milling-induced thermal behavior of crystalline and amorphous griseofulvin. Pharm Res 2010; 27:1377-89. [PMID: 20490628 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To gain a better understanding of the physical state and the unusual thermal behavior of milled griseofulvin. METHODS Griseofulvin crystals and amorphous melt quench samples were milled in a vibrating ball mill for different times and then analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Modulated DSC (mDSC) and annealing studies were done for the milled amorphous samples to further probe the effects of milling. RESULTS Milling of griseofulvin crystals results in decrease in crystallinity and amorphization of the compound. A double peak is seen for crystallization in the DSC, which is also seen for the milled melt quench sample. Both enthalpy and temperature of crystallization decrease for the milled melt quenched sample. Tg is visible under the first peak with the mDSC, and annealing shows that increasing milling time results in faster crystallization upon storage. CONCLUSION Milling of griseofulvin results in the formation of an amorphous form and not a mesophase. It increases the amount of surface created and the overall energy of the amorphous griseofulvin, which leads to a decreased temperature of crystallization. The two exotherms in the DSC are due to some particles having nuclei on the surface.
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Balani PN, Ng WK, Tan RB, Chan SY. Influence of excipients in comilling on mitigating milling-induced amorphization or structural disorder of crystalline pharmaceutical actives. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:2462-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Planins̄ek O, Zadnik J, Kunaver M, Src̄ic̄ S, Godec A. Structural evolution of indomethacin particles upon milling: Time‐resolved quantification and localization of disordered structure studied by IGC and DSC. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:1968-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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