1
|
Dev P, Ramappa VK, Gopal R, . S. Analysis of Chemical Composition of Mulberry Silkworm Pupal Oil with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and its Antimicrobial Property. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ajar.2017.108.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
2
|
Panda B, Subhadarsini R, Mallick S. Biointerfacial phenomena of amlodipine buccomucosal tablets of HPMC matrix system containing polyacrylate polymer/β-cyclodextrin: Correlation of swelling and drug delivery performance. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:633-43. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1154038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brajabihari Panda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, University, Bhubaneswar, OR, India
| | - Rajalaxmi Subhadarsini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, University, Bhubaneswar, OR, India
| | - Subrata Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, University, Bhubaneswar, OR, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang W, Wang J, Zhang C, Fang Q, Shu J, Li S, Jin J, Wang D, Nie Z, Lv Z, Zhang Y. Synergetic Protein Factors That Improve rhGM-CSF Absorption via an Oral Route Exist in Silkworm Pupae. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1347-55. [PMID: 25775407 DOI: 10.1021/mp500371g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) produced by the silkworm pupae bioreactor is absorbed into blood through oral administration and functions as an active cytokine. The aim of this study was to further examine and identify synergetic protein factors in silkworm pupae that improve rhGM-CSF absorption via an oral route. The concentrations of rhGM-CSF in serum were evaluated in mice after oral administration of rhGM-CSF using different chemical compositions of silkworm pupae as pharmaceutical excipients. The experimental data revealed that the supernatant lyophilized powder (SLP) of a homogenized slurry of silkworm pupae caused a significant increase in the rhGM-CSF level in blood when rhGM-CSF was orally administered with SLP, suggesting that synergetic protein factors that improve the oral absorption of rhGM-CSF primarily exist in SLP. As shown by scanning electron microscopy, microspheres were formed when rhGM-CSF was coated with SLP. Animal experimental data showed that the absorption of orally administered rhGM-CSF through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract primarily resulted from protein factors present in the SLP retentate obtained after 10 kDa ultrafiltration. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that several protein factors present in the SLP retentate obtained after 10 kDa ultrafiltration were bound to rhGM-CSF. Proteins bound to rhGM-CSF by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were identified as chymotrypsin inhibitor SCI-II precursor, cationic peptide CP8 precursor, Kazal-type proteinase inhibitor, and chymotrypsin inhibitor SCI-I. These findings indicate that these proteinase inhibitors play an important role in improving rhGM-CSF absorption in the GI tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianhong Shu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Si Li
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jia Jin
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zuoming Nie
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yaozhou Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Subramaniam R, Hillberry Z, Chen H, Feng Y, Fletcher K, Neuenschwander P, Shams H. Delivery of GM-CSF to Protect against Influenza Pneumonia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124593. [PMID: 25923215 PMCID: PMC4414562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since adaptive immunity is thought to be central to immunity against influenza A virus (IAV) pneumonias, preventive strategies have focused primarily on vaccines. However, vaccine efficacy has been variable, in part because of antigenic shift and drift in circulating influenza viruses. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of innate immunity in protecting against influenza. Methods Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) contributes to maturation of mononuclear phagocytes, enhancing their capacity for phagocytosis and cytokine production. Results Overexpression of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the lung of transgenic mice provides remarkable protection against IAV, which depends on alveolar macrophages (AM). In this study, we report that pulmonary delivery of GM-CSF to wild type young and aged mice abrogated mortality from IAV. Conclusion We also demonstrate that protection is species specific and human GM-CSF do not protect the mice nor stimulates mouse immunity. We also show that IAV-induced lung injury is the culprit for side-effects of GM-CSF in treating mice after IAV infection, and introduce a novel strategy to deliver the GM-CSF to and retain it in the alveolar space even after IAV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Subramaniam
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control (CPIDC), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 U.S. Highway 271, Tyler, TX, United States of America
| | - Zachary Hillberry
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control (CPIDC), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 U.S. Highway 271, Tyler, TX, United States of America
| | - Han Chen
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control (CPIDC), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 U.S. Highway 271, Tyler, TX, United States of America
| | - Yan Feng
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control (CPIDC), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 U.S. Highway 271, Tyler, TX, United States of America
| | - Kalyn Fletcher
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control (CPIDC), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 U.S. Highway 271, Tyler, TX, United States of America
| | - Pierre Neuenschwander
- Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, U.S. Highway 271, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Homayoun Shams
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases Control (CPIDC), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 U.S. Highway 271, Tyler, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duarte Junior FF, de Lima Neto QA, Rando FDS, de Freitas DVB, Pattaro Júnior JR, Polizelli LG, Munhoz REF, Seixas FAV, Fernandez MA. Identification and molecular structure analysis of a new noncoding RNA, a sbRNA homolog, in the silkworm Bombyx mori genome. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 11:801-8. [PMID: 25521575 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00595c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The small noncoding group of RNAs called stem-bulge RNAs (sbRNAs), first reported in Caenorhabditis elegans, is described as molecules homologous to the Y RNAs, a specific class of noncoding RNAs that is present in vertebrates. This homology indicates the possibility of the existence of sbRNAs in other invertebrate organisms. In this work, we used bioinformatic tools and conserved sequences of sbRNAs from C. Elegans and Y RNAs to search for homologous sbRNA sequences in the Bombyx mori genome. This analysis led to the discovery of one noncoding gene, which was translated into RNA segments and comparatively analysed with segments from human and hamster Y RNAs and C. elegans sbRNAs in molecular dynamic simulations. This gene represents the first evidence for a new sbRNA-like noncoding RNA, the BmsbRNA gene, in this Lepidoptera genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ferreira Duarte Junior
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Protective effect of the silkworm protein 30Kc6 on human vascular endothelial cells damaged by oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL). PLoS One 2013; 8:e68746. [PMID: 23840859 PMCID: PMC3695901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the 30K family proteins are important anti-apoptotic molecules in silkworm hemolymph, the underlying mechanism remains to be investigated. This is especially the case in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this study, a 30K protein, 30Kc6, was successfully expressed and purified using the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system in silkworm cells. Furthermore, the 30Kc6 expressed in Escherichia coli was used to generate a polyclonal antibody. Western blot analysis revealed that the antibody could react specifically with the purified 30Kc6 expressed in silkworm cells. The In vitro cell apoptosis model of HUVEC that was induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and in vivo atherosclerosis rabbit model were constructed and were employed to analyze the protective effects of the silkworm protein 30Kc6 on these models. The results demonstrated that the silkworm protein 30Kc6 significantly enhanced the cell viability in HUVEC cells treated with Ox-LDL, decreased the degree of DNA fragmentation and markedly reduced the level of 8-isoprostane. This could be indicative of the silkworm protein 30Kc6 antagonizing the Ox-LDL-induced cell apoptosis by inhibiting the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, Ox-LDL activated the cell mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), especially JNK and p38. As demonstrated with Western analysis, 30Kc6 inhibited Ox-LDL-induced cell apoptosis in HUVEC cells by preventing the MAPK signaling pathways. In vivo data have demonstrated that oral feeding of the silkworm protein 30Kc6 dramatically improved the conditions of the atherosclerotic rabbits by decreasing serum levels of total triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC). Furthermore, 30Kc6 alleviated the extent of lesions in aorta and liver in the atherosclerotic rabbits. These data are not only helpful in understanding the anti-apoptotic mechanism of the 30K family proteins, but also provide important information on prevention and treatment of human cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
The Expression, Purification, and Characterization of a Ras Oncogene (Bras2) in Silkworm (Bombyx mori). Int J Genomics 2013; 2013:269609. [PMID: 23781494 PMCID: PMC3678442 DOI: 10.1155/2013/269609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras oncogene of silkworm pupae (Bras2) may belong to the Ras superfamily. It shares 77% of its amino acid identity with teratocarcinoma oncogene 21 (TC21) related ras viral oncogene homolog-2 (R-Ras2) and possesses an identical core effector region. The mRNA of Bombyx mori Bras2 has 1412 bp. The open reading frame contains 603 bp, which encodes 200 amino acid residues. This recombinant BmBras2 protein was subsequently used as an antigen to raise a rabbit polyclonal antibody. Western blotting and real-time PCR analyses showed that BmBras2 was expressed during four developmental stages. The BmBras2 expression level was the highest in the pupae and was low in other life cycle stages. BmBras2 was expressed in all eight tested tissues, and it was highly expressed in the head, intestine, and epidermis. Subcellular localization studies indicated that BmBras2 was predominantly localized in the nuclei of Bm5 cells, although cytoplasmic staining was also observed to a lesser extent. A cell proliferation assay showed that rBmBras2 could stimulate the proliferation of hepatoma cells. The higher BmBras2 expression levels in the pupal stage, tissue expression patterns, and a cell proliferation assay indicated that BmBras2 promotes cell division and proliferation, most likely by influencing cell signal transduction.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Y, Chen Y, Chen J, Zhang W, Sheng Q, Chen J, Yu W, Nie Z, Zhang Y, Wu W, Wang L, Indran IR, Li J, Qian L, Lv Z. A shark liver gene-derived active peptide expressed in the silkworm, Bombyx mori: preliminary studies for oral administration of the recombinant protein. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:1492-505. [PMID: 23652883 PMCID: PMC3707157 DOI: 10.3390/md11051492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Active peptide from shark liver (APSL) is a cytokine from Chiloscyllium plagiosum that can stimulate liver regeneration and protects the pancreas. To study the effect of orally administered recombinant APSL (rAPSL) on an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the APSL gene was cloned, and APSL was expressed in Bombyx mori N cells (BmN cells), silkworm larvae and silkworm pupae using the silkworm baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). It was demonstrated that rAPSL was able to significantly reduce the blood glucose level in mice with type 2 diabetes induced by streptozotocin. The analysis of paraffin sections of mouse pancreatic tissues revealed that rAPSL could effectively protect mouse islets from streptozotocin-induced lesions. Compared with the powder prepared from normal silkworm pupae, the powder prepared from pupae expressing rAPSL exhibited greater protective effects, and these results suggest that rAPSL has potential uses as an oral drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Q.S.); (J.C.); (W.Y.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Q.S.); (J.C.); (W.Y.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Jianqing Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Q.S.); (J.C.); (W.Y.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Q.S.); (J.C.); (W.Y.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Qing Sheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Q.S.); (J.C.); (W.Y.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Jian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Q.S.); (J.C.); (W.Y.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Wei Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Q.S.); (J.C.); (W.Y.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Zuoming Nie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Q.S.); (J.C.); (W.Y.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Yaozhou Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Q.S.); (J.C.); (W.Y.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Wutong Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Q.S.); (J.C.); (W.Y.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Lisha Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, China; E-Mail:
| | - Inthrani Raja Indran
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; E-Mails: (I.R.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; E-Mails: (I.R.I.); (J.L.)
| | - Lian Qian
- Agilent Technologies Singapore Pte Ltd., Singapore 117681, Singapore; E-Mail:
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Q.S.); (J.C.); (W.Y.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (W.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou F, Gao Z, Lv Z, Chen J, Hong Y, Yu W, Wang D, Jiang C, Wu X, Zhang Y, Nie Z. Construction of the ie1-Bacmid expression system and its use to express EGFP and BmAGO2 in BmN cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:2237-47. [PMID: 23436226 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The presently available expression tools and vectors (e.g., eukaryotic expression vectors and the adenovirus expression system) for studying the functional genes in Bombyx mori are insufficient. The baculovirus expression system is only used as a protein production tool; therefore, recombinant proteins expressed by B. mori using the baculovirus expression system equipped with a polyhedrin promoter cannot be used for in vivo research applications. In this work, we constructed and screened a eukaryotic expression vector for silkworm cells The EGFP and B. mori Argonaute2 proteins were found to be efficiently expressed using the screened pIEx-1 vector with the FuGENE 6 transfection reagent. Additionally, we constructed a novel nucleopolyhedrovirus ie1-Bacmid expression system for the production of recombinant protein; we then used the system to highly express the EGFP and B. mori Argonaute2 proteins. In this system, the protein of interest can be efficiently expressed 13 h after infection by controlling the B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus immediate early ie1 promoter. The ie1-Bacmid system provides a powerful "adenovirus-like" expression tool; not only can the tool be used to study baculovirus molecular biology for the silkworm but it is also useful in other research applications as well, such as the study of gene functions involved in cellular physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang L, Lu X, Liu Y, Lv Z, Chen J, Yu W, Zhang Y, Nie Z. Expression analysis of miRNAs in BmN cells. Gene 2012; 505:240-5. [PMID: 22713175 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the family of noncoding single-strand RNA molecules of 21-25 nucleotides in length and play a broad and key regulation role in various physiological and pathological processes including differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, and tumorigenesis. In Bombyx mori, a total of 487 pre-miRNAs and 562 mature miRNAs were identified by experimental or computational approaches, but their functions remain unknown. To carry out the research of gain-of-function of miRNAs in BmN cells, we firstly identified the endogenous expression of miRNAs in BmN cells by microarray and found that only 73 miRNAs could be detected by miRNA microarray. Then three low abundance or undetected miRNAs, pri-mir-1a, pri-mir-8 and pri-mir-133, were selected to express in BmN cells. The eukaryotic expression vector pIEx-1 harboring baculovirus ie1 promoter and hr5 enhancer was screened and used for expressing miRNA in BmN cells. Three miRNA expression vectors pIEx-1-EGFP-pri-mir-1a/8/133 were constructed, which contained the three corresponding pri-miRNA sequences, respectively. The constructed miRNA vectors were successfully transfected into BmN cells and the qRT-PCR analysis showed that relative abundance of bmo-mir-1a, bmo-mir-8 and bmo-mir-133 in BmN cells transfected with the pIEx-1-EGFP-pri-mir-1a/8/133 is as 32, 4.4 and 904 times as that in BmN cells transfected with the control vector pIEx-1-EGFP, respectively. The present work lays a foundation for the further functional studies of miRNAs in silkworm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lancui Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qin L, Xia H, Shi H, Zhou Y, Chen L, Yao Q, Liu X, Feng F, Yuan Y, Chen K. Comparative proteomic analysis reveals that caspase-1 and serine protease may be involved in silkworm resistance to Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3630-8. [PMID: 22546490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The silkworm Bombyx mori is of great economic value. The B. mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is one of the most common and severe pathogens for silkworm. Although certain immune mechanisms exist in silkworms, most silkworms are still susceptible to BmNPV infection. Interestingly, BmNPV infection resistance in some silkworm strains is varied and naturally existing. We have previously established a silkworm strain NB by genetic cross, which is highly resistant to BmNPV invasion. To investigate the molecular mechanism of silkworm resistance to BmNPV infection, we employed proteomic approach and genetic cross to globally identify proteins differentially expressed in parental silkworms NB and 306, a BmNPV-susceptible strain, and their F(1) hybrids. In all, 53 different proteins were found in direct cross group (NB♀, 306♂, F(1) hybrid) and 21 in reciprocal cross group (306♀, NB♂, F(1) hybrid). Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses showed that most of these different proteins are located in cytoplasm and are involved in many important metabolisms. Caspase-1 and serine protease expressed only in BmNPV-resistant silkworms, but not in BmNPV-susceptible silkworms, which was further confirmed by Western blot. Taken together, our data suggests that both caspase-1 and serine protease play a critical role in silkworm resistance against BmNPV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lvgao Qin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xue R, Chen H, Cui L, Cao G, Zhou W, Zheng X, Gong C. Expression of hGM-CSF in silk glands of transgenic silkworms using gene targeting vector. Transgenic Res 2011; 21:101-11. [PMID: 21533901 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The silk gland of the silkworm is a highly specialized organ that has the wonderful ability to synthesize and secrete silk protein. To express human granucyto-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) in the posterior silk glands of gene-targeted silkworms, a targeting vector pSK-FibL-L-A3GFP-PH-GMCSF-LPA-FibL-R was constructed, harboring a 1.2 kb portion of the left homogenous arm (FibL-L), a 0.5 kb portion of the right homogenous arm (FibL-R), fibroin H-chain-promoter-driven hGM-CSF and silkworm actin 3-promoter-driven gfp. The targeting vector was then introduced into the eggs of silkworm, and the transgenic silkworms were verified by PCR and DNA hybridization after being screened for the gfp gene. Western blotting analysis using an antibody against hGM-CSF demonstrated a specific band with a molecular weight of 22 kD in the silk glands of the G3 generation transgenic silkworms. The level of expression of hGM-CSF in the posterior silk glands of the G3 generation transgenic silkworms was approximately 2.70 ng/g of freeze-dried powdered posterior silk gland. These results showed that the heterologous gene could be introduced into the silkworm genome and expressed successfully. Further more, the exogenous genes existing in the G5 transgenic silkworm identified by PCR confirmed its integration stability. In addition, the silk glands containing expressed hGM-CSF performed the function of significantly increasing leukocyte count of CY-treated mice in a time-and-dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renyu Xue
- Pre-Clinical Medical and Biological Science College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang HJ, Lee JW, Lee SH, Ryu JS, Kwak DH, Nam KS, Park YI, Lee YC, Jung KY, Choo YK. Estrogenic activity produced by aqueous extracts of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae in ovariectomized rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2010; 38:89-97. [PMID: 20128047 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x10007683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the estrogenic activity produced by aqueous extracts of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The components of silkworm pupae were extracted in distilled water at room temperature for 6 hours. The ovaries of six-week old female rats were then bilaterally removed. One week after OVX, the animals were treated with 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg/day of silkworm pupae extracts. The body weights of the OVX rats increased remarkably compared to the control rats, however their relative uterus weights to body weights decreased significantly. Treatment with the aqueous extracts of silkworm pupae dramatically improved the decreased uterus weights of OVX rats, with the highest increase observed in treatment with 200 mg/kg/day of the aqueous extracts. Additionally, treatment with aqueous extracts (200 mg/kg/day) of silkworm pupae significantly elevated the serum 17beta-estradiol contents of OVX rats when compared to the control animals. To examine the toxic effects of silkworm pupae on the hepatic functions of OVX rats, the levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were measured. The serum GOT and GPT levels did not change in response to the administration of aqueous extracts (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg/day) for 4-weeks. Taken together, these results suggest that the aqueous extracts of silkworm pupae may have estrogenic activity, which suggests that silkworm pupae may be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of menopausal disorders caused by deficiencies in female sexual hormones, including estrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Yang
- Department of Biological Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chazarra S, Aznar-Cervantes S, Sánchez-del-Campo L, Cabezas-Herrera J, Xiaofeng W, Cenis JL, Rodríguez-López JN. Purification and Kinetic Properties of Human Recombinant Dihydrofolate Reductase Produced in Bombyx mori Chrysalides. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 162:1834-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-8961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
15
|
In vivo bioassay of recombinant human growth hormone synthesized in B. mori pupae. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:306462. [PMID: 20339512 PMCID: PMC2842897 DOI: 10.1155/2010/306462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2009] [Revised: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human growth hormone (hGH) has been expressed in prokaryotic expression system with low bioactivity previously. Then the effective B. mori baculovirus system was employed to express hGH identical to mature hGH successfully in larvae, but the expression level was still limited. In this work, the hGH was expressed in B. mori pupae by baculovirus system. Quantification of recombinant hGH protein (BmrhGH) showed that the expression of BmrhGH reached the level of approximately 890 microg/mL pupae supernatant solution, which was five times more than the level using larvae. Furthermore, Animals were gavaged with BmrhGH at the dose of 4.5 mg/rat.day, and the body weight gain (BWG) of treated group had a significant difference (P < .01) compared with the control group. The other two parameters of liver weight and epiphyseal width were also found to be different between the two groups (P < .05). The results suggested that BmrhGH might be used as a protein drug by oral administration.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Xia Q, Xu J, Chen J, Nie Z, Wang D, Zhang W, Chen J, Zheng Q, Chen Q, Kong L, Ren X, Wang J, Lv Z, Yu W, Jiang C, Liu L, Sheng Q, Jin Y, Wu X. Aligning the proteome and genome of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Funct Integr Genomics 2009; 9:447-54. [PMID: 19529965 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-009-0127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A technology of mass spectrometry (MS) was used in this study for the large-scale proteomic identification and verification of protein-encoding genes present in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) genome. Peptide sequences identified by MS were compared with those from an open reading frame (ORF) library of the B. mori genome and a cDNA library, to validate the coding attributes of ORFs. Two databases were created. The first was based on a 9x draft sequence of the silkworm genome and contained 14,632 putative proteins. The second was based on a B. mori pupal cDNA library containing 3,187 putative proteins of at least 30 amino acid residues in length. A total of 81,000 peptide sequences with a threshold score of 60% were generated by the MS/MS analysis, and 55,400 of these were chosen for a sequence alignment. By searching these two databases, 6,649 and 250 proteins were matched, which accounted for approximately 45.4% and 7.8% of the peptide sequences and putative proteins, respectively. Further analyses carried out by several bioinformatic tools suggested that the matches included proteins with predicted transmembrane domains (1,393) and preproteins with a signal peptide (976). These results provide a fundamental understanding of the expression and function of silkworm proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhou Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No 2 Road, Hangzhou, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang W, Lv Z, Nie Z, Chen G, Chen J, Sheng Q, Yu W, Jin Y, Wu X, Zhang Y. Bioavailability of orally administered rhGM-CSF: a single-dose, randomized, open-label, two-period crossover trial. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5353. [PMID: 19434235 PMCID: PMC2677157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) is usually administered by injection, and its oral administration in a clinical setting has been not yet reported. Here we demonstrate the bioavailability of orally administered rhGM-CSF in healthy volunteers. The rhGM-CSF was expressed in Bombyx mori expression system (BmrhGM-CSF). Methods and Findings Using a single-dose, randomized, open-label, two-period crossover clinical trial design, 19 healthy volunteers were orally administered with BmrhGM-CSF (8 µg/kg) and subcutaneously injected with rhGM-CSF (3.75 µg/kg) respectively. Serum samples were drawn at 0.0h, 0.5h ,0.75h,1.0h,1.5h,2.0h ,3.0h,4.0h,5.0h,6.0h,8.0h,10.0h and 12.0h after administrations. The hGM-CSF serum concentrations were determined by ELISA. The AUC was calculated using the trapezoid method. The relative bioavailability of BmrhGM-CSF was determined according to the AUC ratio of both orally administered and subcutaneously injected rhGM-CSF. Three volunteers were randomly selected from 15 orally administrated subjects with ELISA detectable values. Their serum samples at the 0.0h, 1.0h, 2.0h, 3.0h and 4.0h after the administrations were analyzed by Q-Trap MS/MS TOF. The different peaks were revealed by the spectrogram profile comparison of the 1.0h, 2.0h, 3.0h and 4.0h samples with that of the 0.0h sample, and further analyzed using both Enhanced Product Ion (EPI) scanning and Peptide Mass Fingerprinting Analysis. The rhGM-CSF was detected in the serum samples from 15 of 19 volunteers administrated with BmrhGM-CSF. Its bioavailability was observed at an average of 1.0%, with the highest of 3.1%. The rhGM-CSF peptide sequences in the serum samples were detected by MS analysis, and their sizes ranging from 2,039 to 7,336 Da. Conclusions The results demonstrated that the oral administered BmrhGM-CSF was absorbed into the blood. This study provides an approach for an oral administration of rhGM-CSF protein in clinical settings. Trial Registration www.chictr.orgChiCTR-TRC-00000107
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuoming Nie
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guogang Chen
- Zhejiang Chinagene Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Haining, China
| | - Jian Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Sheng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Jin
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangfu Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biochemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaozhou Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jin R, Lv Z, Chen Q, Quan Y, Zhang H, Li S, Chen G, Zheng Q, Jin L, Wu X, Chen J, Zhang Y. Safety and immunogenicity of H5N1 influenza vaccine based on baculovirus surface display system of Bombyx mori. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3933. [PMID: 19079592 PMCID: PMC2592543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (H5N1) has caused serious infections in human beings. This virus has the potential to emerge as a pandemic threat in humans. Effective vaccines against H5N1 virus are needed. A recombinant Bombyx mori baculovirus, Bmg64HA, was constructed for the expression of HA protein of H5N1 influenza virus displaying on the viral envelope surface. The HA protein accounted for approximately 3% of the total viral proteins in silkworm pupae infected with the recombinant virus. Using a series of separation and purification methods, pure Bmgp64HA virus was isolated from these silkworm pupae bioreactors. Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant was used for an H5N1 influenza vaccine. Immunization with this vaccine at doses of 2 mg/kg and 0.67 mg/kg was carried out to induce the production of neutralizing antibodies, which protected monkeys against influenza virus infection. At these doses, the vaccine induced 1:40 antibody titers in 50% and 67% of the monkeys, respectively. The results of safety evaluation indicated that the vaccine did not cause any toxicity at the dosage as large as 3.2 mg/kg in cynomolgus monkeys and 1.6 mg/kg in mice. The results of dose safety evaluation of vaccine indicated that the safe dose of the vaccine were higher than 0.375 mg/kg in rats and 3.2 mg/kg in cynomolgus monkeys. Our work showed the vaccine may be a candidate for a highly effective, cheap, and safe influenza vaccine for use in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhong Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Quan
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si Li
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guogang Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingliang Zheng
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lairong Jin
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangfu Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JC); (YZ)
| | - Yaozhou Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (JC); (YZ)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ning T, Xie T, Qiu Q, Yang W, Zhou S, Zhou L, Zheng C, Zhu Y, Yang D. Oral administration of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor expressed in rice endosperm can increase leukocytes in mice. Biotechnol Lett 2008; 30:1679-86. [PMID: 18425430 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-008-9717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) is used clinically to treat leucopenia typically caused by cancer chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This study used multiple strategies to obtain very high expression levels of OsrhGM-CSF (14 microg/seed) in rice endosperm. Electron micrographs of immunogold-labeled transgenic endosperm showed that rhGM-CSF was not only localized in protein bodies but was also distributed in the apoplast. A biological activity assay indicated that OsrhGM-CSF stimulated the growth of TF-1 cells in vitro. In addition, the transgene was used to effectively treat leucopenia by oral administration of the unprocessed transgenic grains. In cyclophosphamide-induced leucopenic mice, transgenic seeds produced a 27% (t=0.021) gain in leukocytes after 14 days feeding. Even in non-leucopenic mice, leukocyte gain was 37% (t=0.002) more than that of mice fed non-transgenic seeds. This study provides a novel approach to the use of oral unprocessed transgenic OsrhGM-CSF seeds to treat leucopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ning
- Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|