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de Queiroz VT, Botelho BDO, Guedes NA, Cubides-Román DC, Careta FDP, Freitas JCC, Cipriano DF, Costa AV, de Fátima Â, Fernandes SA. Inclusion complex of ketoconazole and p-sulfonic acid calix[6]arene improves antileishmanial activity and selectivity against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infantum. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122663. [PMID: 36738805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many previous studies presented the effectiveness of ketoconazole (KTZ) against leishmaniasis. However, the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of free KTZ are limited due to its low aqueous solubility. In this study, an inclusion complex (IC6HKTZ) was prepared with p-sulfonic acid calix[6]arene (CX6SO3H) to improve the solubility and efficacy of KTZ against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infantum promastigotes. A linear increase in KTZ solubility as a function of CX6SO3H concentration was verified using the phase-solubility diagram. The resulting diagram was classified as AL-type and a 1:1 host-guest stoichiometry was assumed to prepare IC6HKTZ by freeze-drying. FTIR, TG/DSC, XRD, and solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy analyses were performed to confirm the formation of IC6HKTZ. The solubility enhancement of KTZ by 120.00 μM CX6SO3H was about 95 times. The IC50 values of IC6HKTZ and free KTZ were 3.95 and 14.35 μM for Leishmania amazonensis and 6.74 and 17.47 μM for Leishmania infantum, respectively. The viability of DH82 macrophages was not affected by CX6SO3H. These results show that CX6SO3H is a new supramolecular carrier system that improves antileishmanial activities to KTZ for the treatment of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner T de Queiroz
- Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences (PPGCV), Center of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering (CCAE), Alto Universitário, s/n, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil; UFES, Graduate Program in Agrochemistry, Center of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Alto Universitário, s/n 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil.
| | - Bianca de O Botelho
- Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences (PPGCV), Center of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering (CCAE), Alto Universitário, s/n, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil.
| | - Natália A Guedes
- UFES, Chemistry Department, Center of Exact Sciences, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Diana C Cubides-Román
- UFES, Chemistry Department, Center of Exact Sciences, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Francisco de P Careta
- UFES, Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Alto Universitário, s/n 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil.
| | - Jair C C Freitas
- UFES, Laboratory of Carbon and Ceramic Materials, Department of Physics, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Daniel F Cipriano
- UFES, Laboratory of Carbon and Ceramic Materials, Department of Physics, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Adilson V Costa
- UFES, Graduate Program in Agrochemistry, Center of Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Alto Universitário, s/n 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil.
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Sergio A Fernandes
- Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Chemistry, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Strickland AD, Lang C, Manhartseder S, Reichsoellner R, Valliant E, Schädl B, Gulle H, Slezak P. In vitro and Ex vivo Assessments of the Compatibility of Fibrin Sealant with Antimicrobial Compounds. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2023; 24:82-90. [PMID: 36706256 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2022.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibrin sealants are used as antimicrobial-releasing carriers for preventing surgical site infections; however, it is important to determine the release kinetics and antimicrobial effects of drugs added to fibrin sealants and the effects of drugs on clot/clotting properties. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of cefazolin, colistin, gentamicin, oxacillin, tobramycin, and silver nitrate released from fibrin sealant were characterized using in vitro and ex vivo assays against bacteria commonly found on the skin. The effects of antimicrobial agents on the physical structure of the fibrin sealant were assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and on the clotting rate and strength of fibrin clots using run-off tests and rheology. Results: Generally, antibiotic agents were released gradually from fibrin sealant and were stable after release, with antimicrobial effects evident up to three days. Cefazolin, gentamicin, and oxacillin prevented biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus in porcine skin explants; gentamicin and colistin prevented biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gentamicin, cefazolin, colistin, and tobramycin did not affect the structural integrity or viscoelastic properties of fibrin sealant; changes were observed with oxacillin (SEM) and particularly silver nitrate (SEM and rheology). No antimicrobial agents caused deterioration of clotting time (run-off tests). Conclusions: From the antimicrobial agents tested, gentamicin and cefazolin showed prolonged release from fibrin sealant, sustained antimicrobial activity, and biofilm prevention properties against Staphylococcus aureus; similar results were observed for gentamicin and colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For each of these findings, the physical structure of the fibrin sealant, clotting rate, and strength of fibrin clots were unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clemens Lang
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Manhartseder
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffael Reichsoellner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Schädl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Gulle
- Baxter Medical Products GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Slezak
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Emulsion-Based Multicompartment Vaginal Drug Carriers: From Nanoemulsions to Nanoemulgels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126455. [PMID: 34208652 PMCID: PMC8233730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to overcome the limitations associated with vaginal administration of drugs, e.g., the short contact time of the drug form with the mucosa or continuous carrier wash-out, the development of new carriers for gynecological use is necessary. Furthermore, high individual anatomical and physiological variability resulting in unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy of lipophilic active substances requires application of multicompartment drug delivery systems. This manuscript provides an up-to-date comprehensive review of the literature on emulsion-based vaginal dosage forms (EVDF) including macroemulsions, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, multiple emulsions and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. The first part of the paper discusses (i) the influence of anatomical-physiological conditions on therapeutic efficacy of drug forms after local and systemic administration, (ii) characterization of EVDF components and the manufacturing techniques of these dosage forms and (iii) methods used to evaluate the physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of emulsion-based vaginal dosage forms. The second part of the paper presents (iv) the results of biological and in vivo studies as well as (v) clinical evaluation of EVDF safety and therapeutic efficacy across different indications.
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Matsuura K, Kojima H, Haraguchi T, Yoshida M, Suzuki S, Suzuki T, Ando S, Uchida T. Preparation and Characterization of Itraconazole- or Miconazole-Loaded PLGA Microspheres. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:106-111. [PMID: 30713269 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres (MS) loaded with itraconazole (ITCZ) or miconazole (MCZ) under different evaporation temperatures (25 or 40°C) using an oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation method in order to evaluate the initial burst release of drug. Loading efficiencies were comparatively good and the diameters of prepared drug-loaded PLGA MS were around 20 µm in all formulations. The release rates of ITCZ-PLGA MS prepared at 40°C showed a significantly restricted release profile compared with the corresponding ITCZ-PLGA MS prepared at 25°C. This difference in release rate of ITCZ was thought to be caused by the self-healing effect of PLGA, as the glass transition temperature of PLGA is around 40°C. With respect to the MCZ-PLGA MS, the initial burst release was similar in formulations prepared at both 25 and 40°C. Scanning electron microscope results suggested that the initial burst release was due to the localization of MCZ on the surface of MCZ-PLGA MS at higher concentrations. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements suggested complete amorphization of MCZ in MCZ-PLGA MS, whereas crystalline ITCZ was detected in the ITCZ-PLGA MS. This complete amorphization of MCZ is considered to be one of the reasons for the initial burst release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Matsuura
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Honami Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Mukogawa Women's University
| | | | - Miyako Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Shuichi Ando
- Formulation Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Takahiro Uchida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Mukogawa Women's University
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Paz-Alvarez M, Pudney PDA, Hadgraft J, Lane ME. Topical delivery of climbazole to mammalian skin. Int J Pharm 2018; 549:317-324. [PMID: 30055301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dandruff is a common condition, affecting up to half the global population of immunocompetent adults at some time during their lives and it has been highly correlated with the over-expression of the fungus Malassezia spp. Climbazole (CBZ) is used as an antifungal and preservative agent in many marketed formulations for the treatment of dandruff. While the efficacy of CBZ in vitro and in vivo has previously been reported, limited information has been published about the uptake and deposition of CBZ in the skin. Hence, our aim was to investigate the skin permeation of CBZ as well as the influence of various solvents on CBZ skin delivery. Four solvents were selected for the permeability studies of CBZ, namely propylene glycol (PG), octyl salicylate (OSal), Transcutol® P (TC) and polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG). The criteria for selection were based on their wide use as excipients in commercial formulations, their potential to act as skin penetration enhancers and their favourable safety profiles. 1% (w/v) solutions of CBZ were applied under infinite and finite dose conditions using Franz type diffusion cells to human and porcine skin. In line with the topical use of CBZ as an antidandruff agent, comparatively low amounts of CBZ penetrated across the skin barrier (<1% of the applied dose of CBZ). Finite dose studies resulted in a higher extraction of CBZ from human skin compared with infinite dose studies (p < 0.05). CBZ was also taken up to a higher extent in porcine skin (>7-fold) compared with human skin (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, no statistical differences were observed in the amounts that permeated across the different membranes. These preliminary results confirm the potential of simple formulations of CBZ to target the outer layers of the epidermis. The PG and OSal formulations appear to be promising vehicles for CBZ in terms of overall skin extraction and penetration. Future work will expand the range of vehicles studied and explore the reasons underlying the retention of CBZ in the outer layers of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul D A Pudney
- Strategic Science Group, Unilever R&D, Colworth Science Park, MK44 1LQ, Sharnbrook, Bedford, UK
| | | | - Majella E Lane
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, UK
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6
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Econazole imprinted textiles with antifungal activity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 101:137-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Alam MA, Al-Jenoobi FI, Al-Mohizea AM, Ali R. Effervescence Assisted Fusion Technique to Enhance the Solubility of Drugs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:1487-94. [PMID: 26265190 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The solubility of five poorly soluble drugs was enhanced by using an effervescence assisted solid dispersion (EASD) technique. EASDs were prepared by using modified fusion method. Drug and hydrophilic carrier were melted, and in this molten mixture, effervescence was generated by adding effervescence couple comprising organic acid (citric acid) and carbonic base (sodium bicarbonate). Solubility of drug powders, solid dispersions, and EASDs was determined at 25°C using shake flask method. Atorvastatin calcium, cefuroxime axetil, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and metronidazole benzoate were estimated using a spectrophotometer at 246, 280, 260, 230, and 232 nm (λ max), respectively. Solubility of atorvastatin calcium (from 100 to 345 μg/ml), cefuroxime axetil (from 441 to 1948 μg/ml), clotrimazole (from 63 to 677 μg/ml), ketoconazole (from 16 to 500 μg/ml), and metronidazole benzoate (from 112 to 208 μg/ml) in EASDs was enhanced by 3.45-, 4.4-, 10.7-, 31.2-, and 1.8-fold, respectively. Scanning electron micrographs of drug powder, solid dispersion, and EASDs were compared. Scanning electron micrographs of EASDs showed a uniform distribution of drug particles in the carrier matrix. Morphology (size and shape) of cefuroxime axetil particles was altered in solid dispersion as well as in EASD. EASDs showed better solubility enhancement than conventional solid dispersions. The present technique is better suitable for drugs having a low melting point or melt without charring. Effervescence assisted fusion technique of preparing solid dispersions can be employed for enhancing solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
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8
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Che J, Wu Z, Shao W, Guo P, Lin Y, Pan W, Zeng W, Zhang G, Wu C, Xu Y. Synergetic skin targeting effect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin combined with microemulsion for ketoconazole. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 93:136-48. [PMID: 25845772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to develop a ternary skin targeting system for ketoconazole (KET) using a combined strategy of microemulsion (ME) and cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), i.e., KET-CD-ME, which exploits both virtues of cyclodextrin complex and ME to obtain the synergetic effect. KET-CD-ME was formulated using Labrafil M 1944 CS as oil phase, Solutol HS 15 as surfactant, Transcutol P as cosurfactant, and HP-β-CD solution as aqueous phase. The formulation of KET-CD-ME was optimized and the optimal formulation was characterized in terms of particle size, size distribution, pH value, and viscosity. Long term stability experiment showed that HP-β-CD could increase the physical stability of ternary system and KET chemical stability. Percutaneous permeation of KET from KET-CD-ME in vitro through rat skin was investigated in comparison with KET microemulsion (KET-ME), KET HP-β-CD inclusion solution (KET-CD), KET aqueous suspension, and commercial KET cream; the results showed that the combination of ME with HP-β-CD exhibited significantly synergistic effect on KET deposition within the skin (29.38 ± 1.79 μg/cm(2)) and a slightly synergistic effect on KET penetration through the skin (11.3 μg/cm(2)/h). The enhancement of the combination on skin deposition was further visualized by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). In vitro sensitivity against Candida parapsilosis test indicated that KET-CD-ME enhanced KET antifungal activity mainly owing to the solubilization of HP-β-CD on KET in the ternary system. Moreover, the interactions between HP-β-CD and KET in the ternary system were elucidated through microScale thermophoresis (MST) and 2D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The profiles from MST confirmed the host-guest interactions of HP-β-CD with KET in the ternary system and a deep insight into the interactions between KET and HP-β-CD were obtained by means of 2D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The results indicate that the ternary system of ME combination with HP-β-CD may be a promising approach for skin targeting delivery of KET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Che
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zushuai Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiyan Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Penghao Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhui Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weidong Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guoguang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuehong Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Stepanovs D, Jure M, Yanichev A, Belyakov S, Mishnev A. Molecular salts of propranolol with dicarboxylic acids: diversity of stoichiometry, supramolecular structures and physicochemical properties. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01408e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization of the drug propranolol with dicarboxylic acids yielded molecular salts with oxalic and fumaric acids in molar ratios of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1, with maleic acid in a molar ratio of 1 : 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Stepanovs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry
- Riga Technical University
- Riga, Latvia
| | - M. Jure
- Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry
- Riga Technical University
- Riga, Latvia
| | - A. Yanichev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Riga, Latvia
| | - S. Belyakov
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Riga, Latvia
| | - A. Mishnev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry
- Riga Technical University
- Riga, Latvia
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Hashemzadeh N, Jouyban A. Solubility of Ketoconazole in Ethanol + Water Mixtures at Various Temperatures. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2014.912636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Gratieri T, Gelfuso GM, Lopez RFV, Souto EB. Current efforts and the potential of nanomedicine in treating fungal keratitis. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eop.10.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Williams HD, Trevaskis NL, Charman SA, Shanker RM, Charman WN, Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Strategies to address low drug solubility in discovery and development. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:315-499. [PMID: 23383426 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.005660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 994] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs with low water solubility are predisposed to low and variable oral bioavailability and, therefore, to variability in clinical response. Despite significant efforts to "design in" acceptable developability properties (including aqueous solubility) during lead optimization, approximately 40% of currently marketed compounds and most current drug development candidates remain poorly water-soluble. The fact that so many drug candidates of this type are advanced into development and clinical assessment is testament to an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the approaches that can be taken to promote apparent solubility in the gastrointestinal tract and to support drug exposure after oral administration. Here we provide a detailed commentary on the major challenges to the progression of a poorly water-soluble lead or development candidate and review the approaches and strategies that can be taken to facilitate compound progression. In particular, we address the fundamental principles that underpin the use of strategies, including pH adjustment and salt-form selection, polymorphs, cocrystals, cosolvents, surfactants, cyclodextrins, particle size reduction, amorphous solid dispersions, and lipid-based formulations. In each case, the theoretical basis for utility is described along with a detailed review of recent advances in the field. The article provides an integrated and contemporary discussion of current approaches to solubility and dissolution enhancement but has been deliberately structured as a series of stand-alone sections to allow also directed access to a specific technology (e.g., solid dispersions, lipid-based formulations, or salt forms) where required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hywel D Williams
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Kovacs K, Ancha M, Jane M, Lee S, Angalakurthi S, Negrito M, Rasheed S, Nwaneri A, Petrikovics I. Identification, solubility enhancement and in vivo testing of a cyanide antidote candidate. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:352-8. [PMID: 23602996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Present studies focused on the in vitro testing, the solubility enhancement and the in vivo testing of methyl propyl trisulfide (MPTS), a newly identified sulfur donor to treat cyanide (CN) intoxication. To enhance the solubility of the lipophilic MPTS, various FDA approved co-solvents, surfactants and their combinations were applied. The order of MPTS solubility in the given co-solvents was found to be the following: ethanol >> PEG 200 ≈ PEG400 ≈ PEG300 > PG. The maximum solubility of MPTS was found at 90% ethanol of 177.11 ± 12.17 mg/ml. The order of MPTS solubility in different surfactants is Cremophor EL>Cremophor RH40>polysorbate 80>sodium deoxycholate>sodium cholate. The maximum solubility of 40.99 mg/ml was achieved with 20% Cremophor EL. A synergistic solubilizing effect encountered with the combination of 20% Cremophor EL+75% ethanol lead to a 2900-fold increase (compared to water solubility) in solubility. The in vivo efficacy using intramuscular administration was determined on a therapeutic mice model and expressed as a ratio of CN LD50 with and without the test antidote(s) (APR). Intramuscular administration was shown to be effective and the therapeutic antidotal protection by MPTS alone and MPTS+thiosulfate (TS) was significantly higher than the present therapy of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Kovacs
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA
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15
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A new cocrystal and salts of itraconazole: Comparison of solid-state properties, stability and dissolution behavior. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:403-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Winnicka K, Wroblewska M, Wieczorek P, Sacha PT, Tryniszewska E. Hydrogel of ketoconazole and PAMAM dendrimers: formulation and antifungal activity. Molecules 2012; 17:4612-24. [PMID: 22513487 PMCID: PMC6268403 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17044612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketoconazole (KET), an imidazole derivative with well-known antifungal properties, is lipophilic and practically insoluble in water, therefore its clinical use has some practical disadvantages. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of PAMAM-NH2 and PAMAM-OH dendrimers generation 2 and generation 3 on the solubility and antifungal activity of KET and to design and evaluate KET hydrogel with PAMAM dendrimers. It was shown that the surface charge of PAMAM dendrimers strongly affects their influence on the improvement of solubility and antifungal activity of KET. The MIC and MFC values obtained by broth dilution method indicate that PAMAM-NH2 dendrimers significantly (up to 16-fold) increased the antifungal activity of KET against Candida strains (e.g., in culture Candida albicans 1103059/11 MIC value was 0.008 μg/mL and 0.064 μg/mL, and MFC was 2 μg/mL and 32 μg/mL for KET in 10 mg/mL solution of PAMAM-NH2 G2 and pure KET, respectively). Antifungal activity of designed KET hydrogel with PAMAM-NH2 dendrimers measured by the plate diffusion method was definitely higher than pure KET hydrogel and than commercial available product. It was shown that the improvement of solubility and in the consequence the higher KET release from hydrogels seems to be a very significant factor affecting antifungal activity of KET in hydrogels containing PAMAM dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +48-85-748-56-15; Fax: +48-85-748-56-16
| | - Magdalena Wroblewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Piotr Wieczorek
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (P.W.); (P.T.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Pawel Tomasz Sacha
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (P.W.); (P.T.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Elzbieta Tryniszewska
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (P.W.); (P.T.S.); (E.T.)
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Duhem N, Rolland J, Riva R, Guillet P, Schumers JM, Jérome C, Gohy JF, Préat V. Tocol modified glycol chitosan for the oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2011; 423:452-60. [PMID: 22212463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop tocol derivatives of chitosan able (i) to self-assemble in the gastrointestinal tract and (ii) to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. Among the derivatives synthesized, tocopherol succinate glycol chitosan (GC-TOS) conjugates spontaneously formed micelles in aqueous solution with a critical micelle concentration of 2 μg mL(-1). AFM and TEM analysis showed that spherical micelles were formed. The GC-TOS increased water solubility of 2 model class II drugs. GC-TOS loading efficiency was 2.4% (w/w) for ketoconazole and 0.14% (w/w) for itraconazole, respectively. GC-TOS was non-cytotoxic at concentrations up to 10 mg mL(-1). A 3.4-fold increase of the apparent permeation coefficient of ketoconazole across a Caco-2 cell monolayer was demonstrated. Tocol polymer conjugates may be promising vehicles for the oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Duhem
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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18
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Kovács K, Antal I, Stampf G, Klebovich I, Ludányi K. Composition optimization and stability testing of a parenteral antifungal solution based on a ternary solvent system. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:285-93. [PMID: 20182828 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An intravenous solution is a dosage forms intended for administration into the bloodstream. This route is the most rapid and the most bioavailable method of getting drugs into systemic circulation, and therefore it is also the most liable to cause adverse effects. In order to reduce the possibility of side effects and to ensure adequate clinical dosage of the formulation, the primarily formulated composition should be optimized. It is also important that the composition should retain its therapeutic effectiveness and safety throughout the shelf-life of the product. This paper focuses on the optimization and stability testing of a parenteral solution containing miconazole and ketoconazole solubilized with a ternary solvent system as model drugs. Optimization of the solvent system was performed based on assessing the risk/benefit ratio of the composition and its properties upon dilution. Stability tests were conducted based on the EMEA (European Medicines Agency) "guideline on stability testing: stability testing of existing active substances and related finished products". Experiments show that both the amount of co-solvent and surface active agent of the solvent system could substantially be reduced, while still maintaining adequate solubilizing power. It is also shown that the choice of various containers affects the stability of the compositions. It was concluded that by assessing the risk/benefit ratio of solubilizing power versus toxicity, the concentration of excipients could be considerably decreased while still showing a powerful solubilizing effect. It was also shown that a pharmaceutically acceptable shelf-life could be assigned to the composition, indicating good long-term stability.
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19
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Taneri F, Ozcan I, Guneri T. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of oral tablet formulations prepared with ketoconazole and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Drug Deliv 2010; 17:152-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10717541003604890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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