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Siddiqui M, Abdellatif B, Zhai K, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Flavonoids Alleviate Peripheral Neuropathy Induced by Anticancer Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071576. [PMID: 33805565 PMCID: PMC8036789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating condition that severely reduces the quality of life of a considerable proportion of cancer patients. There is no cure for CIPN to date. Here, we explore the potential of flavonoids as pharmacological agents in combating CIPN. Flavonoids alleviate CIPN by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal damage, among other mechanisms. Future research should evaluate the efficacy and side effects of flavonoids in human models of CIPN. Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to assess the potential of flavonoids in combating CIPN. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were used, and studies that investigated flavonoids in models of CIPN and models of neuropathic pain similar to CIPN were included. Only studies investigating peripheral mechanisms of CIPN were used. Results: Flavonoids inhibit several essential mechanisms of CIPN, such as proinflammatory cytokine release, astrocyte and microglial activation, oxidative stress, neuronal damage and apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, ectopic discharge, and ion channel activation. They decreased the severity of certain CIPN symptoms, such as thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical, tactile, and cold allodynia. Conclusions: Flavonoids hold immense promise in treating CIPN; thus, future research should investigate their effects in humans. Specifically, precise pharmacological mechanisms and side effects need to be elucidated in human models before clinical benefits can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaal Siddiqui
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (M.S.); (B.A.); (K.Z.)
| | - Basma Abdellatif
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (M.S.); (B.A.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (M.S.); (B.A.); (K.Z.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (M.S.); (B.A.); (K.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Koltai T. Targeting the pH Paradigm at the Bedside: A Practical Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9221. [PMID: 33287221 PMCID: PMC7730959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inversion of the pH gradient in malignant tumors, known as the pH paradigm, is increasingly becoming accepted by the scientific community as a hallmark of cancer. Accumulated evidence shows that this is not simply a metabolic consequence of a dysregulated behavior, but rather an essential process in the physiopathology of accelerated proliferation and invasion. From the over-simplification of increased lactate production as the cause of the paradigm, as initially proposed, basic science researchers have arrived at highly complex and far-reaching knowledge, that substantially modified that initial belief. These new developments show that the paradigm entails a different regulation of membrane transporters, electrolyte exchangers, cellular and membrane enzymes, water trafficking, specialized membrane structures, transcription factors, and metabolic changes that go far beyond fermentative glycolysis. This complex world of dysregulations is still shuttered behind the walls of experimental laboratories and has not yet reached bedside medicine. However, there are many known pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals that are capable of targeting the pH paradigm. Most of these products are well known, have low toxicity, and are also inexpensive. They need to be repurposed, and this would entail shorter clinical studies and enormous cost savings if we compare them with the time and expense required for the development of a new molecule. Will targeting the pH paradigm solve the "cancer problem"? Absolutely not. However, reversing the pH inversion would strongly enhance standard treatments, rendering them more efficient, and in some cases permitting lower doses of toxic drugs. This article's goal is to describe how to reverse the pH gradient inversion with existing drugs and nutraceuticals that can easily be used in bedside medicine, without adding toxicity to established treatments. It also aims at increasing awareness among practicing physicians that targeting the pH paradigm would be able to improve the results of standard therapies. Some clinical cases will be presented as well, showing how the pH gradient inversion can be treated at the bedside in a simple manner with repurposed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Centro de Diagnostico y Tratamiento de la Obra Social del Personal de la Alimentacion, Talar de Pacheco, Buenos Aires 1617, Argentina
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3
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The effect of efflux pump inhibitors on in vitro and in vivo efficacy of solid lipid nanoparticles containing SN38. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Ruansit W, Charerntantanakul W. Oral supplementation of quercetin in PRRSV-1 modified-live virus vaccinated pigs in response to HP-PRRSV-2 challenge. Vaccine 2020; 38:3570-3581. [PMID: 32184034 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of quercetin on improving cross protection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-1 (PRRSV-1) modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine against highly pathogenic (HP)-PRRSV-2 challenge. Ex vivo experiments demonstrated that quercetin significantly enhanced type I interferon-regulated genes (IRGs) and type I and II interferon (IFN), and significantly decreased pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expressions in HP-PRRSV-inoculated monocyte-derived macrophages. In vivo experiments divided pigs (4-week-old; n = 24) into four groups of six pigs. Group 1 and group 2 were immunized with PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine at 0 dpv (day post vaccination). Group 2 also received oral administration of quercetin at 0-49 dpv. Group 3 was injected with PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine solvent at 0 dpv. Group 4 served as strict control. Group 1-3 were challenged intranasally with HP-PRRSV at 28 dpv and immune and clinical parameters were monitored weekly until 49 dpv. Group 1 demonstrated significantly reduced HP-PRRSV viremia, rectal temperature and clinical scores, and significantly improved average daily weight gain (ADWG), compared to group 3. Group 2 demonstrated significantly increased IFN regulatory factor 3, stimulator of IFN genes, IFNα, and significantly decreased transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) mRNA expressions, compared to group 1. The animals demonstrated significantly reduced HP-PRRSV viremia, but did not demonstrate any further improved PRRSV-specific antibody responses, rectal temperature, clinical scores, and ADWG as compared to group 1. Our findings suggest that quercetin up-regulates IRGs, IFNα, and down-regulates TGFβ mRNA expressions which may contribute to further reducing number of viremic pigs and HP-PRRSV viremia which were conferred by PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine. Our findings also suggest that quercetin may serve as an effective oral immunomodulator for improving cell-mediated immune defense to HP-PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilawan Ruansit
- Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
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5
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Matthan NR, Solano-Aguilar G, Meng H, Lamon-Fava S, Goldbaum A, Walker ME, Jang S, Lakshman S, Molokin A, Xie Y, Beshah E, Stanley J, Urban Jr. JF, Lichtenstein AH. The Ossabaw Pig Is a Suitable Translational Model to Evaluate Dietary Patterns and Coronary Artery Disease Risk. J Nutr 2018; 148:542-551. [PMID: 29659954 PMCID: PMC6669954 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Animal models that mimic diet-induced human pathogenesis of chronic diseases are of increasing importance in preclinical studies. The Ossabaw pig is an established model for obesity-related metabolic disorders when fed extreme diets in caloric excess. Objective To increase the translational nature of this model, we evaluated the effect of diets resembling 2 human dietary patterns, the Western diet (WD) and the Heart Healthy Diet (HHD), without or with atorvastatin (-S or +S) therapy, on cardiometabolic risk factors and atherosclerosis development. Methods Ossabaw pigs (n = 32; 16 boars and 16 gilts, aged 5-8 wk) were randomized according to a 2 × 2 factorial design into 4 groups (WD-S, WD+S, HHD-S, and HHD+S) and were fed the respective diets for 6 mo. The WD (high in saturated fat, cholesterol, and refined grain) and the HHD (high in unsaturated fat, whole grain, and fruit and vegetables) were isocaloric [38% of energy (%E) from fat, 47%E from carbohydrate, and 15%E from protein]. Body composition was determined by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, serum fatty acid (FA) profiles by gas chromatography, cardiometabolic risk profile by standard procedures, and degree of atherosclerosis by histopathology. Results Serum FA profiles reflected the predominant dietary FA. Pigs fed the WD had 1- to 4-fold higher concentrations of LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) compared with HHD-fed pigs (all P-diet < 0.05). Statin therapy significantly lowered concentrations of LDL cholesterol (-39%), non-HDL cholesterol (-38%), and triglycerides (-6%) (P-statin < 0.02). A greater degree of atheromatous changes (macrophage infiltration, foam cells, fatty streaks) and lesion incidence was documented in the coronary arteries (P-diet < 0.05), as well as 2- to 3-fold higher lipid deposition in the aortic arch or thoracic aorta of WD- compared with HHD-fed pigs (P-diet < 0.001). Conclusions Ossabaw pigs manifested a dyslipidemic and inflammatory profile accompanied by early-stage atherosclerosis when fed a WD compared with an HHD, which was moderately reduced by atorvastatin therapy. This phenotype presents a translational model to examine mechanistic pathways of whole food-based dietary patterns on atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Gloria Solano-Aguilar
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD
| | - Huicui Meng
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Audrey Goldbaum
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Maura E Walker
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Saebyeol Jang
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD
| | - Sukla Lakshman
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD
| | - Aleksey Molokin
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ethiopia Beshah
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD
| | | | - Joseph F Urban Jr.
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
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Andres S, Pevny S, Ziegenhagen R, Bakhiya N, Schäfer B, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Lampen A. Safety Aspects of the Use of Quercetin as a Dietary Supplement. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 29127724 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoid quercetin is frequently found in low amounts as a secondary plant metabolite in fruits and vegetables. Isolated quercetin is also marketed as a dietary supplement, mostly as the free quercetin aglycone, and frequently in daily doses of up to 1000 mg d-1 exceeding usual dietary intake levels. The present review is dedicated to safety aspects of isolated quercetin used as single compound in dietary supplements. Among the numerous published human intervention studies, adverse effects following supplemental quercetin intake have been rarely reported and any such effects were mild in nature. Published adequate scientific data for safety assessment in regard to the long-term use (>12 weeks) of high supplemental quercetin doses (≥1000 mg) are currently not available. Based on animal studies involving oral quercetin application some possible critical safety aspects could be identified such as the potential of quercetin to enhance nephrotoxic effects in the predamaged kidney or to promote tumor development especially in estrogen-dependent cancer. Furthermore, animal and human studies with single time or short-term supplemental quercetin application revealed interactions between quercetin and certain drugs leading to altered drug bioavailability. Based on these results, some potential risk groups are discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Andres
- Department of Food Safety, Former employee of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Pevny
- Department of Food Safety, Former employee of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Ziegenhagen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadiya Bakhiya
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Schäfer
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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7
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Wang GM, Chen KQ, Li B, Li YN. Effect of lovastatin treatment on liver function in elderly hepatitis B virus carriers with coronary heart disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:541-545. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i6.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of lovastatin treatment on liver function in elderly hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers with coronary heart disease.
METHODS From March 2013 to December 2015, 80 elderly HBV carriers who had coronary heart disease were included, and they were randomly divided into either a control group (n = 40) or an observation group (n = 40). The control group was given conventional therapy, while the observation group was treated with lovastatin on the basis of conventional therapy. Liver function indexes were compared between the two groups. The number of patients with liver exacerbation was also compared.
RESULTS After treatment, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels had a significant increase in the observation group (P < 0.05), but not in the control group (P > 0.05). direct bilirubin (DB) level increased significantly in both groups (P < 0.05), but total bilirubin (TB) level did not (P > 0.05). The elevations of ALT and AST in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), while the elevations of DB and TB had no statistical significance between the two groups. The observation group had a higher rate of ALT > upper limit of normal (ULN) than the control group, but with no statistical significance (P > 0.05), while the rate of ALT > 3 × ULN was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Lovastatin treatment can result in a higher rate of liver injury in elderly HBV carriers with coronary heart disease. The monitoring of liver function should be strengthened in this group of patients.
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Jia FF, Tan ZR, McLeod HL, Chen Y, Ou-Yang DS, Zhou HH. Effects of quercetin on pharmacokinetics of cefprozil in Chinese-Han male volunteers. Xenobiotica 2016; 46:896-900. [PMID: 26928207 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1132792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
1. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of cefprozil. The secondary objective was to evaluate the safety of the combined use of cefprozil and quercetin. 2. An open-label, two-period, crossover phase I trial among 24 Han Chinese male subjects was conducted. Participants were given 500 mg of quercetin orally once daily for 15 d followed by single dose of cefprozil (500 mg) on day 15. Serum concentrations of cefprozil were then measured in all participants on day 15. A 15-d washout period was then assigned after which a 500 mg dose of cefprozil was administered and measured in the serum on day 36. 3. All subjects completed the trial, and no serious adverse events were reported. We measured mean serum concentrations of cefprozil in the presence and absence of quercetin in all participants. The maximum serum concentration of cefprozil in the presence of quercetin was 8.18 ug/ml (95% CI: 7.55-8.81) versus a maximum cefprozil concentration of 8.35 ug/ml (95% CI: 7.51-9.19) in the absence of quercetin. We conclude that the concurrent use of quercetin has no substantial effect on serum concentrations of orally administered cefprozil. 4. Co-administration of quercetin showed no statistically significant effects on the pharmacokinetics of cefprozil in healthy Chinese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Jia
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
- b Department of Cancer Epidemiology , DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa , FL , USA , and
- c Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Zhi-Rong Tan
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
- c Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Howard L McLeod
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
- b Department of Cancer Epidemiology , DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa , FL , USA , and
| | - Yao Chen
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
- c Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Dong-Sheng Ou-Yang
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
- c Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
- c Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University , Changsha , China
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Liu Y, Luo X, Yang C, Yang T, Zhou J, Shi S. Impact of quercetin‑induced changes in drug‑metabolizing enzyme and transporter expression on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3073-85. [PMID: 27510982 PMCID: PMC5042751 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether quercetin (Que) modulates the mRNA and protein expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and drug transporters (DTs) in the small intestine and liver, and thus modifies the pharmacokinetic profile of cyclosporine (CsA) in rats. This two-part study evaluated the pharmacokinetic profiles of CsA in the presence or absence of Que (experiment I) and the involvement of DMEs and DTs (experiment II). In experiment I, 24 rats received single-dose CsA (10 mg/kg) on day 1, single-dose Que (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day; eight rats in each group) on days 3–8, and concomitant CsA/Que on day 9. In experiment II, the mRNA and protein expression levels of cytochrome P (CYP)3A1, CYP3A2, UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus, organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP)2B1, OATP1B2, P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 in the small intestine and liver of rats were analyzed following oral administration of Que at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg in the presence or absence of CsA (10 mg/kg) for seven consecutive days. Co-administration of Que (25,50 and 100 mg/kg) decreased the maximum serum concentration of CsA by 46, 50 and 47% in a dose-independent manner. In addition, the area under the curve to the last measurable concentration and area under the curve to infinite time were decreased, by 21 and 16%, 30 and 33%, and 33 and 34% (P<0.01), respectively. However, the mRNA and protein expression levels of the above-mentioned DMEs and DTs were inhibited by Que in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01) to a similar extent in the small intestine and liver. It was demonstrated that Que was able to reduce the bioavailability of CsA following multiple concomitant doses in rats. Overlapping modulation of intestinal and hepatic DMEs and DTs, as well as the DME-DT interplay are potential explanations for these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Kashyap D, Mittal S, Sak K, Singhal P, Tuli HS. Molecular mechanisms of action of quercetin in cancer: recent advances. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12927-12939. [PMID: 27448306 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the scientific community has discovered an immense potential of natural compounds in the treatment of dreadful diseases such as cancer. Besides the availability of a variety of natural bioactive molecules, efficacious cancer therapy still needs to be developed. So, to design an efficacious cancer treatment strategy, it is essential to understand the interactions of natural molecules with their respective cellular targets. Quercetin (Quer) is a naturally occurring flavonol present in many commonly consumed food items. It governs numerous intracellular targets, including the proteins involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, detoxification, antioxidant replication, and angiogenesis. The weight of available synergistic studies vigorously fortifies the utilization of Quer as a chemoprevention drug. This extensive review covers various therapeutic interactions of Quer with their recognized cellular targets involved in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir Kashyap
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab, 160012, India
| | - Sonam Mittal
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Katrin Sak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Paavan Singhal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, 133203, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, 133203, India.
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Tan J, Fu X, Sun CG, Liu C, Zhang XH, Cui YY, Guo Q, Ma T, Wang H, Du GH, Yin X, Liu ZJ, Leng HJ, Xu YS, Song CL. A single CT-guided percutaneous intraosseous injection of thermosensitive simvastatin/poloxamer 407 hydrogel enhances vertebral bone formation in ovariectomized minipigs. Osteoporos Int 2016. [PMID: 26223190 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The ultimate goal of osteoporosis treatment is prevention of fragile fracture. Local treatment targeting specific bone may decrease the incidence of osteoporotic fractures. We developed an injectable, thermosensitive simvastatin/poloxamer 407 hydrogel; a single CT-guided percutaneous intraosseous injection augmented vertebrae in ovariectomized minipigs. INTRODUCTION The greatest hazard associated with osteoporosis is local fragility fractures. An adjunct, local treatment might be helpful to decrease the incidence of osteoporotic fracture. Studies have found that simvastatin stimulates bone formation, but the skeletal bioavailability of orally administered is low. Directly delivering simvastatin to the specific bone that is prone to fractures may reinforce the target bone and reduce the incidence of fragility fractures. METHODS We developed an injectable, thermosensitive simvastatin/poloxamer 407 hydrogel, conducted scanning electron microscopy, rheological, and drug release analyses to evaluate the delivery system; injected it into the lumbar vertebrae of ovariectomized minipigs via minimally invasive CT-guided percutaneous vertebral injection. Three months later, BMD, microstructures, mineral apposition rates, and strength were determined by DXA, micro-CT, histology, and biomechanical test; expression of VEGF, BMP2, and osteocalcin were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blots. RESULTS Poloxamer 407 is an effective controlled delivery system for intraosseous-injected simvastatin. A single injection of the simvastatin/poloxamer 407 hydrogel significantly increased BMD, bone microstructure, and strength; the bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness increased nearly 150 %, bone strength almost doubled compared with controls (all P < 0.01); and induced higher expression of VEGF, BMP2, and osteocalcin. CONCLUSIONS CT-guided percutaneous vertebral injection of a single simvastatin/poloxamer 407 thermosensitive hydrogel promotes bone formation in ovariectomized minipigs. The underlying mechanism appears to involve the higher expression of VEGF and BMP-2.
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MESH Headings
- Absorptiometry, Photon/methods
- Animals
- Bone Density/drug effects
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/metabolism
- Chemistry, Physical
- Drug Combinations
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Female
- Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
- Injections, Spinal
- Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging
- Lumbar Vertebrae/metabolism
- Lumbar Vertebrae/physiopathology
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging
- Osteoporosis/drug therapy
- Osteoporosis/physiopathology
- Ovariectomy
- Poloxamer/administration & dosage
- Poloxamer/chemistry
- Poloxamer/pharmacology
- Poloxamer/therapeutic use
- Radiography, Interventional
- Rheology
- Simvastatin/administration & dosage
- Simvastatin/pharmacology
- Simvastatin/therapeutic use
- Swine
- Swine, Miniature
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - X Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - C G Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - C Liu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - X H Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Y Y Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Q Guo
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - T Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - G H Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - X Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Z J Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - H J Leng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Y S Xu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - C L Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, 100191, China.
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12
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Nguyen MA, Staubach P, Wolffram S, Langguth P. The Influence of Single-Dose and Short-Term Administration of Quercetin on the Pharmacokinetics of Midazolam in Humans. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3199-207. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Wein SA, Laviano A, Wolffram S. Quercetin induces hepatic γ-glutamyl hydrolase expression in rats by suppressing hepatic microRNA rno-miR-125b-3p. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1660-3. [PMID: 26432773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous factors such as food components including the flavonoid quercetin are suspected to influence micro RNA (miRNA) concentrations and thus possibly target enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. This study therefore investigates the influence of orally administered quercetin on hepatic miRNA and the identification of enzyme target mRNAs relevant in drug metabolism. Male Wistar rats (n=16) were fed either a diet without (C) or with (Q) the addition of 100-ppm quercetin for 7 weeks and subsequently euthanized at the end of the dark phase. To avoid strong effects of food deprivation on hepatic metabolism, food was not removed until 5 h prior to the procedure. Liver was immediately dissected and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Concentrations of 352 hepatic miRNA were measured in pool samples of each dietary group (n=8) using the RT(2) miRNA PCR Array System. Differential expression of miRNAs was assumed with fold changes ≥3. Target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using the database TargetScan. Because rno-miR-125b-3p showed the most prominent fold-change (-9) we further analyzed the expression of its top predicted target gene gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) by quantitative real-time PCR using hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (hprt1) as endogenous control. Compared to controls, 23 miRNAs were differentially expressed in rats fed quercetin. A ninefold reduction in hepatic miRNA rno-miR-125b-3p was paralleled by significant induction of GGH mRNA in liver of quercetin fed rats. Because increased GGH expressions were repeatedly associated with resistance to methotrexate, concomitant intake with quercetin should be monitored carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Anette Wein
- Institute of Animal Nutrition & Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Siegfried Wolffram
- Institute of Animal Nutrition & Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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14
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Peterson JJ, Dwyer JT, Jacques PF, McCullough ML. Improving the estimation of flavonoid intake for study of health outcomes. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:553-76. [PMID: 26084477 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprecision in estimating intakes of non-nutrient bioactive compounds such as flavonoids is a challenge in epidemiologic studies of health outcomes. The sources of this imprecision, using flavonoids as an example, include the variability of bioactive compounds in foods due to differences in growing conditions and processing, the challenges in laboratory quantification of flavonoids in foods, the incompleteness of flavonoid food composition tables, and the lack of adequate dietary assessment instruments. Steps to improve databases of bioactive compounds and to increase the accuracy and precision of the estimation of bioactive compound intakes in studies of health benefits and outcomes are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Peterson
- J.J. Peterson, J.T. Dwyer, and P.F. Jacques are with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer and P.F. Jacques are with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer is with the Tufts University School of Medicine and Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. M.L. McCullough is with the Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- J.J. Peterson, J.T. Dwyer, and P.F. Jacques are with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer and P.F. Jacques are with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer is with the Tufts University School of Medicine and Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. M.L. McCullough is with the Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- J.J. Peterson, J.T. Dwyer, and P.F. Jacques are with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer and P.F. Jacques are with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer is with the Tufts University School of Medicine and Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. M.L. McCullough is with the Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marjorie L McCullough
- J.J. Peterson, J.T. Dwyer, and P.F. Jacques are with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer and P.F. Jacques are with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer is with the Tufts University School of Medicine and Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. M.L. McCullough is with the Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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15
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Challa SR, Challa VR, Ragam SK. Quercetin declines plasma exposure of metoprolol tartrate in the rat model. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2014; 5:185-90. [PMID: 25364697 PMCID: PMC4215482 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.143038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of Metoprolol tartrate. A single dose in vivo pharmacokinetic study was carried out in rat models. In this study, rats were treated with quercetin (10 mg/kg) and metoprolol tartrate (20 mg/kg) orally and blood samples were collected 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 12 h post treatment. Plasma concentration of metoprolol tartrate was estimated using reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography method. Area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-12) of metoprolol has significantly (P < 0.001) decreased by 9.8 times in the metoprolol and quercetin combination group (9434.65 ± 3525.02) when compared with AUC0-12 metoprolol of metoprolol-alone treated group (962.17 ± 242.81). AUC0-∞ of metoprolol has significantly (P < 0.001) decreased by 14.9 times in the combination group (16670.79 ± 12129.06) in comparison to AUC0-∞ of metoprolol of metoprolol-alone treated group (1113.68 ± 441.83). the results obtained herein indicate that quercetin remarkably declines the plasma exposure of metoprolol when concomitantly administered by oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva R Challa
- Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
| | - Venkatesh R Challa
- Department of Pharmacology, AMR Memorial College of Pharmacy, Narasaraopet, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Satheesh K Ragam
- Department of Pharmacology, AMR Memorial College of Pharmacy, Narasaraopet, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Rasmussen MK, Zamaratskaia G. Regulation of porcine hepatic cytochrome p450 - implication for boar taint. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014; 11:106-12. [PMID: 25408844 PMCID: PMC4232568 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is the major family of enzymes involved in the metabolism of several xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. Among substrates for CYP450 is the tryptophan metabolite skatole (3-methylindole), one of the major contributors to the off-odour associated with boar-tainted meat. The accumulation of skatole in pigs is highly dependent on the hepatic clearance by CYP450s. In recent years, the porcine CYP450 has attracted attention both in relation to meat quality and as a potential model for human CYP450. The molecular regulation of CYP450 mRNA expression is controlled by several nuclear receptors and transcription factors that are targets for numerous endogenously and exogenously produced agonists and antagonists. Moreover, CYP450 expression and activity are affected by factors such as age, gender and feeding. The regulation of porcine CYP450 has been suggested to have more similarities with human CYP450 than other animal models, including rodents. This article reviews the available data on porcine hepatic CYP450s and its implications for boar taint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Krøyer Rasmussen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
- INSERM U1040, University of Montpellier, France
- Corresponding author at: Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. Tel.: + 45 87 15 74 26.
| | - Galia Zamaratskaia
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Koval’skii IV, Krasnyuk II, Krasnyuk II, Nikulina OI, Belyatskaya AV, Kharitonov YY, Feldman NB, Lutsenko SV. Mechanisms of Rutin Pharmacological Action (Review). Pharm Chem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-014-1050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Zhao L, Zhao P, Wang L, Ma X, Hou X, Li F. A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on the solidification of a floating organic drop combined with HPLC for the determination of lovastatin and simvastatin in rat urine. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:895-900. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Pan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Linli Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Xiaohong Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Famei Li
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
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Phytochemical, therapeutic, and ethnopharmacological overview for a traditionally important herb: Boerhavia diffusa Linn. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:808302. [PMID: 24949473 PMCID: PMC4053255 DOI: 10.1155/2014/808302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Boerhavia diffusa (BD) is a plant of rasayana category as per ayurvedic claims. It is reported to possess antiaging, disease prevention, and life strengthening activities which hold enormous influence in disease burden and affordability/availability of healthcare in the world. Objective. This paper has been compiled to comment on the studies reported for BD to highlight its chemical and therapeutic potential along with its ethnopharmacological considerations. Methods. In the present paper, a detailed account of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities has been presented. All the findings were correlated with modern pharmacological activities to appraise the value of BD. Results. Chemical analysis of BD gives a wide variety of chemical constituents, namely, rotenoids, flavonoids, xanthones, purine nucleoside, lignans, and steroids. Various ethnopharmacological reports emphasize its role in disorders of reproductive system, gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, urinary system, hepatic system/jaundice, cardiovascular system, and cancer. Conclusions. The studies on the therapeutic activities of BD range from studies on crude extracts to isolated compounds; however some of the studies require sophistication and validated results. BD is a plant of enormous importance in the purview of its chemical and therapeutic properties.
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20
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Wang H, Blumberg JB, Chen CYO, Choi SW, Corcoran MP, Harris SS, Jacques PF, Kristo AS, Lai CQ, Lamon-Fava S, Matthan NR, McKay DL, Meydani M, Parnell LD, Prokopy MP, Scott TM, Lichtenstein AH. Dietary modulators of statin efficacy in cardiovascular disease and cognition. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 38:1-53. [PMID: 24813475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and other developed countries, and is fast growing in developing countries, particularly as life expectancy in all parts of the world increases. Current recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease issued jointly from the American Academy of Cardiology and American Heart Association emphasize that lifestyle modification should be incorporated into any treatment plan, including those on statin drugs. However, there is a dearth of data on the interaction between diet and statins with respect to additive, complementary or antagonistic effects. This review collates the available data on the interaction of statins and dietary patterns, cognition, genetics and individual nutrients, including vitamin D, niacin, omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, phytochemicals (polyphenols and stanols) and alcohol. Of note, although the available data is summarized, the scope is limited, conflicting and disparate. In some cases it is likely there is unrecognized synergism. Virtually no data are available describing the interactions of statins with dietary components or dietary pattern in subgroups of the population, particularly those who may benefit most were positive effects identified. Hence, it is virtually impossible to draw any firm conclusions at this time. Nevertheless, this area is important because were the effects of statins and diet additive or synergistic harnessing the effect could potentially lead to the use of a lower intensity statin or dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Wang
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael P Corcoran
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan S Harris
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aleksandra S Kristo
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane L McKay
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurence D Parnell
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Max P Prokopy
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tammy M Scott
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Qin J, Wang L, Bai Y, Li Y, Jing Y, Han L, Wang J. Enhanced absorption and bioavailability of hydrochlorothiazide by Chinese medicines in the Zhenju antihypertensive compound. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:855-64. [PMID: 24392686 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was performed to investigate the influence of traditional Chinese medicines in the Zhenju antihypertensive compound (ZJAHC) on the oral absorption of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Caco-2 cells and the in situ closed loop system were used to investigate the possible mechanism of the Chinese-Western medicine interaction on the transepithelial transport and uptake of HCT. The influence of TCMs on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of HCT was also studied to reveal the possible interaction in vivo. KEY FINDINGS In an in situ intestinal perfusion study, the cumulative amount of HCT of ZJAHC group (506.05 μg ± 96.03) was 2.2-fold, 2.18-fold and 1.38-fold higher compared to that of the HCT group (228.29 μg ± 23.39), HCT-clonidine (CLO) group (232.13 ± 54.79 μg) and HCT-rutin (RT) group (366.08 ± 21.97 μg), respectively, after 120 min of perfusion. A pharmacokinetic analysis showed a significant increase in area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of HCT in the ZJAHC group by 2.14-fold, 2.01-fold and 1.32-fold compared to the HCT, HCT-CLO and HCT-RT groups, respectively. As a P-gp inhibitor, RT could contribute to the enhanced oral absorption of HCT in ZJAHC. CONCLUSION The combination of traditional Chinese medicines and chemical drugs may provide a promising strategy and unique advantages to reduce the dosage and side effects of chemical drugs while maintaining an effect on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Pharmacokinetics of orally administered simvastatin in turkeys. Pol J Vet Sci 2013; 16:377-9. [PMID: 23971207 DOI: 10.2478/pjvs-2013-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin (SIM) administered orally in 6-week-old turkeys at a single dose of 2 mg/kg b.w. The SIM concentrations in plasma were determined by validated HPLC-MS/MS method. Mean (+/- SD; n = 10) values of pharmacokinetic parameters evaluated were as follows: Cmax = 0.49 +/- 0.21 ng/ml, t(max) = 1.6 +/- 1.1 h, AUC(0-infinity) = 1.08 +/- 0.57 h x ng/ml, t1/2kel = 2.14 +/-1.3 h and MRT = 3.08 +/- 1.52 h. The results indicate that the SIM is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of turkeys; however, achieved plasma level is lower compared to those observed in mammals.
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Wein S, Cermak R, Wolffram S, Langguth P. Chronic quercetin feeding decreases plasma concentrations of salicylamide phase II metabolites in pigs following oral administration. Xenobiotica 2011; 42:477-82. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.641607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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24
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Haritova A, Urumova V, Lutckanov M, Petrov V, Lashev L. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic indices of enrofloxacin in Escherichia coli O78/H12 infected chickens. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1530-6. [PMID: 21458518 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of quercetin and enrofloxacin with/without quercetin on elimination of pathogen Escherichia coli O78/H12 in infected chickens. Effect of quercetin on disposition of enrofloxacin was investigated and Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic indices were calculated. Enrofloxacin was absorbed after oral administration in infected animals but with large inter-individual variations. Low concentrations of its main metabolite, ciprofloxacin, were found which could be explained with marked reduction of enrofloxacin transformation in infected animals. Quercetin significantly decreased bioavailability of enrofloxacin and its transformation to ciprofloxacin. Lower formation of metabolite was also found in the studied tissues as spleen, heart, lungs and in liver of group treated in combination with quercetin. Results in infected and quercetin (50 mg/kg) treated group shows lower percentage of re-isolates of the pathogen bacteria in comparison to infected and untreated animals, and close to the low dose (10 mg/kg) of enrofloxacin. High dose of enrofloxacin given in a short time in an infection model with high inoculum size, resulted in better eradication of bacteria although re-isolates could be found in spleen. Additional improvement of the outcome of fluoroquinolone therapy could be searched in early start of drug administration according to the terms of metaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneliya Haritova
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
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25
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Abstract
There is increasing interest in the potential health benefits of dietary flavonoids. Fruits and vegetables, tea, and cocoa are rich natural sources of flavonoids. Epidemiological studies have indicated that consumption of these foods is likely to be associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, but the etiology of this benefit is not yet clearly defined. Furthermore, in some acute interventions, a positive effect of tea and cocoa on vascular function has been reported. An alternative source of flavonoids is dietary supplements, which have become increasingly popular in the recent past. In this context, it needs to be critically evaluated whether vascular health-promoting and other positive properties of flavonoid-rich diets can be replaced by purified flavonoids as dietary supplements. Plant sources of flavonoids contain a complex mixture of secondary plant metabolites and not only flavonoids per se. This complex mixture of secondary plant metabolites cannot be simply exchanged by single purified compounds as dietary supplements. If flavonoids are given as dietary supplements, toxicity issues as well as nutrient drug interactions need to be taken into account. Purified flavonoids given in high doses as dietary supplements may affect trace element, folate, and vitamin C status. Furthermore, they may exhibit antithyroid and goitrogenic activities. In this review article, the available literature on the safety issues surrounding high dose supplemental flavonoid consumption has been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Egert
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24089 Kiel, Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Shunmugavel A, Khan M, Te Chou PC, Dhindsa RK, Martin MM, Copay AG, Subach BR, Schuler TC, Bilgen M, Orak JK, Singh I. Simvastatin protects bladder and renal functions following spinal cord injury in rats. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2010; 7:17. [PMID: 20403180 PMCID: PMC2873501 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary bladder and renal dysfunction are secondary events associated with spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans. These secondary events not only compromise quality of life but also delay overall recovery from SCI pathophysiology. Furthermore, in experimental models the effects of SCI therapy on bladder and renal functions are generally not evaluated. In this study, we tested whether simvastatin improves bladder and renal functions in a rat model of experimental SCI. METHODS SCI was induced by controlled contusion of T9-T10 in adult female rats. Simvastatin (5 mg/Kg body weight) was administered at two hours after SCI and repeated every 24 hours until the end point. Simvastatin-treated SCI animals (simvastatin group) were compared with vehicle-treated SCI animals (vehicle group) in terms of the Basso Beattie Bresnahan score, tissue morphology, cell death, and bladder/renal functions. RESULTS The urinary bladder of vehicle animals showed a 4.3-fold increase in size and a 9-fold increase in wet weight compared to sham animals. Following SCI, the urine to plasma osmolality ratio increased initially but decreased 1 week after SCI. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of bladder tissue showed transitional epithelial hyperplasia, degeneration of lamina propria, and enlargement of tunica adventia in addition to detrusor muscle hypertrophy. Rats treated with simvastatin for 14 days displayed remarkable recovery by showing decreased bladder size and maintenance of a normal urine/plasma osmolality ratio, in addition to improved locomotion. The muscularis layer of the bladder also regained its compact nature in simvastatin animals. Moreover, SCI-induced renal caspase-3 activity was significantly decreased in the simvastatin group indicating the ability of simvastatin to reduce the renal tubular apoptosis. CONCLUSION Post-injury administration of simvastatin ameliorates bladder and renal dysfunction associated with SCI in rats.
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