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Park H, Ha E, Kim J, Kim M. Injectable sustained‐release poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres of exenatide prepared by supercritical fluid extraction of emulsion process based on a design of experiment approach. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10485. [DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heejun Park
- College of Pharmacy Duksung Women's University Seoul South Korea
| | - Eun‐Sol Ha
- College of Pharmacy Pusan National University Busan South Korea
| | - Jeong‐Soo Kim
- Dong‐A ST Research Institute Dong‐A ST Co. Ltd. Giheung‐gu Yongin‐si Gyeonggi South Korea
| | - Min‐Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy Pusan National University Busan South Korea
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Icart LP, Souza FG, Lima LMTR. Polymeric microparticle systems for modified release of glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists. J Microencapsul 2021; 38:249-261. [PMID: 33586588 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2021.1889059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a fast-growing worldwide epidemic. Despite the multiple therapies available to treat type 2 diabetes, the disease is not correctly managed in over half of patients, mainly due to non-compliance with prescribed treatment regimes. The development of analogues to the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has resulted in the extension of its half-life and associated benefits. Further benefits in the use of peptide-based GLP-1 receptor agonists have been achieved by the use of controlled-release systems based on polymeric microparticles. In this review, we focus on commercially available formulations and others that remain in development, discussing the preparation methods and the relationship between in vitro and in vivo kinetic release behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Peña Icart
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory (pbiotech), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biopolymers and Sensors (LaBioS), Institute of Macromolecules, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gomes Souza
- Laboratory of Biopolymers and Sensors (LaBioS), Institute of Macromolecules, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luís Maurício T R Lima
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory (pbiotech), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biopolymers and Sensors (LaBioS), Institute of Macromolecules, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory for Macromolecules (LAMAC-DIMAV), Brazilian National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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3
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Park H, Ha DH, Ha ES, Kim JS, Kim MS, Hwang SJ. Effect of Stabilizers on Encapsulation Efficiency and Release Behavior of Exenatide-Loaded PLGA Microsphere Prepared by the W/O/W Solvent Evaporation Method. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E627. [PMID: 31771254 PMCID: PMC6955873 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various stabilizers on the encapsulation efficiency and release of exenatide-loaded PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) microspheres prepared by the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) solvent evaporation (SE) method. It was shown that the stabilizers affected exenatide stability in aqueous solutions, at water/dichloromethane interfaces, on PLGA surfaces, or during freeze-thawing and freeze-drying procedures. Sucrose predominantly reduces instability generated during freeze-thawing and freeze-drying. Phenylalanine prevents the destabilization at the water-dichloromethane (DCM) interface through decreased adsorption. Poloxamer 188 enhances stability in aqueous solutions and prevents adsorption to PLGA. Proline and lysine decrease adsorption on PLGA surfaces. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to find the molecular interaction of additives with exenatide or PLGA. Additives used in stability assessments were then added stepwise into the inner or outer water phase of the W/O/W double emulsion, and exenatide-loaded microspheres were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. The effect of each stabilizer on the encapsulation efficiency and release behavior of microspheres correlated well with the stability assessment results, except for the negative effect of poloxamer 188. Particle size analysis using laser diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water vapor sorption analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy were also employed to characterize the prepared exenatide-loaded PLGA microsphere. This study demonstrated that an adequate formulation can be obtained by the study about the effect of stabilizers on peptide stability at the preformulation step. In addition, it can help to overcome various problems that can cause the destabilization of a peptide during the microsphere-manufacturing process and sustained drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.P.); (D.-H.H.); (E.-S.H.)
| | - Dong-Hyun Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.P.); (D.-H.H.); (E.-S.H.)
| | - Eun-Sol Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.P.); (D.-H.H.); (E.-S.H.)
| | - Jeong-Soo Kim
- Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-905, Korea;
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.P.); (D.-H.H.); (E.-S.H.)
| | - Sung-Joo Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea
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4
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He Z, Hu Y, Gui Z, Zhou Y, Nie T, Zhu J, Liu Z, Chen K, Liu L, Leong KW, Cao P, Chen Y, Mao HQ. Sustained release of exendin-4 from tannic acid/Fe (III) nanoparticles prolongs blood glycemic control in a mouse model of type II diabetes. J Control Release 2019; 301:119-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Chen C, Zheng H, Xu J, Shi X, Li F, Wang X. Sustained-release study on Exenatide loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticles: in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 25:20. [PMID: 28870261 PMCID: PMC5583966 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-017-0186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exenatide (EXT), the first glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has been approved as an adjunctive therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes. Due to EXT's short half-life, EXT must be administrated by continuous subcutaneous (s.c.) injection twice daily. In previous studies, many studies on EXT loaded into polymer materials carriers for sustained release had been reported. However, these carriers have some defects, such as hydrophobicity, low surface energy, low mechanical strength, and poor chemical stability. Therefore, this study aims to develop a novel drug delivery system, which is EXT loaded into well-ordered hexagonal mesoporous silica structures (EXT-SBA-15), to control the sustainability of EXT. METHODS SBA-15 was prepared by hydrothermal method with uniform size. Morphology of SBA-15 was employed by transmission electron microscopy. The pore size of SBA-15 was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The in vitro drug release behavior and pharmacokinetics of EXT-SBA-15 were investigated. Furthermore, the blood glucose levels of diabetic mice were monitored after subcutaneous injection of EXT-Sol and EXT-SBA-15 to evaluate further the stable hypoglycemic effect of EXT-SBA-15. RESULTS EXT-SBA-15 showed a higher drug loading efficiency (15.2 ± 2.0%) and sustained-release features in vitro. In addition, pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the EXT-SBA-15 treatment group extended the half-life t 1/2(β) to 14.53 ± 0.70 h compared with that of the EXT solution (EXT-Sol) treatment group (0.60 ± 0.08 h) in vivo. Results of the pharmacodynamics study show that the EXT-SBA-15 treatment group had inhibited blood glucose levels below 20 mmol/L for 25 days, and the lowest blood glucose level was 13 mmol/L on the 10th day. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the EXT-SBA-15 delivery system can control the sustainability of EXT and contribute to improve EXT clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiwei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311042, China
| | - Hongyue Zheng
- Libraries of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Junjun Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311042, China
| | - Fanzhu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311042, China.
| | - Xuanshen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China.
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Wang P, Wang Q, Ren T, Gong H, Gou J, Zhang Y, Cai C, Tang X. Effects of Pluronic F127-PEG multi-gel-core on the release profile and pharmacodynamics of Exenatide loaded in PLGA microspheres. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 147:360-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Dong Y, Chen YT, Yang YX, Zhou XJ, Dai SJ, Tong JF, Shou D, Li C. Metabolomics Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the AntiDiabetic Effect of Berberine in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats Using Uplc-ESI-Hdms. Phytother Res 2016; 30:823-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; No. 548, Binwen Road Hangzhou 310053 China
- Department of Medicine; Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine; No. 132, Tianmushan Road Hangzhou 310007 China
| | - Yi-Tao Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; No. 548, Binwen Road Hangzhou 310053 China
| | - Yuan-Xiao Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; No. 548, Binwen Road Hangzhou 310053 China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; No. 548, Binwen Road Hangzhou 310053 China
| | - Shi-Jie Dai
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; No. 548, Binwen Road Hangzhou 310053 China
| | - Jun-Feng Tong
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; No. 548, Binwen Road Hangzhou 310053 China
| | - Dan Shou
- Department of Medicine; Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine; No. 132, Tianmushan Road Hangzhou 310007 China
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus; No. 148, Tianmushan Road Hangzhou 310028 China
| | - Changyu Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; No. 548, Binwen Road Hangzhou 310053 China
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Liu S, Wu D, Quan YS, Kamiyama F, Kusamori K, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Improvement of Transdermal Delivery of Exendin-4 Using Novel Tip-Loaded Microneedle Arrays Fabricated from Hyaluronic Acid. Mol Pharm 2015; 13:272-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Ying-shu Quan
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
- CosMED Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Higashikujo Kawanishi-cho 32, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8014, Japan
| | - Fumio Kamiyama
- CosMED Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Higashikujo Kawanishi-cho 32, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8014, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Katsumi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Zhu C, Huang Y, Zhang X, Mei L, Pan X, Li G, Wu C. Comparative studies on exenatide-loaded poly ( d , l -lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles prepared by a novel ultra-fine particle processing system and spray drying. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 132:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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D'Souza S, Faraj JA, Giovagnoli S, DeLuca PP. In vitro-in vivo correlation from lactide-co-glycolide polymeric dosage forms. Prog Biomater 2014; 3:131-142. [PMID: 29470771 PMCID: PMC5301450 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-014-0029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro behavior of four long-acting subcutaneous risperidone formulations with in vivo performance, with the intent of establishing an IVIVC. Two copolymers of PLGA (50:50 and 75:25) were used to prepare four microsphere formulations of risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic. In vitro behavior was assessed at the physiological temperature (37 °C) using the ‘modified dialysis’ technique. The in vitro release profile demonstrated rank order behavior with Formulations A and B, prepared using the 50:50 copolymer, exhibiting rapid drug release, while Formulations C and D, prepared using 75:25 PLGA, released drug in a slower manner. In vivo profiles were obtained by two approaches, i.e., deconvolution using the Nelson–Wagner equation (the FDA recommended approach) and using fractional AUC. With both in vivo approaches, the 50:50 PLGA preparations released drug faster than the 75:25 PLGA microspheres, exhibiting the same rank order observed in vitro. Additionally, profiles for the four formulations obtained using the deconvolution approach were nearly superimposable with fractional AUC, implying that the latter procedure could be used as a substitute for the Nelson–Wagner method. A comparison of drug release profiles for the four formulations revealed that in three of the four formulations, in vivo release was slightly faster than that in vitro, but the results were not statistically significant (P > 0.0001). An excellent linear correlation (R2 values between 0.97 and 0.99) was obtained when % in vitro release for each formulation was compared with its corresponding in vivo release profile, obtained by using fraction absorbed (Nelson–Wagner method) or fractional AUC. In summary, using the four formulations that exhibited different release rates, a Level A IVIVC was established using the FDA-recommended deconvolution method and fractional AUC approach. The excellent relationship between in vitro drug release and the amount of drug absorbed in vivo in this study was corroborated by the nearly 1:1 correlation (R2 greater than 0.97) between in vitro release and in vivo performance. Thus, the results of the current study suggest that proper selection of an in vitro method to assess drug release from long-acting injectables will aid in obtaining a Level A IVIVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D'Souza
- University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA.
| | - Jabar A Faraj
- University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Evonik Inc, 750 Lakeshore Parkway, Birmingham, AL, 35211, USA
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrick P DeLuca
- University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the physicochemical effects of hydrating a hydrophobic end-capped poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymer in the liquid and vapor state. PLGA RG503 polymer was incubated at 37°C in 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and at 90% RH. Samples were withdrawn at predetermined intervals and changes to polymer properties like glass transition temperature (Tg), moisture uptake, molecular weight change, and % acid number were determined using differential scanning calorimetry, Karl Fisher titrimetry, gel permeation chromatography, and acid base titrimetry, respectively. Study results showed that Tg was depressed instantaneously upon hydration, indicating that bulk water acted as a plasticizer of hydrophobic end-capped PLGA. Tg values decreased to levels below the incubation temperature when hydrated in 0.5% PVA solution but not in 90% RH. The drop in Tg exhibited a linear relationship (R2>0.99) to the amount of water uptake by the polymer; higher moisture uptake was noted with liquid water. Removal of moisture from the polymer matrix resulted in recovery of Tg, only up to a period of 14 days. Presence of water in liquid or vapor form caused a reduction in molecular weight of the polymer and a corresponding increase in % acid number over the duration of the study.
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Xuan J, Lin Y, Huang J, Yuan F, Li X, Lu Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Sun Z, Zou H, Chen Y, Gao J, Zhong Y. Exenatide-loaded PLGA microspheres with improved glycemic control: in vitro bioactivity and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles after subcutaneous administration to SD rats. Peptides 2013; 46:172-9. [PMID: 23770254 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A subcutaneous exenatide delivery system was developed and characterized in vitro and in vivo. The results clearly showed that the exenatide loaded PLGA microspheres prepared by using a non-aqueous processing medium had low burst release and high drug encapsulation efficiency. Exenatide loaded in the microspheres preserved its bioactivity. The pharmacokinetics parameters were determined after subcutaneous administration of microspheres to SD rats. The plasma concentration of the single dose of the sustained-release microspheres attained C(max) of 108.19±14.92 ng/ml at t(max) of 1.33±0.58 h and the t(½) was 120.65±44.18 h. There was a linear correlation between the in vitro and in vivo release behavior (R²=0.888). Exenatide loaded microspheres may prove to have great potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Xuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, the Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Araújo F, Fonte P, Santos HA, Sarmento B. Oral delivery of glucagon-like peptide-1 and analogs: alternatives for diabetes control? J Diabetes Sci Technol 2012; 6:1486-97. [PMID: 23294796 PMCID: PMC3570891 DOI: 10.1177/193229681200600630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. Current treatments are often associated with off-target effects and do not significantly impact disease progression. New therapies are therefore urgently needed to overcome this social burden. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone, has been used to control T2DM symptomatology. However, the administration of peptide or proteins drugs is still a huge challenge in the pharmaceutical field, requiring administration by parenteral routes. This article reviews the main hurdles in oral administration of GLP-1 and focuses on the strategies utilized to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Araújo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Health Sciences Research Center,Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fonte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Health Sciences Research Center,Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Health Sciences Research Center,Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Wang M, Sun B, Feng J, Zhang H, Liu B, Li C, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Kong W. Investigation of Transport Mechanism of Exendin-4 across Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cell Monolayers. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:745-52. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.35.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University
| | - Bingxue Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University
| | - Jiao Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University
| | - Haihong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University
| | - Bin Liu
- Jilin Product Quality Supervision Inspection
| | - Chun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University
| | - Yan Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University
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