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Zorin IM, Fetin PA, Mikusheva NG, Lezov AA, Perevyazko I, Gubarev AS, Podsevalnikova AN, Polushin SG, Tsvetkov NV. Pullulan-Graft-Polyoxazoline: Approaches from Chemistry and Physics. Molecules 2023; 29:26. [PMID: 38202609 PMCID: PMC10780122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An approach to the preparation of pullulan-graft-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)s based on Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition with polyoxazoline-azide was applied. All of the obtained polymers were characterized through classical molecular hydrodynamic methods and NMR. The formation of graft copolymers was accomplished by oxidative degradation of pullulan chains. Nevertheless, graft copolymers were obtained as uniform products with varied side chain lengths and degrees of substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M. Zorin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Petr A. Fetin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Nina G. Mikusheva
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (N.G.M.); (A.A.L.); (I.P.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.P.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Alexey A. Lezov
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (N.G.M.); (A.A.L.); (I.P.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.P.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Igor Perevyazko
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (N.G.M.); (A.A.L.); (I.P.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.P.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Alexander S. Gubarev
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (N.G.M.); (A.A.L.); (I.P.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.P.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Anna N. Podsevalnikova
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (N.G.M.); (A.A.L.); (I.P.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.P.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Sergey G. Polushin
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (N.G.M.); (A.A.L.); (I.P.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.P.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Nikolai V. Tsvetkov
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Polymer Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (N.G.M.); (A.A.L.); (I.P.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.P.); (S.G.P.)
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Fazal T, Murtaza BN, Shah M, Iqbal S, Rehman MU, Jaber F, Dera AA, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA. Recent developments in natural biopolymer based drug delivery systems. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23087-23121. [PMID: 37529365 PMCID: PMC10388836 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03369d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of drug molecules to diseased sites is a great challenge in pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. Fabrication of drug delivery systems (DDS) to target and/or diagnose sick cells is an effective means to achieve good therapeutic results along with a minimal toxicological impact on healthy cells. Biopolymers are becoming an important class of materials owing to their biodegradability, good compatibility, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, and long blood circulation time and high drug loading ratio for both macros as well as micro-sized drug molecules. This review summarizes the recent trends in biopolymer-based DDS, forecasting their broad future clinical applications. Cellulose chitosan, starch, silk fibroins, collagen, albumin, gelatin, alginate, agar, proteins and peptides have shown potential applications in DDS. A range of synthetic techniques have been reported to design the DDS and are discussed in the current study which is being successfully employed in ocular, dental, transdermal and intranasal delivery systems. Different formulations of DDS are also overviewed in this review article along with synthesis techniques employed for designing the DDS. The possibility of these biopolymer applications points to a new route for creating unique DDS with enhanced therapeutic qualities for scaling up creative formulations up to the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeela Fazal
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology Pakistan
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology Pakistan
| | - Mazloom Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Grand Asian University Sialkot Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST) H-12 Islamabad 46000 Pakistan
| | - Mujaddad-Ur Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology Pakistan
| | - Fadi Jaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ajman University Ajman UAE
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University Ajman UAE
| | - Ayed A Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser S Awwad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Ibrahium
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
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Alvandi H, Hatamian-Zarmi A, Webster TJ. Bioactivity and applications of mushroom and polysaccharide-derived nanotherapeutics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818627-5.00021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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Agrawal S, Budhwani D, Gurjar P, Telange D, Lambole V. Pullulan based derivatives: synthesis, enhanced physicochemical properties, and applications. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:3328-3339. [DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2144544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, India
| | - Divya Budhwani
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Mumbai, SVKM’S NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Pravina Gurjar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sharadchandra Pawar College of Pharmacy, Otur, Pune, India
| | - Darshan Telange
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, India
| | - Vijay Lambole
- Department of Pharmacology, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, India
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Li Z, Wang X, Zhang M, He H, Liang B, Sun C, Li X, Ji C. The Loading of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Bovine Serum Albumin and Pullulan-Based Nanoparticles as Effective Antioxidant. Foods 2022; 11:4074. [PMID: 36553816 PMCID: PMC9777656 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its poor stability and rapid metabolism, the biological activity and absorption of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is limited. In this work, EGCG-loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA)/pullulan (PUL) nanoparticles (BPENs) were successfully fabricated via self-assembly. This assembly was driven by hydrogen bonding, which provided the desired EGCG loading efficiency, high stability, and a strong antioxidant capacity. The encapsulation efficiency of the BPENs was above 99.0%. BPENs have high antioxidant activity in vitro, and, in this study, their antioxidant capacity increased with an increase in the EGCG concentration. The in vitro release assays showed that the BPENs were released continuously over 6 h. The Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) analysis indicated the presence of hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions, which were the driving forces for the formation of the EGCG carrier nanoparticles. Furthermore, the transmission electron microscope (TEM) images demonstrated that the BSA/PUL-based nanoparticles (BPNs) and BPENs both exhibited regular spherical particles. In conclusion, BPENs are good delivery carriers for enhancing the stability and antioxidant activity of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hongjun He
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Bin Liang
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Chanchan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiulian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Changjian Ji
- Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
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Tudu M, Samanta A. Natural polysaccharides: Chemical properties and application in pharmaceutical formulations. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Allyn MM, Luo RH, Hellwarth EB, Swindle-Reilly KE. Considerations for Polymers Used in Ocular Drug Delivery. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:787644. [PMID: 35155469 PMCID: PMC8831705 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.787644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related eye diseases are becoming more prevalent. A notable increase has been seen in the most common causes including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and cataract. Current clinical treatments vary from tissue replacement with polymers to topical eye drops and intravitreal injections. Research and development efforts have increased using polymers for sustained release to the eye to overcome treatment challenges, showing promise in improving drug release and delivery, patient experience, and treatment compliance. Polymers provide unique properties that allow for specific engineered devices to provide improved treatment options. Recent work has shown the utilization of synthetic and biopolymer derived biomaterials in various forms, with this review containing a focus on polymers Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for ocular use. METHODS This provides an overview of some prevalent synthetic polymers and biopolymers used in ocular delivery and their benefits, brief discussion of the various types and synthesis methods used, and administration techniques. Polymers approved by the FDA for different applications in the eye are listed and compared to new polymers being explored in the literature. This article summarizes research findings using polymers for ocular drug delivery from various stages: laboratory, preclinical studies, clinical trials, and currently approved. This review also focuses on some of the challenges to bringing these new innovations to the clinic, including limited selection of approved polymers. RESULTS Polymers help improve drug delivery by increasing solubility, controlling pharmacokinetics, and extending release. Several polymer classes including synthetic, biopolymer, and combinations were discussed along with the benefits and challenges of each class. The ways both polymer synthesis and processing techniques can influence drug release in the eye were discussed. CONCLUSION The use of biomaterials, specifically polymers, is a well-studied field for drug delivery, and polymers have been used as implants in the eye for over 75 years. Promising new ocular drug delivery systems are emerging using polymers an innovative option for treating ocular diseases because of their tunable properties. This review touches on important considerations and challenges of using polymers for sustained ocular drug delivery with the goal translating research to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Allyn
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Richard H. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Elle B. Hellwarth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Katelyn E. Swindle-Reilly
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Rai M, Wypij M, Ingle AP, Trzcińska-Wencel J, Golińska P. Emerging Trends in Pullulan-Based Antimicrobial Systems for Various Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13596. [PMID: 34948392 PMCID: PMC8704206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Global reports on multidrug resistance (MDR) and life-threatening pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 and Candida cruris have stimulated researchers to explore new antimicrobials that are eco-friendly and economically viable. In this context, biodegradable polymers such as nisin, chitin, and pullulan play an important role in solving the problem. Pullulan is an important edible, biocompatible, water-soluble polymer secreted by Aureobasidium pullulans that occurs ubiquitously. It consists of maltotriose units linked with α-1,6 glycosidic bonds and is classed as Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA. Pullulan is known for its antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antitumor activities when incorporated with other additives such as antibiotics, drugs, nanoparticles, and so on. Considering the importance of its antimicrobial activities, this polymer can be used as a potential antimicrobial agent against various pathogenic microorganisms including the multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Moreover, pullulan has ability to synthesize biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are remarkably efficacious against pathogenic microbes. The pullulan-based nanocomposites can be applied for wound healing, food packaging, and also enhancing the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables. In this review, we have discussed biosynthesis of pullulan and its role as antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal agent. Pullulan-based films impregnated with different antimicrobials such as AgNPs, chitosan, essential oils, and so on, forming nanocomposites have also been discussed as natural alternatives to combat the problems posed by pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 444602, Maharashtra, India
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (J.T.-W.)
| | - Magdalena Wypij
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (J.T.-W.)
| | - Avinash P. Ingle
- Biotechnology Centre, Department of Agricultural Botany, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola 444104, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Joanna Trzcińska-Wencel
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (J.T.-W.)
| | - Patrycja Golińska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (J.T.-W.)
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Hydrophobically Grafted Pullulan Nanocarriers for Percutaneous Delivery: Preparation and Preliminary In Vitro Characterisation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172852. [PMID: 34502895 PMCID: PMC8434112 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric colloidal nanocarriers formulated from hydrophobically grafted carbohydrates have been the subject of intensive research due to their potential to increase the percutaneous penetration of hydrophilic actives. To this goal, a series of hydrophobically grafted pullulan (BMO-PUL) derivatives with varying degree of grafting (5–64%) was prepared through functionalisation with 2-(butoxymethyl)oxirane. The results demonstrated that monodispersed BMO-PUL nanocarriers (size range 125–185 nm) could be easily prepared via nanoprecipitation; they exhibit close-to-spherical morphology and adequate stability at physiologically relevant pH. The critical micellar concentration of BMO-PUL was found to be inversely proportional to their molecular weight (Mw) and degree of grafting (DG), with values of 60 mg/L and 40 mg/L for DG of 12.6% and 33.8%, respectively. The polymeric nanocarriers were loaded with the low Mw hydrophilic active α-arbutin (16% loading), and the release of this active was studied at varying pH values (5 and 7), with a slightly faster release observed in acidic conditions; the release profiles can be best described by a first-order kinetic model. In vitro investigations of BMO-PUL nanocarriers (concentration range 0.1–4 mg/mL) using immortalised skin human keratinocytes cells (HaCaT) evidenced their lack of toxicity, with more than 85% cell viability after 24 h. A four-fold enhance in arbutin permeation through HaCaT monolayers was recorded when the active was encapsulated within the BMO-PUL nanocarriers. Altogether, the results obtained from the in vitro studies highlighted the potential of BMO-PUL nanocarriers for percutaneous delivery applications, which would warrant further investigation in vivo.
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Photopolymerizable pullulan: Synthesis, self-assembly and inkjet printing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 592:430-439. [PMID: 33706154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Pullulan, an exopolysaccharide consisting of maltotriose repeating units, has recently found many applications in different fields, such as food, packaging, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The introduction of photo-crosslinkable methacrylic units potentially allows to use pullulan derivative in inkjet 3D printing. EXPERIMENTS Pullulan was functionalized with methacrylic groups and the derivative was characterized by NMR, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. Water dispersions were thoroughly investigated by optical microscopy, SAXS and rheology to evaluate the self-assembly properties and they were used as photo-crosslinkable inks in a 3D printer, also in comparison with pristine pullulan. The structural and mechanical properties of the obtained films were studied by Atomic Force Microscopy and tensile strength tests. FINDINGS The introduction of methacrylic groups moderately affects the self-assembly of the polymer in water, resulting in a slight increase of the gyration radius of the polymer coils and in a small decrease of the viscosity, retaining the typical shear-thinning behavior of concentrated polysaccharides in water. The structural and mechanical properties of the 3D printed films are much more affected, showing the presence of sub-micrometric phase segregated domains which are further separated by the cross-linking. As a result, the deformability of the materials is improved, with a lower tensile strength.
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Raychaudhuri R, Naik S, Shreya AB, Kandpal N, Pandey A, Kalthur G, Mutalik S. Pullulan based stimuli responsive and sub cellular targeted nanoplatforms for biomedical application: Synthesis, nanoformulations and toxicological perspective. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1189-1205. [PMID: 32504712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
With growing interest in polymers of natural origin, innumerable polysaccharides have gained attention for their biomedical application. Pullulan, one of the FDA approved nutraceuticals, possesses multiple unique properties which make them highly advantageous for biomedical applications. This present review encompasses the sources, production, properties and applications of pullulan. It highlights various pullulan based stimuli-responsive systems (temperature, pH, ultrasound, magnetic), subcellular targeted systems (mitochondria, Golgi apparatus/endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, endosome), lipid-vesicular systems (solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposomes), polymeric nanofibres, micelles, inorganic (SPIONs, gold and silver nanoparticles), carbon-based nanoplatforms (carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, nanodiamonds) and quantum dots. This article also gives insight into different biomedical, therapeutic and diagnostic applications of pullulan viz., imaging, tumor targeting, stem cell therapy, gene therapy, vaccine delivery, cosmetic applications, protein delivery, tissue engineering, photodynamic therapy and chaperone-like activities. The review also includes the toxicological profile of pullulan which is helpful for the development of suitable delivery systems for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Raychaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Santoshi Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Ajjappla B Shreya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Neha Kandpal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India.
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Tiwari S, Patil R, Dubey SK, Bahadur P. Derivatization approaches and applications of pullulan. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 269:296-308. [PMID: 31128461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pullulan (PUL), a linear exo-polysaccharide, is useful in industries as diverse as food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. PUL presents many favorable characteristics, such as renewable origin, biocompatibility, stability, hydrophilic nature, and availability of reactive sites for chemical modification. With an inherent affinity to asialoglycoprotein receptors, PUL can be used for targeted drug delivery to the liver. Besides, these primary properties have been combined with modern synthetic approaches for developing multifunctional biomaterials. This is evident from numerous studies on approaches, such as hydrophobic modification, cross-linking, grafting and transformation as a polyelectrolyte. In this review, we have discussed up-to-date advances on chemical modifications and emerging applications of PUL in targeted theranostics and tissue engineering. Besides, we offer an overview of its applications in food, cosmetics and environment remediation.
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Natural biodegradable polymers based nano-formulations for drug delivery: A review. Int J Pharm 2019; 561:244-264. [PMID: 30851391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines are now considered as the new-generation medication in the current era mainly because of their features related to nano size. The efficacy of many drugs in their micro/macro formulations is shown to have poor bioavailability and pharmacokinetics after oral administration. To overcome this predicament, use of natural/synthetic biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have gained prominence in the field of nanomedicine for targeted drug delivery to improve biocompatibility, bioavailability, safety, enhanced permeability, better retention time and lower toxicity. For drug delivery, it is essential to have biodegradable nanoparticle formulations for safe and efficient transport and release of drug at the intended site. Moreover, depending on the target organ, a suitable biodegradable polymer can be selected as the drug-carrier for target specific as well as for sustained drug delivery. The aim of this review is to present the current status and scope of natural biodegradable polymers as well as some emerging polymers with special characteristics as suitable carriers for drug delivery applications. The most widely preferred preparation methods are discussed along with their characterization using different analytical techniques. Further, the review highlights significant features of methods developed using natural polymers for drug entrapment and release studies.
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Barcelos MCS, Vespermann KAC, Pelissari FM, Molina G. Current status of biotechnological production and applications of microbial exopolysaccharides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1475-1495. [PMID: 30740985 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1575791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are an abundant and important group of compounds that can be secreted by bacteria, fungi and algae. The biotechnological production of these substances represents a faster alternative when compared to chemical and plant-derived production with the possibility of using industrial wastes as substrates, a feasible strategy after a comprehensive study of factors that may affect the synthesis by the chosen microorganism and desirable final product. Another possible difficulty could be the extraction and purification methods, a crucial part of the production of microbial polysaccharides, since different methods should be adopted. In this sense, this review aims to present the biotechnological production of microbial exopolysaccharides, exploring the production steps, optimization processes and current applications of these relevant bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara C S Barcelos
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kele A C Vespermann
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Franciele M Pelissari
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Molina
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Zeng K, Groth T, Zhang K. Recent Advances in Artificially Sulfated Polysaccharides for Applications in Cell Growth and Differentiation, Drug Delivery, and Tissue Engineering. Chembiochem 2018; 20:737-746. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zeng
- Wood Technology and Wood ChemistryGeorg-August-University of Goettingen Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Biomedical Materials GroupMartin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Kai Zhang
- Wood Technology and Wood ChemistryGeorg-August-University of Goettingen Büsgenweg 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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Abstract
Glycans have been selected by nature for both structural and 'recognition' purposes. Taking inspiration from nature, nanomedicine exploits glycans not only as structural constituents of nanoparticles and nanostructured biomaterials but also as selective interactors of such glyco-nanotools. Surface glycosylation of nanoparticles finds application in targeting specific cells, whereas recent findings give evidence that the glycan content of cell microenvironment is able to induce the cell fate. This review will highlight the role of glycans in nanomedicine, schematizing the different uses and roles in drug-delivery systems and in biomaterials for regenerative medicine.
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Tabasum S, Noreen A, Maqsood MF, Umar H, Akram N, Nazli ZIH, Chatha SAS, Zia KM. A review on versatile applications of blends and composites of pullulan with natural and synthetic polymers. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:603-632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abedini F, Ebrahimi M, Roozbehani AH, Domb AJ, Hosseinkhani H. Overview on natural hydrophilic polysaccharide polymers in drug delivery. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abedini
- Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization; Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute; Hesarak Karaj Alborz Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahimi
- Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization; Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute; Hesarak Karaj Alborz Iran
| | | | - Abraham J. Domb
- School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Drug Research, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Alex Grass Center for drug Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 91120 Israel
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Braz L, Grenha A, Corvo MC, Lourenço JP, Ferreira D, Sarmento B, Rosa da Costa AM. Synthesis and characterization of Locust Bean Gum derivatives and their application in the production of nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:974-985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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20
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Addition of Pullulan to Trehalose Glasses Improves the Stability of β-Galactosidase at High Moisture Conditions. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 176:374-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Novel Pemulen/Pullulan blended hydrogel containing clotrimazole-loaded cationic nanocapsules: Evaluation of mucoadhesion and vaginal permeation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Biocompatibility of hydrogel-based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:530-544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Singh RS, Kaur N, Rana V, Kennedy JF. Pullulan: A novel molecule for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 171:102-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Pawar VK, Singh Y, Sharma K, Shrivastav A, Sharma A, Singh A, Meher JG, Singh P, Raval K, Bora HK, Datta D, Lal J, Chourasia MK. Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Loaded Zymosan-Polyethylenimine Biopolymeric Nanoparticles for Dual 'Chemoimmunotherapeutic' Intervention in Breast Cancer. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1857-1871. [PMID: 28608139 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To utilize nanoparticles produced by condensation of zymosan (an immunotherapeutic polysaccharide) with pegylated polyethylenimine (PEG-PEI) for dual intervention in breast cancer by modulating tumor microenvironment and direct chemotherapy. METHOD Positively charged PEG-PEI and negatively charged sulphated zymosan were utilized for electrostatic complexation of chemoimmunotherapeutic nanoparticles (ChiNPs). ChiNPs were loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) for improved delivery at tumor site and were tested for in-vivo tolerability. Biodistribution studies were conducted to showcase their effective accumulation in tumor hypoxic regions where tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are preferentially recruited. RESULTS ChiNPs modulated TAMs differentiation resulting in decrement of CD206 positive population. This immunotherapeutic action was furnished by enhanced expression of Th1 specific cytokines. ChiNPs also facilitated an anti-angiogenetic effect which further reduces the possibility of tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Pawar
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research,, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Yuvraj Singh
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research,, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Komal Sharma
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research,, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Arpita Shrivastav
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226031, India
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research,, New Delhi, 110025, India.,Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226031, India
| | - Akhilesh Singh
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226031, India
| | - Jaya Gopal Meher
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226031, India
| | - Pankaj Singh
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research,, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Kavit Raval
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research,, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Himangshu K Bora
- Laboratory Animals Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226031, India
| | - Dipak Datta
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226031, India
| | - Jawahar Lal
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226031, India
| | - Manish K Chourasia
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P, 226031, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research,, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Jampala P, Preethi M, Ramanujam S, Harish B, Uppuluri KB, Anbazhagan V. Immobilization of levan-xylanase nanohybrid on an alginate bead improves xylanase stability at wide pH and temperature. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:843-849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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An innovative polysaccharide nanobased nail formulation for improvement of onychomycosis treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 100:56-63. [PMID: 28063967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tioconazole-loaded nanocapsule suspensions and its coating with a cationic polymer were developed for nail drug delivery. The colloidal systems presented a nanometric size around 155nm for uncoated nanoparticles and 162nm for those with the cationic coating, with negative and positive zeta potential values, respectively. Both nanosuspensions showed drug content close to theoretical values (1mgmL-1), association efficiency close to 100% (HPLC) and were able to control tioconazol release. The developed formulations showed in vitro antifungal activity (agar diffusion method) against C. albicans. The cationic nanocapsules were considered bioadhesive, showed higher viscosity and were chosen to be incorporated into an ungueal formulation. Pullulan nanobased nail formulation showed adequate viscosity for nail application and drug content close to the theoretical values. It was equivalent to the commercial formulation Trosid® in preventing nail infection by T. rubrum in an in vitro onychomycosis model. The nanocapsule suspensions and Pullulan nanobased nail formulation showed lower irritant potential than the commercial formulation and than free drug in an in vitro evaluation. Pullulan nanobased nail formulation is promising for the treatment of onychomycosis.
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Braz L, Grenha A, Ferreira D, Rosa da Costa AM, Gamazo C, Sarmento B. Chitosan/sulfated locust bean gum nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo evaluation towards an application in oral immunization. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 96:786-797. [PMID: 28049014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes the design of nanoparticles based on locus bean gum (LBG) and chitosan to be used as oral immunoadjuvant for vaccination purposes. LBG-based nanoparticles were prepared by mild polyelectrolyte complexation between chitosan (CS) and a synthesized LBG sulfate derivative (LBGS). Morphological characterization suggested that nanoparticles present a solid and compact structure with spherical-like shape. Sizes around 180-200nm and a positive surface charge between +9mV and +14mV were obtained. CS/LBGS nanoparticles did not affect cell viability of Caco-2 cells after 3h and 24h of exposure when tested at concentrations up to 1.0mg/mL. Two model antigens (a particulate acellular extract HE of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, and ovalbumin as soluble antigen) were associated to CS/LBGS nanoparticles with efficiencies around 26% for ovalbumin and 32% for HE, which resulted in loading capacities up to 12%. The process did not affect the antigenicity of the associated antigens. BALB/c mice were orally immunized with ovalbumin-loaded nanoparticles (100μg), and results indicate an adjuvant effect of the CS/LBGS nanoparticles, eliciting a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response. Thus, CS/LBGS nanoparticles are promising as antigen mucosal delivery strategy, with particular interest for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Braz
- CIQA-Centre of Research in Chemistry of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; School of Health-University of Algarve, Avenida Dr. Adelino da Palma Carlos, 8000-510 Faro, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CBMR-Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Grenha
- CBMR-Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; CCMAR-Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Domingos Ferreira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M Rosa da Costa
- CIQA-Centre of Research in Chemistry of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gamazo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Biocarrier Group, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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Askarian S, Abnous K, Ayatollahi S, Farzad SA, Oskuee RK, Ramezani M. PAMAM-pullulan conjugates as targeted gene carriers for liver cell. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 157:929-937. [PMID: 27988010 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeted nano-carriers are highly needed to promote nucleic acid delivery into the specific cell for therapeutic approaches. Pullulan as a linear carbohydrate has an intrinsic liver targeting property interacting with asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) found on liver cells. In the present study, we developed polyamidoamine (PAMAM)-pullulan conjugates and investigated their targeting activity in delivering gene into liver cells. The particle size, zeta potential, buffering capacity and ethidium bromide exclusion assays of the conjugates were evaluated. The cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of new derivatives were assessed following in vitro transfection of HepG2 (receptor positive) and N2A (receptor negative) cell lines. Size of conjugated polymers ranged between 118 and 184 nanometers and their cytotoxicity were similar to PAMAM. Among six produced nanocarriers, G4PU4 and G5PU4 enhanced transfection efficiency in HepG2 cells compared to unmodified PAMAM. Therefore, the PAMAM-pullulan derivatives seem to improve delivery of nucleic acids into the liver cells expressing asialoglycoprotein receptor with minimal transfection in non-targeted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Askarian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sara Ayatollahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sara Amel Farzad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Di Martino A, Pavelkova A, Maciulyte S, Budriene S, Sedlarik V. Polysaccharide-based nanocomplexes for co-encapsulation and controlled release of 5-Fluorouracil and Temozolomide. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 92:276-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Chen L, Liu X, Wong KH. Novel nanoparticle materials for drug/food delivery-polysaccharides. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2016-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Dionísio M, Braz L, Corvo M, Lourenço J, Grenha A, Rosa da Costa A. Charged pullulan derivatives for the development of nanocarriers by polyelectrolyte complexation. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:129-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Cunha L, Grenha A. Sulfated Seaweed Polysaccharides as Multifunctional Materials in Drug Delivery Applications. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E42. [PMID: 26927134 PMCID: PMC4820297 DOI: 10.3390/md14030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the discovery of metabolites from marine resources showing biological activity has increased significantly. Among marine resources, seaweed is a valuable source of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. The cell walls of marine algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, including carrageenan in red algae, ulvan in green algae and fucoidan in brown algae. Sulfated polysaccharides have been increasingly studied over the years in the pharmaceutical field, given their potential usefulness in applications such as the design of drug delivery systems. The purpose of this review is to discuss potential applications of these polymers in drug delivery systems, with a focus on carrageenan, ulvan and fucoidan. General information regarding structure, extraction process and physicochemical properties is presented, along with a brief reference to reported biological activities. For each material, specific applications under the scope of drug delivery are described, addressing in privileged manner particulate carriers, as well as hydrogels and beads. A final section approaches the application of sulfated polysaccharides in targeted drug delivery, focusing with particular interest the capacity for macrophage targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmylla Cunha
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Grenha
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Fonte P, Reis S, Sarmento B. Facts and evidences on the lyophilization of polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery. J Control Release 2016; 225:75-86. [PMID: 26805517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lyophilization has been used to improve the long-term stability of polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery applications, avoiding their instability in suspension. However, this dehydration process may induce stresses to nanoparticles, mitigated by the use of some excipients such as cryo- and lyoprotectants. Still, the lyophilization of polymeric nanoparticles is frequently based in empirical principles, without considering the physical-chemical properties of formulations and the engineering principles of lyophilization. Therefore, the optimization of formulations and the lyophilization cycle is crucial to obtain a good lyophilizate, and guarantee the preservation of nanoparticle stability. The proper characterization of the lyophilizate and nanoparticles has a great importance in achieving these purposes. This review updates the fundaments involved in the optimization procedures for lyophilization of polymeric nanoparticles, with the aim of obtaining the maximum stability of formulations. Different characterization methods to obtain and guarantee a good lyophilized product are also discussed. A special focus is given to encapsulated therapeutic proteins. Overall, this review is a contribution for the understanding of the parameters involved in the lyophilization of polymeric nanoparticles. This may definitely help future works to obtain lyophilized nanoparticles with good quality and with improved therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fonte
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences - Applied Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-113 Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde and Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra-Prd, Portugal.
| | - Salette Reis
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences - Applied Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-113 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde and Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra-Prd, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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Alhaique F, Matricardi P, Di Meo C, Coviello T, Montanari E. Polysaccharide-based self-assembling nanohydrogels: An overview on 25-years research on pullulan. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
During the last decades increasing attention has been paid to peptides as potential therapeutics. However, clinical applications of peptide drugs suffer from susceptibility to degradation, rather short circulation half-life, limited ability to cross physiological barriers and potential immunogenicity. These challenges can be addressed by using polymeric materials as peptide delivery systems, owing to their versatile structures and properties. A number of polymer-based vehicles have been developed to stabilize the peptides and to control their release rates. Unfortunately, no single polymer or formulation strategy has been considered ideal for all types of peptide drugs. In this review, currently used and potential polymer-based systems for the peptide delivery will be discussed.
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André EM, Pensado A, Resnier P, Braz L, Rosa da Costa AM, Passirani C, Sanchez A, Montero-Menei CN. Characterization and comparison of two novel nanosystems associated with siRNA for cellular therapy. Int J Pharm 2015; 497:255-67. [PMID: 26617318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To direct stem cell fate, a delicate control of gene expression through small interference RNA (siRNA) is emerging as a new and safe promising strategy. In this way, the expression of proteins hindering neuronal commitment may be transiently inhibited thus driving differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which secrete tissue repair factors, possess immunomodulatory properties and may differentiate towards the neuronal lineage, are a promising cell source for cell therapy studies in the central nervous system. To better drive their neuronal commitment the repressor Element-1 silencing transcription (REST) factor, may be inhibited by siRNA technology. The design of novel nanoparticles (NP) capable of safely delivering nucleic acids is crucial in order to successfully develop this strategy. In this study we developed and characterized two different siRNA NP. On one hand, sorbitan monooleate (Span(®)80) based NP incorporating the cationic components poly-l-arginine or cationized pullulan, thus allowing the association of siRNA were designed. These NP presented a small size (205 nm) and a negative surface charge (-38 mV). On the other hand, lipid nanocapsules (LNC) associating polymers with lipids and allowing encapsulation of siRNA complexed with lipoplexes were also developed. Their size was of 82 nm with a positive surface charge of +7 mV. Both NP could be frozen with appropriate cryoprotectors. Cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency at different siRNA doses were monitored by evaluating REST expression. An inhibition of around 60% of REST expression was observed with both NP when associating 250 ng/mL of siRNA-REST, as recommended for commercial reagents. Span NP were less toxic for human MSCs than LNCs, but although both NP showed a similar inhibition of REST over time and the induction of neuronal commitment, LNC-siREST induced a higher expression of neuronal markers. Therefore, two different tailored siRNA NP offering great potential for human stem cell differentiation have been developed, encouraging the pursuit of further in vitro and in vivo in studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M André
- PRES LUNAM-University of Angers, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, 4 rue larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - A Pensado
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P Resnier
- PRES LUNAM-University of Angers, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, 4 rue larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - L Braz
- CIQA-Algarve Chemistry Research Centre, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; School of Health-University of Algarve, 8000-510 Faro, Portugal; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - A M Rosa da Costa
- CIQA-Algarve Chemistry Research Centre, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - C Passirani
- PRES LUNAM-University of Angers, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, 4 rue larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - A Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Molecular Image Group. Health Research Institute-University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), A Choupana, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C N Montero-Menei
- PRES LUNAM-University of Angers, F-49933 Angers, France; INSERM U1066-Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, 4 rue larrey, F-49933 Angers, France.
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Biocompatibility and Stability of Polysaccharide Polyelectrolyte Complexes Aimed at Respiratory Delivery. MATERIALS 2015; 8:5647-5670. [PMID: 28793528 PMCID: PMC5512620 DOI: 10.3390/ma8095268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) and chondroitin sulfate (CHS) are natural polymers with demonstrated applicability in drug delivery, while nanoparticles are one of the most explored carriers for transmucosal delivery of biopharmaceuticals. In this work we have prepared CS/CHS nanoparticles and associated for the first time the therapeutic protein insulin. Fluorescein isothiocyanate bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) was also used to enable comparison of behaviors regarding differences in molecular weight (5.7 kDa versus 67 kDa). Nanoparticles of approximately 200 nm and positive zeta potential around +20 mV were obtained. These parameters remained stable for up to 1 month at 4 °C. Proteins were associated with efficiencies of more than 50%. The release of FITC-BSA in PBS pH 7.4 was more sustained (50% in 24 h) than that of insulin (85% in 24 h). The biocompatibility of nanoparticles was tested in Calu-3 and A549 cells by means of three different assays. The metabolic assay MTT, the determination of lactate dehydrogenase release, and the quantification of the inflammatory response generated by cell exposure to nanoparticles have indicated an absence of overt toxicity. Overall, the results suggest good indications on the application of CS/CHS nanoparticles in respiratory transmucosal protein delivery, but the set of assays should be widened to clarify obtained results.
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Salatin S, Maleki Dizaj S, Yari Khosroushahi A. Effect of the surface modification, size, and shape on cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:881-90. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salatin
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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dos Santos MA, Grenha A. Polysaccharide nanoparticles for protein and Peptide delivery: exploring less-known materials. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 98:223-61. [PMID: 25819281 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Finding adequate carriers for protein and peptide delivery has become an urgent need, owing to the growing number of macromolecules identified as having therapeutic potential. Nanoparticles have emerged in the field as very promising vehicles and much work has been directed to testing the capacity of different materials to compose the matrix of these carriers. Natural materials and, specifically, polysaccharides have been taking the forefront of the challenge, because of several favoring properties that include the higher propensity to exhibit biodegradability and biocompatibility, and also the high structural flexibility. The majority of works found in the literature regarding polysaccharide nanoparticles uses very popular materials like chitosan or hyaluronic acid. This review is aimed at describing and exploring the potential of polysaccharides that are not so well known or that are less explored. For those, the main properties will be described, together with an overview of the reported applications as nanoparticle matrix materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlise A dos Santos
- Joan-Vernikos Aerospace Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Microgravity Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Grenha
- CBME-Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine/IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
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Rodrigues S, Cordeiro C, Seijo B, Remuñán-López C, Grenha A. Hybrid nanosystems based on natural polymers as protein carriers for respiratory delivery: Stability and toxicological evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 123:369-80. [PMID: 25843870 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan/carrageenan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles were previously presented as holding potential for an application in transmucosal delivery of macromolecules, with tripolyphosphate demonstrating to contribute for both size reduction and stabilisation of the nanoparticles. This work was aimed at evaluating the capacity of the nanoparticles as protein carriers for pulmonary and nasal transmucosal delivery, further assessing their biocompatibility pattern regarding that application. Nanoparticles demonstrated stability in presence of lysozyme, while freeze-drying was shown to preserve their characteristics when glucose or sucrose were used as cryoprotectants. Bovine serum albumin was associated to the nanoparticles, which were successfully microencapsulated by spray-drying to meet the aerodynamic requirements inherent to pulmonary delivery. Finally, a satisfactory biocompatibility profile was demonstrated upon exposure of two respiratory cell lines (Calu-3 and A549 cells) to the carriers. A negligible effect on cell viability along with no alterations on transepithelial electrical resistance and no induction of inflammatory response were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodrigues
- CBME - Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine/IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Clara Cordeiro
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; CEAUL - Center of Statistics and Applications, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; CESUAlg - Centre for Research and Development in Health, University of Algarve, Portugal.
| | - Begoña Seijo
- NanoBioFar Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Carmen Remuñán-López
- NanoBioFar Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ana Grenha
- CBME - Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine/IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Srivastava A, Gowda DV, Madhunapantula SV, Shinde CG, Iyer M. Mucosal vaccines: a paradigm shift in the development of mucosal adjuvants and delivery vehicles. APMIS 2015; 123:275-88. [PMID: 25630573 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal immune responses are the first-line defensive mechanisms against a variety of infections. Therefore, immunizations of mucosal surfaces from which majority of infectious agents make their entry, helps to protect the body against infections. Hence, vaccinization of mucosal surfaces by using mucosal vaccines provides the basis for generating protective immunity both in the mucosal and systemic immune compartments. Mucosal vaccines offer several advantages over parenteral immunization. For example, (i) ease of administration; (ii) non-invasiveness; (iii) high-patient compliance; and (iv) suitability for mass vaccination. Despite these benefits, to date, only very few mucosal vaccines have been developed using whole microorganisms and approved for use in humans. This is due to various challenges associated with the development of an effective mucosal vaccine that can work against a variety of infections, and various problems concerned with the safe delivery of developed vaccine. For instance, protein antigen alone is not just sufficient enough for the optimal delivery of antigen(s) mucosally. Hence, efforts have been made to develop better prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines for improved mucosal Th1 and Th2 immune responses using an efficient and safe immunostimulatory molecule and novel delivery carriers. Therefore, in this review, we have made an attempt to cover the recent advancements in the development of adjuvants and delivery carriers for safe and effective mucosal vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Mysore, India
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Tu G, Wang Y, Ji Y, Zou X. The effect of Tween 80 on the polymalic acid and pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans CCTCC M2012223. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 31:219-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Design and processing of nanogels as delivery systems for peptides and proteins. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:691-708. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanogels, cross-linked networks of >1 μm in size, are attractive drug-delivery systems, as they not only possess the potential advantages of nanoscale formulations, but also the attractive abilities of a hydrogel; high hydrophilicity, high loading capacity and the potential for biocompatibility and controlled release. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the recent developments within the nanogel field, and how the chemical design of the nanogel polymer has been found to influence the properties of the nanogel system. Novel nanogel systems are discussed with respect to their type of cross-linkage and their suitability as therapeutic delivery systems, as well as their ability to stabilize the protein/peptide drug.
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Sugumaran K, Shobana P, Mohan Balaji P, Ponnusami V, Gowdhaman D. Statistical optimization of pullulan production from Asian palm kernel and evaluation of its properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 66:229-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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Wang Y, Wang J, Xu H, Ge L, Zhu J. Investigation of dual-sensitive nanogels based on chitosan andN-isopropylacrylamide and its intelligent drug delivery of 10-hydroxycamptothecine. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:803-13. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.883219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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46
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Pullulan-based nanoparticles: future therapeutic applications in transmucosal protein delivery. Ther Deliv 2013; 4:1339-41. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.13.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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47
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Polysaccharide-based micelles for drug delivery. Pharmaceutics 2013; 5:329-52. [PMID: 24300453 PMCID: PMC3834947 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of hydrophobic molecules and proteins has been an issue due to poor bioavailability following administration. Thus, micelle carrier systems are being investigated to improve drug solubility and stability. Due to problems with toxicity and immunogenicity, natural polysaccharides are being explored as substitutes for synthetic polymers in the development of new micelle systems. By grafting hydrophobic moieties to the polysaccharide backbone, self-assembled micelles can be readily formed in aqueous solution. Many polysaccharides also possess inherent bioactivity that can facilitate mucoadhesion, enhanced targeting of specific tissues, and a reduction in the inflammatory response. Furthermore, the hydrophilic nature of some polysaccharides can be exploited to enhance circulatory stability. This review will highlight the advantages of polysaccharide use in the development of drug delivery systems and will provide an overview of the polysaccharide-based micelles that have been developed to date.
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