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Jangid AK, Noh KM, Kim S, Kim K. Engineered inulin-based hybrid biomaterials for augmented immunomodulatory responses. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 340:122311. [PMID: 38858027 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Modified biopolymers that are based on prebiotics have been found to significantly contribute to immunomodulatory events. In recent years, there has been a growing use of modified biomaterials and polymer-functionalized nanomaterials in the treatment of various tumors by activating immune cells. However, the effectiveness of immune cells against tumors is hindered by several biological barriers, which highlights the importance of harnessing prebiotic-based biopolymers to enhance host defenses against cancer, thus advancing cancer prevention strategies. Inulin, in particular, plays a crucial role in activating immune cells and promoting the secretion of cytokines. Therefore, this mini-review aims to emphasize the importance of inulin in immunomodulatory responses, the development of inulin-based hybrid biopolymers, and the role of inulin in enhancing immunity and modifying cell surfaces. Furthermore, we discuss the various approaches of chemical modification for inulin and their potential use in cancer treatment, particularly in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Jangid
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mu Noh
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Gong T, Liu X, Wang X, Lu Y, Wang X. Applications of polysaccharides in enzyme-triggered oral colon-specific drug delivery systems: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133623. [PMID: 38969037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme-triggered oral colon-specific drug delivery system (EtOCDDS1) can withstand the harsh stomach and small intestine environments, releasing encapsulated drugs selectively in the colon in response to colonic microflora, exerting local or systematic therapeutic effects. EtOCDDS boasts high colon targetability, enhanced drug bioavailability, and reduced systemic side effects. Polysaccharides are extensively used in enzyme-triggered oral colon-specific drug delivery systems, and its colon targetability has been widely confirmed, as their properties meet the demand of EtOCDDS. Polysaccharides, known for their high safety and excellent biocompatibility, feature modifiable structures. Some remain undigested in the stomach and small intestine, whether in their natural state or after modifications, and are exclusively broken down by colon-resident microbiota. Such characteristics make them ideal materials for EtOCDDS. This article reviews the design principles of EtOCDDS as well as commonly used polysaccharides and their characteristics, modifications, applications and specific mechanism for colon targeting. The article concludes by summarizing the limitations and potential of ETOCDDS to stimulate the development of innovative design approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yunqian Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, No.151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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3
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Moazzam M, Zhang M, Hussain A, Yu X, Huang J, Huang Y. The landscape of nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery and therapeutic development. Mol Ther 2024; 32:284-312. [PMID: 38204162 PMCID: PMC10861989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Five small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutics have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), namely patisiran, givosiran, lumasiran, inclisiran, and vutrisiran. Besides, siRNA delivery to the target site without toxicity is a big challenge for researchers, and naked-siRNA delivery possesses several challenges, including membrane impermeability, enzymatic degradation, mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) entrapment, fast renal excretion, endosomal escape, and off-target effects. The siRNA therapeutics can silence any disease-specific gene, but their intracellular and extracellular barriers limit their clinical applications. For this purpose, several modifications have been employed to siRNA for better transfection efficiency. Still, there is a quest for better delivery systems for siRNA delivery to the target site. In recent years, nanoparticles have shown promising results in siRNA delivery with minimum toxicity and off-target effects. Patisiran is a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based siRNA formulation for treating hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis that ultimately warrants the use of nanoparticles from different classes, especially lipid-based nanoparticles. These nanoparticles may belong to different categories, including lipid-based, polymer-based, and inorganic nanoparticles. This review briefly discusses the lipid, polymer, and inorganic nanoparticles and their sub-types for siRNA delivery. Finally, several clinical trials related to siRNA therapeutics are addressed, followed by the future prospects and conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Moazzam
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Abid Hussain
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Rigerna Therapeutics Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215127, China.
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4
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Akram W, Pandey V, Sharma R, Joshi R, Mishra N, Garud N, Haider T. Inulin: Unveiling its potential as a multifaceted biopolymer in prebiotics, drug delivery, and therapeutics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129131. [PMID: 38181920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, inulin has gained much attention as a promising multifunctional natural biopolymer with numerous applications in drug delivery, prebiotics, and therapeutics. It reveals a multifaceted biopolymer with transformative implications by elucidating the intricate interplay between inulin and the host, microbiome, and therapeutic agents. Their flexible structure, exceptional targetability, biocompatibility, inherent ability to control release behavior, tunable degradation kinetics, and protective ability make them outstanding carriers in healthcare and biomedicine. USFDA has approved Inulin as a nutritional dietary supplement for infants. The possible applications of inulin in biomedicine research inspired by nature are presented. The therapeutic potential of inulin goes beyond its role in prebiotics and drug delivery. Recently, significant research efforts have been made towards inulin's anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties for their potential applications in treating various chronic diseases. Moreover, its ability to reduce inflammation and modulate immune responses opens new avenues for treating conditions such as autoimmune disorders and gastrointestinal ailments. This review will attempt to illustrate the inulin's numerous and interconnected roles, shedding light on its critical contributions to the advancement of healthcare and biomedicine and its recent advancement in therapeutics, and conclude by taking valuable insights into the prospects and opportunities of inulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Akram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 4774005, India
| | - Vikas Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 4774005, India
| | - Rajeev Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 4774005, India
| | - Ramakant Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ShriRam college of Pharmacy, Banmore 476444, India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 4774005, India
| | - Navneet Garud
- School of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
| | - Tanweer Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 4774005, India.
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Molinar C, Tannous M, Meloni D, Cavalli R, Scomparin A. Current Status and Trends in Nucleic Acids for Cancer Therapy: A Focus on Polysaccharide-Based Nanomedicines. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300102. [PMID: 37212473 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The efficacious delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to cancer still remains an open issue. Through the years, several strategies are developed for the encapsulation of genetic molecules exploiting different materials, such as viral vectors, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). Indeed, the rapid approval by regulatory authorities and the wide use of LNPs complexing the mRNA coding for the spark protein for COVID-19 vaccination paved the way for the initiation of several clinical trials exploiting lipid nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, polymers still represent a valuable alternative to lipid-based formulations, due to the low cost and the chemical flexibility that allows for the conjugation of targeting ligands. This review will analyze the status of the ongoing clinical trials for cancer therapy, including vaccination and immunotherapy approaches, exploiting polymeric materials. Among those nanosized carriers, sugar-based backbones are an interesting category. A cyclodextrin-based carrier (CALAA-01) is the first polymeric material to enter a clinical trial complexed with siRNA for cancer therapy, and chitosan is one of the most characterized non-viral vectors able to complex genetic material. Finally, the recent advances in the use of sugar-based polymers (oligo- and polysaccharides) for the complexation of nucleic acids in advanced preclinical stage will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Molinar
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Maria Tannous
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Torino, 10125, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Domitilla Meloni
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Anna Scomparin
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Torino, 10125, Italy
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Synthesis of Cationic Quaternized Nanolevan Derivative for Small Molecule and Nucleic Acid Delivery. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030188. [PMID: 36975637 PMCID: PMC10048328 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Levan is a biopolymer composed of fructose chains covalently linked by β−2,6 glycosidic linkages. This polymer self−assembles into a nanoparticle of uniform size, making it useful for a wide range of applications. Also, levan exhibits various biological activities such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor, that make this polymer very attractive for biomedical application. In this study, levan synthesized from Erwinia tasmaniensis was chemically modified by glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) to produce cationized nanolevan (QA-levan). The structure of the obtained GTMAC−modified levan was determined by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and elemental (CHN) analyzer. The size of the nanoparticle was calculated using the dynamic light scattering method (DLS). The formation of DNA/QA-levan polyplex was then investigated by gel electrophoresis. The modified levan was able to increase the solubility of quercetin and curcumin by 11-folds and 205-folds, respectively, compared to free compounds. Cytotoxicity of levan and QA−levan was also investigated in HEK293 cells. This finding suggests that GTMAC−modified levan should have a potential application for drug and nucleic acid delivery.
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Rajeev A, Siby A, Koottungal MJ, George J, John F. Knocking Down Barriers: Advances in siRNA Delivery. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjaly Rajeev
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry Sacred Heart College (Autonomous) Kochi Kerala India- 682013
| | - Aiswarya Siby
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry Sacred Heart College (Autonomous) Kochi Kerala India- 682013
| | - Merin James Koottungal
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry Sacred Heart College (Autonomous) Kochi Kerala India- 682013
| | - Jinu George
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry Sacred Heart College (Autonomous) Kochi Kerala India- 682013
| | - Franklin John
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry Sacred Heart College (Autonomous) Kochi Kerala India- 682013
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Afinjuomo F, Abdella S, Youssef SH, Song Y, Garg S. Inulin and Its Application in Drug Delivery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090855. [PMID: 34577554 PMCID: PMC8468356 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inulin’s unique and flexible structure, stabilization/protective effects, and organ targeting ability make it an excellent drug delivery carrier compared to other biodegradable polysaccharides. The three hydroxyl groups attached to each fructose unit serve as an anchor for chemical modification. This, in turn, helps in increasing bioavailability, improving cellular uptake, and achieving targeted, sustained, and controlled release of drugs and biomolecules. This review focuses on the various types of inulin drug delivery systems such as hydrogel, conjugates, nanoparticles, microparticles, micelles, liposomes, complexes, prodrugs, and solid dispersion. The preparation and applications of the different inulin drug delivery systems are further discussed. This work highlights the fact that modification of inulin allows the use of this polymer as multifunctional scaffolds for different drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sanjay Garg
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-88-302-1575; Fax: +61-88-302-2389
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Perrone F, Craparo EF, Cemazar M, Kamensek U, Drago SE, Dapas B, Scaggiante B, Zanconati F, Bonazza D, Grassi M, Truong N, Pozzato G, Farra R, Cavallaro G, Grassi G. Targeted delivery of siRNAs against hepatocellular carcinoma-related genes by a galactosylated polyaspartamide copolymer. J Control Release 2021; 330:1132-1151. [PMID: 33212117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the lack of effective treatments for Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the development of novel therapeutic approaches is very urgent. Here, siRNAs were delivered to HCC cells by a synthetic polymer containing α,β-poly-(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-D,L-aspartamide-(PHEA) derivatized with diethylene triamine (DETA) and bearing in the side chain galactose (GAL) linked via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) to obtain (PHEA-DETA-PEG-GAL, PDPG). The GAL residue allows the targeting to the asialo-glycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), overexpressed in HCC cells compared to normal hepatocytes. Uptake studies performed using a model siRNA or a siRNA targeted against the enhanced green fluorescence protein, demonstrated the PDPG specific delivery of siRNA to HuH7 cells, a human cellular model of HCC. GAL-free copolymer (PHEA-DETA-PEG-NH2, PDP) or the chemical block of ASGPR, impaired PDPG targeting effectiveness in vitro. The specificity of PDPG delivery was confirmed in vivo in a mouse dorsal skinfold window chamber assay. Functional studies using siRNAs targeting the mRNAs of HCC-related genes (eEF1A1, eEF1A2 and E2F1) delivered by PDPG, significantly decreased HuH7 vitality/number and down regulated the expression of the target genes. Only minor effectiveness was in contrast observed for PDP. In IHH, a human model of normal hepatocytes with reduced ASGPR expression, PDPG barely reduced cell vitality. In a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model of HCC, PDPG-siRNAs reduced HCC tumor growth compared to controls without significant toxic effects. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the valuable potentials of PDPG for the specific delivery of siRNAs targeting HCC-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Perrone
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Emanuela Fabiola Craparo
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-, Izola 6310, Slovenia
| | - Urska Kamensek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Salvatore Emanuele Drago
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Barbara Dapas
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume, Trieste 447, Italy
| | - Debora Bonazza
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume, Trieste 447, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, Trieste I 34127, Italy
| | - Nhung Truong
- Stem Cell Research and Application Laboratory - VNUHCM - University of Science, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam
| | - Gabriele Pozzato
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume, Trieste 447, Italy
| | - Rossella Farra
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste I-34149, Italy.
| | - Gennara Cavallaro
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste I-34149, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume, Trieste 447, Italy
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Usman M, Zhang C, Patil PJ, Mehmood A, Li X, Bilal M, Haider J, Ahmad S. Potential applications of hydrophobically modified inulin as an active ingredient in functional foods and drugs - A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117176. [PMID: 33183623 PMCID: PMC7536552 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inulin is a substance found in a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and herbs. Inulin was modified by physical and chemical means to improve functionality. HMI has been used in the stability of emulsions and suspensions. SCFAs inulin esters have transformed the gut microbiota and improved the bioavailability of SCFAs. HMI based bioconjugates, hydrogel, and nanomicelles were used as a controlled release of drugs and vaccines.
Over the past few years, hydrophobically modified inulin (HMI) has gained considerable attention due to its multitudinous features. The targeted release of drugs remains a subject of research interest. Moreover, it is important to explore the properties of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) inulin esters because they are less studied. Additionally, HMI has been used to stabilize various dispersion formulations, which have been observed to be safe because inulin is generally recognized as safe (GRAS). However, the results regarding HMI-based dispersion products are dispersed throughout the literature. This comprehensive review is discussed the possible limitations regarding SCFAs inulin esters, real food dispersion formulations, and HMI drugs. The results revealed that SCFAs inulin esters can regulate the human gut microbiota and increase the biological half-life of SCFAs in the human body. This comprehensive review discusses the versatility of HMI as a promising excipient for the production of hydrophobic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Chengnan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Prasanna Jagannath Patil
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Junaid Haider
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Shabbir Ahmad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
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11
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Wan X, Guo H, Liang Y, Zhou C, Liu Z, Li K, Niu F, Zhai X, Wang L. The physiological functions and pharmaceutical applications of inulin: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116589. [PMID: 32747248 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inulin (IN), a fructan-type plant polysaccharide, is widely found in nature. The major plant sources of IN include chicory, Jerusalem artichoke, dahlia etc. Studies have found that IN possessed a wide array of biological activities, e.g. as a prebiotic to improve the intestinal microbe environment, regulating blood sugar, regulating blood lipids, antioxidant, anticancer, immune regulation and so on. Currently, IN is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. IN can be used as thickener, fat replacer, sweetener and water retaining agent in the food industry. IN also can be applied in the pharmaceutics as stabilizer, drug carrier, and auxiliary therapeutic agent for certain diseases such as constipation and diabetes. This paper reviews the physiological functions of IN and its applications in the field of pharmaceutics, analyzes its present research status and future research direction. This review will serve as a one-in-all resource for the researchers who are interested to work on IN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhuan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yiyu Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changzheng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kunwei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fengju Niu
- Shandong Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xin Zhai
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Lizhu Wang
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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12
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Inulin as carriers for renal targeting delivery of ferulic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:654-660. [PMID: 32169456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inulin (IN), as a classic diagnostic for determination of glomerular filtration rate, reached high concentration in kidney. Introducing drug into IN derivatives may be a new method to target kidney for drug delivery. To test the hypothesis, ferulic acid (FeA) was conjugated into IN by ester bond and amide bond (ethylenediamine as spacer), respectively, and the two FeA-IN conjugations, inulin ferulate (IN-FeA) and inulin ethylenediamine ferulate (IN-EDA-FeA) were obtained. NMR spectrum was involved to characterize the conjugations. The FeA in vitro release profiles were tested in mice plasma and renal homogenate. Finally, the biodistribution test was performed to evaluate their renal-targeting ability. Both IN-FeA and IN-EDA-FeA showed a higher release rate of FeA in renal homogenate than in mouse plasma suggesting the conjugates are relatively stable in plasma and more likely FeA release in kidney. The renal area under the curve (AUC) for IN-FeA and IN-EDA-FeA were 539.6 ± 107.9 and 558.5 ± 131.6 μg h/mL, respectively, which were 4.47 and 4.62 times of 120.8 ± 18.1 μg h/mL for free FeA. Meanwhile, significant smaller FeA accumulation in other organs was observed. These data indicated that IN-FeA and IN-EDA-FeA effectively targeted kidney for FeA delivery.
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Chen Y, Mi Y, Li Q, Dong F, Guo Z. Synthesis of Schiff bases modified inulin derivatives for potential antifungal and antioxidant applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:714-723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Paolino M, Licciardi M, Savoca C, Giammona G, Modica De Mohac L, Reale A, Giuliani G, Komber H, Donati A, Leone G, Magnani A, Anzini M, Cappelli A. Hyaluronan Graft Copolymers Bearing Fatty-Acid Residues as Self-Assembling Nanoparticles for Olanzapine Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E675. [PMID: 31842344 PMCID: PMC6956235 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate the potential of a technology platform based on hyaluronan copolymers grafted with propargylated ferulate fluorophores (HA-FA-Pg) in the development of drug delivery systems, the propargyl groups of HA-FA-Pg derivatives were employed with oleic acid (OA) or stearic acid (SA) residues across a biocompatible hexa(ethylene glycol) (HEG) spacer. The designed materials (i.e., HA-FA-HEG-OA or HA-FA-HEG-SA) showed clear-cut aggregation features in an aqueous environment, as confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), generating nanoaggregate systems. In fact, HA-FA-HEG-OA and HA-FA-HEG-SA derivatives showed the property to create self-assembled cytocompatible nanostructured aggregates in water, thanks to the simultaneous presence of hydrophilic portions in the polymeric backbone, such as hyaluronic acid, and hydrophobic portions in the side chains. Furthermore, the designed materials interact with living cells showing a high degree of cytocompatibility. The potential ability of nanosystems to load pharmacologically active molecules was assessed by the physical entrapment of olanzapine into both polymeric systems. The drug loading evaluation demonstrated that the nanoparticles are able to incorporate a good quantity of olanzapine, as well as improve drug solubility, release profile, and cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.R.); (G.G.); (A.D.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Mariano Licciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.L.); (C.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Cristina Savoca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.L.); (C.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.L.); (C.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Laura Modica De Mohac
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Reale
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.R.); (G.G.); (A.D.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Germano Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.R.); (G.G.); (A.D.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Alessandro Donati
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.R.); (G.G.); (A.D.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Gemma Leone
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.R.); (G.G.); (A.D.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Agnese Magnani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.R.); (G.G.); (A.D.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Maurizio Anzini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.R.); (G.G.); (A.D.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.R.); (G.G.); (A.D.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.A.); (A.C.)
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Charoenwongpaiboon T, Wangpaiboon K, Panpetch P, Field RA, Barclay JE, Pichyangkura R, Kuttiyawong K. Temperature-dependent inulin nanoparticles synthesized by Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase and complex formation with flavonoids. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Strategies for Delivery of siRNAs to Ovarian Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11100547. [PMID: 31652539 PMCID: PMC6835428 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unmet need for novel therapeutic options for ovarian cancer (OC) deserves further investigation. Among the different novel drugs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are particularly attractive because of their specificity of action and efficacy, as documented in many experimental setups. However, the fragility of these molecules in the biological environment necessitates the use of delivery materials able to protect them and possibly target them to the cancer cells. Among the different delivery materials, those based on polymers and lipids are considered very interesting because of their biocompatibility and ability to carry/deliver siRNAs. Despite these features, polymers and lipids need to be engineered to optimize their delivery properties for OC. In this review, we concentrated on the description of the therapeutic potential of siRNAs and polymer-/lipid-based delivery systems for OC. After a brief description of OC and siRNA features, we summarized the strategies employed to minimize siRNA delivery problems, the targeting strategies to OC, and the preclinical models available. Finally, we discussed the most interesting works published in the last three years about polymer-/lipid-based materials for siRNA delivery.
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Di Prima G, Licciardi M, Carfì Pavia F, Lo Monte AI, Cavallaro G, Giammona G. Microfibrillar polymeric ocular inserts for triamcinolone acetonide delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 567:118459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Novel Inulin Derivatives Modified with Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11060998. [PMID: 31167475 PMCID: PMC6631190 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report chemical modifications of inulin by seven kinds of aromatic Schiff bases, which are different from their substituent groups. The obtained inulin derivatives were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. Then, we studied their antifungal activity against four kinds of plant pathogens involving Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium Owen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, and Phomopsis asparagi by the mycelium growth rate method. The results revealed that all inulin derivatives were endowed with significant antifungal activity compared to inulin. Among them, 6-amino-(N-4-chlorobenzylidene)-6-deoxy-3,4-di-O-acetyl inulin (4CBSAIL) and 6-amino-(N-3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-6-deoxy-3,4-di-O-acetyl inulin (3,4DCBSAIL), which were synthesized from p-chlorobenzaldehyde and 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde, could completely inhibit the growth of the test fungi at 1.0 mg/mL. The inhibitory indices of the inulin derivatives were related to the type, position, and number of substituent groups (halogens) on the Schiff bases. The results confirmed that it was feasible to chemically modify inulin with Schiff bases to confer high antifungal activity to inulin. The products described in this paper have great potential as alternatives to some harmful pesticides used for plant disease control.
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Combining Inulin Multifunctional Polycation and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Redox-Responsive siRNA-Loaded Systems for Magnetofection. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050889. [PMID: 31096623 PMCID: PMC6571810 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) are recognized as one of the most promising agents for theranostic applications. Among methods designed for siRNA delivery, magnetofection, that is, nucleic acid cell uptake under the influence of a magnetic field acting on magnetic nucleic acid vectors, is emerging as a unique approach to combining advantages such as strong improvement of the kinetics of the delivery process and the possibility of localizing nucleic acid delivery to an area where the magnetic field is applied. This paper reports on the preparation of siRNA loaded magnetoplexes—named ICD@SS@SPIONs/siRNA—by controlled crosslinking, in the presence of SPIONs, of the polycation INU-C-DETA, synthesized starting from the polysaccharide inulin by grafting diethylenetriamine and cystamine molecules. The obtained ICD@SS@SPIONs/siRNA have suitable chemical-physical characteristics to be employed for iv administration and are also able to release siRNA in a redox-triggered manner thanks to intracellular glutathione (GSH) mediated reduction of disulphide bridges formed during the crosslinking process. Moreover, ICD@SS@SPIONs/siRNA are able to produce magnetic targeting in vitro on breast cancer cells, without appreciable cyto- and hemo-toxic effects, in a wide range of concentrations. Finally, protein binding to nanoparticles revealed that obtained systems are potentially longer circulating and applicable as a smart multifunctional agents for cancer therapy.
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Mahmoodi Chalbatani G, Dana H, Gharagouzloo E, Grijalvo S, Eritja R, Logsdon CD, Memari F, Miri SR, Rad MR, Marmari V. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in cancer therapy: a nano-based approach. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3111-3128. [PMID: 31118626 PMCID: PMC6504672 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s200253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most complex diseases that has resulted in multiple genetic disorders and cellular abnormalities. Globally, cancer is the most common health concern disease that is affecting human beings. Great efforts have been made over the past decades in biology with the aim of searching novel and more efficient tools in therapy. Thus, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been considered one of the most noteworthy developments which are able to regulate gene expression following a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi is a post-transcriptional mechanism that involves the inhibition of gene expression through promoting cleavage on a specific area of a target messenger RNA (mRNA). This technology has shown promising therapeutic results for a good number of diseases, especially in cancer. However, siRNA therapeutics have to face important drawbacks in therapy including stability and successful siRNA delivery in vivo. In this regard, the development of effective siRNA delivery systems has helped addressing these issues by opening novel therapeutic windows which have allowed to build up important advances in Nanomedicine. In this review, we discuss the progress of siRNA therapy as well as its medical application via nanoparticle-mediated delivery for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Dana
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Elahe Gharagouzloo
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona08034, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona08034, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fereidoon Memari
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Rouhollah Miri
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Marmari
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
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Di Prima G, Bongiovì F, Palumbo FS, Pitarresi G, Licciardi M, Giammona G. Mucoadhesive PEGylated inulin-based self-assembling nanoparticles: In vitro and ex vivo transcorneal permeation enhancement of corticosteroids. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Farra R, Musiani F, Perrone F, Čemažar M, Kamenšek U, Tonon F, Abrami M, Ručigaj A, Grassi M, Pozzato G, Bonazza D, Zanconati F, Forte G, El Boustani M, Scarabel L, Garziera M, Russo Spena C, De Stefano L, Salis B, Toffoli G, Rizzolio F, Grassi G, Dapas B. Polymer-Mediated Delivery of siRNAs to Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Variables Affecting Specificity and Effectiveness. Molecules 2018; 23:E777. [PMID: 29597300 PMCID: PMC6017305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in anticancer therapies, their effectiveness for many human tumors is still far from being optimal. Significant improvements in treatment efficacy can come from the enhancement of drug specificity. This goal may be achieved by combining the use of therapeutic molecules with tumor specific effects and delivery carriers with tumor targeting ability. In this regard, nucleic acid-based drug (NABD) and particularly small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), are attractive molecules due to the possibility to be engineered to target specific tumor genes. On the other hand, polymeric-based delivery systems are emerging as versatile carriers to generate tumor-targeted delivery systems. Here we will focus on the most recent findings in the selection of siRNA/polymeric targeted delivery systems for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a human tumor for which currently available therapeutic approaches are poorly effective. In addition, we will discuss the most attracting and, in our opinion, promising siRNA-polymer combinations for HCC in relation to the biological features of HCC tissue. Attention will be also put on the mathematical description of the mechanisms ruling siRNA-carrier delivery, this being an important aspect to improve effectiveness reducing the experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Farra
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Francesco Musiani
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesca Perrone
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Maja Čemažar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Urška Kamenšek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Federica Tonon
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Michela Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Aleš Ručigaj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Pozzato
- Department of "Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute", University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Department of "Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute", University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of "Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute", University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Center for Translational Medicine (CTM), International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Studenstka 6, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Maguie El Boustani
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O.-National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, I-33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
- Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Lucia Scarabel
- C.R.O.-National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, I-33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Marica Garziera
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O.-National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, I-33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Concetta Russo Spena
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O.-National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, I-33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
- Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Lucia De Stefano
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O.-National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, I-33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
- Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Barbara Salis
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O.-National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, I-33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
- Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O.-National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, I-33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O.-National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini 2, I-33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, via Torino 155, I-30172 Mestre (Venezia), Italy.
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Barbara Dapas
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
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Tofani LB, Depieri LV, Campos PM, Riul TB, Antonietto KS, de Abreu Fantini MC, Bentley MVLB. In Vitro TyRP-1 Knockdown Based on siRNA Carried by Liquid Crystalline Nanodispersions: an Alternative Approach for Topical Treatment of Vitiligo. Pharm Res 2018; 35:104. [PMID: 29560584 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitiligo is a skin disease characterized by depigmentation and the presence of white patches that are associated with the loss of melanocytes. The most common explanation for the cause of this condition is that it is an autoimmune condition. TyRP-1 is involved in melanin pigment synthesis but can also function as a melanocyte differentiation antigen. This protein plays a role in the autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, which results in the depigmentation, characteristic of this disease. In this study, we evaluated liquid crystalline nanodispersions as non-viral vectors to deliver siRNA-TyRP-1 as an alternative for topical treatment of vitiligo. METHODS Liquid crystalline nanodispersions were obtained and characterized with respect to their physical-chemical parameters including size, PdI and zeta potential, as well as Small Angle X-ray Scattering and complexing to siRNA. The effects of the liquid crystalline nanodispersions on the cellular viability, cell uptake and levels of the knockdown target TyRP-1 were evaluated in melan-A cells after 24 h of treatment. RESULTS The liquid crystalline nanodispersions demonstrated adequate physical-chemical parameters including nanometer size and a PdI below 0.38. These systems promoted a high rate of cell uptake and an impressive TyRP-1 target knockdown (> 80%) associated with suitable loading of TyRp-1 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the liquid crystalline nanodispersions showed promising alternative for the topical treatment of vitiligo due to their physical parameters and ability in knockdown the target protein involved with autoimmune destruction of melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Bueno Tofani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Lívia Vieira Depieri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Mazureki Campos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Thalita Bachelli Riul
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Swiech Antonietto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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Synthesis of inulin derivatives with quaternary phosphonium salts and their antifungal activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:1273-1278. [PMID: 29548915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inulin is a kind of renewable and biodegradable carbohydrate with good water solubility and numerous physiological functions. For further utilization of inulin, chemical modification can be applied to improve its bioactivities. In this paper, five novel inulin derivatives were synthesized via chemical modification with quaternary phosphonium salt. Their antifungal activity against three kinds of plant pathogens including Colletotrichum lagenarium, Phomopsis asparagi, and Fusarium oxysporum was assessed with radial growth assay in vitro. Results revealed that all the inulin derivatives exhibited improved antifungal activity compared with inulin. Particularly, inulin modified with triphenylphosphine (TPhPAIL) exhibited the best antifungal activity with inhibitory indices of 80.0%, 78.8%, and 87.4% against Colletotrichum lagenarium, Phomopsis asparagi, and Fusarium oxysporum at 1.0mg/mL respectively. The results clearly showed that chemical modification of inulin with quaternary phosphonium salt could efficiently improve derivatives' antifungal activity. Further analysis of results indicated that the antifungal activity was influenced by alkyl chain length or electron-withdrawing ability of the grafted quaternary phosphonium salts. Longer alkyl chain lengths or the stronger electron-withdrawing groups would lead to enhanced antifungal efficacy.
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25
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Recent advances in smart biotechnology: Hydrogels and nanocarriers for tailored bioactive molecules depot. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:163-180. [PMID: 28527520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past ten years, the global biopharmaceutical market has remarkably grown, with ten over the top twenty worldwide high performance medical treatment sales being biologics. Thus, biotech R&D (research and development) sector is becoming a key leading branch, with expanding revenues. Biotechnology offers considerable advantages compared to traditional therapeutic approaches, such as reducing side effects, specific treatments, higher patient compliance and therefore more effective treatments leading to lower healthcare costs. Within this sector, smart nanotechnology and colloidal self-assembling systems represent pivotal tools able to modulate the delivery of therapeutics. A comprehensive understanding of the processes involved in the self-assembly of the colloidal structures discussed therein is essential for the development of relevant biomedical applications. In this review we report the most promising and best performing platforms for specific classes of bioactive molecules and related target, spanning from siRNAs, gene/plasmids, proteins/growth factors, small synthetic therapeutics and bioimaging probes.
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Di Prima G, Saladino S, Bongiovì F, Adamo G, Ghersi G, Pitarresi G, Giammona G. Novel inulin-based mucoadhesive micelles loaded with corticosteroids as potential transcorneal permeation enhancers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 117:385-399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Farra R, Scaggiante B, Guerra C, Pozzato G, Grassi M, Zanconati F, Perrone F, Ferrari C, Trotta F, Grassi G, Dapas B. Dissecting the role of the elongation factor 1A isoforms in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by liposome-mediated delivery of siRNAs. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:367-376. [PMID: 28229942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A), a protein involved in protein synthesis, has two major isoforms, eEF1A1 and eEF1A2. Despite the evidences of their involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the quantitative contribution of each of the two isoforms to the disease is unknown. We depleted the two isoforms by means of siRNAs and studied the effects in three different HCC cell lines. Particular care was dedicated to select siRNAs able to target each of the two isoform without affecting the other one. This is not a trivial aspect due to the high sequence homology between eEF1A1 and eEF1A2. The selected siRNAs can specifically deplete either eEF1A1 or eEF1A2. This, in turn, results in an impairment of cell vitality, growth and arrest in the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle. Notably, these effects are quantitatively superior following eEF1A1 than eEF1A2 depletion. Moreover, functional tests revealed that the G1/G0 block induced by eEF1A1 depletion depends on the down-regulation of the transcription factor E2F1, a known player in HCC. In conclusion, our data indicate that the independent targeting of the two eEF1A isoforms is effective in reducing HCC cell growth and that eEF1A1 depletion may result in a more evident effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Farra
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Information Technology, University of Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Guerra
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pozzato
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Information Technology, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Ferrari
- Department of Clinic-Surgical Sciences, Experimental Surgery Laboratory, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Clinic-Surgical Sciences, Experimental Surgery Laboratory, University of Pavia, Italy; U.O. di Chirurgia Generale e Toracica, Ospedale Maggiore, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Dapas
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
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Cavallaro G, Farra R, Craparo EF, Sardo C, Porsio B, Giammona G, Perrone F, Grassi M, Pozzato G, Grassi G, Dapas B. Galactosylated polyaspartamide copolymers for siRNA targeted delivery to hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:397-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cavallaro G, Sardo C, Craparo EF, Porsio B, Giammona G. Polymeric nanoparticles for siRNA delivery: Production and applications. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:313-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Scarabel L, Perrone F, Garziera M, Farra R, Grassi M, Musiani F, Russo Spena C, Salis B, De Stefano L, Toffoli G, Rizzolio F, Tonon F, Abrami M, Chiarappa G, Pozzato G, Forte G, Grassi G, Dapas B. Strategies to optimize siRNA delivery to hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 14:797-810. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1292247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Scarabel
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesca Perrone
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marica Garziera
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Rossella Farra
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Musiani
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Concetta Russo Spena
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Salis
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Lucia De Stefano
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Federica Tonon
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Abrami
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca Chiarappa
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pozzato
- Department of ‘Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute’, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of ‘Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute’, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Dapas
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Engineering approaches in siRNA delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:343-358. [PMID: 28213276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
siRNAs are very potent drug molecules, able to silence genes involved in pathologies development. siRNAs have virtually an unlimited therapeutic potential, particularly for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, their use in clinical practice is limited because of their unfavorable properties to interact and not to degrade in physiological environments. In particular they are large macromolecules, negatively charged, which undergo rapid degradation by plasmatic enzymes, are subject to fast renal clearance/hepatic sequestration, and can hardly cross cellular membranes. These aspects seriously impair siRNAs as therapeutics. As in all the other fields of science, siRNAs management can be advantaged by physical-mathematical descriptions (modeling) in order to clarify the involved phenomena from the preparative step of dosage systems to the description of drug-body interactions, which allows improving the design of delivery systems/processes/therapies. This review analyzes a few mathematical modeling approaches currently adopted to describe the siRNAs delivery, the main procedures in siRNAs vectors' production processes and siRNAs vectors' release from hydrogels, and the modeling of pharmacokinetics of siRNAs vectors. Furthermore, the use of physical models to study the siRNAs vectors' fate in blood stream and in the tissues is presented. The general view depicts a framework maybe not yet usable in therapeutics, but with promising possibilities for forthcoming applications.
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Synthesis, characterization and modification of Gum Arabic microgels for hemocompatibility and antimicrobial studies. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 156:380-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Man DK, Chow MY, Casettari L, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Lam JK. Potential and development of inhaled RNAi therapeutics for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 102:21-32. [PMID: 27108702 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), continues to pose a serious threat to public health, and the situation is worsening with the rapid emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) TB. Current TB regimens require long duration of treatment, and their toxic side effects often lead to poor adherence and low success rates. There is an urgent need for shorter and more effective treatment for TB. In recent years, RNA interference (RNAi) has become a powerful tool for studying gene function by silencing the target genes. The survival of Mtb in host macrophages involves the attenuation of the antimicrobial responses mounted by the host cells. RNAi technology has helped to improve our understanding of how these bacilli interferes with the bactericidal effect and host immunity during TB infection. It has been suggested that the host-directed intervention by modulation of host pathways can be employed as a novel and effective therapy against TB. This therapeutic approach could be achieved by RNAi, which holds enormous potential beyond a laboratory to the clinic. RNAi therapy targeting TB is being investigated for enhancing host antibacterial capacity or improving drug efficacy on drug resistance strains while minimizing the associated adverse effects. One of the key challenges of RNAi therapeutics arises from the delivery of the RNAi molecules into the target cells, and inhalation could serve as a direct administration route for the treatment of pulmonary TB in a non-invasive manner. However, there are still major obstacles that need to be overcome. This review focuses on the RNAi candidates that are currently explored for the treatment of TB and discusses the major barriers of pulmonary RNAi delivery. From this, we hope to stimulate further studies of local RNAi therapeutics for pulmonary TB treatment.
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Sardo C, Craparo EF, Porsio B, Giammona G, Cavallaro G. Improvements in Rational Design Strategies of Inulin Derivative Polycation for siRNA Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2352-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sardo
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers,
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche
(STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Emanuela Fabiola Craparo
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers,
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche
(STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Barbara Porsio
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers,
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche
(STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers,
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche
(STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Gennara Cavallaro
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers,
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche
(STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
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Mensink MA, Frijlink HW, van der Voort Maarschalk K, Hinrichs WL. Inulin, a flexible oligosaccharide. II: Review of its pharmaceutical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:418-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Farra R, Grassi M, Grassi G, Dapas B. Therapeutic potential of small interfering RNAs/micro interfering RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8994-9001. [PMID: 26290628 PMCID: PMC4533033 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i30.8994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant form of primary liver cancer and represents the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Current available therapeutic approaches are poorly effective, especially for the advanced forms of the disease. In the last year, short double stranded RNA molecules termed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and micro interfering RNAs (miRNA), emerged as interesting molecules with potential therapeutic value for HCC. The practical use of these molecules is however limited by the identification of optimal molecular targets and especially by the lack of effective and targeted HCC delivery systems. Here we focus our discussion on the most recent advances in the identification of siRNAs/miRNAs molecular targets and on the development of suitable siRNA/miRNAs delivery systems.
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Licciardi M, Li Volsi A, Sardo C, Mauro N, Cavallaro G, Giammona G. Inulin-Ethylenediamine Coated SPIONs Magnetoplexes: A Promising Tool for Improving siRNA Delivery. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3674-87. [PMID: 26085039 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An inulin based polycation (Inu-EDA) has been synthesized by the grafting of ethylenediamine molecules onto inulin backbone. The obtained inulin copolymer has been though to coat SPIONs (IC-SPIONs) and obtain stable magnetoplexes by complexation of IC-SPIONs with a model duplexed siRNA, for improving oligonucleotide transfection efficiency. METHODS The physical-chemical characteristics of IC-SPIONs and IC-SPIONs/siRNA magnetoplexes have been investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopies, dynamic light scattering, FT-IR and qualitative surface elementary analysis. Cell compatibility and internalization in vitro of IC-SPIONs have been evaluated by MTS and fluorescence microscopy respectively on cancer (HCT116) and normal human (16HBE) cells. The efficiency of gene silencing effect of magnetoplexes was studied on both tumoral (JHH6) and non tumoral (16HBE) cell lines also by applying an external magnet. RESULTS IC-SPIONs showed dimension of 30 nm and resulted cytocompatible on the tested cell lines; in the presence of an external magnet, the magnetic force enhanced the IC-SPIONs uptake inside cells. Magnetically improved transfection was observed in 16HBE cells under magnetofective conditions, in accordance with the IC-SPIONs uptake enhancement in the presence of an external magnet. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the potential application of this system as a magnetically targeted drug delivery system. Graphical Abstract Magnetically improved siRNA transfection in cells under magnetofective conditions upon uptake enhancement of IC-SPIONs in the presence of an external magnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Licciardi
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
- Mediterranean Center for Human Health Advanced Biotechnologies (Med-CHAB), Palermo, Italy.
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 32 90123, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Anna Li Volsi
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Sardo
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicolò Mauro
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gennara Cavallaro
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Mediterranean Center for Human Health Advanced Biotechnologies (Med-CHAB), Palermo, Italy
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