1
|
Pharmaceutical Cocrystals of Ethenzamide: Molecular Structure Analysis Based on Vibrational Spectra and DFT Calculations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158550. [PMID: 35955684 PMCID: PMC9369141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical cocrystals can offer another advanced strategy for drug preparation and development and can facilitate improvements to the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) without altering their chemical structures and corresponding pharmacological activities. Therefore, cocrystals show a great deal of potential in the development and research of drugs. In this work, pharmaceutical cocrystals of ethenzamide (ETZ) with 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (26DHBA), 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (24DHBA) and gallic acid (GA) were synthesized by the solvent evaporation method. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the structural changes after ETZ cocrystallization, terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the single starting samples, corresponding physical mixtures and the cocrystals. In addition, the possible molecular structures of ETZ-GA, ETZ-26DHBA and ETZ-24DHBA cocrystals were optimized by density functional theory (DFT). The results of THz and Raman spectra with the DFT simulations for the three cocrystals revealed that the ETZ-GA cocrystal formed an O−H∙∙∙O hydrogen bond between the -OH of GA and oxygen of the amide group of the ETZ molecule, and it was also found that ETZ formed a dimer through a supramolecular amide–amide homosynthon; meanwhile, the ETZ-26DHBA cocrystal was formed by a powerful supramolecular acid–amide heterosynthon, and the ETZ-24DHBA cocrystal formed the O−H∙∙∙O hydrogen bond between the 4-hydroxy group of 24DHBA and oxygen of the amide group of the ETZ molecule. It could be seen that in the molecular structure analysis of the three cocrystals, the position and number of hydroxyl groups in the coformers play an essential role in guiding the formation of specific supramolecular synthons.
Collapse
|
2
|
Przybyłek M, Miernicka A, Nowak M, Cysewski P. New Screening Protocol for Effective Green Solvents Selection of Benzamide, Salicylamide and Ethenzamide. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103323. [PMID: 35630800 PMCID: PMC9144492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New protocol for screening efficient and environmentally friendly solvents was proposed and experimentally verified. The guidance for solvent selection comes from computed solubility via COSMO-RS approach. Furthermore, solute-solvent affinities computed using advanced quantum chemistry level were used as a rationale for observed solvents ranking. The screening protocol pointed out that 4-formylomorpholine (4FM) is an attractive solubilizer compared to commonly used aprotic solvents such as DMSO and DMF. This was tested experimentally by measuring the solubility of the title compounds in aqueous binary mixtures in the temperature range between 298.15 K and 313.15 K. Additional measurements were also performed for aqueous binary mixtures of DMSO and DMF. It has been found that the solubility of studied aromatic amides is very high and quite similar in all three aprotic solvents. For most aqueous binary mixtures, a significant decrease in solubility with a decrease in the organic fraction is observed, indicating that all systems can be regarded as efficient solvent-anti-solvent pairs. In the case of salicylamide dissolved in aqueous-4FM binary mixtures, a strong synergistic effect has been found leading to the highest solubility for 0.6 mole fraction of 4-FM.
Collapse
|
3
|
Vaksler Y, Benedis D, Dyshin A, Oparin R, Correia N, Capet F, Shishkina S, Kiselev M, Idrissi A. Spectroscopic characterization of single co-crystal of mefenamic acid and nicotinamide using supercritical CO2. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
4
|
In-silico methods of cocrystal screening: A review on tools for rational design of pharmaceutical cocrystals. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
5
|
Wong SN, Chen YCS, Xuan B, Sun CC, Chow SF. Cocrystal engineering of pharmaceutical solids: therapeutic potential and challenges. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00825k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This highlight presents an overview of pharmaceutical cocrystal production and its potential in reviving problematic properties of drugs in different dosage forms. The challenges and future outlook of its translational development are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Nga Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-08B, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Chee Sonia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-08B, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bianfei Xuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-08B, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-08B, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prediction of ethenzamide solubility in organic solvents by explicit inclusions of intermolecular interactions within the framework of COSMO-RS-DARE. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
7
|
Szafraniec J, Antosik A, Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Chmiel K, Kurek M, Gawlak K, Odrobińska J, Paluch M, Jachowicz R. The Self-Assembly Phenomenon of Poloxamers and Its Effect on the Dissolution of a Poorly Soluble Drug from Solid Dispersions Obtained by Solvent Methods. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E130. [PMID: 30893859 PMCID: PMC6470807 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly phenomenon of amphiphiles has attracted particular attention in recent years due to its wide range of applications. The formation of nanoassemblies able to solubilize sparingly water-soluble drugs was found to be a strategy to solve the problem of poor solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Binary and ternary solid dispersions containing Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II drug bicalutamide and either Poloxamer®188 or Poloxamer®407 as the surface active agents were obtained by either spray drying or solvent evaporation under reduced pressure. Both processes led to morphological changes and a reduction of particle size, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction measurements. The increase in powder wettability was confirmed by means of contact angle measurements. The effect of an alteration of the crystal structure was followed by powder X-ray diffractometry while thermal properties were determined using differential scanning calorimetry. Interestingly, bicalutamide exhibited a polymorph transition after spray drying with the poloxamer and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), while the poloxamer underwent partial amorphization. Moreover, due to the surface activity of the carrier, the solid dispersions formed nanoaggregates in water, as confirmed using dynamic light scattering measurements. The aggregates measuring 200⁻300 nm in diameter were able to solubilize bicalutamide inside the hydrophobic inner parts. The self-assembly of binary systems was found to improve the amount of dissolved bicalutamide by 4- to 8-fold in comparison to untreated drug. The improvement in drug dissolution was correlated with the solubilization of poorly soluble molecules by macromolecules, as assessed using emission spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szafraniec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agata Antosik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Justyna Knapik-Kowalczuk
- Division of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Chmiel
- Division of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Kurek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Karolina Gawlak
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Odrobińska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marian Paluch
- Division of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.
| | - Renata Jachowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mixed micelles of the antihistaminic cationic drug diphenhydramine hydrochloride with anionic and non-ionic surfactants show improved solubility, drug release and cytotoxicity of ethenzamide. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
9
|
Kozak A, Marek PH, Pindelska E. Structural Characterization and Pharmaceutical Properties of Three Novel Cocrystals of Ethenzamide With Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:1476-1485. [PMID: 30414866 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethenzamide (ET) was screened in cocrystallization experiments with pharmaceutically acceptable coformer molecules to discover materials of improved physicochemical properties, that is, higher solubility and better stability. Three novel cocrystals of ET with glutaric, malonic, and maleic acids were obtained by neat grinding and slow evaporation from solution. The purpose of the study was to notice the changes in the geometry and interactions of ET molecule in crystalline phase introduced by different acid and relate them to physicochemical properties of pure ET. Therefore, the crystal structure of the cocrystals was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The powder samples were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and 13C and 15N solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Spectroscopic studies were supported by gauge including projector augmented wave calculations of chemical shielding constants. The high stability of cocrystals during direct compression was proved. The solubility in simulated gastric fluids for studied cocrystals appeared to be approximately 1.6 times-fold higher than ET. The dissolution rates of all ET cocrystals were not faster than the pure drug, but after 240 min, more drugs were released.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kozak
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy With the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina H Marek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; Czochralski Laboratory of Advanced Crystal Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Pindelska
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy With the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cysewski P, Przybyłek M. Selection of effective cocrystals former for dissolution rate improvement of active pharmaceutical ingredients based on lipoaffinity index. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:87-96. [PMID: 28687528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
New theoretical screening procedure was proposed for appropriate selection of potential cocrystal formers possessing the ability of enhancing dissolution rates of drugs. The procedure relies on the training set comprising 102 positive and 17 negative cases of cocrystals found in the literature. Despite the fact that the only available data were of qualitative character, performed statistical analysis using binary classification allowed to formulate quantitative criterions. Among considered 3679 molecular descriptors the relative value of lipoaffinity index, expressed as the difference between values calculated for active compound and excipient, has been found as the most appropriate measure suited for discrimination of positive and negative cases. Assuming 5% precision, the applied classification criterion led to inclusion of 70% positive cases in the final prediction. Since lipoaffinity index is a molecular descriptor computed using only 2D information about a chemical structure, its estimation is straightforward and computationally inexpensive. The inclusion of an additional criterion quantifying the cocrystallization probability leads to the following conjunction criterions Hmix<-0.18 and ΔLA>3.61, allowing for identification of dissolution rate enhancers. The screening procedure was applied for finding the most promising coformers of such drugs as Iloperidone, Ritonavir, Carbamazepine and Enthenzamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cysewski
- Chair and Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Collegium Medicum of Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-950 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Maciej Przybyłek
- Chair and Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Collegium Medicum of Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-950 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
In silico screening of dicarboxylic acids for cocrystallization with phenylpiperazine derivatives based on both cocrystallization propensity and solubility advantage. J Mol Model 2017; 23:136. [PMID: 28349342 PMCID: PMC5368210 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In silico screening was performed to search for binary solids in which a phenylpiperazine-derivative drug was cocrystallized with a dicarboxylic acid. The phenylpiperazine derivative could be any of 61 such drugs, while the dicarboxylic acid could be any of nine such acids. The uniqueness of this approach was that two criteria had to be fulfilled simultaneously, namely a high propensity for cocrystallization and a sufficient solubility advantage. Using the mixing enthalpies of selected pairs of crystal formers with high affinities for one another permitted the classification of candidates with a high probability of cocrystallization. Further modeling of the solubility advantage allowed the identification of many binary solids that potentially exhibit significantly enhanced solubility in water. Based on the computed values for the mixing enthalpies and solubility advantage factors, it was concluded that dicarboxylic acids are both excellent coformers for cocrystallization with phenylpiperazines and very good solubility enhancers; indeed, the use of dicarboxylic acids as coformers would allow the degree of dissolution to be tuned for many of the studied drugs. The observed similarities of the cocrystallization landscapes of the studied drugs and excipients were also explored.
Collapse
|
12
|
Khatioda R, Saikia B, Das PJ, Sarma B. Solubility and in vitro drug permeation behavior of ethenzamide cocrystals regulated in physiological pH environments. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01626c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug release behavior of few ethenzamide cocrystals was investigated at different pH buffers. Change in lipophilic behavior and conformational adjustment of drug along with supramolecular synthons were probed for their improved drug efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Khatioda
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur-784028
- India
| | - Basanta Saikia
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur-784028
- India
| | - Pranab Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur-784028
- India
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur-784028
- India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sato K, Ando R, Kobayashi H, Nishio T. 2-Ethoxybenzamide stimulates melanin synthesis in B16F1 melanoma cells via the CREB signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 423:39-52. [PMID: 27633503 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are frequently used for the treatment of inflammation, pain, and fever. In this study, we found that 2-ethoxybenzamide (ETZ) significantly enhanced melanin synthesis in B16F1 melanoma cells, and also induced melanosome formation. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism by which ETZ up-regulated melanin synthesis. Western blot analysis demonstrated that ETZ increased melanogenic protein levels, except that for TRP-2. Moreover, semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR analyses showed that ETZ enhanced the mRNA levels of melanogenic genes, including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and melanocortin 1 receptor. We also observed phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) following ETZ treatment. However, ETZ did not affect intracellular cAMP levels. ERK was also activated by ETZ treatment, and melanin content was enhanced upon treatment with the specific ERK inhibitor PD98059. Together, our results indicate that ETZ induces melanin synthesis via CREB phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuomi Sato
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610, Japan. .,Department of Life Science, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Ando
- Department of Life Science, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610, Japan
| | - Honoka Kobayashi
- Department of Life Science, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishio
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cysewski P. Transferability of cocrystallization propensities between aromatic and heteroaromatic amides. Struct Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-016-0760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|