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Wang M, Zhang M, Bi J, Li J, Hu X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang W, Lin Y, Cheng HB, Wang J. Mitochondrial Targeted Thermosensitive Nanocarrier for Near-Infrared-Triggered Precise Synergetic Photothermal Nitric Oxide Chemotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18252-18267. [PMID: 38581365 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) intervenes, that is, a potential treatment strategy, and has attracted wide attention in the field of tumor therapy. However, the therapeutic effect of NO is still poor, due to its short half-life and instability. Therapeutic concentration ranges of NO should be delivered to the target tissue sites, cell, and even subcellular organelles and to control NO generation. Mitochondria have been considered a major target in cancer therapy for their essential roles in cancer cell metabolism and apoptosis. In this study, mesoporous silicon-coated gold nanorods encapsulated with a mitochondria targeted and the thermosensitive lipid layer (AuNR@MSN-lipid-DOX) served as the carrier to load NO prodrug (BNN6) to build the near-infrared-triggered synergetic photothermal NO-chemotherapy platform (AuNR@MSN(BNN6)-lipid-DOX). The core of AuNR@MSN exhibited excellent photothermal conversion capability and high loading efficiency in terms of BNN6, reaching a high value of 220 mg/g (w/w), which achieved near-infrared-triggered precise release of NO. The outer biocompatible lipid layer, comprising thermosensitive phospholipid DPPC and mitochondrial-targeted DSPE-PEG2000-DOX, guided the whole nanoparticle to the mitochondria of 4T1 cells observed through confocal microscopy. In the mitochondria, the nanoparticles increased the local temperature over 42 °C under NIR irradiation, and a high NO concentration from BNN6 detected by the NO probe and DSPE-PEG2000-DOX significantly inhibited 4T1 cancer cells in vitro and in vivo under the synergetic photothermal therapy (PTT)-NO therapy-chemotherapy modes. The built NIR-triggered combination therapy nanoplatform can serve as a strategy for multimodal collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jianyi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing 1000, China
| | - Jincan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Wenli Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing 1000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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Wang X, Luo L, Yang C, Wang Q, Wang P, Xu B, Yu Y. Disulfide bond network crosslinked flexible multifunctional chitosan coating on fabric surface prepared by the chitosan grafted with thioctic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130431. [PMID: 38403212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a novel approach to improve the performance of chitosan coating, and thioctic acid with disulfide bonds in its molecular structure was grafted onto the side groups of chitosan macromolecules. The introduction of disulfide bond network cross-linking structure in chitosan coating weakens hydrogen bonds between chitosan macromolecules, causing the macromolecular chains to be more prone to relative motion when subjected to external forces, ultimately improving flexibility of the coating. The modified chitosan becomes more suitable for antibacterial modification in smart wearable fabrics. Subsequently, we fabricated a smart wearable fabric with excellent antibacterial properties and strong electromagnetic shielding by employing the layer-by-layer spraying technique. This involved incorporating chitosan with disulfide bonds and MXene nanoparticles. The fabric surfaces containing chitosan with disulfide bonds exhibited enhanced flexibility compared to unmodified chitosan fabric, resulting in an 8-point improvement in tactile sensation ratings. This research presents a novel approach that simultaneously enhances the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and efficient antibacterial properties of smart wearable textiles. Consequently, it advances the application of chitosan in the field of antibacterial finishing for functional textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Laipeng Luo
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chunying Yang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Fang Z, Lin P, Gao R, Yang W, Zhou A, Yu W. Preparation, Characterization, and Anti-Lung Cancer Activity of Tetrandrine-Loaded Stealth Liposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:787-803. [PMID: 38293606 PMCID: PMC10825470 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s431599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tetrandrine (Tet), a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, is a potential candidate for cancer chemotherapy. However, Tet has poor aqueous solubility and a short half-life, which limits its bioavailability and efficacy. Liposomes have been widely utilized to enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of drugs. Methods In this study, Tet-loaded stealth liposomes (S-LPs@Tet) were prepared by ethanol injection method. Furthermore, physicochemical characterisation, biopharmaceutical behaviour, therapeutic efficacy, and biocompatibility of S-LPs@Tet were assessed. Results The prepared S-LPs@Tet had an average particle size of 65.57 ± 1.60 nm, a surface charge of -0.61 ± 0.10 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of 87.20% ± 1.30%. The S-LPs@Tet released Tet in a sustained manner, and the results demonstrated that the formulation remained stable for one month. More importantly, S-LPs significantly enhanced the inhibitory ability of Tet on the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells, and enabled Tet to escape phagocytosis by immune cells. Furthermore, in vivo studies confirmed the potential for long-circulation and potent tumor-suppressive effects of S-LPs@Tet. Moreover, ex vivo and in vivo safety experiments demonstrated that the carrier material S-LPs exhibited superior biocompatibility. Conclusion Our research suggested that S-LPs@Tet has potential applications in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peihong Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aizhen Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenying Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, People’s Republic of China
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Wang X, Wang Q, Wang P, Zhou M, Xu B, Liu Y, Yu Y. A soft multifunctional film from chitosan modified with disulfide bond cross-links and prepared by a simple method. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126774. [PMID: 37683753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan was modified with thioctic acid and used to prepare soft films. As confirmed by FTIR and XPS measurements, a condensation reaction occurred between the amino groups in the chitosan and the carboxyl groups in the lipoic acid to form amide bonds in the modified chitosan. Films were then prepared by casting at ambient conditions, and the effects of the chemical modification on the physical-mechanical, antibacterial, and thermal properties of the films were investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength, flexibility and recovery performance of the modified films were significantly different from those of the unmodified films. For example, the Young's modulus of a pure chitosan film was 2600 MPa, while the modified films were much more flexible with a Young's modulus as low as 32.5 MPa. Moreover, the modified chitosan films were not dissolved or damaged by common organic solvents or in highly acidic (pH 1) or highly basic (pH 13) conditions. The modified films also showed good antibacterial activity against both E coli and S aureus with inhibition rates of almost 100 %. These desirable properties suggest that the modified chitosan films prepared here have possible application prospects in flexible devices and packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Man Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Gajbhiye KR, Salve R, Narwade M, Sheikh A, Kesharwani P, Gajbhiye V. Lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles: a custom-tailored next-generation approach for cancer therapeutics. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:160. [PMID: 37784179 PMCID: PMC10546754 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based polymeric nanoparticles are the highly popular carrier systems for cancer drug therapy. But presently, detailed investigations have revealed their flaws as drug delivery carriers. Lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) are advanced core-shell nanoconstructs with a polymeric core region enclosed by a lipidic layer, presumed to be derived from both liposomes and polymeric nanounits. This unique concept is of utmost importance as a combinable drug delivery platform in oncology due to its dual structured character. To add advantage and restrict one's limitation by other, LPHNPs have been designed so to gain number of advantages such as stability, high loading of cargo, increased biocompatibility, rate-limiting controlled release, and elevated drug half-lives as well as therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing their drawbacks. The outer shell, in particular, can be functionalized in a variety of ways with stimuli-responsive moieties and ligands to provide intelligent holding and for active targeting of antineoplastic medicines, transport of genes, and theragnostic. This review comprehensively provides insight into recent substantial advancements in developing strategies for treating various cancer using LPHNPs. The bioactivity assessment factors have also been highlighted with a discussion of LPHNPs future clinical prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita R Gajbhiye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Erandwane, Pune, 411038, India
| | - Rajesh Salve
- Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, 411038, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Mahavir Narwade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Erandwane, Pune, 411038, India
| | - Afsana Sheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
- Center for Global health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Virendra Gajbhiye
- Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, 411038, India.
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
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Irinotecan-Loaded Polymeric Micelles as a Promising Alternative to Enhance Antitumor Efficacy in Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224905. [PMID: 36433032 PMCID: PMC9694340 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has been considered a worldwide public health problem since current treatments are often ineffective. Irinotecan is a frontline chemotherapeutic agent that has dose-limiting side effects that compromise its therapeutic potential. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel, targeted drug delivery system with high therapeutic efficacy and an improved safety profile. Here, micellar formulations composed of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethyleneglycol)-2000] (DSPE-mPEG2k) containing irinotecan were proposed as a strategy for colorectal cancer therapy. Firstly, the irinotecan-loaded micelles were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. Then, micelles were characterized in terms of size, polydispersity, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and release kinetics. Cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity were evaluated. The micelles showed size around 13 nm, zeta potential near neutral (-0.5 mV), and encapsulation efficiency around 68.5% (irinotecan 3 mg/mL) with a sustained drug release within the first 8 h. The micelles were evaluated in a CT26 tumor animal model showing inhibition of tumor growth (89%) higher than free drug (68.7%). Body weight variation, hemolytic activity, hematological, and biochemical data showed that, at the dose of 7.5 mg/kg, the irinotecan-loaded micelles have low toxicity. In summary, our findings provide evidence that DSPE-mPEG2k micelles could be considered potential carriers for future irinotecan delivery and their possible therapeutic application against colorectal cancer.
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Birlik Demirel G, Bayrak Ş. Ultrasound/redox/pH-responsive hybrid nanoparticles for triple-triggered drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ghosh B, Biswas S. Polymeric micelles in cancer therapy: State of the art. J Control Release 2021; 332:127-147. [PMID: 33609621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, polymeric micelles have been extensively utilized in pre-clinical studies for delivering poorly soluble chemotherapeutic agents in cancer. Polymeric micelles are formed via self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers in facile manners. The wide availability of hydrophobic and, to some extent, hydrophilic polymeric blocks allow researchers to explore various polymeric combinations for optimum loading, stability, systemic circulation, and delivery to the target cancer tissues. Moreover, polymeric micelles could easily be tailor-made by increasing and decreasing the number of monomers in each polymeric chain. Some of the widely accepted hydrophobic polymers are poly(lactide) (PLA), poly(caprolactone) (PCL), poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), polyesters, poly(amino acids), lipids. The hydrophilic polymers used to wrap the hydrophobic core are poly(ethylene glycol), poly(oxazolines), chitosan, dextran, and hyaluronic acids. Drugs could be conjugated to polymers at the distal ends to prepare pharmacologically active polymeric systems that impart enhanced solubility and stability of the conjugates and provide an opportunity for combination drug delivery. Their nano-size enables them to accumulate to the tumor microenvironment via the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect. Moreover, the stimuli-sensitive breakdown provides the micelles an effective means to deliver the therapeutic cargo effectively. The tumor micro-environmental stimuli are pH, hypoxia, and upregulated enzymes. Externally applied stimuli to destroy micellar disassembly to release the payload include light, ultrasound, and temperature. This article delineates the current trend in developing polymeric micelles combining various block polymeric scaffolds. The development of stimuli-sensitive micelles to achieve enhanced therapeutic activity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaram Ghosh
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Medchal, Hyderabad 500078, India.
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Martins YA, Fonseca MJV, Pavan TZ, Lopez RFV. Bifunctional Therapeutic Application of Low-Frequency Ultrasound Associated with Zinc Phthalocyanine-Loaded Micelles. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8075-8095. [PMID: 33116519 PMCID: PMC7586016 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s264528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a new therapeutic modality for the noninvasive cancer treatment based on the association of ultrasound and sonosensitizer drugs. Topical SDT requires the development of delivery systems to properly transport the sonosensitizer, such as zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), to the skin. In addition, the delivery system itself can participate in sonodynamic events and influence the therapeutic response. This study aimed to develop ZnPc-loaded micelle to evaluate its potential as a topical delivery system and as a cavitational agent for low-frequency ultrasound (LFU) application with the dual purpose of promoting ZnPc skin penetration and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) for SDT. Methods ZnPc-loaded micelles were developed by the thin-film hydration method and optimized using the Quality by Design approach. Micelles’ influence on LFU-induced cavitation activity was measured by potassium iodide dosimeter and aluminum foil pits experiments. In vitro skin penetration of ZnPc was assessed after pretreatment of the skin with LFU and simultaneous LFU treatment using ZnPc-loaded micelles as coupling media followed by 6 h of passive permeation of ZnPc-loaded micelles. The singlet oxygen generation by LFU irradiation of the micelles was evaluated using two different hydrophilic probes. The lipid peroxidation of the skin was estimated using the malondialdehyde assay after skin treatment with simultaneous LFU using ZnPc-loaded micelles. The viability of the B16F10 melanoma cell line was evaluated using resazurin after treatment with different concentrations of ZnPc-loaded micelles irradiated or not with LFU. Results The micelles increased the solubility of ZnPc and augmented the LFU-induced cavitation activity in two times compared to water. After 6 h ZnPc-loaded micelles skin permeation, simultaneous LFU treatment increased the amount of ZnPc in the dermis by more than 40 times, when compared to non-LFU-mediated treatment, and by almost 5 times, when compared to LFU pretreatment protocol. The LFU irradiation of micelles induced the generation of singlet oxygen, and the lipoperoxidation of the skin treated with the simultaneous LFU was enhanced in three times in comparison to the non-LFU-treated skin. A significant reduction in cell viability following treatment with ZnPc-loaded micelles and LFU was observed compared to blank micelles and non-LFU-treated control groups. Conclusion LFU-irradiated mice can be a potential approach to skin cancer treatment by combining the functions of increasing drug penetration and ROS generation required for SDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo A Martins
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Maria J V Fonseca
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Theo Z Pavan
- School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, 14090-900, Brazil
| | - Renata F V Lopez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
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Interlink between improved formulations, inhibitory concentrations and cell death mechanism investigations of cytotoxic drugs: What really matters? J Control Release 2020; 320:404-411. [PMID: 32032655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this article, IC50 concentrations derived from MTT assay for further evaluating of cell death induced by new formulations were discussed. This review attempts to introduce an enhanced approach for evaluation of cell death mechanisms based on routine cytotoxicity assays for anti-cancer medications. It is highly desirable for anti-cancer drugs to induce apoptotic cell death in order to have better efficacy and less complications. According to our previous results and other comparable studies, cell death mechanisms and phenotypes followed by cytotoxic drugs are rigorously concentration dependent; therefore, calculated IC50s obtained through cytotoxicity assays should be exactly employed for evaluating of cell death mechanisms. More appropriately, it is better to select concentrations which are closer to the efficient plasma levels for additional cell death evaluations. If enough amounts of new formulated materials are available, it is suggested to calculate and compare IC50s for old and improved formulations at different concentration ranges; otherwise, when materials are not sufficiently available or the toxicity of new formulation is not high enough to yield an IC50, then some specific point to point comparison between corresponding concentrations within a reasonable range should be made. Another important point is that IC50 values obtained via in vitro assays are frequently higher than in vivo or therapeutic plasma concentrations and it seems better to use improved formulation's IC50s which are more comparable to clinical plasma concentrations or consider IC25s of free drugs for determination of cell death mechanisms.
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Redox-Sensitive and Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Improving Breast Cancer Treatment by Cytoplasmic 17α-Methyltestosterone Delivery. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051181. [PMID: 32151062 PMCID: PMC7179432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel reduction-responsive hyaluronic acid–chitosan–lipoic acid nanoparticles (HACSLA-NPs) were designed and synthesized for effective treatment of breast cancer by targeting Cluster of Differentiation 44 (CD44)-overexpressing cells and reduction-triggered 17α-Methyltestosterone (MT) release for systemic delivery. The effectiveness of these nanoparticles was investigated by different assays, including release rate, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), caspase-3 activity, Rhodamine 123 (RH-123), and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). In vitro experiments revealed that Methyltestosterone/Hyaluronic acid–chitosan–lipoic acid nanoparticles (MT/HACSLA-NPs) illustrated a sustained drug release in the absence of glutathione (GSH), while the presence of GSH led to fast MT release. HACSLA-NPs also showed high cellular internalization via CD44 receptors, quick drug release inside the cells, and amended cytotoxicity against positive CD44 BT-20 breast cancer cell line as opposed to negative CD44, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell line. These findings supported that these novel reduction-responsive NPs can be promising candidates for efficient targeted delivery of therapeutics in cancer therapy.
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Lu Y, Gao X, Cao M, Wu B, Su L, Chen P, Miao J, Wang S, Xia R, Qian J. Interface crosslinked mPEG-b-PAGE-b-PCL triblock copolymer micelles with high stability for anticancer drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 189:110830. [PMID: 32045844 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The stability of polymeric micelles is a key property for anticancer drug delivery. In this study, a novel amphiphilic triblock copolymer, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(allyl glycidyl ether)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (mPEG-b-PAGE-b-PCL), with different hydrophobic lengths was designed and synthesized using the combination of two successive ring-opening polymerizations. The products were characterized using 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The triblock copolymers could self-assemble into micelles to encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX). The diameter of the DOX-loaded micelles increased from 63 to 92 nm with increasing PCL block length in the copolymer composition. The interface of the mPEG-b-PAGE-b-PCL micelles was crosslinked by a thiol-ene reaction with 1,4-butanedithiol. The stability, drug release and in vitro cytotoxicity of the DOX-loaded micelles were studied. The results showed that the DOX-loaded micelles could be effectively endocytosed by cancer cells and have good antitumor efficacy. In addition, the crosslinked micelles (CLMs) had better tumor accumulation than the noncrosslinked micelles (NCLMs) after intravenous injection using the lipophilic dye DiR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xuedi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ming Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lifen Su
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jibin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ru Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Jiasheng Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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Manivasagan P, Nguyen VT, Jun SW, Hoang G, Mondal S, Kim H, Doan VHM, Kim J, Kim CS, Oh J. Anti-EGFR antibody conjugated thiol chitosan-layered gold nanoshells for dual-modal imaging-guided cancer combination therapy. J Control Release 2019; 311-312:26-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Manivasagan P, Khan F, Hoang G, Mondal S, Kim H, Hoang Minh Doan V, Kim YM, Oh J. Thiol chitosan-wrapped gold nanoshells for near-infrared laser-induced photothermal destruction of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 225:115228. [PMID: 31521288 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Developing new antibacterial nanomaterials and novel therapeutic strategies for the destruction of human pathogenic bacteria that cause infectious diseases is becoming more crucial, because infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are becoming more and more difficult to be effectively cured with commercially available antibiotics. In this study, we successfully developed new thiol chitosan-wrapped gold nanoshells (TC-AuNSs) as an antibacterial agent for the near-infrared (NIR) laser-triggered photothermal destruction of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, such as Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), owing to their high water solubility, biocompatibility, strong NIR absorption, and outstanding photothermal properties. More interestingly, TC-AuNSs (115 μg/mL) were capable of completely destroying S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E.coli within 5 min of NIR laser irradiation, and no bacterial growth was detected on the tryptic soy agar (TSA) plate after 48 h of laser irradiation, indicating that TC-AuNSs along with laser irradiation are highly efficient and can kill bacteria quickly and prevent bacterial regrowth. We believe that TC-AuNSs deserve much more attention as an antibacterial agent, to be used in effectively combating pathogenic bacteria associated with public health problems and monitoring of environmental pollution for hygiene and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchanathan Manivasagan
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Giang Hoang
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudip Mondal
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyehyun Kim
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Vu Hoang Minh Doan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Oh
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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15
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PEG-derivatized birinapant as a nanomicellar carrier of paclitaxel delivery for cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110356. [PMID: 31319226 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel triblock amphiphilic copolymer (PAL-PEG-Birinapant) was designed and synthesized as a dual-functional micellar carrier utilizing birinapant (an inhibitor of inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins) as a pH-sensitive segment and inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins-targeting ligand. The mixed micelles comprised of PAL-PEG-Birinapant (PPB) and mPEG2k-PDLLA2k (MPP), named as PPB/MPP (2/1,w/w) micelles were developed for enhanced solubility and antitumor potency of hydrophobic drugs as paclitaxel (PTX). In vitro cell viability and cytotoxicity studies revealed that the PTX-loaded PPB/MPP micelles were more potent than the commercial PTX formulation (Taxol®), as well as the in vitro cell apoptosis study. Clear differences in the intracellular uptake of free coumarin-6 (C6) solution and C6-loaded PPB/MPP micelles were observed and indicated that the PPB/MPP micelles could efficiently deliver chemical compound into tumor cells. PPB copolymer and PTX-loaded PPB/MPP micelles demonstrated an excellent safety profile with a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of above 1.2 g copolymer/kg and above 100 mg PTX/kg in mice respectively in contrast to 20˜24 mg/kg of Taxol®. The near infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging showed that PPB/MPP micelles persisted for a relatively long time in the circulation and accumulated preferentially in tumor tissue. Moreover, PTX loaded PPB/MPP micelles significantly inhibited the tumor growth both in MDA-MB-231 and Ramos cancer xenograft mice models without obvious toxicity. Collectively, our study presents a new dual-functional micelles that improve the therapeutic efficacy of PTX in vitro and in vivo.
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16
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Chemical Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)-Grafted CdTe Nanocrystals via RAFT Polymerization for Covalent Immobilization of Adenosine. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11010077. [PMID: 30960061 PMCID: PMC6401988 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the functionalization of poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (PPEGMA)-grafted CdTe (PPEGMA-g-CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) via surface-initiated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (SI-RAFT) polymerization for immobilization of adenosine. Initially, the hydroxyl-coated CdTe QDs, synthesized using 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) as a capping agent, were coupled with a RAFT agent, S-benzyl S′-trimethoxysilylpropyltrithiocarbonate (BTPT), through a condensation reaction. Then, 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was used to successfully initiate in situ RAFT polymerization to generate PPEGMA-g-CdTe nanocomposites. Adenosine-above-PPEGMA-grafted CdTe (Ado-i-PPEGMA-g-CdTe) hybrids were formed by the polymer shell, which had successfully undergone bioconjugation and postfunctionalization by adenosine (as a nucleoside). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy results indicated that a robust covalent bond was created between the organic PPEGMA part, cadmium telluride (CdTe) QDs, and the adenosine conjugate. The optical properties of the PPEGMA-g-CdTe and Ado-i-PPEGMA-g-CdTe hybrids were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and the results suggest that they have a great potential for application as optimal materials in biomedicine.
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Silva DS, M Dos Santos D, Almeida A, Marchiori L, Campana-Filho SP, Ribeiro SJL, Sarmento B. N-(2-Hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium, O-Mysristoyl Chitosan Enhances the Solubility and Intestinal Permeability of Anticancer Curcumin. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040245. [PMID: 30463361 PMCID: PMC6320830 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An amphiphilic derivative of chitosan containing quaternary ammonium and myristoyl groups, herein named as ammonium myristoyl chitosan (DMCat), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and myristoyl chitosan (DMCh). The success of the modification was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The average degrees of alkylation and quaternization (DQ¯) were determined by using 1H NMR and conductometric titration. The zeta potential of the micelles was higher than 28 mV while its average size and encapsulation efficiency ranged from 280 nm to 375 nm and 68% to 100%, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the unloaded and curcumin (CUR)-loaded micelles was tested against Caco-2 and HT29-MTX intestinal epithelial cell lines. The results showed no cytotoxic effect from loaded and unloaded micelles as compared to free CUR. In the permeability test, it was observed that both types of micelles, i.e., DMCh and DMCat, improved CUR permeability. Additionally, higher permeability was verified for both systems in Caco-2/HT29-MTX:Raji B because of the mucoadhesive character of chitosan and its ability to open tight junctions. The results indicated that DMCat micelles, due to the physico-chemical, improved characteristics may be a promising carrier to encapsulate CUR aiming cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella S Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 4800-900, Brazil.
| | - Danilo M Dos Santos
- Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Andreia Almeida
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CESPU-Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Leonardo Marchiori
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 4800-900, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio P Campana-Filho
- Sao Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo-USP, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil.
| | - Sidney J L Ribeiro
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara 4800-900, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CESPU-Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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18
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Sun H, Cao D, Liu Y, Wang H, Ke X, Ci T. Low molecular weight heparin-based reduction-sensitive nanoparticles for antitumor and anti-metastasis of orthotopic breast cancer. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2172-2188. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00486b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis has become a major obstacle for the clinical treatment of malignant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Dinglingge Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Xue Ke
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Tianyuan Ci
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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