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Kambayashi A, Iida M, Ishihara M, Takahashi Y, Abrahamsson B, Charoo NA, Cristofoletti R, Langguth P, Mehta M, Parr A, Polli JE, Shah VP, Dressman J. Biowaiver Monograph for Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Raltegravir Potassium. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00309-5. [PMID: 39154736 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The present monograph discusses the possibility of BCS-based biowaivers for immediate release pharmaceutical products containing raltegravir potassium, which is used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Raltegravir potassium can be assigned to BCS class II or IV since this compound has low solubility and uncertain permeability. Therefore, according to the ICH M9 guideline, it is not recommended to apply BCS-based biowaiver to approval of immediate release solid dosage forms of raltegravir potassium, either for new generic versions or when moderate to major changes in composition and/or the manufacturing method of the product are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kambayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.
| | - Masaki Iida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Bertil Abrahamsson
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Naseem A Charoo
- Adcan Pharma LLC, Industrial City of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- Center for Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Peter Langguth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mehul Mehta
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Alan Parr
- Bioceutics LCC, Raleigh-Durham, NC, USA
| | - James E Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vinod P Shah
- Pharmaceutical Consultant, North Potomac, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Mushtaq M, Fatima K, Ahmad A, Mohamed Ibrahim O, Faheem M, Shah Y. Pharmacokinetic interaction of voriconazole and clarithromycin in Pakistani healthy male volunteers: a single dose, randomized, crossover, open-label study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1134803. [PMID: 37361220 PMCID: PMC10288581 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1134803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Voriconazole an antifungal drug, has a potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with administered drugs. Clarithromycin is a Cytochromes P450 CYP (3A4 and 2C19) enzyme inhibitor, and voriconazole is a substrate and inhibitor of these two enzymes. Being a substrate of the same enzyme for metabolism and transport, the chemical nature and pKa of both interacting drugs make these drugs better candidates for potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions (PK-DDIs). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of clarithromycin on the pharmacokinetic profile of voriconazole in healthy volunteers. Methods: A single oral dose, open-label, randomized, crossover study was designed for assessing PK-DDI in healthy volunteers, consisting of 2 weeks washout period. Voriconazole, either alone (2 mg × 200 mg, tablet, P/O) or along with clarithromycin (voriconazole 2 mg × 200 mg, tablet + clarithromycin 500 mg, tablet, P/O), was administered to enrolled volunteers in two sequences. The blood samples (approximately 3 cc) were collected from volunteers for up to 24 h. Plasma concentrations of voriconazole were analyzed by an isocratic, reversed-phase high-performance-liquid chromatography ultraviolet-visible detector (RP HPLC UV-Vis) and a non-compartmental method. Results: In the present study, when voriconazole was administered with clarithromycin versus administered alone, a significant increase in peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of voriconazole by 52% (geometric mean ratio GMR: 1.52; 90% CI 1.04, 1.55; p = 0.000) was observed. Similarly, the area under the curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) and the area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to time-t (AUC0-t) of voriconazole also significantly increased by 21% (GMR: 1.14; 90% CI 9.09, 10.02; p = 0.013), and 16% (GMR: 1.15; 90% CI 8.08, 10.02; p = 0.007), respectively. In addition, the results also showed a reduction in the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) by 23% (GMR: 0.76; 90% CI 5.00, 6.20; p = 0.051), and apparent clearance (CL) by 13% (GMR: 0.87; 90% CI 41.95, 45.73; p = 0.019) of voriconazole. Conclusion: The alterations in PK parameters of voriconazole after concomitant administration of clarithromycin are of clinical significance. Therefore, adjustments in dosage regimens are warranted. In addition, extreme caution and therapeutic drug monitoring are necessary while co-prescribing both drugs. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT05380245.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Mushtaq
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kshaf Fatima
- University Medical and Dental College, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneeqa Ahmad
- Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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3
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Mohammadi F, Moradi A, Tavakoli F, Rahmati S, Giti R, Ramezani V. Development and characterization of a copolymeric micelle containing soluble and insoluble model drugs. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286251. [PMID: 37228096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Micelles are nano-sized particles with a core-shell structure that are made by natural or synthetic polymers or copolymers. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a copolymeric micelle using two polymers loaded with hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. METHODS Poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL) were used to form a copolymeric micelle which was further loaded with either moxifloxacin or clarithromycin as hydrophilic and lipophilic drug samples, respectively. Characterization tests were done including fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, encapsulation efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, transmission electron microscopy, and in-vitro release test. RESULTS The construction of the copolymer was confirmed by the results of FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy tests. The encapsulation efficiency test exhibited that loading was about 50% for twelve formulations. Particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of monodispersed, uniform, and nano-sized micelles with a few negative charges. The kinetic model of release was fitted to the Higuchi model. CONCLUSIONS Polymeric micelles consisting of PEG-PCL copolymer were loaded with adequate concentrations of hydrophilic (moxifloxacin) and lipophilic (clarithromycin) model drugs, with a mean particle size under 300 nm. Therefore, copolymeric micelles can be used as a suitable drug delivery system for mucous membranes and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Moradi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tavakoli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Yazd, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rahmati
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Yazd, Iran
| | - Rashin Giti
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Vahid Ramezani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Yazd, Iran
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Best practices in current models mimicking drug permeability in the gastrointestinal tract - an UNGAP review. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 170:106098. [PMID: 34954051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The absorption of orally administered drug products is a complex, dynamic process, dependent on a range of biopharmaceutical properties; notably the aqueous solubility of a molecule, stability within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and permeability. From a regulatory perspective, the concept of high intestinal permeability is intrinsically linked to the fraction of the oral dose absorbed. The relationship between permeability and the extent of absorption means that experimental models of permeability have regularly been used as a surrogate measure to estimate the fraction absorbed. Accurate assessment of a molecule's intestinal permeability is of critical importance during the pharmaceutical development process of oral drug products, and the current review provides a critique of in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo approaches. The usefulness of in silico models to predict drug permeability is also discussed and an overview of solvent systems used in permeability assessments is provided. Studies of drug absorption in humans are an indirect indicator of intestinal permeability, but in vitro and ex vivo tools provide initial screening approaches are important tools for direct assessment of permeability in drug development. Continued refinement of the accuracy of in silico approaches and their validation with human in vivo data will facilitate more efficient characterisation of permeability earlier in the drug development process and will provide useful inputs for integrated, end-to-end absorption modelling.
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Zhang RX, Dong K, Wang Z, Miao R, Lu W, Wu XY. Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Strategies to Address Intestinal Cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 Metabolism towards Personalized Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1261. [PMID: 34452222 PMCID: PMC8399842 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug dosing in clinical practice, which determines optimal efficacy, toxicity or ineffectiveness, is critical to patients' outcomes. However, many orally administered therapeutic drugs are susceptible to biotransformation by a group of important oxidative enzymes, known as cytochrome P450s (CYPs). In particular, CYP3A4 is a low specificity isoenzyme of the CYPs family, which contributes to the metabolism of approximately 50% of all marketed drugs. Induction or inhibition of CYP3A4 activity results in the varied oral bioavailability and unwanted drug-drug, drug-food, and drug-herb interactions. This review explores the need for addressing intestinal CYP3A4 metabolism and investigates the opportunities to incorporate lipid-based oral drug delivery to enable precise dosing. A variety of lipid- and lipid-polymer hybrid-nanoparticles are highlighted to improve drug bioavailability. These drug carriers are designed to target different intestinal regions, including (1) local saturation or inhibition of CYP3A4 activity at duodenum and proximal jejunum; (2) CYP3A4 bypass via lymphatic absorption; (3) pH-responsive drug release or vitamin-B12 targeted cellular uptake in the distal intestine. Exploitation of lipidic nanosystems not only revives drugs removed from clinical practice due to serious drug-drug interactions, but also provide alternative approaches to reduce pharmacokinetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xue Zhang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China; (R.X.Z.); (R.M.); (W.L.)
| | - Ken Dong
- Advanced Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada;
| | - Zhigao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210003, China;
| | - Ruimin Miao
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China; (R.X.Z.); (R.M.); (W.L.)
| | - Weijia Lu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China; (R.X.Z.); (R.M.); (W.L.)
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada;
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Hu Y, Guo Y, Li B, Xu R, Fang X, Cao Y, Liu Z, Jiang C, Lu S. Influence of the p K a Value of Cinnamic Acid and P-Hydroxycinnamic Acid on the Solubility of a Lurasidone Hydrochloride-Based Coamorphous System. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3106-3119. [PMID: 33553927 PMCID: PMC7860058 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coamorphization of a poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) has been proven to be effective in improving its solubility. Generally, API can form multiple coamorphous systems with different coformers. However, it remains unclear how the pK a value of different coformers influences the solubility of the API. In this study, structurally related cinnamic acid (CA, pK a = 4.37) and p-hydroxycinnamic acid (pHCA, pK a = 4.65) were chosen as coformers for the coamorphization of lurasidone hydrochloride (LH). To investigate the influence of the pK a value of the coformers on the solubility of LH, LH-CA/pHCA coamorphous systems were prepared by the vacuum rotary evaporation method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the intermolecular interaction of the coamorphous systems. It was found that the solubility of LH in the coamorphous LH-pHAC with a higher-pK a coformer was higher than that of the coamorphous LH-CA. In addition, according to the solubility product principle-based formula derivation, we established the functional relationship between the solubility of LH and the pK a of the coformers at different-pH buffering solution. It was found that the coformer with a larger pK a value would be more beneficial to improve the solubility profile of LH. Collectively, the current study offers an effective strategy to improve the poor solubility of drugs by increasing the pK a value of the coformer in coamorphous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yujie Guo
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Renjie Xu
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Fang
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yan Cao
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Zifan Liu
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
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Fattah S, Ismaiel M, Murphy B, Rulikowska A, Frias JM, Winter DC, Brayden DJ. Salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) enhances permeability of octreotide across isolated rat and human intestinal epithelial mucosae in Ussing chambers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 154:105509. [PMID: 32777258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Octreotide is approved as a one-month injectable for treatment of acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumours. Oral delivery of the octapeptide is a challenge due mainly to low intestinal epithelial permeability. The intestinal permeation enhancer (PE) salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) has Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) status and is a component of an approved oral peptide formulation. The purpose of the study was to examine the capacity of salcaprozate sodium (SNAC), to increase its permeability across isolated rat intestinal mucosae from five regions and across human colonic mucosae mounted in Ussing chambers. Apical-side buffers were Kreb's-Henseleit (KH), fasted simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF-V2), rat simulated intestinal fluid (rSIF), and colonic simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSCoF). The basal apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of [3H]-octreotide was equally low across rat intestinal regional mucosae in KH, rSIF, and FaSSIF-V2. Apical addition of 20 mM SNAC increased the Papp across rat tissue in KH: colon (by 3.2-fold) > ileum (3.4-fold) > upper jejunum (2.3-fold) > duodenum (1.4-fold) > stomach (1.4-fold). 20 mM and 40 mM SNAC also increased the Papp by 1.5-fold and 2.1-fold respectively across human colonic mucosae in KH. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values were reduced in the presence in SNAC especially in colonic regions. LC-MS/MS analysis of permeated unlabelled octreotide across human colonic mucosae in the presence of SNAC indicated that [3H]-octreotide remained intact. No gross damage was caused to rat or human mucosae by SNAC. Attenuation of the effects of SNAC was seen in rat jejunal mucosae incubated with FaSSIF-V2 and rSIF, and also to some extent in human colonic mucosae using FaSSCoF, suggesting interaction between SNAC with buffer components. In conclusion, SNAC showed potential as an intestinal permeation enhancer for octreotide, but in vivo efficacy may be attenuated by interactions with GI luminal fluid contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarinj Fattah
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Conway Institute, and Science Foundation Ireland CÚRAM Centre for Medical Devices, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Mohamed Ismaiel
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brenda Murphy
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aleksandra Rulikowska
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute. Technological University of Dublin, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Jesus M Frias
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute. Technological University of Dublin, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Desmond C Winter
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Conway Institute, and Science Foundation Ireland CÚRAM Centre for Medical Devices, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Six years of progress in the oral biopharmaceutics area – A summary from the IMI OrBiTo project. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 152:236-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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The use of quantitative analysis and Hansen solubility parameter predictions for the selection of excipients for lipid nanocarriers to be loaded with water soluble and insoluble compounds. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:308-315. [PMID: 32194332 PMCID: PMC7078564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of these studies was to determine the miscibility of different API with lipid excipients to predict drug loading and encapsulation properties for the production of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers. Five API exhibiting different physicochemical characteristics, viz., clarithromycin, efavirenz, minocycline hydrochloride, mometasone furoate, and didanosine were used and six solid lipids in addition to four liquid lipids were investigated. Determination of solid and liquid lipids with the best solubilization potential for each API were performed using a traditional shake-flask method and/or a modification thereof. Hansen solubility parameters of the API and different solid and liquid lipids were estimated from their chemical structure using Hiroshi Yamamoto’s molecular breaking method of Hansen Solubility Parameters in Practice software. Experimental results were in close agreement with solubility parameter predictions for systems with ΔδT < 4.0 MPa1/2. A combination of Hansen solubility parameters with experimental drug-lipid miscibility tests can be successfully applied to predict lipids with the best solubilizing potential for different API prior to manufacture of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers.
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10
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Shi NQ, Wang SR, Zhang Y, Huo JS, Wang LN, Cai JH, Li ZQ, Xiang B, Qi XR. Hot melt extrusion technology for improved dissolution, solubility and “spring-parachute” processes of amorphous self-micellizing solid dispersions containing BCS II drugs indomethacin and fenofibrate: Profiles and mechanisms. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 130:78-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Butler J, Hens B, Vertzoni M, Brouwers J, Berben P, Dressman J, Andreas CJ, Schaefer KJ, Mann J, McAllister M, Jamei M, Kostewicz E, Kesisoglou F, Langguth P, Minekus M, Müllertz A, Schilderink R, Koziolek M, Jedamzik P, Weitschies W, Reppas C, Augustijns P. In vitro models for the prediction of in vivo performance of oral dosage forms: Recent progress from partnership through the IMI OrBiTo collaboration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 136:70-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Alkhalidi BA, AlKhatib HS, Saleh M, Hamed S, Bustanji Y, Al Bujuq N, Najib N, Torrado-Susana S, Sallam AS. Clarithromycin laurate salt: physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics after oral administration in humans. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:607-615. [PMID: 30472902 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1547749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prepare and characterize the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of clarithromycin laurate (CLM-L), a fatty acid salt of clarithromycin (CLM). METHODS CLM-L was prepared by a simple co-melting process. The formation of CLM-L was confirmed using FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. Solubility, intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR), and partitioning properties of CLM-L were determined and compared to those of CLM. Bioavailability of CLM from CLM-L tablets was evaluated in healthy volunteers and compared to immediate release CLM tablets. RESULTS CLM-L showed lower aqueous solubility, higher partitioning coefficient, and slower dissolution rate. Tablets of CLM-L also showed a significantly slower in vitro release in comparison to CLM tablets. Cmax, Tmax and AUC0→∞ of CLM-L tablets and immediate release CLM tablets did not show a significant difference. However, the AUC0→∞ for the CLM-L tablets tended to be higher than that of CLM tablets at all-time points. CONCLUSION CLM-L was successfully prepared and its formation was confirmed. CLM-L was more hydrophobic than CLM. It exhibited a slight in vivo absorption enhancement in comparison to CLM. However, its pharmacokinetic behavior was comparable to that of CLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar A Alkhalidi
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy , University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| | - Hatim S AlKhatib
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy , University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| | - Mohammad Saleh
- b Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy , University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| | - Saja Hamed
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hashemite University , Zarqa , Jordan
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- b Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy , University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| | - Nader Al Bujuq
- d Department of Chemistry , Taibah University , Medina , Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji Najib
- e International Pharmaceutical Research Center (IPRC) , Amman , Jordan
| | - Susana Torrado-Susana
- f Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial , Universidad Complutense , Madrid , Spain
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Li J, Tsinman K, Tsinman O, Wigman L. Using pH Gradient Dissolution with In-Situ Flux Measurement to Evaluate Bioavailability and DDI for Formulated Poorly Soluble Drug Products. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2898-2907. [PMID: 30209787 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study described a pH-gradient dissolution method combined with flux measurements as an in vitro tool for assessing the risk of bioavailability reduction due to drug-drug interactions (DDI) caused by acid reducing agents (ARAs). The device incorporates absorption chambers into USP II dissolution vessels, with fiber optic UV-probes monitoring concentration in situ. Dosage forms of Genentech BCS class II drugs, GDC-0810, GDC-0941, and compound A, were tested by starting the dissolution in either pH 1.6 or pH 4.0 media then converting to FaSSIF after 30 min. GDC-0810 showed no significant difference in flux between the two conversion experiments. A supersaturation phase was observed for GDC-0941 in the pH 1.6 experiments after media conversion to FaSSIF; however, it did not appear to occur in the pH 4.0 experiment due to low drug solubility at pH 4.0, resulting in a 95% decrease in flux compared to pH 1.6 experiment. The extent of flux reduction and the total accumulated API mass in the absorption chamber agreed well with the 89% reduction in mean Cmax and the 82% reduction in mean AUC from dog PK study between animals treated with pentagastrin and famotidine. Testing of the compound A optimized formulation tablets showed a 25% reduction in flux and in vitro absorbed amount by changing pH 1.6 to 4.0, correlating well with the AUC decrease in clinical studies. Good correlation between in vitro data and in vivo PK data demonstrated the applicability of the method for formulators to develop drug products mitigating DDI from ARAs.
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Tsinman K, Tsinman O, Lingamaneni R, Zhu S, Riebesehl B, Grandeury A, Juhnke M, Van Eerdenbrugh B. Ranking Itraconazole Formulations Based on the Flux through Artificial Lipophilic Membrane. Pharm Res 2018; 35:161. [PMID: 29926245 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of the study was to evaluate a miniaturized dissolution-permeation apparatus (μFLUX™ apparatus) for its ability to benchmark several itraconazole (ITZ) formulations for which in vivo PK data was available in the literature. METHOD Untreated and micronized powders of ITZ and various enabling formulations of ITZ (commercial Sporanox® solid dispersion, a Soluplus®-based solid dispersion and a nanosuspension) were introduced to the donor compartment of μFLUX™ apparatus. Donor and acceptor chambers were divided from each other by a lipophilic membrane. In addition to the flux evaluations, changes in solid state as a function of time were investigated to gain further insight into the flux changes observed over time for the solid dispersion formulations. RESULTS Initial flux values from Sporanox®, the nanosuspension and the micronized ITZ showed ratios of 52/4/1 with a decreasing flux from nanosuspension and both solid dispersions after 2.5-3 h. Although the initial flux from the Soluplus® formulation was 2.2 times lower than the one observed for Sporanox®, the decrease in flux observed was milder and became ~ 2 times higher than Sporanox® after approximately 2.5 h. The total amounts of ITZ in the receiver compartment after 240 min showed the same rank order as the rodent AUCs of these formulations reported in literature. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that in vitro flux measurements using lipophilic artificial membranes could correctly reproduce the rank order of PK results for ITZ formulations. The drop in flux over time for solid dispersions could be backed by experimental indications of crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oksana Tsinman
- Pion Inc., 10 Cook St, Billerica, Massachusetts, 01821, USA
| | | | - Saijie Zhu
- Technical R&D Shangai Novartis Trading Ltd., Novartis Pharma AG, Shangai, China
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Uchiyama H, Nogami S, Katayama K, Hayashi K, Kadota K, Tozuka Y. Jelly containing composite based on α-glucosyl stevia and polyvinylpyrrolidone: Improved dissolution property of curcumin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 117:48-54. [PMID: 29428541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lock JY, Carlson TL, Carrier RL. Mucus models to evaluate the diffusion of drugs and particles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 124:34-49. [PMID: 29117512 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a complex hydrogel that acts as a natural barrier to drug delivery at different mucosal surfaces including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and vaginal tracts. To elucidate the role mucus plays in drug delivery, different in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo mucus models and techniques have been utilized. Drug and drug carrier diffusion can be studied using various techniques in either isolated mucus gels or mucus present on cell cultures and tissues. The species, age, and potential disease state of the animal from which mucus is derived can all impact mucus composition and structure, and therefore impact drug and drug carrier diffusion. This review provides an overview of the techniques used to characterize drug and drug carrier diffusion, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the different models available to highlight the information they can afford.
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