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Zafar R, Rehman IU, Shah Y, Ming LC, Goh HP, Goh KW. Comparative analysis of potential drug-drug interactions in a public and private hospital among chronic kidney disease patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A retrospective cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291417. [PMID: 37773947 PMCID: PMC10540949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health challenge due to its rising incidence, mortality, and morbidity. Patients with kidney diseases often suffer from various comorbid conditions, making them susceptible to potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) due to polypharmacy and multiple prescribers. Inappropriate prescriptions for CKD patients and their consequences in the form of pDDIs are a major challenge in Pakistan. AIM This study aimed to compare the incidence and associated risk factors of pDDIs among a public and private sector hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. METHOD A retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted to compare pDDIs among public and private sector hospitals from January 2023 to February 2023. Patients profile data for the full year starting from January 1 2022 to December 302022, was accessed All adult patients aged 18 years and above, of both genders, who currently have or have previously been diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were included. For assessing pDDIs, patient data was retrieved and checked using Lexicomp UpToDate® for severity and documentation of potential drug-drug interactions. RESULTS A total of 358 patients' data was retrieved (with n = 179 in each hospital); however, due to incomplete data, n = 4 patients were excluded from the final analysis. The prevalence of pDDIs was found to be significantly higher in private hospitals (84.7%) than in public hospitals (26.6%), with a p-value <0.001. Patients in the age category of 41-60 years (AOR = 6.2; p = 0.008) and those prescribed a higher number of drugs (AOR = 1.2; p = 0.027) were independently associated with pDDIs in private hospitals, while the higher number of prescribed drugs (AOR = 2.9; p = <0.001) was an independent risk factor for pDDIs in public hospitals. The majority of pDDIs (79.0%) were of moderate severity, and a significant number of patients (15.1%) also experienced major pDDIs, with a p-value <0.001. The majority of pDDIs had fair documentation for reliability rating in both public and private hospitals. CONCLUSION The prevalence of pDDIs was higher among CKD patients at private hospitals, and most of the pDDIs were of moderate severity. A considerable number of patients also experienced major pDDIs. The risk of experiencing pDDIs was found to be higher in older patients and among those prescribed a higher number of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roheena Zafar
- Department of Pharmacy, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, North West General Hospital and Research Center, Hayatabad Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Inayat Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Hui Poh Goh
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
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Zafar R, Rehman IU, Shah Y, Ali Z, Ming LC, Khan TM. Knowledge, attitude and perceptions of pharmacists regarding renal dose adjustment among chronic kidney disease patients in Pakistan. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:102. [PMID: 37726861 PMCID: PMC10507879 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant public health challenge. CKD patients have compromised renal function, which not only alters the pharmacokinetics of drugs but also their pharmacodynamics. Adjusting drug doses for these patients is essential to achieve the intended clinical outcomes, prevent adverse drug events, and halt further progression of the disease. Pharmacists play a pivotal role in ensuring safe and appropriate therapy for CKD patients. However, there is a noticeable absence of national dosing guidelines for CKD in Pakistan, coupled with a scarcity of studies exploring the knowledge, attitude, and perception of renal dose adjustments in the country. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of pharmacists in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and Islamabad regarding renal dose adjustments. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted to gauge the knowledge, attitude, and perception of pharmacists working in various cities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the capital city, Islamabad, from February to May 2023. The Renal Dosing Questionnaire-13 (RDQ-13) scale was employed for this purpose. The survey link was disseminated through emails, and the RDQ-13 scale was also completed in person by pharmacists from hospitals, clinics, community, and retail settings who interact with CKD patients. Univariate linear regression was employed, and factors with a p value < 0.25 were subjected to multivariate linear regression. For comparing knowledge, attitude, and perception scores of pharmacists, the independent t test and one-way ANOVA were utilized as appropriate. A p value < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. RESULTS Of the 384 pharmacists approached, 270 completed the RDQ-13 scale, resulting in a response rate of 70.3%. The overall knowledge score regarding renal dose adjustment was 21.24 ± 2.18 (mean ± SD). Attitude scores averaged at 10.04 ± 1.81, and perception scores at 7.19 ± 2.15. Multivariate analysis indicated a positive correlation between the pharmacists' perception scores and gender, with male pharmacists scoring higher than their female counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The study underscores the importance of instituting targeted training programs for pharmacists, ensuring access to dependable resources, and promoting research and results dissemination in the realm of renal pharmacotherapy to enhance public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roheena Zafar
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Northwest General Hospital and Research Centre, Peshawar, 25100, Pakistan.
| | - Inayat Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Mehmood Khan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Abbas M, Alossaimi MA, Altamimi ASA, Alajaji M, Watson DG, Shah SI, Shah Y, Anwar MS. Determination of α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentration by HPLC in patients following local infiltration analgesia for primary total hip arthroplasty and its relation to ropivacaine (total and unbound). Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1145962. [PMID: 37456752 PMCID: PMC10345198 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1145962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study was performed to determine the levels of α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) in old-age patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. AGP is considered an acute phase protein produced during the acute phase reaction in the body to various stimuli; their proper monitoring is thus important. Methods: In order to study how AGP concentrations in old age patients change in response to surgical stress (total hip arthroplasty), a high-performance liquid chromatography assay was performed to measure AGP levels. AGP was isolated from the plasma by adding perchloric acid and was analyzed using PLRP-S 4000°A column. The mobile phase consisted of 1 mL TFA/L of water (Solvent A pH 2) and 1 mL TFA/L of acetonitrile (Solvent B). The gradient used was as follows: 0 min 18% B and 82% A, 15 min 60% B and 40% A, and 17 min 60% B and 40% A followed by column re-equilibration for 7 min before the next injection. AGP peak was obtained between 8.8 and 8.9 min. The method was fully optimised according to established guidelines. Results: The data obtained were analyzed on ChromQuest software. AGP concentrations were determined in all samples, including baseline and samples taken at different timed intervals. The peak for AGP was obtained between 8.8 and 8.9 min for both standard AGP and patient plasma. The graphs indicate that AGP concentration in almost all patient samples increased considerably, especially after 4 h and 24 h-for example, initial concentration in patient 1 was 10.36 mg/100 mL but, after 24 h, increased to 23.50 mg/100 mL. There was thus almost a 13 mg/100 mL increase in 24 h, which is confirmed by AGP concentration increasing after various conditions, including surgery. The increased plasma protein binding was comparatively associated with the unchanged free fraction of the drug. Conclusion: This surgically induced increase in AGP concentration resulted in increased plasma protein binding of the drug (ropivacaine), which in turn kept the free portion of ropivacaine stable during the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Manal A. Alossaimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Alajaji
- College of Pharmacy, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David G. Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sayyed I. Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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Mushtaq M, Fatima K, Ahmad A, Mohamed Ibrahim O, Faheem M, Shah Y. Pharmacokinetic interaction of voriconazole and clarithromycin in Pakistani healthy male volunteers: a single dose, randomized, crossover, open-label study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1134803. [PMID: 37361220 PMCID: PMC10288581 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1134803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Voriconazole an antifungal drug, has a potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with administered drugs. Clarithromycin is a Cytochromes P450 CYP (3A4 and 2C19) enzyme inhibitor, and voriconazole is a substrate and inhibitor of these two enzymes. Being a substrate of the same enzyme for metabolism and transport, the chemical nature and pKa of both interacting drugs make these drugs better candidates for potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions (PK-DDIs). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of clarithromycin on the pharmacokinetic profile of voriconazole in healthy volunteers. Methods: A single oral dose, open-label, randomized, crossover study was designed for assessing PK-DDI in healthy volunteers, consisting of 2 weeks washout period. Voriconazole, either alone (2 mg × 200 mg, tablet, P/O) or along with clarithromycin (voriconazole 2 mg × 200 mg, tablet + clarithromycin 500 mg, tablet, P/O), was administered to enrolled volunteers in two sequences. The blood samples (approximately 3 cc) were collected from volunteers for up to 24 h. Plasma concentrations of voriconazole were analyzed by an isocratic, reversed-phase high-performance-liquid chromatography ultraviolet-visible detector (RP HPLC UV-Vis) and a non-compartmental method. Results: In the present study, when voriconazole was administered with clarithromycin versus administered alone, a significant increase in peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of voriconazole by 52% (geometric mean ratio GMR: 1.52; 90% CI 1.04, 1.55; p = 0.000) was observed. Similarly, the area under the curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) and the area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to time-t (AUC0-t) of voriconazole also significantly increased by 21% (GMR: 1.14; 90% CI 9.09, 10.02; p = 0.013), and 16% (GMR: 1.15; 90% CI 8.08, 10.02; p = 0.007), respectively. In addition, the results also showed a reduction in the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) by 23% (GMR: 0.76; 90% CI 5.00, 6.20; p = 0.051), and apparent clearance (CL) by 13% (GMR: 0.87; 90% CI 41.95, 45.73; p = 0.019) of voriconazole. Conclusion: The alterations in PK parameters of voriconazole after concomitant administration of clarithromycin are of clinical significance. Therefore, adjustments in dosage regimens are warranted. In addition, extreme caution and therapeutic drug monitoring are necessary while co-prescribing both drugs. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT05380245.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Mushtaq
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kshaf Fatima
- University Medical and Dental College, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneeqa Ahmad
- Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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Abu-Izneid T, Abbas M, Watson DG, Shah Y, Shah SI, Khuda F. Estimation of dihydroartemisinin in human plasma using a highly sensitive LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer with Xcalibur software. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1157604. [PMID: 37284315 PMCID: PMC10239939 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1157604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Artemether (ARM), the O-methyl ether prodrug of dihydroartemisinin (DHA), is considered a first-line antimalarial agent. Artemether is extensively metabolized in vivo to its active metabolite DHA, and therefore its determination offers considerable difficulties. In the present study, DHA identification and estimation were accurately performed by the mass spectrometric analysis, using a high-resolution liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) LTQ Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer. Methods: The plasma samples were taken from healthy volunteers, and the spiked plasma was extracted by adding 1 mL of a mixture of dichloromethane and tert.-methyl butyl ether (8:2 v/v) to 0.5 mL of plasma. The internal standard solution (artemisinin 500 ng/mL) was added to the plasma samples. After vertexing and centrifugation, the organic layer was separated and transferred into another tube and dried under nitrogen. The residue was reconstituted in 100 μL of acetonitrile and was injected onto the LC-MS system for analysis. Measurement of standards and samples was carried out isocratically on a Surveyor HPLC system combined with an LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer using an ACE 5 C18-PFP column. Mobile phase A consisted of 0.1% v/v formic acid in water, Mobile phase B consisted of acetonitrile only, and isocratic elution was carried out with A:B 20:80, v/v. The flow rate was 500 μL/min. The ESI interface was operated in a positive ion mode with a spray voltage of 4.5 kV. Results: Artemether is not a very biologically stable compound and is immediately metabolized to its active metabolite dihydroartemisinin, so no clear peak was observed for artemether. Both artemether and DHA after ionization undergo neutral losses of methanol and water, respectively, in the source of the mass spectrometer. The ions observed were (MH-H2O) m/z 267.15 for DHA and (MH-m/z 283.15 for internal standard artemisinin. The method was validated according to international guidelines. Discussion: The validated method was applied successfully for the determination and quantification of DHA in plasma samples. This method works well for the extraction of drugs, and the Orbitrap system with the help of Xcalibur software accurately and precisely determines the concentration of DHA in spiked as well as volunteer's plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - David G. Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sayyed I. Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Khuda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Gauthier K, Piovesan D, Ramakirshnan S, Cho S, Lawson K, Liao K, Foster P, Cheng T, Shah Y, Walters M. 56P Inhibition of HIF-2α-dependent transcription with small molecule inhibitors may provide therapeutic benefit beyond renal cell carcinoma. ESMO Open 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Bukhari H, Ahmad A, Noorin A, Khan A, Mushtaq M, Naeem A, Iqbal MR, Naureen F, Shah Y, Qayyum A, Munib S, Azhar A, Ullah F, Khan FFS. Association of Anemia with Parathyroid Hormone Levels and Other Factors in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional, Real-World Data Study in Pakistan. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:7418857. [PMID: 36815007 PMCID: PMC9940945 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7418857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are mostly managed with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). ESRD patients on MHD also present with many complications, such as anemia, hyperparathyroidism, and hepatitis prevalence. This study depicts the real-world scenario of anemia among MHD and end-stage renal disease patients in the Pakistani population. A retrospective, multicentric, and real-world data analytical study was conducted at 4 dialysis centers in Pakistan. The study had a sample size of n = 342 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. The data were gathered from the medical records of patients. Data analysis was performed using STATA Version 16. Statistical significance was gauged at a 0.05 level of significance. According to our results, the mean age of the patients was 45 (±15) years. Most of the patients were male (n = 234, 68.4%), whereas 58.1% of the patients were maintained on twice-weekly hemodialysis. The most commonly reported comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The frequency of dialysis (P < 0.01) and comorbidities (P = 0.009) had a significant association with anemia in MHD patients. The majority of the patients had hyperparathyroidism (52%) with anemia. Upon performing binary logistic regression, multivariate analysis displayed a similar odds value for having anemia in patients with every additional month in the duration of hemodialysis (OR 1.01, P = 0.001), the odds of anemic patients having a positive antihepatitis-C antibody (OR 2.22, P = 0.013), and the odds of having anemia in patients in the age category below 45 years (OR 1.93, P = 0.013). In conclusion, the study results depict that every additional month in the duration of hemodialysis, age (<45 years), and positive anti-HCV antibody status, these variables were more likely to have anemia in our study MHD patients. While in our final multivariate model, no statistically significant association was observed between hyperparathyroidism and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humera Bukhari
- Nephrology Ward, Jinnah Teaching Hospital, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Aneeqa Ahmad
- District Headquarters DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Amna Noorin
- Peshawar Institute of Cardiology -M.T. I, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Aimal Khan
- Northwest General Hospital and Research Center, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Mushtaq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Naeem
- Consultant Physician in Endocrinology, Madinat Zayed Hospital SEHA Abu Dhabi Health Services, Abu-Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Faiza Naureen
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ahad Qayyum
- Nephrology Ward, Bahria International Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Munib
- Nephrology Ward, Institute of Kidney Disease Hayatabad Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Amer Azhar
- Nephrology Ward, Khyber Teaching Hospital M. T. I., Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ullah
- Nephrology Ward, Khyber Teaching Hospital M. T. I., Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Jan A, Ali S, Muhammad B, Arshad A, Shah Y, Bahadur H, Khan H, Khuda F, Akbar R, Ijaz K. Decoding type 2 diabetes mellitus genetic risk variants in Pakistani Pashtun ethnic population using the nascent whole exome sequencing and MassARRAY genotyping: A case-control association study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281070. [PMID: 36730981 PMCID: PMC9882913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have greatly increased the number of T2DM associated risk variants but most of them have focused on populations of European origin. There is scarcity of such studies in developing countries including Pakistan. High prevalence of T2DM in Pakistani population prompted us to design this study. We have devised a two stage (the discovery stage and validation stage) case-control study in Pashtun ethnic population in which 500 T2DM cases and controls each have been recruited to investigate T2DM genetic risk variants. In discovery stage Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was used to identify and suggest T2DM pathogenic SNPs, based on SIFT and Polyphen scores; whereas in validation stage the selected variants were confirmed for T2DM association using MassARRAY genotyping and appropriate statistical tests. Results of the study showed the target positive association of rs1801282/PPARG (OR = 1.24, 95%Cl = 1.20-1.46, P = 0.010), rs745975/HNF4A (OR = 1.30, 95%Cl = 1.06-1.38, P = 0.004), rs806052/GLIS3 (OR = 1.32, 95%Cl = 1.07-1.66, P = 0.016), rs8192552/MTNR1B (OR = 1.53, 95%Cl = 0.56-1.95, P = 0.012) and rs1805097/IRS-2 (OR = 1.27, 95%Cl = 1.36-1.92, P = 0.045), with T2DM; whereas rs6415788/GLIS3, rs61788900/NOTCH2, rs61788901/NOTCH2 and rs11810554/NOTCH2 (P>0.05) showed no significant association. Identification of genetic risk factors/variants can be used in defining high risk subjects assessment, and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Jan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (ZU); (AJ)
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Basir Muhammad
- Atomic Energy Cancer Hospital, Swat Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology & Radiotherapy, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Amina Arshad
- Rashid Latif College of Pharmacy, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Haji Bahadur
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hamayun Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Khuda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rani Akbar
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Ijaz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Khuda F, Alam N, Khalil AAK, Jan A, Naureen F, Ullah Z, Alotaibi A, Ullah R, Ullah S, Shah Y, Shah SI, Büyüker SM. Screening of Rhamnus Purpurea (Edgew.) Leaves for Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Potential. ACS Omega 2022; 7:22977-22985. [PMID: 35811929 PMCID: PMC9260770 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exploring new antimicrobial and cytotoxic drugs has been one of the most active areas of research. Rhamnus purpurea (Edgew.) buckthorn (Rhamnaceae) is a wild shrub traditionally used in Pakistan for the treatment of various ailments including cancer and infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to find novel antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents of plant origin. The crude methanol extract and full range of fractions of R. purpurea leaves were screened for the said activities using in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic models following standard protocols. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method, while the antioxidant activity was assessed with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The cytotoxic effect was investigated against the human cancer cell lines i.e. Caco-2 (gut), A549 (lung), HepG2 (liver), and MDA-MB-231 (breast) by MTS assay. In addition, toxicity studies were conducted on renal and alveolar primary epithelial cells (HRPTEpiC and HPAEpiC, respectively). Phytochemical investigation showed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, phenols, carbohydrates, proteins, and flavonoids. The n-hexane and chloroform fractions showed significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 0.60 and 0.68 mg/mL, respectively), Salmonella typhi (MIC 0.48 and 0.45 mg/mL, respectively), and Bacillus subtilis (MIC 0.54 and 0.76 mg/mL, respectively). Among fungal strains, crude methanol and chloroform fractions exhibited significant activity against Fusarium solani (MIC 0.53 and 0.44 mg/mL, respectively) and Aspergillus niger (MIC 0.47 and 0.42 mg/mL, respectively). The crude methanol, n-hexane and chloroform fractions revealed the highest antioxidant activity at 1000 μg/mL, compared to that of ascorbic acid. The n-hexane fraction showed a significant cytotoxic effect against Caco-2, A549, and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 5.65 ± 0.88, 5.50 ± 0.90, and 4.95 ± 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. Similarly, the chloroform fraction depicted significant activity against Caco-2, A549, and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 4.55 ± 1.25, 4.65 ± 1.55, and 2.85 ± 0.98 μg/mL, respectively. The crude methanol extract and almost all fractions exhibited the highest selectivity index (>2.0) for Caco-2, A549, and HepG2 cancer cell lines, providing safety data for this study. The results showed that R. purpurea leaves have excellent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potential and warrant further studies to search for novel compounds for the said activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazli Khuda
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Nida Alam
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department
of Biological Sciences, National University
of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Jan
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Naureen
- Department
of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Zaki Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Amal Alotaibi
- Department
of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacognosy (Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research
Center) College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department
of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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10
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Khuda F, Anjum M, Khan S, Khan H, Umar Khayam Sahibzada M, Khusro A, Jan A, Ullah N, Shah Y, Zakiullah, Abbas M, Iftikhar T, Idris AM, Uddin Khandaker M, Bin Emran T. Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of natural organic matter extracted from cretaceous shales in district Nowshera-Pakistan. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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11
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Shah Y, Shah K. 1219 Patient Satisfaction with Virtual Orthopaedic Clinics During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has elicited the need to deliver consultation appointments remotely due to social-distancing measures, as well as some individuals having to shield. Virtual clinics are not a familiar setting for orthopaedic surgeons or their patients, but it is a necessity in the current climate and potentially also in the future.
Aim
This study aims to determine patient satisfaction of virtual orthopaedic consultations, during the COVID-19 pandemic and for the future.
Method
A 10-question survey assessed the satisfaction level of both new and follow-up patients towards virtual clinics for consultations with orthopaedic surgeons.
Results
Based on 100 patients who completed the surveys in a 6-month study during the pandemic, it was found that a majority (90%) of patients reported being satisfied (either very satisfied or satisfied) with the telephone clinics and would be content on having virtual clinics in the future.
Conclusions
Many patients view virtual clinics as an acceptable substitute for face-to-face appointments, specifically during the pandemic. However, it was also reported that a majority of patients would still prefer a physical examination as well. If virtual consultations are to persist beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, further exploration would need to be carried out to determine the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shah
- Lister Hospital, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - K Shah
- Lister Hospital, Stevenage, United Kingdom
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12
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Mushtaq M, Shah Y, Samiullah , Nasir F, Khan H, Faheem M, Nadeem A, Khan S, Khan SI, Abbas M, Khuda F, Iftikhar T. Determination of Voriconazole in Human Plasma Using RP-HPLC/UV-VIS Detection: Method Development and Validation; Subsequently Evaluation of Voriconazole Pharmacokinetic Profile in Pakistani Healthy Male Volunteers. J Chromatogr Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this research work, an isocratic, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/visible detector method was developed for analysis of voriconazole standard (stock-solution) and in plasma samples. Optimization and validation of the method was carried out as per international guidelines. The method offered a simple liquid–liquid extraction technique, which exhibited best recovery of voriconazole along with fluconazole, i.e., internal standard. Different experimental conditions were tried and ultimately, the best outcomes were accomplished utilizing C-18 Perkin-Elmer® column with particulars of 150 mm length, 4.6 mm inner diameter and 5 μm particle size, protected by an RP-18 Perkin-Elmer® Pre-column guard cartridge with specifications of 10 μm particle size, 30 mm length and 4.6 mm inner diameter, utilizing mobile-phase of acetonitrile-water (ACN: H2O) in proportion of 60: 40 v/v, having a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min, and wavelength of 254 nm. All the analytes were observed to be separated in ≤7 min. A linear calibration curve was obtained at concentration range of 01–10 μg/mL of voriconazole. The correlation coefficient of voriconazole was observed to be 0.999, and average recovery (in percent) was 97.4%, whereas the relative standard deviation value was ≤2%. The lower limit of detection was 0.01 μg/mL, whereas, lower limit of quantification was 0.03 μg/mL, respectively. This developed method provided outstanding results of all validation parameters, i.e., recovery, accuracy, selectivity, precision and reproducibility. The method proposed for voriconazole analysis was applied effectively for further research investigation of voriconazole in human-plasma samples (to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters), pharmaceutical formulations and pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction’s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Mushtaq
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Samiullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Atif Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Khuda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Iftikhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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13
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El Badri S, Tahir B, Balachandran K, Bezecny P, Britton F, DeSouza K, Hills D, Moe M, Pigott T, Proctor A, Shah Y, Simcock R, Stansfeld A, Synowiec A, Theodoulou M, Verrill M, Wadhawan A, Harper-Wynne C, Wilson C. 245P Palbociclib combined with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in women ≥75 years with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+ve), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-ve) advanced breast cancer: A real-world multicentre UK study. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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14
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Rehman IU, Ahmed R, Rahman AU, Wu DBC, Munib S, Shah Y, Khan NA, Rehman AU, Lee LH, Chan KG, Khan TM. Effectiveness and safety profiling of zolpidem and acupressure in CKD associated pruritus: An interventional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25995. [PMID: 34032717 PMCID: PMC8154401 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) contributes to poor quality of life, including reduced sleep quality and poor sleep quality is a source of patient stress and is linked to lower health-related quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of zolpidem 10 mg and acupressure therapy on foot acupoints to improve the sleep quality and overall quality of life among hemodialysis patients suffering from CKD-aP. METHOD A multicenter, prospective, randomized, parallel-design, open label interventional study to estimate the effectiveness of zolpidem (10 mg) oral tablets versus acupressure on sleep quality and quality of life in patients with CKD-aP on hemodialysis. A total of 58 hemodialysis patients having sleep disturbance due to CKD-aP completed the entire 8-week follow-up. The patients were divided into a control (acupressure) group of 28 patients and an intervention (zolpidem) group of 30 patients. RESULTS A total of 58 patients having CKD-aP and sleep disturbance were recruited. In the control group there was a reduction in the PSQI score with a mean ± SD from 12.28 ± 3.59 to 9.25 ± 3.99, while in the intervention group the reduction in PSQI score with a mean ± SD was from 14.73 ± 4.14 to 10.03 ± 4.04 from baseline to endpoint. However, the EQ5D index score and EQ-visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline for the control group with a mean ± SD was 0.49 ± 0.30 and 50.17 ± 8.65, respectively, while for the intervention group the values were 0.62 ± 0.26 and 47.17 ± 5.82, respectively. The mean EQ5D index score in the control group improved from 0.49 ± 0.30 to 0.53 ± 0.30, but in the intervention group there was no statistical improvement in mean EQ5D index score from 0.62 ± 0.26 to 0.62 ± 0.27 from baseline to week 8. The EQ 5D improved in both groups and the EQ-VAS score was 2.67 points higher at week 8 as compared to baseline in the control group, while in the intervention group the score was 3.33 points higher at week 8 as compared to baseline. Comparing with baseline, the PSQI scores were significantly reduced after week 4 and week 8 (P = < .001). Furthermore, at the end of the study, the PSQI scores were significantly higher in the control as compared to the intervention group (P = .012). CONCLUSION An improvement in sleep quality and quality of life among CKD-aP patients on hemodialysis has been observed in both the control and intervention groups. Zolpidem and acupressure safety profiling showed no severe adverse effect other that drowsiness, nausea and daytime sleeping already reported in literature of zolpidem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ur Rehman
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa
| | - Raheel Ahmed
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, Peshawar
| | | | - David Bin Chia Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Syed Munib
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, Peshawar
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa
| | - Nisar Ahmad Khan
- Department of Nephrology, North West General Hospital and Research Center, Peshawar
| | - Ateeq Ur Rehman
- Biomedical Engineering Technology, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Learn Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kok Gan Chan
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- ISB (Genetics), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Mehmood Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Outfall Campus, Civil Lines, Lahore, Pakistan
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15
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Barlinn J, Winzer S, Worthmann H, Urbanek C, Häusler KG, Günther A, Erdur H, Görtler M, Busetto L, Wojciechowski C, Schmitt J, Shah Y, Büchele B, Sokolowski P, Kraya T, Merkelbach S, Rosengarten B, Stangenberg-Gliss K, Weber J, Schlachetzki F, Abu-Mugheisib M, Petersen M, Schwartz A, Palm F, Jowaed A, Volbers B, Zickler P, Remi J, Bardutzky J, Bösel J, Audebert HJ, Hubert GJ, Gumbinger C. [Telemedicine in stroke-pertinent to stroke care in Germany]. Nervenarzt 2021; 92:593-601. [PMID: 34046722 PMCID: PMC8184549 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Telemedical stroke networks improve stroke care and provide access to time-dependent acute stroke treatment in predominantly rural regions. The aim is a presentation of data on its utility and regional distribution. METHODS The working group on telemedical stroke care of the German Stroke Society performed a survey study among all telestroke networks. RESULTS Currently, 22 telemedical stroke networks including 43 centers (per network: median 1.5, interquartile range, IQR, 1-3) as well as 225 cooperating hospitals (per network: median 9, IQR 4-17) operate in Germany and contribute to acute stroke care delivery to 48 million people. In 2018, 38,211 teleconsultations (per network: median 1340, IQR 319-2758) were performed. The thrombolysis rate was 14.1% (95% confidence interval 13.6-14.7%) and transfer for thrombectomy was initiated in 7.9% (95% confidence interval 7.5-8.4%) of ischemic stroke patients. Financial reimbursement differs regionally with compensation for telemedical stroke care in only three federal states. CONCLUSION Telemedical stroke care is utilized in about 1 out of 10 stroke patients in Germany. Telemedical stroke networks achieve similar rates of thrombolysis and transfer for thrombectomy compared with neurological stroke units and contribute to stroke care in rural regions. Standardization of network structures, financial assurance and uniform quality measurements may further strengthen the importance of telestroke networks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barlinn
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.
| | - S Winzer
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - H Worthmann
- Klinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - C Urbanek
- Klinik für Neurologie, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland
| | - K G Häusler
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - A Günther
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - H Erdur
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - M Görtler
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - L Busetto
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - C Wojciechowski
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - J Schmitt
- Zentrum für Evidenzbasierte Gesundheitsversorgung, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Y Shah
- Klinik für Neurologie, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Deutschland
| | - B Büchele
- Klinik für Neurologie, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Deutschland
| | - P Sokolowski
- Klinik für Neurologie und neurologische Intensivmedizin, Fachkrankenhaus Hubertusburg, Hubertusburg, Deutschland
| | - T Kraya
- Klinik für Neurologie, Klinikum St.Georg Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - S Merkelbach
- Klinik für Neurologie, Heinrich-Braun-Klinikum Zwickau, Zwickau, Deutschland
| | - B Rosengarten
- Klinik für Neurologie, Klinikum Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Deutschland
| | - K Stangenberg-Gliss
- Klinik für Neurologie, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - J Weber
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - F Schlachetzki
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - M Abu-Mugheisib
- Klinik für Neurologie, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - M Petersen
- Klinik für Neurologie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Deutschland
| | - A Schwartz
- Klinik für Neurologie, Klinikum Region Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - F Palm
- Klinik für Neurologie, Helios Klinikum Schleswig, Schleswig, Deutschland
| | - A Jowaed
- Klinik für Neurologie, Westküstenkliniken Heide, Heide, Deutschland
| | - B Volbers
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - P Zickler
- Klinik für Neurologie und Klinische Neurophysiologie, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Deutschland
| | - J Remi
- Klinik für Neurologie, Klinikum der LMU München-Großhadern, München, Deutschland
| | - J Bardutzky
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - J Bösel
- Klinik für Neurologie, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Deutschland
| | - H J Audebert
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.,Centrum für Schlaganfallforschung Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - G J Hubert
- Klinik für Neurologie, München-Klinik Harlaching, München, Deutschland
| | - C Gumbinger
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
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16
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Pandey K, Dumre SP, Dhimal M, Pun SB, Shah Y, Fernandez S, Morita K, Pandey BD. The Double Burden of COVID-19 and Dengue in Nepal: The challenges ahead. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:140-142. [PMID: 34812173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant impact on the health care system. As a consequence, diagnosis and treatment of vector borne diseases including dengue has been equally affected. Nepal is no exception to this, where COVID-19 cases is exponentially increased and all resources are concentrated on its prevention, control and management. Dengue, one of the major vector-borne diseases in Nepal, is apparently overlooked despite approaching the peak season of the disease. The aim of this paper is to describe the double burden of COVID-19 and dengue in Nepal, particularly highlighting the co-circulation and possible coinfections. This has posed higher risk of increased severity, more severe cases and deaths in Nepal. Moreover, potential misdiagnosis of these viral diseases may lead to delayed or, inappropriate treatment and poor allocation of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pandey
- Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - S P Dumre
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - M Dhimal
- Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S B Pun
- Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Y Shah
- Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Fernandez
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - K Morita
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - B D Pandey
- Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
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17
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Shah Y, Maharjan B, Poudel A. Genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing family isolates in Nepal. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Shah Y, Kothare S. 0923 Doxepin in Children and Adolescents With Symptoms of Insomnia: A Single Center Experience. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Pediatric insomnia is a widespread problem and especially difficult to manage in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. There are currently no FDA- approved medications for pediatric patients to use once first line therapy fails. Doxepin is FDA-approved at low doses for use in transient or chronic sleep maintenance insomnia in adults. The objective of this study is to determine the tolerability and efficacy of doxepin in the pediatric population.
Methods
This is a retrospective single center chart review of children and adolescents (2-17 years of age) whose sleep failed to improve with behavioral intervention and melatonin who were then trialed on doxepin. Treatment was initiated at a median starting dose of 2mg and slowly escalated to a median maintenance dose of 10mg. Improvement in sleep was recorded using a 4-point Likert scale reported by parents on follow up visits.
Results
Total of 29 patients were included in analysis. Mean follow-up duration was 6.5 months (±3.5). Out of 29 patients, 4 (13.8%) patients discontinued doxepin due to lack of efficacy or side effects. 8 (27.6%) patients showed significant improvement of their insomnia, 8 (27.6%) showed moderate, 10 (34.5%) showed mild and 3 (10.3%) showed minimal to no improvement on treatment with doxepin (P<0.05) Only two patients (6.8%) experienced adverse effects in the form of behavioral side effects (aggression) and enuresis.
Conclusion
Our data suggests that doxepin is effective, safe and well-tolerated in the treatment of sleep initiation and maintenance insomnia as well as psychophysiological insomnia in child and adolescents with Ausitsm specutrm disorder, other neuro-developmental disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It is also an effective, safe, and well-tolerated alternative in children suffering from chronic persistent insomnia. The results of this study suggests a promising emerging therapy for the treatment of insomnia in the pediatric population.
Support
None
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shah
- alexandra and steven cohen children’s medical center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - S Kothare
- steven and alexandra cohen children’s medical center, New Hyde Park, NY
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19
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Shah Y, Iqbal Z, Ahmad L, Khuda F, Khan A, Ismail , Hassan M, Ullah Z. Rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics in Pakistani healthy volunteers in comparison with other population. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:2725-2732. [PMID: 31969307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In current study, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of rosuvastatin were evaluated in Pakistani healthy volunteers and compared with those reported in other population. This was a randomized and open labeled clinical trial in which a single oral dose of 40 mg rosuvastatin was administered to the overnight fasted healthy volunteers. Plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin were quantified by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The PK parameters of rosuvastatin and its metabolite N-desmethyl-rosuvastatin were determined by PK specific software i.e., PK-Summit® (PK-Solutions). A total of 20 healthy volunteers having BMI in the normal ranges were included in this study. All PK parameters were represented as mean ± SD and 95% confidence intervals of the means have been calculated. The Cmax (29.07 ± 6.88 ng/mL), [AUC]xo (206.65 ± 55.27 ng/hr/mL) and CL/F (3275.26 ± 1072.87 mL/hr) were slightly higher in our study, whereas the values of Vd (19377.23 ± 9114.29 mL) and tmax (3.0 ± 0.46 hr) were comparatively smaller. Overall, the PK parameters of rosuvastatin determined in our study were in compliance with other reported. Therefore, no adjustments in the dosing schedule or dose are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Lateef Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Khuda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Abad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, KPK, Pakistan
| | - - Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Zaki- Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
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20
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Shah Y, Almeshari K, Broering D, Aleid H, Brockmann J, Alhumaidan H, Hammad E, Elgamal H, Alahmadi I, Hussein M, Ibrahim I, Ali T. ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplantation: Low Rates of Infectious Complications and Excellent Patient Survival. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:512-516. [PMID: 30879579 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant gap exists between demand and supply of organs for patients with end-stage renal disease. To increase the donor pool, kidney transplantation is performed across ABO- and HLA-incompatible barriers. ABO-incompatible kidney transplant (ABOi-KT) recipients are at increased risk of antibody-mediated rejection, infection, and mortality. Hypogammaglobulinemia secondary to immunosuppression is highly prevalent after solid organ transplantation, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been reported to reduce the risks of infections in various settings. We use high-dose IVIG in ABOi-KT recipients perioperatively. We aimed to determine the rate of infectious complications along with graft and patient survival in our ABOi-KT recipients. METHODS We included all adult patients who underwent ABOi-KT from the year 2007 to 2016. Patients received rituximab, plasma exchange, and IVIG (2 g/kg body weight). Thymoglobulin and intravenous methylprednisolone were used as induction treatment. Oral prednisone, mycophenolate mofetil, and tacrolimus were used as maintenance therapy. RESULTS A total of 77 ABOi-KTs were performed, and the recipients were followed up for a median of 1557 days. Two patients were diagnosed as having BK nephropathy. No patients were diagnosed as having pneumocystis infection, cytomegalovirus disease, herpes simplex, varicella zoster, or fungal infection. One-year graft and patient survival was 94.8% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In our series of ABOi-KTs, we observed a low risk of infectious complications and excellent patient survival. High-dose IVIG might have reduced infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shah
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplant, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Almeshari
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplant, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Broering
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplant, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Aleid
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplant, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Brockmann
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplant, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Alhumaidan
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplant, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Hammad
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplant, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Elgamal
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplant, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - I Alahmadi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplant, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Hussein
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplant, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - I Ibrahim
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplant, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Ali
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplant, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Ahmad L, Iqbal Z, Shah Y, Nazir S, Khan A, Khan MI, Khan A, Khuda F, Khan I. Comparative pharmacokinetics of Omeprazole and its metabolites in poor and extensive metabolizer Pakistani healthy volunteers and a review of different studies. Pak J Pharm Sci 2018; 31:1363-1374. [PMID: 30033421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate a comparative single dose (40mg) pharmacokinetics (PK) of Omeprazole (OMP) and its two metabolites, 5-hydroxy Omeprazole (5-OH-OMP) and Omeprazole sulphone (OMP-S) in poor (PM) and extensive (EM) metabolizer Pakistani healthy adult volunteers. The frequency of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 varies widely in different populations. The present study was conducted to evaluate the PK of OMP and its two metabolites in Pakistani population and to review different studies conducted after administration of single dose of OMP. Twenty two subjects were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups. The CYP2C19 phenotyping was evaluated by the metabolic ratio of OMP to 5-OH-OMP. It was a single dose, open label study and the blood samples from subjects were collected at different time intervals until 24 hours. The PK parameters were calculated using the PK-summit software. The metabolic ratio of area under the plasma concentration-time curve AUCOMP/5-OH-OMP was 1.86 ± 0.572 and13.84 ± 2.504 for EM and PM, respectively; maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of OMP was increased by two folds for PM while the AUC∞ was increased by 3 folds; the Cmax and AUC∞ of 5-OH-OMP decreased for PM by 2 folds while there was 3 fold increase observed in the Cmax and AUC∞ of OMP-S. The PK of OMP and its metabolites in different populations were also discussed, and issues regarding CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 genotyping were also extensively reviewed. In EM of CYP2C19 the concentration of 5-OH-OMP is higher while that of OMP-S is lower. This study as well as reported studies reveals that in PM of CYP2C19 more drugs are available for CYP3A4 to be metabolized. A correlation between CYP2C19 EM and PM activity with CYP3A4 needs to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lateef Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan / Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Shabnam Nazir
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Abad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | | | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Khuda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ismail Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Khan N, Cole E, Shah Y, Paulson EC. Segmental resection is a safe oncological alternative to total proctocolectomy in elderly patients with ulcerative colitis and malignancy. Colorectal Dis 2017; 19:1108-1116. [PMID: 28498617 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM The standard approach for the surgical management of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the setting of ulcerative colitis (UC) involves total proctocolectomy (TPC). However, some patients also undergo a partial resection (PR). This may be an attractive option in older patients with a high risk for surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of metachronous cancer after PR or TPC for CRC in the setting of UC. METHOD This was a retrospective cohort study conducted through the Nationwide Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (VA). Patients who had UC and underwent a PR or TPC for CRC were followed from the time of their surgery to their most recent clinical follow-up. The primary outcome was development of metachronous cancer in the PR group. Secondary outcomes included surgical and medical outcomes. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients were included: 24 (40.7%) underwent PR and 35 (59.3%) underwent TPC. The median age at cancer diagnosis was 73.0 and 61.7 years in PR and TPC groups, respectively (P < 0.0005). Amongst patients undergoing PR, 15 (60%) had no active UC at the time of surgery, whereas in patients undergoing TPC, at the time of surgery eight (23.5%) had no active UC (P = 0.005). No patient who underwent a partial colectomy developed a metachronous cancer in the retained colonic segment during the follow-up period (median 7 years). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that PR for CRC in the setting of UC may be a viable option in a selected cohort of patients, especially among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Khan
- Section of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Section of Gastroenterology, VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, UPMC, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Y Shah
- Section of Gastroenterology, VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E C Paulson
- Section of Surgery, VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Khan N, Shah Y, Trivedi C, Lewis JD. Safety of herpes zoster vaccination among inflammatory bowel disease patients being treated with anti-TNF medications. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:668-672. [PMID: 28805309 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of herpes zoster (HZ) is elevated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients treated with anti-TNF medications. While it is optimal to give herpes zoster vaccine prior to initiation of therapy clinical circumstances may not always allow this. AIM To determine the safety of giving herpes zoster vaccine while patients are on anti-TNF therapy. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving IBD patients who were followed in the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system between 2001 and 2016. Patients who received herpes zoster vaccine while on anti-TNF medication were identified through vaccination codes and confirmed through individual chart review. Our outcome of interest was development of HZ between 0 and 42 days after herpes zoster vaccine administration. RESULTS Fifty-six thousand four hundred and seventeen patients with IBD were followed in the VA healthcare system. A total of 59 individuals were on anti-TNF medication when they were given herpes zoster vaccine, and amongst them, 12 (20%) were also taking a thiopurine. Median age at the time of herpes zoster vaccine was 64.9 years and 95% of patients had a Charlson Comorbidity Index of ≥2. Median number of encounters within 42 days after receiving herpes zoster vaccine was two. No case of HZ was found within 0-42 days of HZV administration. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that co-administering the herpes zoster vaccine to patients who are taking anti-TNF medications is relatively safe. This study significantly expands the evidence supporting the use of herpes zoster vaccine in this population, having included an elderly group of patients with a high Charlson Comorbidity Index who are likely at a much higher risk of developing HZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Khan
- Section of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Section of Gastroenterology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Shah
- Section of Gastroenterology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Trivedi
- Section of Gastroenterology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J D Lewis
- Section of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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Ahmad L, Iqbal Z, Nazir S, Khan A, Shah Y, Khan MI, Khan I, Khan A. Effect of clopidogrel on the hydroxylation and sulfoxidation of omeprazole: A single dose study in healthy human volunteers. EXCLI J 2017; 16:321-327. [PMID: 28507476 PMCID: PMC5427475 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Based upon the known potential interaction between omeprazole (OMP) and clopidogrel (CLOP), the current study was designed to evaluate the effect of CLOP on disposition of OMP and its two major metabolites, 5-hydroxyomeprazole (5-OH-OMP) and omeprazole sulfone (OMP-S) in healthy clinical subjects. A randomized, open label, 2-period, crossover study was designed. Twelve volunteers were selected, of whom eight were extensive metabolizers (EM) of CYP2C19 and 4 were poor metabolizers (PM). They received single dose of OMP either alone or in combination with CLOP (single dose) and samples were collected periodically to calculate various pharmacokinetic parameters. Changes in most of the pharmacokinetic parameters of OMP, 5-OH-OMP and OMP-S were insignificant (P ˃ 0.05) both in EM and PM except for the maximum concentration (Cmax) of 5-OH-OMP and OMP-S in EM. The OMP Cmax and AUC0-∞ was increased both in EM and PM after concomitant administration of OMP with CLOP. The 5-OH-OMP Cmax was decreased in both EM and PM, demonstrating that CLOP inhibits hydroxylation of OMP. The OMP-S Cmax and AUC0-∞ were increased both in EM and PM showing that CLOP may induce sulfoxidation of OMP. It was concluded that CLOP may inhibit hydroxylation of OMP to a greater extent in EM than in PM, leading to higher OMP Cmax and AUC0-∞. Furthermore, the sulfoxidation of OMP may also be induced by CLOP. So, it is suggested that both these drugs should be carefully prescribed together to avoid any harm to the patients. (Application number13/EC/Pharm. Ref number 12/Pharm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lateef Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shabnam Nazir
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Shabnam Nazir, Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, E-mail:
| | - Abad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Ismail Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Khuda F, Iqbal Z, Khan A, Shah WA, Shah Y, Ahmad L, Hassan M, Khan A, Khan A. Report: Antibacterial and antifungal activities of leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae) from Pakistan. Pak J Pharm Sci 2015; 28:1797-1800. [PMID: 26408900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic extract and various fractions of Achyranthes aspera leaves, traditionally used in Pakistan for treatment of infectious diseases was screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. The chloroform and butanol fractions were found to be the most active among the fractions, showing considerable antibacterial activity against Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli. The highest activity was found in the ethylacetate fraction (17 mm zone of inhibition) against gram-negative (Salmonella typhi) bacteria, with MIC value as 0.29 mg/mL. In antifungal screening, moderate activity was shown by the chloroform fraction (50 % inhibition) against Microsporum canis, with MIC value as 0.25mg/mL. Considerable level of antifungal activity was depicted by crude extract, hexane and butanol fractions against Aspergillus flavus and Microsporum canis. The ability of various extracts of Achyranthes aspera to inhibit different strains of fungi and bacteria indicates its potential use for the treatment of microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazli Khuda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ayub Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Lateef Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abuzar Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
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Ullah N, Khan S, Khan A, Ahmad W, Shah Y, Ahmad L, Ullah I. A PROSPECTIVE PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW OF MEDICINAL HERBS, CUCUMIS MELO AND BERBERIS VULGARIS, COMMONLY USED IN THE TREATMENT OF RENAL DISEASES IN PAKISTAN. Acta Pol Pharm 2015; 72:651-654. [PMID: 26647620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The kidneys are important organs which have many functions in the body, including the production of hormones, absorbtion of minerals and the filtration of blood, producing urine. Their failure can be fatal, therefore, to focus the study of such herbs which may be useful in treating renal disease is the need of hour. In Pakistan, Cucumis melo and Berberis vulgaris has been commonly used for renal problems. In both of these plants were found flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenes, which may stand for their renal protective properties. Their reported vitamin E contents and antioxidant potentials also provide a base for their defensive mechanism, may be due to their free radical scavenging properties. Further, their diuretic and urinary tract anti-ulcer properties also support their traditional use in renal diseases. Their anti-histaminic and anti-cholinergic properties also provide symptomatic treatment by decreasing prostaglandin level and due to antispasmodic properties. Concluding, both of these plants can be used for renal problems, especially Cucumis melo, which have both the nutritive and medicinal properties. Therefore, the renal disease patients are advised to take much of this particular fruit, especially their seeds to make their kidneys healthy.
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Shah Y, Iqbal Z, Ahmad L, Nazir S, Watson DG, Khuda F, Khan A, Khan MI, Khan A, Nasir F. Determination of Rosuvastatin and its Metabolite N-Desmethyl Rosuvastatin in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Method Development, Validation, and Application to Pharmacokinetic Study. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.982866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Lateef Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Shabnam Nazir
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Pakistan
| | - David G. Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fazli Khuda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | | | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Khan A, Iqbal Z, Shah Y, Ahmad L, Ismail, Ullah Z, Ullah A. Enhancement of dissolution rate of class II drugs (Hydrochlorothiazide); a comparative study of the two novel approaches; solid dispersion and liqui-solid techniques. Saudi Pharm J 2015; 23:650-7. [PMID: 26702260 PMCID: PMC4669426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liqui-solid technique and solid dispersion formation are two novel approaches for enhancement of dissolution rate of BCS class II drugs. Liqui-solid compact converts a liquid drug or drug solution into a free flowing powder with enhanced dissolution rate. In case of solid dispersion drug is molecularly dispersed in a hydrophilic polymer in solid state. In the present study, Liqui-solid and solid dispersion techniques were applied to enhance the dissolution of the Hydrochlorothiazide. Three formulations of Hydrochlorothiazide were prepared by liqui-solid technique using micro crystalline cellulose as carrier material and colloidal silicon dioxide as coating material. Water, poly ethylene glycol-400 and Tween-60 were used as solvent system. Solid dispersions of Hydrochlorothiazide were prepared by solvent fusion method using PEG-4000 as carrier polymer. Tablets were subjected to evaluation of various physical and chemical characteristics. Dissolution profiles of tablets prepared by the novel techniques were compared with marketed conventional tablets. Model independent techniques including similarity factor, dissimilarity factor and dissolution efficiency were applied for comparison of dissolution profiles. The results obtained indicated that liqui-solid compact formulations were more effective in enhancing the dissolution rate compared with solid dispersion technique. The liqui-solid compacts improved the dissolution rate up to 95% while the solid dispersion increased it to 88%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Lateef Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
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Ahmad L, Iqbal Z, Shah Y, Watson DG, Khan A, Khan MI, Khuda F, Khan A, Nasir F. Simple and Fast Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) Method for the Determination of Omeprazole, 5-hydroxyomeprazole, and Omeprazole Sulphone in Human Plasma. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.951763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lateef Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - D. G. Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Abad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | | | - Fazli Khuda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Khuda F, Iqbal Z, Khan A, Shah Y, Khan A. Report: screening of selected medicinal plants for their enzyme inhibitory potential - a validation of their ethnopharmacological uses. Pak J Pharm Sci 2014; 27:593-596. [PMID: 24811822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In present study four medicinal plants namely Valeriana wallichii, Xanthium strumarium, Achyranthes aspera and Duchesnea indica belonging to different families were collected in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and crude extract and subsequent fractions were analyzed for their inhibitory potential against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Valeriana wallichii, Xanthium strumarium and Achyranthes aspera were significantly active against cholinesterases. Chloroform and ethylacetate fractions of Valeriana wallichii exhibited significant activity against acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 61μg/ml) and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes (IC50: 58μg/ml), respectively. Similarly ethylacetate fraction of Achyranthes aspera showed significant activity against acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 61 μg/ml) and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes (IC50: 61 μg/ml), respectively. In case of α-glucosidase enzyme, the chloroform fraction of Xanthium strumarium exhibited significant inhibitory activity (IC50: 72 μg/ml) as compared to the standard compound acarbose (IC50: 483 μg/ml). Duchesnea indica showed no such activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazli Khuda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ayub Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Abad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Pakistan
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Khuda F, Iqbal Z, Khan A, Shah Y, Ahmad L, Nasir F, Hassan M, Shah WA. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of selected medicinal plants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pak J Pharm Sci 2014; 27:365-368. [PMID: 24577927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In present study, the anti-inflammatory potential of three medicinal plants, Xanthium strumarium, Achyranthes aspera and Duchesnea indica were evaluated, using both in vitro and in vivo assays. Carrageenan induced hind paw edema model was used to carry out the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, while for in vitro screening lipoxygenase inhibition assay was used. Crude extract of all the selected plants depicted significant (plt;0.001) anti-inflammatory activity, at late phase of inflammation. Achyranthes aspera also showed considerable anti-inflammatory activity (47%) at relatively lower concentration (200 mg/ml), at the initial phase of inflammation. Similarly the ethyl acetate fraction of all the selected plants showed significant lipoxygenase inhibition activity when compared with the standard drug (Baicalein). The results obtained from both in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction of the crude extract of all the selected plants can be used for the isolation of new lead compounds with better anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazli Khuda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ayub Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Lateef Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Waheed Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Nazir S, Iqbal Z, Ahmad L, Shah Y, Nasir F. Pharmacokinetics of omeprazole and its metabolites in three phases of menstrual cycle. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 40:13-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-013-0167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Khuda F, Iqbal Z, Shah Y, Ahmmad L, Nasir F, Khan AZ, Amanullah, Shahbaz N. Method development and validation for simultaneous determination of lumefantrine and its major metabolite, desbutyl lumefantrine in human plasma using RP-HPLC/UV detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 944:114-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shah Y, Shrestha A, Adhikari N, Pant KP, Khadka KS, Acharya B, Pandey BD. Chlamydia trachomatis among HIV infected patients using PCR technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3126/jmcjms.v1i2.9261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmitted organism and an important public health problem in the sexually active age group. Limited studies are found regarding the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in Nepal. Moreover, no study in Nepal reports the association of Chlamydia and HIV infection. The current study attempts to determine the burden of Chlamydia on HIV positive patients. Material and Methods: A total of 117 HIV positive patients visiting a HIV clinic in Kathmandu, were screened for Chlamydia infection. For this, Urine samples were collected and analyzed using the Multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique (MPCR) and Agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA isolation was performed using QIAamp DNA and Blood mini kit handbook protocol. Results: C. trachomatis was detected in 4.27% of the total 117 HIV patients. Out of positive cases 60% were males and 40% were females. However, Chlamydia is found more prevalent among females (6.89%) than in males (3.4%). Eighty percent of positive cases were asymptomatic. Conclusion: Chlamydia infection was found less commonly among studied patients and most of those cases were asymptomatic. So there is difficulty in timely detection of C. trachomatis and track the clinical sequel, which might be devastating. Hence, routine checkup is recommended for all suspected cases for timely management of the disease Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (2): 3-10 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i2.9261
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Nasir F, Iqbal Z, Khan A, Khan JA, Khan A, Khuda F, Zakir S, Yousaf N, Khan I, Shah Y, Khan MI, Shahbaz N. Development and evaluation of pluronic- and methylcellulose-based thermoreversible drug delivery system for insulin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013. [PMID: 23984755 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.831441)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current work was to develop and evaluate thermoreversible subcutaneous drug delivery system for Insulin. Thermoreversible in-situ gel system was developed and evaluated both in-vitro and in-vivo comprising of pluronic F-127 alone or in combination with methylcellulose in different ratios. The drug release kinetics and mechanism was predicted by applying various mathematical models to the in-vitro dissolution data. Rabbits were used as animal model following subcutaneous injection to predict various pharmacokinetic parameters by applying Pk-Summit® software. The in-vitro and in-vivo data revealed that the formulation IPM 15/3 consisting of the pluronic F-127 (15% w/v) and methylcellulose (3% w/v) was the most robust and capable formulation for extending the drug release and maintaining basal plasma insulin level between 10 and 40 µU/ml for 240 h (10 d).
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Nasir F, Iqbal Z, Khan A, Khan JA, Khan A, Khuda F, Zakir S, Yousaf N, Khan I, Shah Y, Khan MI, Shahbaz N. Development and evaluation of pluronic- and methylcellulose-based thermoreversible drug delivery system for insulin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1503-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.831441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Introduction: Βeta haemolytic streptococcal infections have a worldwide distribution among children and it poses an important health problem globally. So, a five months study was conducted to know the prevalence of beta haemolytic streptococci (BHS) in the throat of school children. Materials and Methods: Throat swabs from 200 school children of Kirtipur were collected, transported to the laboratory and were processed for BHS following standard microbiological procedures. Group A Streptococci (GAS) were identified by beta haemolytic colonies, bacitracin sensitivity and catalase negativity test. ASO test was also performed from serum samples. Result: Altogether 18 (9%) BHS isolates were identified from 200 samples, out of which 11 (5.5%) isolates were from males and 7 (3.5%) were from females. Among the 18 BHS isolates, 10 were identified as GAS isolates. The number of GAS presented only 5% of total sample. There was no significant sex difference in colonization of GAS (p> 0.05). Majority of cases were asymptomatic. All GABHS isolates were sensitive to Penicillin. In Serological examination, i.e. Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titre, all serum samples showed less than 200 IU ASO titre. Conclusion: This result highlights the current situation of GABHS throat infection in school children of Kirtipur. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i1.7004 J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013;33(1):45-47
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Khuda F, Iqbal Z, Khan A, Nasir F, Shah Y. Anti-inflammatory activity of the topical preparation of Valeriana wallichii and Achyranthes aspera leaves. Pak J Pharm Sci 2013; 26:451-454. [PMID: 23625416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In vivo and in vitro screening of anti inflammatory activity of Valeriana wallichii and Achyranthes aspera leaves crude extract was performed, using standardized procedures. Methanolic crude extract topical formulation (cream) of Valeriana wallichii and Achyranthes aspera leaves (Family Valerianaceae and Amaranthaceae respectively), were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity, through "Carrageenan induced hind paw edema" test, for their effect on the acute and chronic phase inflammation models in male Wistar rats. Methanolic extract and its fractions were also evaluated for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using lipoxygenase inhibition assay. Leaves of Valeriana wallichii showed significant (P<0.001), dose dependant anti inflammatory activity, comparable with that of the standard, in animal model. The ethyl acetate fraction of Valeriana wallichii also showed considerable (IC 50=73 ± 0.36) in vitro anti-inflammatory activity as compared to standard (6.11 ± 0.02). Similarly Achyranthes aspera leaves showed relatively weak (p>0.05) in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. However, its activity was comparable with that of standard at 10% concentration after 5 hrs of carrageenan injection. This activity was present in ethyl acetate fraction during in vitro screening (IC 50=76 ± 0.14) as compared to that of standard (IC 50=6.11 ± 0.02). The combined in vitro and in vivo Anti-inflammatory screening shows that the ethyl acetate fraction of the crude extract of Valeriana wallichii and Achyranthes aspera can be used for the isolation of new Anti-inflammatory lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazli Khuda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Pakistan.
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Wu J, Duan S, Li W, Wang Y, Liu W, Zhang J, Lun L, Li X, Zhou C, Zheng Y, Liu S, Xie Y, Cai G, Chen X, Shen P, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang W, Ren H, Zhang W, Chen N, Shimamoto M, Ohsawa I, Suzuki H, Nagamachi S, Shimizu Y, Horikoshi S, Tomino Y, Cox SN, Serino G, Sallustio F, Pesce F, Schena FP, Kalbacher E, Ducher M, Fouque D, MacGregor B, Combarnous F, Fauvel JP, Sarcina C, Ferrario F, Terraneo V, Pani A, Fogazzi G, Visciano GB, De Simone I, Rastelli F, Pozzi C, Kwak IS, Seong EY, Rhee H, Lee DW, Lee SB, Yang BY, Shin MJ, Kim IY, Stangou MJ, Bantis C, Kasimatis S, Skoularopoulou M, Toulkeridis G, Pantzaki A, Papagianni A, Efstratiadis G, Yamada K, Suzuki H, Suzuki Y, Raska M, Huang ZQ, Reily C, Moldoveanu Z, Kiryluk K, Julian BA, Tomino Y, Gharavi AG, Novak J, Camilla R, Coppo R, Bellur S, Cattran D, Cook T, Feehally J, Troyanov S, Roberts I, Vergano L, Morando L, Mizerska-Wasiak M, Maldyk J, Rybi-Szuminska A, Firszt-Adamczyk A, Bienias B, Gadomska-Prokop K, Grenda R, Zajaczkowska M, Stankiewicz R, Wasilewska A, Roszkowska-Blaim M, Zhang X, Xie J, Wang W, Pan X, Guo S, Shen P, Zhang W, Chen N, Soylu A, Ozturk Y, Dogan Y, Ozmen D, Yilmaz O, Kavukcu S, Choi JY, Park GY, Jung HY, Kim KH, Kwon O, Cho JH, Kim CD, Kim YL, Park SH, Berthoux FC, Mohey H, Laurent B, Mariat C, Chen YX, Zhang W, Xu J, Chen N, Bajcsi D, Haris A, Abraham G, Legrady P, Polner K, Ronaszeki B, Balla Z, Rakonczay Z, Ivanyi B, Sonkodi S, Bredin PH, Canney M, Kennedy C, Plant LD, Clarkson MR, Naz N, Hiremath M, Banerjee A, Shah Y, Yuste C, Casian A, Jironda C, Jayne D, Smith R, Lewin M, Jones R, Merkel P, Jayne D, Izzo C, Quaglia M, Radin E, Airoldi A, Fenoglio R, Lazzarich E, Stratta P, Onusic VL, Araujo MJ, Battaini LC, Jorge LB, Dias CB, Toledo-Barros M, Toledo-Barros R, Woronik V, Cirami CL, Gallo P, Romoli E, Mecacci F, Simeone S, Minetti EE, Mello G, Rivera F, Segarra A, Praga M, Quaglia M, Radin E, Izzo C, Airoldi A, Lazzarich E, Fenoglio R, Stratta P, Dias CB, Lee J, Jorge L, Malheiro D, Barros RT, Woronik V, Zakharova EV, Stolyarevich ES, Velioglu A, Guler D, Nalcaci S, Birdal G, Arikan H, Koc M, Direskeneli H, Tuglular S, Ozener C, Guedes Marques M, Cotovio P, Ferrer F, Silva C, Botelho C, Lopes K, Maia P, Carreira A, Campos M, Alharazy S, Kong NCT, Mohammad M, Shah SA, Gafor H, Bain A. Clinical nephrology - IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, vasculitis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Shrestha A, Adhikari N, Shah Y, Poudel P, Acharya B, Pandey BD. Chlamydia trachomatis detection in HIV infected patients using polymerase chain reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3126/ijim.v2i1.8003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmitted organism and causes important public health problem in the sexually active age group. Limited studies are found regarding the prevalence of C. trachomatis in Nepal. Moreover, currently there are no any study in Nepal reporting the association of chlamydia and HIV infection. This study attempts to determine the burden of chlamydia on HIV positive patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 117 HIV positive patients visiting a HIV clinic in Kathmandu, were screened for chlamydia infection. For this, urine samples were collected and analyzed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique (PCR). Results: C. trachomatis was detected in 4.2% of the total 117 HIV patients. Out of positive cases 60% were males and 40% were females. However, chlamydia was found more prevalent among females (6.8%) than males (3.4%). Eighty percent of positive cases were asymptomatic. Conclusions: Although, the prevalence of chlamydia infection was found less HIV patients, most of those cases were asymptomatic. Therefore, routine checkup is recommended for all suspected cases for timely management of the disease. DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i1.8003 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(1):12-16
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Affiliation(s)
- M Naik
- Department of Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College and Hospital, Srinagar, India
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Schvartzman J, Carroli G, Di Renzo G, Hofmeyr J, Kafrissen M, Merialdi M, Requejo J, Saugstad O, Shah Y, Vayena E. O607 THE ODÓN DEVICE. A NEW SIMPLE INSTRUMENT FOR ASSISTED VAGINAL DELIVERY. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)61037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pun R, Shah Y, Gupta GP, Sherchand SP, Pandey BD. Prognostic value of rapid test for diagnosis of dengue in Nepalese patients during 2010 epidemic. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2012; 10:7-10. [PMID: 22971853 DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is an emerging vector borne disease in Nepal and rapid diagnostic test is important for early diagnosis of the disease. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of commonly used rapid immunochromatographic test kit in Nepal during 2010 dengue epidemic and to assess disease burden of dengue. METHODS A total of 131 acute and nonacute serum samples were collected during recent epidemic of dengue in 2010 from clinically suspected Nepalese patients of different hospitals. Rapid immunochromatographic test kit was used for early diagnosis and enzyme immunosorbent was chosen as a reference assay. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of rapid test was 70% and 76.54% respectively whereas the prevalence of the disease was 38.17%. The odds ratio for males was 1.8 however; the association with the disease was statistically not significant. CONCLUSION The diagnostic accuracy of rapid immunochromatographic test for dengue diagnosis was low (k=0.46). So, it should be substituted by highly sensitive test device for prompt diagnosis and health personnel should consider appropriate timing of sample collection for better performance of rapid test.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pun
- Everest International Clinic and Research Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Poudel A, Shah Y, Khatri B, Joshi DR, Bhatta DR, Pandey BD. The burden of dengue infection in some vulnerable regions of Nepal. Nepal Med Coll J 2012; 14:114-117. [PMID: 23671960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is an emerging mosquito borne disease of public health importance in Nepal. A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out to estimate sero-prevalence and distribution pattern of dengue in certain vulnerable regions of Nepal from June to September 2009. A total of 460 venous blood samples were collected from individuals experiencing a febrile illness clinically consistent with dengue infection visiting nearby hospitals of Kanchanpur, Kailali, Banke, Dang and Chitwan districts. The sero-prevalence of dengue virus specific IgM was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The anti-dengue IgM positivity was found to be 12.17%. The higher frequency of positive cases (16.4%) were from age group 20-40 years followed by < 20 years age group with 9.7% and 5.3% from > 40 years age group. The association between dengue infection and age is found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). The male:female ratio was determined as 1.3:1 in IgM positive population. Among sampling areas, Kanchanpur showed highest prevalence of dengue infection (15.5%) followed by Chitwan (11.7%), Kailai (11.1%), Banke (10.7%) and Dang (8.3%). Similarly, 94.6% of the positive cases were indigeneous and had no history of travel to other countries. Dengue is firmly established in terai region with increasing trends of infection and expansion into newer areas raising a public health threat. Regular epidemiological studies are suggested which could further reveal the contributing factors associated with dengue virus infection and help in formulating strategies in reducing the transmission rate and control of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poudel
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Shah Y, Katuwal A, Pun R, Pant K, Sherchand SP, Pandey K, Joshi DD, Pandey BD. Dengue in western Terai region of Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2012; 10:152-155. [PMID: 23034379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue Fever (DF) is an emerging mosquito-borne disease. It is a nagging public health problem in the low lands of Terai, expanding to new areas of Nepal in recent years. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine anti-Dengue IgM positive rate in Mahendranagar, Dhangadi and Dang between August 2008 and November 2009. Serum samples were collected from 283 patients visiting hospitals with history of fever, headache and suspected DF. The samples were examined by ELISA. RESULTS The anti-Dengue IgM positivity was found to be 9.8 %. The positive rate was highest in Mahendranagar (13.3 %) followed by Dhangadi (9.8 %) (P<0.05). The Dengue positive cases were higher in female (10.9 %) than males (9.0 %). The positivity was higher in Ethnic group Brahman/Chherti (13.1%) as compared to Janajati (5.6 %). The highest positive cases (10.7 %) were from age group above 50 years. The highest numbers of Dengue positive cases were observed in occupation group of agriculture (18.2 %) (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dengue has substantial expansion in Western and Far Western Terai region of Nepal which was limited to the middle Terai region in the past and mostly infects older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Kathmandu College of Science and Technology, Kalimati, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shah
- Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Upton, Wirral CH49 5PE, UK.
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Javed MK, Iqbal Z, Khan A, Khan A, Shah Y, Ahmad L. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPLC-UV METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CLOPIDOGREL IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM AND HUMAN PLASMA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.585482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Khan
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abad Khan
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Lateef Ahmad
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar, Pakistan
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Nasir F, Iqbal Z, Khan A, Ahmad L, Shah Y, Khan AZ, Khan JA, Khan S. Simultaneous determination of timolol maleate, rosuvastatin calcium and diclofenac sodium in pharmaceuticals and physiological fluids using HPLC-UV. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3434-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ahmad L, Iqbal Z, Nazir S, Shah Y, Khan A, Khan MI, Nasir F, Khan A. OPTIMIZATION AND VALIDATION OF HPLC-UV METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF OMEPRAZOLE AND ITS METABOLITES IN HUMAN PLASMA: EFFECTS OF VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS AND PARAMETERS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.569807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lateef Ahmad
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabnam Nazir
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abad Khan
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad I. Khan
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Nasir
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Khan
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar, Pakistan
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Samiullah, Iqbal Z, Khan MI, Khan A, Khan A, Shah Y, Ahmad L. Bioequivalence of 2 azithromycin capsule formulations: a randomized, single-dose, open-label, 2-period crossover study in healthy male pakistani volunteers. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2011; 72:95-108. [PMID: 24648579 PMCID: PMC3957164 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 68 brands of azithromycin capsule formulations are available in Pakistan; however, published data on their bioequivalence in the Pakistani population are not available. OBJECTIVE Upon instructions from and approval of the Ministry of Health, Pakistan, this study was designed to evaluate the bioequivalence of a locally manufactured azithromycin capsule formulation with a reference formulation from a multinational manufacturer. This study compared dissolution profiles, relative bioavailability, and other pharmacokinetic parameters of the 2 formulations. METHODS A single oral 500-mg dose of the 2 formulations was administered to 12 healthy adult Pakistani male volunteers under fasting conditions in a randomized, open-label, 2-period crossover study. The trial included collection of blood samples over 48 hours and a 2-week washout period. Azithromycin serum concentrations were quantified using a validated RP-HPLC/ultraviolet (UV) detection method. These results were used to determine the intended pharmacokinetic parameters. As mandated by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicine Agency, the test and reference formulations were considered bioequivalent if the 90% CIs of the geometric mean ratios for the log-transformed values of their pharmacokinetic parameters were within the predetermined range of 0.8 to 1.25. RESULTS When subjected to a simple model independent approach of dissolution profile comparison, f 1 (difference) and f 2 (similarity factor) were found to be 5.47 and 70.04, respectively. Similarly, the 2 azithromycin capsule formulations were well tolerated by all volunteers. Low %CV of the pharmacokinetic parameters at a sample size of 12 and significance level of 0.05 contributed to acceptable (>0.8) power of the test. The 90% CIs for the ratios of Cmax, AUC0-48, Tmax, t1/2, and mean residence time, respectively, were 0.83-0.93, 0.85-1.10, 0.86-1.08, 0.92-1.17, and 0.92-1.16. CONCLUSION This single-dose study found that test and reference formulations met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence in these fasted, healthy male Pakistani volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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