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Abbas M, Alossaimi MA, Altamimi ASA, Alajaji M, Watson DG, Shah SI, Shah Y, Anwar MS. Determination of α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentration by HPLC in patients following local infiltration analgesia for primary total hip arthroplasty and its relation to ropivacaine (total and unbound). Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1145962. [PMID: 37456752 PMCID: PMC10345198 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1145962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study was performed to determine the levels of α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) in old-age patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. AGP is considered an acute phase protein produced during the acute phase reaction in the body to various stimuli; their proper monitoring is thus important. Methods: In order to study how AGP concentrations in old age patients change in response to surgical stress (total hip arthroplasty), a high-performance liquid chromatography assay was performed to measure AGP levels. AGP was isolated from the plasma by adding perchloric acid and was analyzed using PLRP-S 4000°A column. The mobile phase consisted of 1 mL TFA/L of water (Solvent A pH 2) and 1 mL TFA/L of acetonitrile (Solvent B). The gradient used was as follows: 0 min 18% B and 82% A, 15 min 60% B and 40% A, and 17 min 60% B and 40% A followed by column re-equilibration for 7 min before the next injection. AGP peak was obtained between 8.8 and 8.9 min. The method was fully optimised according to established guidelines. Results: The data obtained were analyzed on ChromQuest software. AGP concentrations were determined in all samples, including baseline and samples taken at different timed intervals. The peak for AGP was obtained between 8.8 and 8.9 min for both standard AGP and patient plasma. The graphs indicate that AGP concentration in almost all patient samples increased considerably, especially after 4 h and 24 h-for example, initial concentration in patient 1 was 10.36 mg/100 mL but, after 24 h, increased to 23.50 mg/100 mL. There was thus almost a 13 mg/100 mL increase in 24 h, which is confirmed by AGP concentration increasing after various conditions, including surgery. The increased plasma protein binding was comparatively associated with the unchanged free fraction of the drug. Conclusion: This surgically induced increase in AGP concentration resulted in increased plasma protein binding of the drug (ropivacaine), which in turn kept the free portion of ropivacaine stable during the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Manal A. Alossaimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Alajaji
- College of Pharmacy, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David G. Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sayyed I. Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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Alossaimi MA, Elmansi H, Alajaji M, Altharawi A, Altamimi ASA, Magdy G. A Novel Quantum Dots-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Determination of the Anticancer Dacomitinib: Application to Dosage Forms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052351. [PMID: 36903599 PMCID: PMC10005270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising drugs recently approved for the treatment of various types of cancer is dacomitinib, which belongs to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor class. The US Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) has recently approved dacomitinib as a first-line treatment for patients suffering from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. The current study proposes the design of a novel spectrofluorimetric method for determining dacomitinib based on newly synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) as fluorescent probes. The proposed method is simple and does not require pretreatment or preliminary procedures. Since the studied drug does not have any fluorescent properties, the importance of the current study is magnified. When excited at 325 nm, N-CQDs exhibited native fluorescence at 417 nm, which was quantitatively and selectively quenched by the increasing concentrations of dacomitinib. The developed method involved the simple and green microwave-assisted synthesis of N-CQDs, using orange juice as a carbon source and urea as a nitrogen source. The characterization of the prepared quantum dots was performed using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The synthesized dots had consistently spherical shapes and a narrow size distribution and demonstrated optimal characteristics, including a high stability and a high fluorescence quantum yield (25.3%). When assessing the effectiveness of the proposed method, several optimization factors were considered. The experiments demonstrated highly linear quenching behavior across the concentration range of 1.0-20.0 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999. The recovery percentages were found to be in the range of 98.50-100.83% and the corresponding relative standard deviation (%RSD) was 0.984. The proposed method was shown to be highly sensitive with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.11 μg/mL. The type of mechanism by which quenching took place was also investigated by different means and was found to be static with a complementary inner filter effect. For quality purposes, the assessment of the validation criteria adhered to the ICHQ2(R1) recommendations. Finally, the proposed method was applied to a pharmaceutical dosage form of the drug (Vizimpro® Tablets) and the obtained results were satisfactory. Considering the eco-friendly aspect of the suggested methodology, using natural materials to synthesize N-CQDs and water as a diluting solvent added to its greenness profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A. Alossaimi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Heba Elmansi
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura P.O. Box 35516, Egypt
| | - Mai Alajaji
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Altharawi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
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Alajaji M, Saleh N, AlKhulaif AH, Mamede S, Rotgans JI, Sukkarieh H, AlHarbi N, Magzoub ME, Schmidt HG. Failure to demonstrate effects of interruptions on diagnostic reasoning: three experiments. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:182. [PMID: 35296302 PMCID: PMC8925158 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic error is a major source of patient suffering. Researchshows that physicians experience frequent interruptions while being engaged with patients and indicate that diagnostic accuracy may be impaired as a result. Since most studies in the field are observational, there is as yet no evidence suggesting a direct causal link between being interrupted and diagnostic error. Theexperiments reported in this article were intended to assess this hypothesis. METHODS Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that interruptions hurt diagnostic reasoning and increase time on task. In the first experiment (N = 42), internal medicine residents, while diagnosing vignettes of actual clinical cases were interrupted halfway with a task unrelated to medicine, solving word-spotting puzzles and anagrams. In the second experiment (N = 78), the interruptions were medically relevant ones. In the third experiment (N = 30), we put additional time pressure on the participants. In all these experiments, a control group diagnosed the cases without interruption. Dependent variables were diagnostic accuracy and amount of time spent on the vignettes. RESULTS In none of the experiments interruptions were demonstrated to influence diagnostic accuracy. In Experiment 1: Mean of interrupted group was 0.88 (SD = 0.37) versus non- interrupted group 0.91 (SD = 0.32). In Experiment 2: Mean of interrupted group was 0.95 (SD = 0.32) versus non-interrupted group 0.94 (SD = 0.38). In Experiment 3: Mean of interrupted group was 0.42 (SD = 0.12) versus non-interrupted group 0.37 (SD = 0.08). Although interrupted residents in all experiments needed more time to complete the diagnostic task, only in Experiment 2, this effect was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS These three experiments, taken together, failed to demonstrate negative effects of interruptions on diagnostic reasoning. Perhaps physicians who are interrupted may still have sufficient cognitive resources available to recover from it most of the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Alajaji
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Saleh
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ar Rimayah, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hassan AlKhulaif
- Emergency Medicine Department, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Silvia Mamede
- Erasmus University, Institute of Medical Education Research Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Centre, and Department of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000, DR, The Netherlands
| | - Jerome I Rotgans
- Medical Education Research and Scholarship Unit, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, 308232, Singapore
| | - Hatouf Sukkarieh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Takhassusi St, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf AlHarbi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ar Rimayah, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohi Eldin Magzoub
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Henk G Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000, DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kota D, Alajaji M, Bagdas D, Selley DE, Sim-Selley LJ, Damaj MI. Early adolescent nicotine exposure affects later-life hippocampal mu-opioid receptors activity and morphine reward but not physical dependence in male mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 173:58-64. [PMID: 30125591 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is extensive literature regarding nicotine-opioid functional interactions. The possibility that use of nicotine products during adolescence might increase the risk of substance abuse such as morphine later in adulthood is particularly relevant to the current opioid crisis. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of nicotine exposure for seven days during adolescence in mice on morphine reward as well as morphine physical dependence later in adulthood. METHODS Mice were exposed to nicotine in either early or late adolescence then evaluated for morphine reward and withdrawal symptoms in adulthood. A separate group of mice was exposed to nicotine during adolescent and tissue was evaluated for changes in MOR-mediated G-protein activity using [35S]GTPγS binding assays. RESULTS We report that a 7-day exposure to a low dose of nicotine during early adolescence significantly enhanced morphine preference in the CPP test in adult mice. In contrast, the same treatment with nicotine had no effect on expression of somatic withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent adult mice. MOR-mediated G-protein activity in hippocampus, but not thalamus and striatum of adult mice, was significantly altered by adolescent nicotine treatment. CONCLUSIONS Adolescence is a unique developmental stage during which nicotine has long-term effects on future drug-taking behavior. Further studies are needed to identify the neurotransmitters and mechanisms involved in increased vulnerability to drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Kota
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Mai Alajaji
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Deniz Bagdas
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Laura J Sim-Selley
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
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Alajaji M, Lazenka MF, Kota D, Wise LE, Younis RM, Carroll FI, Levine A, Selley DE, Sim-Selley LJ, Damaj MI. Early adolescent nicotine exposure affects later-life cocaine reward in mice. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:308-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Alajaji M, Bowers MS, Knackstedt L, Damaj MI. Effects of the beta-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone on nicotine withdrawal and nicotine-induced reinstatement of preference in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 228:419-26. [PMID: 23503685 PMCID: PMC3821836 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Several studies suggest that repeated nicotine administration causes alterations in glutaminergic transmission that may play an important role in developing and maintaining nicotine addiction. Chronic nicotine administration in rats decreases the expression of the glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and cysteine-glutamate exchanger (system xC-) in the nucleus accumbens. We hypothesized that ceftriaxone, a GLT-1 and system xC- activator, would decrease murine behavioral aspects of nicotine dependence. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of repeated ceftriaxone administration on the behavioral effects of nicotine using mouse models of conditioned reward and withdrawal. METHOD Using male ICR mice, the ability of repeated ceftriaxone injections to modulate the development and reinstatement of a nicotine-conditioned place preference (CPP) was evaluated. Additionally, nicotine withdrawal-associated signs were assessed. These included both physical (somatic signs and hyperalgesia) and affective (anxiety-related behaviors) withdrawal signs in mice. Finally, the effects of ceftriaxone on nicotine-induced antinociception and hypothermia after acute nicotine injection were measured. RESULT Ceftriaxone had no effect on the development of nicotine preference but significantly attenuated nicotine-induced reinstatement of CPP. Furthermore, ceftriaxone reversed all nicotine withdrawal signs measured in mice. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings show that a β-lactam antibiotic reduces nicotine withdrawal and nicotine-seeking behavior. Our results suggest that the documented efficacy of ceftriaxone against cocaine and morphine dependence-related behaviors effects extends to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Alajaji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - M. S. Bowers
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - L. Knackstedt
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - M. I. Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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