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Veillette JB, Carrier MA, Rinfret S, Mercier J, Arsenault J, Paradis JM. Occupational Risks of Radiation Exposure to Cardiologists. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:601-622. [PMID: 38625456 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Invasive cardiologists are exposed to large amounts of ionizing radiation. This review aims to summarize the main occupational risks in a radiation-exposed cardiology practice. RECENT FINDINGS We carried out a literature review on the subject. The studies reviewed allowed us to list six main health risk categories possibly associated with radiation exposure among cardiologists: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and biochemical damages; cancers; ocular manifestations; olfaction, vascular, and neuropsychological alterations; musculoskeletal problems; and reproductive risks. Our descriptive analysis demonstrates higher risks of DNA damage and lens opacities among radiation-exposed cardiology staff. Surveys and questionnaires have demonstrated a higher risk of musculoskeletal disease in exposed workers. Studies reported no difference in cancer frequency between radiation-exposed workers and controls. Changes in olfactory performance, neuropsychological aspects, and vascular changes have also been reported. Limited literature supports the security of continuing radiation-exposed work during pregnancy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase knowledge of the occupational risks of radiation exposure and to adopt technologies to reduce them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Benoît Veillette
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Carrier
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Rinfret
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Georgia Heart Institute, Gainesville, GA, USA
| | - Julien Mercier
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Arsenault
- Department of Engineering, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Paradis
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Department of Cardiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Pham ND, Tran TM, Anderson D, Che QT, Pham HTK. Baseline micronucleus frequencies and 60Co cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay dose-response curve for biodosimetry in Vietnam. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2024; 200:221-228. [PMID: 37807769 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to establish baseline micronucleus (MN) frequencies from various populations of residents in Vietnam and develop a 60Co dose-response curve for the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Blood samples were exposed in vitro to a 60Co source at a dose rate of 275 mGy per min in a range of 0.1 to 4.0 Gy. MN background frequencies were 4.5 ± 3.2, 7.3 ± 4.6, 7.0 ± 3.8 and 13.1 ± 6.7 in 1000 binucleated (BN) cells for 96 healthy donors, 22 male radiation workers and 12 breast cancer patients, respectively. Blood samples from three healthy donors were used to generate the MN dose-response curve: y = C + (0.0496 ± 0.0069)D + (0.0143 ± 0.0026)D2. This curve was verified through an inter-laboratory comparison (RENEB ILC 2021). Our findings highlight the significance of the CBMN assay as an additional essential tool for biodosimetry in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Duy Pham
- Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, No. 01, Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat City, Lamdong Province 66000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Mai Tran
- Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, No. 01, Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat City, Lamdong Province 66000, Vietnam
| | - Donovan Anderson
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1, Hon-cho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Quang Tuan Che
- Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, No. 01, Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat City, Lamdong Province 66000, Vietnam
| | - Ho Thuat Khoa Pham
- Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, No. 01, Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat City, Lamdong Province 66000, Vietnam
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Kochanova D, Gulati S, Durdik M, Jakl L, Kosik P, Skorvaga M, Vrobelova K, Vigasova K, Markova E, Salat D, Klepanec A, Belyaev I. Effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on genomic instability in interventional radiology workers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15525. [PMID: 37726322 PMCID: PMC10509213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventional radiologists are chronically exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation (IR), which may represent a health risk. The aim of the present study was to evaluate genomic instability by analyzing chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and 53BP1 DNA repair foci in peripheral blood lymphocytes of radiologists. Based on the IAEA guidelines on biodosimetry using dicentrics, the average protracted whole-body dose in radiologists were estimated. Since preleukemic fusion genes (PFG) are the primary events leading to leukemia, we also studied their presence by RT-qPCR and FISH. No significant difference in 53BP1 foci and incidence of PFG (MLL-AF4, MLL-AF9, AML1-ETO, BCR-ABL p190) was found in cells of interventional radiologists in comparison to controls. However, our results showed an increased frequency of micronuclei and various types of chromosomal aberrations including dicentrics in interventional radiologists. The average protracted whole body estimated dose was defined at 452.63 mGy. We also found a significantly higher amplification of the MLL gene segment and increased RNA expression in cells of interventional radiologists in comparison to controls. In conclusion, our results showed that long-term low-dose IR induces genomic instability in interventional radiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kochanova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Sachin Gulati
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matus Durdik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Jakl
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Kosik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Skorvaga
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Vrobelova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Vigasova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Markova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Salat
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Namestie J. Herdu 577/2, 917 01, Trnava, Slovakia
- Institute of Radiation Protection, Ltd., Stanicna 1062/24, 911 05, Trencin, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Klepanec
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Namestie J. Herdu 577/2, 917 01, Trnava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Spitalska 24 , 813 72 , Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Ahmad IM, Bartenhagen L, Michael K, Abdalla MY. Redox dysregulation in imaging professionals occupationally exposed to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:190-196. [PMID: 37703210 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2258194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Imaging professionals are occupationally exposed to chronic ionizing radiation (IR) and non-ionizing radiation (NIR). This study aimed to investigate the influence of occupational radiation exposure on oxidative stress and antioxidant levels based on blood biomarkers in different hospital imaging professional groups.Materials and methods: The study groups included 66 imaging professionals occupationally exposed to IR (n = 58, 43 diagnostic radiography (G1), seven nuclear medicine (G2), eight radiation therapy (G3)), and NIR (n = 8, ultrasound imaging (G4)) and 60 non-exposed controls. Blood levels of superoxide (O2•-) as an index of oxidative stress, and the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG), and catalase (CAT) were measured.Results: The blood values of O2•-, SOD, and CAT were significantly higher in imaging professionals occupationally exposed to radiation than in the control group (p < .05), while a significant decrease in the ratio of GSH/GSSG was observed (p < .05). The results from the NIR group were significantly higher compared to IR group.Conclusions: Based on these results, chronic exposure to radiation (IR and NIR) is associated with redox dysregulation that may result in damages to cellular biomolecules including lipids, proteins and DNA. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of redox dysregulation and the need for periodic examination among imaging professionals occupationally exposed to IR and NIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M Ahmad
- Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, & Therapeutic Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lisa Bartenhagen
- Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, & Therapeutic Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kimberly Michael
- Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, & Therapeutic Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maher Y Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
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Pajic J, Milovanovic APS. Biological response to the continuous occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs and radionuclides. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1934-1947. [PMID: 37498230 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2241901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antineoplastic drugs and radioiodine are recognized occupational risk factors affecting the genetic material of exposed persons. To assess cytogenetic damage and evaluate the presence of chromosomal instability during occupational exposure, a biomonitoring study was performed using a chromosomal aberration assay and a cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples from 314 healthy donors divided into 3 groups (control, exposed to antineoplastic drugs and exposed to radioiodine) were collected and cytogenetically analyzed. RESULTS There was an increase in almost all analyzed parameters registered in the exposed persons. Chromatid breaks were higher in the subjects exposed to antineoplastic drugs, while dicentrics and premature centromere division (PCD) parameters were higher in nuclear medicine workers. The total number of micronuclei was higher in both groups of the exposed. The correlation analysis indicated the association of dicentrics, acentrics, chromosome and chromatid break with PCDs in both groups of the exposed, and micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges with PCDs in the subjects exposed to radioiodine. The discriminant analysis marked off PCD1-5 as the best predictor of exposure. Age, sex, sampling season and duration of exposure significantly influenced the analyzed parameters, while smoking habits did not show any influence. CONCLUSION Based on the observed results, premature centromere division can be considered a valuable parameter of genotoxic risk for individuals occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar P S Milovanovic
- Occupational Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Belgrade, Serbia
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Bahrami Asl F, Islami-seginsara M, Ebrahimi Kalan M, Hemmatjo R, Hesam M, Shafiei-Irannejad V. Exposure to ionizing radiations and changes in blood cells and interleukin-6 in radiation workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:35757-35768. [PMID: 36538225 PMCID: PMC9764314 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause dire health consequences even less than the dose limits. Previous biomonitoring studies have focused more on complete blood counts (CBCs), with non-coherent results. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between exposure to IR and cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) along with hematological parameters in Tabriz megacity's radiation workers. In this hospital-based study, blood samples were taken from 33 radiation workers (exposed group) and 34 non-radiation workers (control group) in 4 hospitals. Absorbed radiation dose was measured by a personal film badge dosimeter in radiation workers. The studied biomarkers and all of the selected covariates were measured and analyzed using adjusted multiple linear regression models. The exposed doses for all radiation workers were under the dose limits (overall mean = 1.18 mSv/year). However, there was a significant association between exposure to ionizing radiation and IL-6 (49.78 vs 36.17; t = 2.4; p = 0.02) and eosinophils (0.17 vs 0.14; t = 2.02; p = 0.049). The difference between the mean of the other biomarkers in radiation workers was not statistically significant compared to the control group. This study demonstrated that long-term exposure to ionizing radiation, even under the dose limits, is related to a significantly increased level of some blood biomarkers (Il-6 and eosinophil) that, in turn, can cause subsequent health effects such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Bahrami Asl
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdi Islami-seginsara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Rasoul Hemmatjo
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mousa Hesam
- Radiation Health Unit, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Vice-Chancellor, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Shafiei-Irannejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Pajic J, Rakic B. Re-evaluation of CBMN test reference values of persons continuously occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation in Serbia. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 886:503583. [PMID: 36868697 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
When established, cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test reference values should be periodically evaluated according to the recommendations of reference documents. The biodosimetry cytogenetic laboratory of the Serbian Institute of Occupational Health established the CBMN test reference range for people occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation in 2016. Since then, new occupationally exposed persons have been subjected to micronucleus testing, resulting in the need for re-evaluation of existing CBMN test values. The examined population comprised 608 occupationally exposed subjects - 201 from the previous laboratory database and 407 newly examined. Comparison of groups based on gender, age and cigarette consumption did not show significant differences, although certain CBMN values differed significantly between the old and new groups. Duration of occupational exposure, gender, age and smoking habit influenced micronuclei frequency in all three analyzed groups, while no relation was found between type of work and micronucleus test parameters. Since the mean values of all tested parameters in the new group of examinees are within previously established reference ranges, existing values can be used in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Deligradska 29, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - B Rakic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Deligradska 29, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Modarai B, Haulon S, Ainsbury E, Böckler D, Vano-Carruana E, Dawson J, Farber M, Van Herzeele I, Hertault A, van Herwaarden J, Patel A, Wanhainen A, Weiss S, Esvs Guidelines Committee, Bastos Gonçalves F, Björck M, Chakfé N, de Borst GJ, Coscas R, Dias NV, Dick F, Hinchliffe RJ, Kakkos SK, Koncar IB, Kolh P, Lindholt JS, Trimarchi S, Tulamo R, Twine CP, Vermassen F, Document Reviewers, Bacher K, Brountzos E, Fanelli F, Fidalgo Domingos LA, Gargiulo M, Mani K, Mastracci TM, Maurel B, Morgan RA, Schneider P. Editor's Choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines on Radiation Safety. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2023; 65:171-222. [PMID: 36130680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Haverić A, Gajski G, Beganović A, Rahmanović A, Hadžić Omanović M, Ćetković T, Haverić S. Medical personnel occupationally exposed to low-dose ionising radiation in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: A cytogenetic study. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 882:503546. [PMID: 36155142 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Medical radiation exposures have been reduced significantly with modern equipment and protection measures. Biomonitoring of medical personnel can provide information concerning possible effects of radiation exposure. However, chromosome aberration (CA) analysis is now recommended only when the estimated effective dose is 200 mSv or higher. In this retrospective study in Bosnia and Herzegovina, we have measured the cytogenetic status of medical workers and healthy volunteers (controls). Peripheral blood samples from 66 medical workers exposed to low-dose ionising radiation and 89 non-exposed volunteers were collected for chromosome aberrations (CA) analysis and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Higher rates of chromatid and chromosome breaks, acentric fragments, double minutes, micronuclei, and micronucleated binuclear cells were observed in the control group, while the rate of nucleoplasmic bridges was higher in the medical workers group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Haverić
- University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adnan Beganović
- Clinical Centre, University of Sarajevo, Department of Radiation Protection and Medical Physics, Bolnička 25, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Science, Zmaja od Bosne 35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anisa Rahmanović
- University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maida Hadžić Omanović
- University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Tamara Ćetković
- University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanin Haverić
- University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Kadlcikova D, Musilova P, Hradska H, Vozdova M, Petrovova M, Svoboda M, Rubes J. Chromosomal damage in occupationally exposed health professionals assessed by two cytogenetic methods. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2022; 78:158-169. [PMID: 36073861 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2022.2118213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed occupationally induced chromosomal damage in hospital personnel at risk of exposure to antineoplastic drugs and/or low doses of ionizing radiation by two cytogenetic methods. Cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes of eighty-five hospital workers were examined twice over 2 to 3 years by classical chromosomal aberration analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The comparison of the 1st and the 2nd sampling of hospital workers showed a significant increase in chromatid and chromosomal aberrations (all p < .05) examined by classical chromosomal aberration analysis, and in unstable aberrations (all p < .05) detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Both cytogenetic methods were able to detect an increase of unstable aberrations in the 2nd sampling. The raised frequency of unstable cytogenetic parameters suggested higher recent exposure to genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Kadlcikova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Musilova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hradska
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miluse Vozdova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Petrovova
- Clinic of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Svoboda
- Clinic of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Rubes
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Tričković JF, Šobot AV, Joksić I, Joksić G. Telomere fragility in radiology workers occupationally exposed to low doses of ionising radiation. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2022; 73:23-30. [PMID: 35390241 PMCID: PMC8999593 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionising radiation damages DNA directly and indirectly through increased production of reactive oxygen species. Although telomeres have been reported as indicators of radiosensitivity, their maintenance in response to occupational exposure to low radiation doses is still a matter of debate. In this work we aimed to investigate telomere length and structure in hospital workers occupationally exposed to X-rays and to relate these findings to oxidation of biomolecules and chromosome aberrations. Blood samples of exposed participants and matching controls were taken during periodical check-ups. Chromosome aberrations and telomere length and structure were analysed in peripheral blood lymphocytes using Q-FISH, whereas oxidative stress parameters [pro/antioxidant balance (PAB), lipid peroxidation, and 8-oxo-dG] were measured in plasma samples. Based on the CA findings we divided the exposed group into two subgroups, of which one had chromosome aberrations in the first division metaphases and the other did not. There was no significant difference in telomere length between any of the groups. However, both subgroups showed significantly higher rate of fragile telomeres and higher lipid peroxidation product and 8-oxo-dG levels than controls. The rate of fragile telomeres significantly correlated with plasma levels of 8-oxo-dG, which suggests that continuous exposure to low radiation doses induces oxidative base damage of guanine resulting in telomere fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Filipović Tričković
- University of Belgrade Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Valenta Šobot
- University of Belgrade Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Joksić
- Narodni Front Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Joksić
- University of Belgrade Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
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Goula A, Chatzis A, Stamouli MA, Kelesi M, Kaba E, Brilakis E. Assessment of Health Professionals' Attitudes on Radiation Protection Measures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413380. [PMID: 34948989 PMCID: PMC8708066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Health professionals' knowledge, beliefs and perceptions concerning radiation protection may affect their behaviour during surgery and consequently influence the quality of health services. This study highlights the health professionals' average knowledge level and captures the beliefs, perceptions, and behaviours in a large public Greek hospital. (2) Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, including health professionals working in operating rooms. One hundred thirty-two staff members participated by responding to an original questionnaire. The sample consisted of nurses, radiographers and medical doctors of various specialties involved daily in surgical procedures where ionizing radiation is required. The survey was conducted from March to June 2021, and the response rate was 97%. (3) Results: The level of overall knowledge of health professionals regarding radiation protection safety was not satisfactory. Females and employees with a lower level of education had more misconceptions about radiation and radiation protection. Employees of younger ages and with less previous experience were more likely to have negative emotions towards radiation exposure. Finally, employees with fewer children tended to express physical complaints caused by their negative emotions due to radiation exposure. (4) Conclusions: Health professionals' lack of basic and specialized knowledge concerning radiation protection safety had a negative impact on the provision of health services. The continuing training of the staff seemed to be the only solution to reverse this trend. The training should highlight how radiation exposure can be minimized, safeguarding health professionals' trust and sense of security by significantly improving their working environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspasia Goula
- Master of Health and Social Care Management, Department of Business Administration, School of Administrative, Economics and Social Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (M.-A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Athanasios Chatzis
- Master of Health and Social Care Management, Department of Business Administration, School of Administrative, Economics and Social Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (M.-A.S.)
| | - Maria-Aggeliki Stamouli
- Master of Health and Social Care Management, Department of Business Administration, School of Administrative, Economics and Social Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (M.-A.S.)
| | - Martha Kelesi
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Evridiki Kaba
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (E.K.)
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Cunha LRCS, Pinto CA, Portilho A, Rocha CAM, Burbano R. Assays of genotoxic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals occupationally exposed to different x-ray systems in hospital radiology departments. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 872:503421. [PMID: 34798936 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We obtained peripheral blood lymphocyte samples from individuals occupationally exposed to X-rays in hospital radiology departments that use different radiology systems: analog film (AF), computerized radiology (CR), or digital radiology (DR). The micronucleus test (MNT) and comet assay were performed on the samples. Micronucleus cell counts (means vs. controls, i.e., individuals not occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation) were as follows: AF, 1.96 ± 0.21 vs 1.2 ± 0.25; CR, 1.89 ± 0.15 vs 1.31 ± 0.36; and DR, 1.75 ± 0.11 vs 1.59 ± 0.32. For the comet assay, damage scores were as follows; AF, 0.84 ± 0.22 vs 0.47 ± 0.04; CR, 0.64 ± 0.26 vs 0.43 ± 0.04; and DR, 0.56 ± 0.19 vs 0.49 ± 0035. These findings were consistent with cytogenetic damage due to radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R C S Cunha
- Physiology, University of Amazonia, BR-316, KM 03, Ananindeua, PA, 67113-901, Brazil.
| | - C A Pinto
- Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-900, Brazil.
| | - A Portilho
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Av. da Universidade, 2853, Benfica, Fortaleza, CE, 60020-903, Brazil.
| | - C A M Rocha
- Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Pará, Av. Almirante Barroso, 1155, Belem, PA, 66645-240, Brazil.
| | - R Burbano
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ophyr Loyola Hospital and Federal University of Pará, R. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
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Mrdjanović J, Šolajić S, Srđenović-Čonić B, Bogdanović V, Dea KJ, Kladar N, Jurišić V. The Oxidative Stress Parameters as Useful Tools in Evaluating the DNA Damage and Changes in the Complete Blood Count in Hospital Workers Exposed to Low Doses of Antineoplastic Drugs and Ionizing Radiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168445. [PMID: 34444191 PMCID: PMC8394042 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hospital workers at the Oncology Department are occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs (ANTNP) or low doses of ionizing radiation (Irrad). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the level of DNA damage, the oxidative stress parameters and complete blood count (CBC) of hospital workers in order to analyze the negative health effects of ANTNP and low dose Irrad. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) and proliferation index (PI) were analyzed by cytokinesis-block test. The oxidative stress biomarkers evaluated were the level of lipid peroxidation in plasma and catalase activity (CAT) in erythrocytes. A group of 86 hospital workers (35 exposed to ANTPN and 51 to Irrad) had increased MN frequency, CAT activity and level of lipid peroxidation compared to the control group, which consisted of 24 volunteers. The hemoglobin level was lower in the ANTNP group compared to thecontrol group, while a significant difference in RBC was recorded between thecontrol and Irrad groups, and in platelet count betweentheIrrad and ANTNP group. The results showed increased DNA damage, oxidative stress parameters, as well as impairment on complete blood count in hospital workers occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs and low-dose ionizing radiation. As this research has shown the importance of oxidative stress, we suggest that in addition to routine methods in periodic medical evaluation, the possibility of applying oxidative stress parameters is considered. Moreover, hospital workers exposed to ANTNP and Irrad in the workplace should undergo not only a more complete health prevention procedure but also have a more appropriate health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Mrdjanović
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (J.M.); (S.Š.); (V.B.)
| | - Slavica Šolajić
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (J.M.); (S.Š.); (V.B.)
| | - Branislava Srđenović-Čonić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.S.-Č.); (N.K.)
| | - Višnja Bogdanović
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (J.M.); (S.Š.); (V.B.)
| | - Karaba-Jakovljević Dea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Nebojša Kladar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.S.-Č.); (N.K.)
| | - Vladimir Jurišić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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Biomarkers of Genotoxicity in Medical Workers Exposed to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147504. [PMID: 34299125 PMCID: PMC8304237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical staff represent the largest group of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Chronic exposure to low-dose IR may result in DNA damage and genotoxicity associated with increased risk of cancer. This review aims to identify the genotoxicity biomarkers that are the most elevated in IR-exposed vs. unexposed health workers. A systematic review of the literature was performed to retrieve relevant studies with various biomarkers of genotoxicity. Subsequent meta-analyses produced a pooled effect size for several endpoints. The search procedure yielded 65 studies. Chromosome aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) frequencies were significantly different between IR-exposed and unexposed workers (θpooled = 3.19, 95% CI 1.46–4.93; and θpooled = 1.41, 95% CI 0.97–1.86, for total aberrant cells and MN frequencies, respectively), which was not the case for ring chromosomes and nucleoplasmic bridges. Although less frequently used, stable translocations, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and comet assay endpoints were also statistically different between IR-exposed and unexposed workers. This review confirms the relevance of CA and MN as genotoxicity biomarkers that are consistently elevated in IR-exposed vs. unexposed workers. Other endpoints are strong candidates but require further studies to validate their usefulness. The integration of the identified biomarkers in future prospective epidemiological studies is encouraged.
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Lee Y, Lee WJ, Jin YW, Jang S. Interventional radiologists have a higher rate of chromosomal damage due to occupational radiation exposure: a dicentric chromosome assay. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:8256-8263. [PMID: 33876297 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are growing concerns regarding radiation exposure in medical workers who perform interventional fluoroscopy procedures. Owing to the nature of certain interventional procedures, workers may be subjected to partial-body radiation exposure that is high enough to cause local damage. We aimed to investigate the level of radiation exposure in interventional radiologists in South Korea by performing cytogenetic biodosimetry, particularly focusing on partial-body exposure. METHODS Interventional radiologists (n = 52) completed a questionnaire, providing information about their work history and practices. Blood samples were collected and processed for a dicentric chromosome assay. We determined Papworth's U-value to assess the conformity of dicentrics with the Poisson distribution to estimate the partial-body exposures of the radiologists. RESULTS Radiologists had a higher number of dicentrics than the normal population and industrial radiographers. Indeed, subjects with a U-value of > 1.96, an indicator of heterogeneous exposure, were observed more frequently; 4.67 ± 0.81% of their body was irradiated at an average dose of 4.64 ± 0.67 Gy. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the total duration of all interventional procedures per week was associated with partial-body exposure levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that interventional radiologists had greater chromosomal damages than those in other occupational groups, and their partial-body exposure levels might be high enough to cause local damage. Use of special dosimeters to monitor partial-body exposure, as well as restricting the time and frequency of interventional procedures, could help reduce occupational radiation exposure. KEY POINTS • Interventional radiologists had a higher number of dicentrics than the normal population and industrial radiographers. • The level of partial-body exposure of interventional radiologists might be high enough to cause occupational local damage such as a skin cancer in fingers. • Restricting the duration and frequency of interventional procedures might be helpful in reducing occupational radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghyun Lee
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Jin
- National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjae Jang
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Use of Biological Dosimetry for Monitoring Medical Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. RADIATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/radiation1020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical workers are the largest group exposed to man-made sources of ionizing radiation. The annual doses received by medical workers have decreased over the last several decades, however for some applications, like fluoroscopically guided procedures, the occupational doses still remain relatively high. Studies show that for some procedures the operator and staff still use insufficient protective and dosimetric equipment, which might cause an underestimation of medical exposures. Physical dosimetry methods are a staple for estimating occupational exposures, although due to the inconsistent use of protection measures, an alternative method such as biological dosimetry might complement the physical methods to achieve a more complete picture. Such methods were used to detect exposures to doses as low as 0.1 mSv/year, and could be useful for a more accurate assessment of genotoxic effects of ionizing radiation in medical workers. Biological dosimetry is usually based on the measurement of the effects present in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Although some methods, such as chromosome aberration scoring or micronucleus assay, show promising results, currently there is no one method recognized as most suitable for dosimetric application in the case of chronic, low-dose exposures. In this review we decided to evaluate different methods used for biological dosimetry in assessment of occupational exposures of medical workers.
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Mirrezaei E, Setayeshi S, Zakeri F, Baradaran S. CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF IN VITRO DOSE-RESPONSE CALIBRATION CURVE USING DICENTRIC CHROMOSOME ABERRATION. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2020; 189:198-204. [PMID: 32195553 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic biodosimetry is a well-known method for quantifying the absorbed dose based on measuring biological radiation effects. To correlate the induced chromosomal abberrations with the absorbed dose of the individuals, a reliable dose-response calibration curve should be established. This study aimed to use frequencies and distributions of radiation-induced dicentric chromosome aberrations to develop a standard dose-response calibration curve. Peripheral blood samples taken from six male donors irradiated by an X-ray generator up to 4 Gy were studied. Three different blood samples were irradiated by known doses, then scored blindly for verification of the proposed calibration curve. Dose estimation was also carried out for three real overexposed cases. The results showed good accordance with the other published curves. The constructed dose-response curve provides a reliable tool for biological dosimetry in accidental or occupational radiation exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mirrezaei
- Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 11365-3486, Iran
| | - Saeed Setayeshi
- Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 11365-3486, Iran
| | - Farideh Zakeri
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran 14155-1339, Iran
| | - Samaneh Baradaran
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran 14155-1339, Iran
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Silva-Júnior FMRD, Tavella RA, Fernandes CLF, Mortola AS, Peraza GG, Garcia EM. Genotoxic risk in health-care professionals occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:356-370. [PMID: 32539670 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720932081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential influence of occupational ionizing radiation (IR) exposure on health professionals, assessing DNA damage using the comet and micronucleus (MN) assays and analyzing relative risks, correlations, and associated factors between outcomes and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Blood and buccal samples were collected from 36 workers, who actively participated in an imaging sector of a hospital, who were either exposed to IR directly or indirectly (9 internal control and 27 exposed), and 27 individuals living in the same city but with no occupational exposure (external control, unexposed/healthy). All radiation dosages performed on the 36 workers were less than 20 mSv/y, not exceeding the effective dose limit for occupational exposure. A questionnaire identified socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with the outcomes. The results of the MN assay showed a significant difference between both internal control and the exposed group when compared to the external control. For the comet assay, there were significant differences between the percent of tail DNA of the exposed group and external controls, but no difference was found between the exposed group and internal controls. Relative risk associations were found in time of exposure, hours worked per week, and perceived stress. Correlations were found between the outcomes and age, consumption of alcohol, and frequencies of X-rays during life. Variables that showed to be significant in the adjusted analysis were skin color and recent exposure to radiation. Albeit limited, the findings of this study suggest genotoxicity in both blood and buccal mucosa cells of workers exposed directly or indirectly to IR and that lifestyle and socioeconomic factors are associated and correlated with the risk of developing these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronan Adler Tavella
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gianni Goulart Peraza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
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20
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Lopes NB, Almeida IV, Lopes PHS, Vicentini VEP. Radioprotective efficacy of plastic polymer against the toxicogenomic effects of radiopharmaceutical 18F-FDG on human lymphocytes. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:154. [PMID: 32552900 PMCID: PMC7301467 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers occupationally exposed to 18F-FDG cannot wear protective equipment, such as lead aprons, since the interaction between high energy radiation (511 keV) and metal increases the dose of radiation absorption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the shielding efficacy of a plastic polymer against the toxicogenomic effects of ionizing radiation in human lymphocytes, using cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays. METHODS Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from three subjects and cultured under standard conditions. The cultures were exposed to 300 mCi of 18F-FDG at a distance of 10 cm for 10 min, in the absence of shielding or with lead, polymer, and lead + polymer shields. RESULTS Lead shielding was found to increase the number of counts detected by Geiger-Müller radiation monitors as a consequence of the photoelectron effect. Conversely, the lead + polymer shield reduced the number of counts. The lead, polymer, and lead + polymer shields significantly reduced the frequency of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds induced by ionizing radiation. Regarding cytotoxicity, only the lead + polymer shield re-established the cell cycle at the level observed for the negative control. CONCLUSIONS Lead aprons that are internally coated with polymer increased the radiological protection of individuals occupationally exposed to 18F-FDG PET/CT, especially during examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Vivian Almeida
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5.790, Bloco H67, Sala 11, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.
- Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Capitão Poço, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | - Veronica Elisa Pimenta Vicentini
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5.790, Bloco H67, Sala 11, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
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21
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Silva-Júnior FMRD, Tavella RA, Fernandes CLF, Mortola AS, Peraza GG, Garcia EM. Genotoxic risk in health-care professionals occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation. Toxicol Ind Health 2020. [DOI: org/10.1177/0748233720932081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential influence of occupational ionizing radiation (IR) exposure on health professionals, assessing DNA damage using the comet and micronucleus (MN) assays and analyzing relative risks, correlations, and associated factors between outcomes and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Blood and buccal samples were collected from 36 workers, who actively participated in an imaging sector of a hospital, who were either exposed to IR directly or indirectly (9 internal control and 27 exposed), and 27 individuals living in the same city but with no occupational exposure (external control, unexposed/healthy). All radiation dosages performed on the 36 workers were less than 20 mSv/y, not exceeding the effective dose limit for occupational exposure. A questionnaire identified socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with the outcomes. The results of the MN assay showed a significant difference between both internal control and the exposed group when compared to the external control. For the comet assay, there were significant differences between the percent of tail DNA of the exposed group and external controls, but no difference was found between the exposed group and internal controls. Relative risk associations were found in time of exposure, hours worked per week, and perceived stress. Correlations were found between the outcomes and age, consumption of alcohol, and frequencies of X-rays during life. Variables that showed to be significant in the adjusted analysis were skin color and recent exposure to radiation. Albeit limited, the findings of this study suggest genotoxicity in both blood and buccal mucosa cells of workers exposed directly or indirectly to IR and that lifestyle and socioeconomic factors are associated and correlated with the risk of developing these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronan Adler Tavella
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande – RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gianni Goulart Peraza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande – RS, Brazil
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22
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Antioxidant status and cytogenetic damage in hospital workers occupationally exposed to low dose ionizing radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 850-851:503152. [PMID: 32247560 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the oxidative stress level and chromosomal damage induced by occupational exposure to low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR). Two hundred and eighteen hospital workers occupationally exposed to LDIR were included in this study, along with 118 healthy age- and gender-comparable controls. Occupational dosimetry records were collected over the last year and revealed that the accumulated annual dose for each hospital worker was below the permissible limit of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The individuals' oxidative and antioxidative status were determined by measuring the activities of copper zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) enzymes, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in erythrocytes. The effect of radiation on chromosomal integrity was measured by the frequency of micronuclei (MN) formation using the cytokinesis block technique. Our results showed that the activities of CuZn-SOD and CAT enzymes and MDA levels observed in the hospital workers were higher than those in the controls (p < 0.05). We did not find significant difference in GSH-Px enzyme activity between the two groups (p = 0.247). A higher frequency of MN was found in exposed groups than in the controls [3(1-5) ‰ versus 2(0.75-4) ‰; p<0.001]. The difference was significant for males (p = 0.012), but not females (p = 0.14). Multiple linear regression analysis showed differences in the oxidant activities and MN frequency between hospital workers and controls adjusted for age, gender, smoking status and drinking status. Correlation analysis indicated that the frequency of MN was positively associated with MDA levels (p < 0.05). Altogether, these results support the detrimental effects of chronic low dose radiation in humans, which involves the induction of oxidative stress and chromosomal damage.
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23
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Shafiee M, Borzoueisileh S, Rashidfar R, Dehghan M, Jaafarian Sisakht Z. Chromosomal aberrations in C-arm fluoroscopy, CT-scan, lithotripsy, and digital radiology staff. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 849:503131. [PMID: 32087852 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have assessed chromosome-type aberrations and micronuclei in the peripheral lymphocytes of personnel working with C-arm fluoroscopy, multi-slice CT-scan, lithotripsy, and digital radiology medical procedures. The study population comprised of 46 exposed workers and 35 controls matched for age, gender, and other confounding factors. Chromosome-type aberrations and micronuclei were analyzed and compared with occupational dosimetry data. The highest frequency of both chromosome aberrations (1.62 CA/100 cells) and MN (MN = 7.47 ± 2.55) was observed in the operating room group. According to occupational dosimetry, surgeons and medical staff received 0-2.99 mSv over the previous year, well below the limit established by the International Committee on Radiation Protection. An increased level of chromosomal aberrations was observed among workers exposed in the operating rooms. We recommend that operating room radiation safety programs be improved and better supervised, in particular for orthopedic surgeons and personnel performing fluoroscopically guided procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Shafiee
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sajad Borzoueisileh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Razieh Rashidfar
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Dehghan
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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24
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Shakeri M, Zakeri F, Changizi V, Rajabpour MR, Farshidpour MR. Cytogenetic effects of radiation and genetic polymorphisms of the XRCC1 and XRCC3 repair genes in industrial radiographers. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2019; 58:247-255. [PMID: 30955049 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Different types of DNA damages caused by ionizing radiation may enhance the cancer risk in exposed individuals. Inherited variations in DNA repair genes cause the inter-individual variability in response to ionizing radiation. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of two important DNA repair genes (XRCC1 R399Q and XRCC3 T241M) and the level of DNA damage investigated by micronucleus (MN) frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 120 industrial radiographers (IR) and 120 non-exposed control individuals. The frequencies of MN and nucleoplasmic bridges were significantly higher in the IR group than in the control group (33.83 ± 11.96 vs. 7.47 ± 2.96, p < 0.0001 and 1.69 ± 1.86 vs. 0.12 ± 0.33, p < 0.0001). MN frequencies in the IR group were associated with the cumulative radiation doses (p < 0.0001, r = 0.58 for last 1 year of exposure and p < 0.0001, r = 0.67 for last 5 years of exposure). Polymorphism of XRCC3 T241M was associated with higher MN frequencies in the IR group. However, the same result was not observed between XRCC3 SNP and MN frequency in the control group. Consequently, XRCC3 241Met alleles may cause the increased DNA damage in the industrial radiographers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Shakeri
- Department of Technology of Radiology and Radiotherapy, Allied Medical Sciences School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Zakeri
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
- Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahid Changizi
- Department of Technology of Radiology and Radiotherapy, Allied Medical Sciences School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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El-Benhawy SA, Sadek NA, Behery AK, Issa NM, Ali OK. Chromosomal aberrations and oxidative DNA adduct 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine as biomarkers of radiotoxicity in radiation workers. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A. El-Benhawy
- Radiation Sciences Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nadia A. Sadek
- Hematology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal K. Behery
- Human Genetics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Issa
- Human Genetics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Osama K. Ali
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of 6 October, Cairo, Egypt
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Siama Z, Zosang-Zuali M, Vanlalruati A, Jagetia GC, Pau KS, Kumar NS. Chronic low dose exposure of hospital workers to ionizing radiation leads to increased micronuclei frequency and reduced antioxidants in their peripheral blood lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:697-709. [PMID: 30668213 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1571255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The regular low dose occupational exposure to ionizing radiation may induce deleterious health effects, which may be of particular interest to medical radiation workers who daily handle X-ray machines. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes are able to retain the signature of radiation-induced DNA damage, therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the DNA damage and antioxidants status in hospital workers occupationally exposed to low doses of X-rays. Materials and methods: The peripheral blood lymphocytes of the occupationally exposed and control groups matched for age, gender, tobacco usage, and alcohol consumption were cultured and micronuclei frequency was determined. Activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were also estimated in their plasma. Results: The micronuclei frequency in the occupationally exposed group (n = 33), increased significantly (p < .0001) followed by reduced glutathione-s-transferase (p < .01) and catalase (p < .001) activities, and increased lipid peroxidation (p < .05) when compared to the control group (n = 33). Occupational exposure resulted in an effective dose ranging between 3.14 to 144.5 mSv (40.88 ± 39.86mSv) depending on the employment duration of 3-29 years (10.33 ± 7.05 years). A correlation between the micronuclei frequency (p < .05) and catalase activity (p < .05) existed in the occupationally exposed individuals depending on the smoking habit, age, duration of employment, cumulative exposure dose and number of patients handled per day. Conclusions: We have observed that protracted low dose exposure to ionizing radiation is an inevitable occupational hazard leading to persistence of oxidative stress and increased genomic instability in the radiological technicians depending on the time spent with X-rays, cumulative dose received and the number of patients handled daily raising the risk of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zothan Siama
- a Department of Zoology, Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory , Mizoram University , Aizawl , India
| | - Mary Zosang-Zuali
- a Department of Zoology, Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory , Mizoram University , Aizawl , India
| | - Annie Vanlalruati
- a Department of Zoology, Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory , Mizoram University , Aizawl , India
| | - Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
- a Department of Zoology, Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory , Mizoram University , Aizawl , India
| | - Kham Suan Pau
- b Radiation Safety Agency, Directorate of Hospital and Medical Education , Aizawl , India
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Ahmad IM, Abdalla MY, Moore TA, Bartenhagen L, Case AJ, Zimmerman MC. Healthcare Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation Exhibit Altered Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Redox Parameters. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8010012. [PMID: 30609664 PMCID: PMC6356728 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown an increased risk for a variety of cancers, specifically brain cancer, in healthcare workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. Although the mechanisms mediating these phenomena are not fully understood, ionizing radiation-mediated elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative DNA damage, and immune modulation are likely involved. A group of 20 radiation exposed workers and 40 sex- and age-matched non-exposed control subjects were recruited for the study. We measured superoxide (O2•−) levels in whole blood of healthcare workers and all other measurements of cytokines, oxidative DNA damage, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) activity and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) in plasma. Levels of O2•− were significantly higher in radiation exposed workers compared to control. Similarly, a significant increase in the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1α and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α in radiation exposed workers compared to control was observed, while there was no significance difference in the other 27 screened cytokines. A significant positive correlation was found between MIP-1α and O2•− levels with no correlation in either IL-6 or IL-1α. Further, a dose-dependent relationship with significant O2•− production and immune alterations in radiation exposed workers was demonstrated. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of oxidative DNA damage, GSH/GSSG levels, or EcSOD activity. Although the biologic significance of cytokines alterations in radiation exposed workers is unclear, further studies are needed for determining the underlying mechanism of their elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M Ahmad
- Department of Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Maher Y Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | | | - Lisa Bartenhagen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Adam J Case
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Matthew C Zimmerman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Aguiar Torres L, Dos Santos Rodrigues A, Linhares D, Camarinho R, Nunes Páscoa Soares Rego ZM, Ventura Garcia P. Buccal epithelial cell micronuclei: Sensitive, non-invasive biomarkers of occupational exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 838:54-58. [PMID: 30678828 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated buccal epithelial cell micronucleus formation as a biomarker of genotoxic damage following occupational exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. Buccal epithelial cells were collected from 42 occupationally exposed medical personnel and 39 non-exposed individuals (reference group). Each individual in the exposed group was routinely monitored with a personal radiation badge. The frequency of micronucleated cells (MNC) was significantly higher in the exposed group (5.26 vs. 1.33 MNC/2000 cells) and correlated strongly with accumulated radiation dose (Annual Deep Dose, mSv). Occupational exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation was associated with an 80% relative increase in the frequency of MNC (MRR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-2.8), suggesting that such exposures cause DNA damage. This non-invasive biomonitoring method should be generally applicable to studies of workers who are exposed occupationally to low doses of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armindo Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; IVAR, Institute of Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Diana Linhares
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; IVAR, Institute of Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Camarinho
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; IVAR, Institute of Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | | | - Patrícia Ventura Garcia
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; cE3c-ABG, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes /Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
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29
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Gerić M, Popić J, Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Cytogenetic status of interventional radiology unit workers occupationally exposed to low-dose ionising radiation: A pilot study. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 843:46-51. [PMID: 31421738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interventional radiology unit workers represent one of the occupationally most exposed populations to low-dose ionizing radiation. Since there are many uncertainties in research of doses below 100 mSv, this study attempted to evaluate DNA damage levels in chronically exposed personnel. The study group consisted of 24 subjects matched with a control population by the number of participants, age, gender ratio, active smoking status, the period of blood sampling, and residence. Based on regular dosimetry using thermoluminiscent dosimeters, our study group occupationally received a dose of 1.82 ± 3.60 mSv over the last year. The results of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and the comet assay showed a higher nuclear buds frequency (4.09 ± 1.88) and tail length (15.46 ± 1.47 μm) than in the control group (2.96 ± 1.67, 14.05 ± 1.36 μm, respectively). Differences in other descriptors from both tests did not reach statistical significance. Further investigations are needed to develop algorithms for improving personal dosimetry and those that would engage larger biomonitoring study groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Popić
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Ko S, Kang S, Ha M, Kim J, Jun JK, Kong KA, Lee WJ. Health Effects from Occupational Radiation Exposure among Fluoroscopy-Guided Interventional Medical Workers: A Systematic Review. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018; 29:353-366. [PMID: 29306599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic review was conducted to provide an overview of the health effects of occupational radiation exposure from interventional fluoroscopy procedures on medical radiation workers. Among the 34 studies that met the inclusion criteria, most studies were cross-sectional (76%) and published after 2011 (65%) in a handful of countries. Although diverse outcomes were reported, most studies focused on cataracts. Radiation health effects were rarely assessed by risk per unit dose. Interventional radiation medical workers represent a small subset of the population studied worldwide. Further epidemiologic studies should be conducted to evaluate health outcomes among interventional radiation medical workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulki Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, South Korea; Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonghoon Kang
- Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae Kwan Jun
- National Cancer Control Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Ae Kong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, South Korea; Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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31
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Wang H, Chen Q, Liu G, Tian Y, Zhang F, Qu J, Lim D, Feng Z. The Comparison of Health Status Between Male and Female Medical Radiation Workers in China. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 175:508-516. [PMID: 28096311 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To assess the health statue of chronically exposed Chinese medical radiation workers. A cross-sectional study of 530 medical radiation workers in a city of China was conducted to document the health status and the monitored annually absorbed doses. Long-term and low-dose radiation exposure can affect a number of health indicators in the individuals, which covered the cardiovascular system, hematologic system, ophthalmology, liver and kidney's functions, chromosome aberration and micronucleus. The differences in the health status between male and female individuals were associated with job types and exposed years of service. The monitored doses of individuals were lower than the limit value of the national standard. The health status in chronically exposed individuals demonstrated some gender difference associated with length of exposure and work type. This study provides some evidence to understand the health status of medical radiation workers in China and have the potentially to inform screening and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province250012, China
| | - Qianshu Chen
- Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong253000, China
| | - Guochao Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province250012, China
| | - Youjia Tian
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province250012, China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province250012, China
| | - Jianying Qu
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - David Lim
- Flinders Rural Health South Australia, Victor Harbor, South Australia 5211, Australia
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province250012, China
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Shakeri M, Zakeri F, Changizi V, Rajabpour MR, Farshidpour MR. A cytogenetic biomonitoring of industrial radiographers occupationally exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation by using cbmn assay. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 175:246-251. [PMID: 27881793 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Industrial radiography is the process of using either gamma-emitting radionuclide sources or X-ray machines to examine the safety of industrial materials. The average annual effective dose in industrial radiography is one of the highest among radiation workers. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytogenetic effects of ionizing radiation in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 60 industrial radiographers and 40 non-exposed individuals as the control group by using cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Totally, the frequencies of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) were significantly higher in the industrial radiographers than in the controls (p = 0.000). The mean MN frequency per 1000 binucleated cells in the industrial radiographers with last 5-y radiation dose of >100 mSv was significantly higher than those with ≤100 mSv (34.81 ± 12.7‰ vs. 26.33 ± 7.94‰, p = 0.024). The effect of age was observed in the control group and subjects with the age of >30 y showed significantly higher MN frequency compared with the subjects with the age of ≤30 y (9.45 ± 3.71‰ vs. 6.81 ± 3.05‰, p = 0.02). No obvious trend of increased MN as a function of either duration of employment or age or smoking status was observed in the industrial radiographers. The results show the increased levels of cytogenetic damages in the industrial radiographers. Even the workers exposed to the permissible doses are subjected to elevated frequencies of DNA damages. These findings confirm the importance of cytogenetic biomonitoring program beside physical dosimetry, surveying radiation safety of equipment and periodic training of workers for improvement of safety and radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Shakeri
- Department of Technology of Radiology and Radiotherapy, Allied Medical Sciences School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Zakeri
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Changizi
- Department of Technology of Radiology and Radiotherapy, Allied Medical Sciences School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pajic J, Jovicic D, Ps Milovanovic A. Micronuclei as a marker for medical screening of subjects continuously occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation. Biomarkers 2016; 22:439-445. [PMID: 27457054 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1217934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genotoxicity assays are widely employed in human biomonitoring studies to assess genetic damage inflicted by genotoxic agents. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of micronuclei (MN) as a screening marker of occupational ionizing radiation (IR) exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using micronucleus test, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 402 control and exposed subjects were screened for genetic damage. RESULTS The mean frequencies of micronucleus test parameters were significantly higher in exposed persons. Increase of micronucleus yield with duration of exposure (DOE) by 0.303MN/year was revealed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The obtained data encourage us to consider MN as valuable markers for preventive medical screening of occupationally exposed groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pajic
- a Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic" , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Dubravka Jovicic
- b Genotoxicology Department, Faculty of Applied Ecology "Futura" , University "Singidunum" , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Ps Milovanovic
- a Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic" , Belgrade , Serbia.,c Occupational Health Department, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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The bactericidal effect of an ionizer under low concentration of ozone. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:173. [PMID: 27475908 PMCID: PMC4967512 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several mechanisms have been suggested for the bactericidal action of ionizers including electrical phenomena, effects of negative and positive ions and electrostatic repulsion. Negative and positive ions have indeed been shown to have bactericidal effects. In addition, since ozone is generated along with ions, these may contribute to the bacterial killing. In this study, we used a newly developed ionizer, which generates a relatively low concentration of ozone, to determine whether its effect on bacterial cells were due to ions or ozone, and, if ions, how the ions exerted their effects. RESULTS The effect of ions on bacterial killing was compared with that of the ozone produced using an ion trap to remove the ions. The ionizer had the ability to kill the bacteria, and ion capture dramatically reduced its bactericidal effect, indicating that the ozone generated had little or no bactericidal effect under these conditions, and the ions produced were responsible for almost all the bacterial killing. Operation of the ionizer increased the level of 8-oxo-dG, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, and decreased aconitase activity, which is known to be sensitive to ROS. The ionizer further affected the adenylate energy charge of bacterial cells. Removal of the ions with the ion trap greatly reduced all these effects. CONCLUSION These results indicate that negative and positive ions generated by the ionizer are responsible for inducing oxidative stress and so reducing bacterial survival.
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VRAL ANNE, DECORTE VEERLE, DEPUYDT JULIE, WAMBERSIE ANDRÉ, THIERENS HUBERT. A semi‑automated FISH‑based micronucleus‑centromere assay for biomonitoring of hospital workers exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:103-10. [PMID: 27176451 PMCID: PMC4918626 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to perform cytogenetic analysis by means of a semi‑automated micronucleus‑centromere assay in lymphocytes from medical radiation workers. Two groups of workers receiving the highest occupational doses were selected: 10 nuclear medicine technicians and 10 interventional radiologists/cardiologists. Centromere‑negative micronucleus (MNCM‑) data, obtained from these two groups of medical radiation workers were compared with those obtained in matched controls. The blood samples of the matched controls were additionally used to construct a 'low‑dose' (0‑100 mGy) MNCM‑ dose‑response curve to evaluate the sensitivity and suitability of the micronucleus‑centromere assay as an 'effect' biomarker in medical surveillance programs. The physical dosimetry data of the 3 years preceding the blood sampling, based on single or double dosimetry practices, were collected for the interpretation of the micronucleus data. The in vitro radiation results showed that for small sized groups, semi‑automated scoring of MNCM‑ enables the detection of a dose of 50 mGy. The comparison of MNCM‑ yields in medical radiation workers and control individuals showed enhanced MNCM‑ scores in the medical radiation workers group (P=0.15). The highest MNCM‑ scores were obtained in the interventional radiologists/cardiologists group, and these scores were significantly higher compared with those obtained from the matched control group (P=0.05). The higher MNCM‑ scores observed in interventional radiologists/cardiologists compared with nuclear medicine technicians were not in agreement with the personal dosimetry records in both groups, which may point to the limitation of 'double dosimetry' procedures used in interventional radiology/cardiology. In conclusion, the data obtained in the present study supports the importance of cytogenetic analysis, in addition to physical dosimetry, as a routine biomonitoring method in medical radiation workers receiving the highest occupational radiation burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- ANNE VRAL
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - VEERLE DECORTE
- Scientific Committee Centre de Services Interentreprises, External Service For Prevention and Protection at Work, Catholic University of Louvain, St-Luc Clinical University, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - JULIE DEPUYDT
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - ANDRÉ WAMBERSIE
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology Unit, Catholic University of Louvain, St-Luc Clinical University, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - HUBERT THIERENS
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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36
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Rastkhah E, Zakeri F, Ghoranneviss M, Rajabpour MR, Farshidpour MR, Mianji F, Bayat M. The cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay: dose-response calibration curve, background frequency in the population and dose estimation. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:41-51. [PMID: 26507139 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro study of the dose responses of human peripheral blood lymphocytes was conducted with the aim of creating calibrated dose-response curves for biodosimetry measuring up to 4 Gy (0.25-4 Gy) of gamma radiation. The cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay was employed to obtain the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) per binucleated cell in blood samples from 16 healthy donors (eight males and eight females) in two age ranges of 20-34 and 35-50 years. The data were used to construct the calibration curves for men and women in two age groups, separately. An increase in micronuclei yield with the dose in a linear-quadratic way was observed in all groups. To verify the applicability of the constructed calibration curve, MN yields were measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes of two real overexposed subjects and three irradiated samples with unknown dose, and the results were compared with dose values obtained from measuring dicentric chromosomes. The comparison of the results obtained by the two techniques indicated a good agreement between dose estimates. The average baseline frequency of MN for the 130 healthy non-exposed donors (77 men and 55 women, 20-60 years old divided into four age groups) ranged from 6 to 21 micronuclei per 1000 binucleated cells. Baseline MN frequencies were higher for women and for the older age group. The results presented in this study point out that the CBMN assay is a reliable, easier and valuable alternative method for biological dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rastkhah
- Islamic Azad University, Science Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Zakeri
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
- Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Ghoranneviss
- Islamic Azad University, Science Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - F Mianji
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Bayat
- Islamic Azad University, Science Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
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Ahmad IM, Temme JB, Abdalla MY, Zimmerman MC. Redox status in workers occupationally exposed to long-term low levels of ionizing radiation: A pilot study. Redox Rep 2016; 21:139-45. [PMID: 26817988 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2015.1101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide (O2(•-)), play an important role in the biological effects of ionizing radiation. The human body has developed different antioxidant systems to defend against excessive levels of ROS. The aim of the present study is to investigate the redox status changes in the blood of radiologic technologists and compare these changes to control individuals. METHODS We enrolled 60 medical workers: 20 occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation (all radiologic technologists), divided in three subgroups: conventional radiography (CR), computerized tomography (CT), and interventional radiography (IR) and 40 age- and gender-matched unexposed controls. Levels of O2(•-) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood were measured as an index of redox status, as were the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Redox status was also assessed by measuring levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG, respectively). RESULTS Levels of O2(•-) and MDA, and SOD activity in the blood of IR and CT-exposed subjects were significantly higher than both the CR-exposed subjects and control individuals. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the levels of catalase, GSH and ratio of GSH/GSSG between exposed workers and control individuals. DISCUSSION This study suggests that healthcare workers in CT and IR occupationally exposed to radiation have an elevated circulating redox status as compared to unexposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M Ahmad
- a Radiation Science Technology Education, College of Allied Health Professions , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - James B Temme
- a Radiation Science Technology Education, College of Allied Health Professions , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Maher Y Abdalla
- b Department of Pathology and Microbiology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Matthew C Zimmerman
- c Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
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38
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Pinto M, Amaral A. Biological dose assessment after low-dose overexposures in nuclear medicine. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 162:254-259. [PMID: 24225496 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the application of dicentric chromosome assay biodosimetry in cases of low-dose overexposures to professionals working in nuclear medicine and discusses how to present the results and associated uncertainties, to make possible a better understanding of biodosimetric reports. Five examples are presented of low or possibly zero exposure dose that are illustrative of typical problems that arise in occupational settings, in this instance in nuclear medicine departments. This is a scenario of minor concern in terms of health consequences but it is relevant in legal terms. They pose dilemmas for investigators but biological dosimetry can make a valuable contribution to resolving the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Pinto
- Nuclear Energy Department of Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária, Av. Professor Luiz Freire, 1000, 50740-540 Recife, Brazil
| | - Ademir Amaral
- Nuclear Energy Department of Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Cidade Universitária, Av. Professor Luiz Freire, 1000, 50740-540 Recife, Brazil
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Dobrzyńska MM, Pachocki KA, Gajowik A, Radzikowska J, Sackiewicz A. The effect occupational exposure to ionizing radiation on the DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes of nuclear medicine personnel. J Occup Health 2014; 56:379-86. [PMID: 25168923 DOI: 10.1539/joh.13-0287-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was estimation of DNA strand breaks in leukocytes of peripheral blood of staff in a nuclear medicine department. METHODS The exposed group consisted of 46 volunteers and the control group consisted of 40 volunteers. Samples consisting of 1 ml whole blood were collected by venepuncture. DNA damage in leukocytes was detected by alkaline comet assay. RESULTS There was no correlation between the effective dose measured by individual dosimeters and DNA damage and no differences between sexes. The mean level of damage to DNA in people exposed to ionizing radiation was significantly elevated compared with control individuals. The highest value for mean comet tail moment was noted in leukocytes of PET/CT and scintigraphy technicians (1.28 vs. 0.30 for control, p=0.013). The levels of DNA damage in leukocytes of workers in category B (effective dose may exceed 1 mSv/year) were significantly enhanced. The DNA migration of leukocytes in exposed smokers and nonsmokers was similar. In the control group the damage to DNA of leukocytes in smokers was markedly but not significantly higher compared with nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation leads to enhanced levels of reversible DNA damage in leukocytes of nuclear medicine employees. The level of DNA damage depends on the kind of work. Cigarette smoking is related to the increase in DNA damage in unexposed individuals but not in nuclear medicine workers. Radiation seems to be a stronger inducer of DNA damage than smoking. Although most of the DNA damage detected by comet assay is repaired, further improvement of radiation safety should be taken under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata M Dobrzyńska
- Department of Radiation Hygiene and Radiobiology, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene
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Han L, Zhao FL, Sun QF, Wang P, Wang XA, Guo F, Fu BH, Lü YM. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes, many years after exposure of workers to low-dose ionizing radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 771:1-5. [PMID: 25308435 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to measure chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 25 subjects exposed to 0.10-0.33 Gy external or internal irradiation 32-41 years ago using conventional cytogenetic analysis methods. The frequencies of total chromosome-type aberrations and micronucleus significantly increased in the exposed group compared with that in age-matched control group (p<0.001); chromatid-type aberrations showed no difference between the two groups (p>0.05). When exposed subjects were divided into two groups based on exposure dose, higher levels of dicentric plus translocation frequencies were observed in the ≥0.15 Gy dose group compared with those in the <0.15 Gy dose group, though the difference was not significant. Borderline association between exposure dose and dicentric frequency was detected in the exposed group (r=0.358; p=0.079). These results suggest that the genotoxic effects of ionizing radiation remain in subjects exposed to low-dose radiation even decades after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Feng-Ling Zhao
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Quan-Fu Sun
- National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Xi-Ai Wang
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Fei Guo
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Bao-Hua Fu
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Yu-Min Lü
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
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Vellingiri B, Shanmugam S, Subramaniam MD, Balasubramanian B, Meyyazhagan A, Alagamuthu K, Prakash V, Shafiahammedkhan M, Kathannan S, Pappuswamy M, Raviganesh B, Anand S, Shahnaz N D, Cho SG, Keshavarao S. Cytogenetic endpoints and Xenobiotic gene polymorphism in lymphocytes of hospital workers chronically exposed to ionizing radiation in Cardiology, Radiology and Orthopedic Laboratories. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 100:266-274. [PMID: 24290889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is known as a classical mutagen capable of inducing various kinds of stable and unstable chromosomal aberrations (CA) including the possibility of increasing the incidence of DNA damage. This study aims to assess occupationally induced CA in workers chronically exposed to low doses of IR in Radiology (RL), Cardiology (CL) and Orthopedic (OL) Laboratories in hospitals of Tamil Nadu. We performed the analysis of CA by trypsin G-banding, micronucleus (MN) assay, Comet assay and Xenobiotic-metabolizing gene polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) in 56 exposed and 56 control subjects who were matched for gender and age (± 2 years). Higher degree of CA and MN frequencies were observed in exposed groups, especially in CL subjects compared to other exposed groups and controls (p<0.05). Higher frequency of DNA tail length and tail moment was observed in the CL exposed subjects compared to the RL and OL subjects. The frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were 39.3 percent and 14.3 percent, respectively. No significant difference in allele frequencies between exposed subjects and controls were observed (p=0.0128). Using multiple linear regression analysis, statistical significance was determined for work duration and age for the CL, RL and OL workers and the examination of the possible impact by confounding factors showed few significant influences on the radiation exposure, as a specific biomarker. However, the findings from the present study suggest that, awareness should be created among the personnel exposed to radiations in hospital laboratories, highlighting the necessity of applying radiation protection principles against medical radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sureshkumar Shanmugam
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthickkumar Alagamuthu
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Varsha Prakash
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sankar Kathannan
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikantan Pappuswamy
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Banu Raviganesh
- PG and Research Center, Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College, India
| | | | | | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Molecular Cell Biology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143 701, South Korea
| | - Sasikala Keshavarao
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
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Uthoff H, Benenati MJ, Katzen BT, Peña C, Gandhi R, Staub D, Schernthaner M. Lightweight Bilayer Barium Sulfate–Bismuth Oxide Composite Thyroid Collars for Superior Radiation Protection in Fluoroscopy-guided Interventions: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Radiology 2014; 270:601-6. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13122834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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The cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay: Dose estimation and inter-individual differences in the response to γ-radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 760:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Santovito A, Cervella P, Delpero M. Increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral lymphocytes of radiology technicians chronically exposed to low levels of ionizing radiations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:396-403. [PMID: 24440812 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome aberrations (CAs) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) frequencies were estimated in peripheral lymphocytes from 21 radiology technicians, and from 21 non-exposed control subjects. We exclusively considered individuals who neither smoke nor consume drugs or alcohol for a period of at least two years prior to the analysis. Significant differences were found between exposed and controls in terms of SCEs and CAs frequencies. Technicians showed a significant higher number of high-frequency individuals (HFIs) with respect to the control group. Nevertheless, the mean frequency of SCEs observed among technician HFIs did not significantly differ with respect to that observed among control HFIs. Vice versa, the non-HFIs belonging to technicians group showed a statistically higher difference in the SCEs/NSM value with respect to the non-HFIs belonging to control group. Since the differences in the SCEs frequencies between the two groups are due to non-HFIs, our results seem to indicate a general genotoxic effect of the IR, not affected by HFIs. Among technicians, the level of chromosome damage correlated neither with years of radiation exposure nor with the age of the subjects. Vice versa, in the control group, a positive correlation was found between the number of SCEs and age. In both samples the gender status did not influence the frequencies of CAs and SCEs. Our results suggest that chronic long-term exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation could increase the CAs and SCEs frequencies. This study reinforces the relevance of the biomonitoring of hospital workers chronically exposed to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Santovito
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, 10123 Torino, Italy.
| | - Piero Cervella
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Delpero
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina n. 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
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Sakly A, Ayed Y, Chaari N, Akrout M, Bacha H, Cheikh HB. Assessment of Chromosomal Aberrations and Micronuclei in Peripheral Lymphocytes from Tunisian Hospital Workers Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013. [DOI: org/10.1089/gtmb.2012.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Sakly
- Laboratory of Genetics (02/UR/08-03), University Medicinal School of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Ayed
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Neila Chaari
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Ergonomics, EPS Fattouma Bourguiba of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Akrout
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Ergonomics, EPS Fattouma Bourguiba of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Bacha
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Ben Cheikh
- Laboratory of Genetics (02/UR/08-03), University Medicinal School of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Sakly A, Ayed Y, Chaari N, Akrout M, Bacha H, Cheikh HB. Assessment of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in peripheral lymphocytes from tunisian hospital workers exposed to ionizing radiation. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 17:650-5. [PMID: 23216272 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that cytogenetic biomarkers, such as micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes may predict cancer risk because they indicate genomic instability. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the frequencies of MN and chromosome aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of hospital workers exposed to ionizing radiation and healthy subjects. The study was conducted using peripheral blood lymphocytes from 30 workers from the radiology department and 30 from the cardiology department. This study included 27 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals as the control group. The assessment of chromosomal damage was carried out by the use of CA and micronucleus assays in peripheral lymphocytes. Our results show that CA and micronucleus frequencies were significantly higher among the exposed groups when compared to controls. Our finding of significant increase of CA and MN frequencies in peripheral lymphocytes in exposed workers indicates a potential cytogenetic hazard due to this exposure. The enhanced chromosomal damage of subjects exposed to genotoxic agents emphasizes the need to develop safety programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Sakly
- Laboratory of Genetics (02/UR/08-03), University Medicinal School of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Ropolo M, Balia C, Roggieri P, Lodi V, Nucci MC, Violante FS, Silingardi P, Colacci A, Bolognesi C. The micronucleus assay as a biological dosimeter in hospital workers exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation. Mutat Res 2012; 747:7-13. [PMID: 22525360 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The health risk associated with low levels of ionizing radiation is still a matter of debate. A number of factors, such as non-target effects, adaptive responses and low-dose hypersensitivity, affect the long-term outcome of low-dose exposures. Cytogenetic bio-dosimetry provides a measure of the absorbed dose, taking into account the individual radiation sensitivity. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the value of the micronucleus (MN) test as a bio-dosimeter in hospital workers exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation. Blood samples were obtained from 30 subjects selected among workers exposed to X- and gamma-radiation, and 30 controls matched for sex, age and smoking from the same hospital. Micronucleus frequencies were analyzed by use of the cytokinesis-block method. The MN frequency was compared among the groups considering the confounding factors and the length of employment. No increase in the number of bi-nucleated cells with MN (BNMN), but a significant increase in the number of mono-nucleated cells with micronuclei (MOMN) was observed in exposed subjects compared with the controls. The relationship between MN frequency and accumulated dose (mSv) was evaluated. The length of employment did not affect the extent of MN frequency, but an increase of BNMN and MOMN cells was observed based on the accumulated radiation dose. Our study shows the sensitivity of the MN test in the detection of cytogenetic effects of cumulative exposure levels, suggesting the potential usefulness of this assay in providing a biological index in medical surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ropolo
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino -IST, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Balia
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino -IST, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Roggieri
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino -IST, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lodi
- Occupational Health Unit S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Silingardi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency-Emilia Romagna Region (ER-EPA), 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Occupational Health Unit S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino -IST, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
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Kaspler P, Chen R, Hyrien O, Jelveh S, Bristow RG, Hill RP. Biodosimetry using radiation-induced micronuclei in skin fibroblasts. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 87:824-38. [PMID: 21801108 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.582927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed micronuclei in dermal fibroblasts as a local biodosimeter for estimating accidental in vivo radiation exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male and female C3H/HeJ and C57Bl6 mice of four age groups (∼11, 36, 60 and 99 weeks) received a single whole body dose of gamma radiation (0-10 Gy) and radiation-induced micronuclei per 1,000 binucleated cells were assessed in skin fibroblasts in their first division after isolation from biopsies taken on days 1 and 7 post irradiation. The method of generalized estimating equations was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Total micronuclei were increased on day 1 in a dose-dependent manner in the range of 1-10 Gy, with no significant attenuation of response between day 1 and day 7 and no significant effect of gender. Between-strain differences were observed with C3H/HeJ mice showing lower background micronuclei and a slightly steeper dose response. Age affected only the background micronuclei (moderate increase with age). The model demonstrated that the assay yields 'unbiased' prediction of the dose between 0 and 7 Gy. Within this dose range, the predicted dose was found to be accurate within ±1.5-2 Gy. When the specificity is set to 95%, the assay can distinguish between unexposed and 2 Gy exposed mice with a sensitivity of around 60%. The sensitivity approached 100% when discriminating between unexposed mice and mice receiving doses equal to or greater than 4 Gy. The percentage of binucleated cells with micronuclei was shown to be useful as a simpler and slightly faster substitute for the total micronuclei count. CONCLUSION Micronuclei in dermal fibroblasts isolated up to 1 week after irradiation can be a useful biodosimeter for local dose after accidental radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kaspler
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Paz-y-Miño C, Cumbal N, Sánchez ME. Genotoxicity studies performed in the ecuadorian population. Mol Biol Int 2012; 2012:598984. [PMID: 22496977 PMCID: PMC3306904 DOI: 10.1155/2012/598984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotoxicity studies in Ecuador have been carried out during the past two decades. The focuses of the research were mainly the area of environmental issues, where the populations have been accidentally exposed to contaminants and the area of occupational exposure of individuals at the workplace. This paper includes studies carried out in the population of the Amazon region, a zone known for its rich biodiversity as well as for the ecological damage caused by oil spills and chemical sprayings whose consequences continue to be controversial. Additionally, we show the results of studies comprised of individuals occupationally exposed to toxic agents in two very different settings: flower plantation workers exposed to pesticide mixtures and X-ray exposure of hospital workers. The results from these studies confirm that genotoxicity studies can help evaluate current conditions and prevent further damage in the populations exposed to contaminants. As such, they are evidence of the need for biomonitoring employers at risk, stricter law enforcement regarding the use of pesticides, and increasingly conscientious oil extraction activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Paz-y-Miño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Ave. de los Granados y Colimes Quito, 1712842, Ecuador
| | - Nadia Cumbal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Ave. de los Granados y Colimes Quito, 1712842, Ecuador
| | - María Eugenia Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Ave. de los Granados y Colimes Quito, 1712842, Ecuador
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Zeraatpishe A, Oryan S, Mohammad Hadi Bagheri, Ali Asghar Pilevarian, Ali Akbar Malekirad, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. Effects of Melissa officinalis L. on oxidative status and DNA damage in subjects exposed to long-term low-dose ionizing radiation. Toxicol Ind Health 2010; 27:205-12. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233710383889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the capability of Melissa officinalis L. (Lemon balm) infusion on improvement of oxidative stress status in radiology staff that were exposed to persistent low-dose radiation during work. The study was a before-after clinical trial performed on 55 radiology staff. They were asked to drink Lemon balm infusion which was prepared like a tea bag twice daily (1.5 g/100 mL) for 30 days. In the plasma, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, catalase, superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, and glutathione peroxidase activity were measured before and after using Lemon balm infusion.Use of Lemon balm infusion in radiology unit workers resulted in a significant improvement in plasma levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase and a marked reduction in plasma DNA damage, myeloperoxidase, and lipid peroxidation. It is concluded that infusion of Lemon balm markedly improve oxidative stress condition and DNA damage in radiology staff when used as a dietary supplement for radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ali Akbar Malekirad
- Payame Noor University (PNU), Isfahan, Iran, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,
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