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Dzefi-Tettey K, Kobina Mesi Edzie E, Brakohiapa EK, Gorleku PN, Amankwa AT, Abdulai AB, Yabasin IB, Kekessie KK, Idun EA, Ntiamoah-Koufie CE, Acheampong F, Oppong B, Quarshie F, Kusodzi H, Asemah AR. Career in radiology; the ghanaian clinical medical Student's perception. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12603. [PMID: 36643324 PMCID: PMC9834767 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of radiology in this era of evidence-based medicine cannot be disputed. This has resulted in the increase in demand for radiologists. Thus, the issue of whether there would be sufficient numbers of medical students to meet this growing demand needs further probing. Purpose To assess Ghanaian clinical medical students' perceptions about a career in radiology. Materials and methods This was an online questionnaire-based survey of 575 clinical medical students in five public medical schools in Ghana from September 2020 to February 2021. Student's t-test and one way analysis of variance was used to compare means. For the Likert scale questions, differences in the mean Likert scale responses were assessed among various clinical year groups and across gender using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U tests. A logistic regression was used to determine the significant predictors of the choice of radiology as a career. Results Most 340 (59.1%) of the participants were males. The average age of participants was 24.64 ± 3.084 years. Students agreed that, radiology is relevant in this era of evidence-based medicine (mean Likert score = 4.62, SD = 0.819), which yielded significant responses in the third clinical year (p = 0.004). Nearly 30% of respondents stated they did not receive enough didactic lectures or tutorials in radiology, citing insufficient lectures (89.9%), a lack of lecturers (9.5%), and trouble grasping ideas (0.7%) as their main concerns. 133 (23.1%) stated they would choose radiology as a specialty, with flexible working schedule (61.9%) and high income (68.3%) as their topmost reasons. Less patient contact (8.0%) was the least observed reason. A flexible working schedule increased the choice of radiology as a specialty by 2.319 folds (95% CI: 1.413-3.805, P = 0.001). Teleradiology significantly contributed to the choice of radiology as a career (p = 0.001). Conclusion Generally, the clinical students had varied but positive perceptions on radiology as a specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klenam Dzefi-Tettey
- Department of Radiology. Korle Bu Teaching Hospital. 1 Guggisberg Avenue, Accra, Ghana
- Corresponding author.
| | - Emmanuel Kobina Mesi Edzie
- Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Philip Narteh Gorleku
- Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Adu Tutu Amankwa
- Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Kafui Kossi Kekessie
- Department of Medical Imaging, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Ewurama Andam Idun
- Faculty of Radiology, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Bright Oppong
- Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Frank Quarshie
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), Summerhill Estates, East Legon Hills, Santoe, Accra, Ghana
| | - Henry Kusodzi
- Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Abdul Raman Asemah
- Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Shen MR, Tzioumis E, Andersen E, Wouk K, McCall R, Li W, Girdler S, Malloy E. Impact of Mentoring on Academic Career Success for Women in Medicine: A Systematic Review. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2022; 97:444-458. [PMID: 34907962 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research has shown that barriers to career success in academic medicine disproportionately affect women. These barriers include inadequate mentoring, which may perpetuate the underrepresentation of women in senior leadership positions. The purpose of this review was to summarize the qualitative and quantitative evidence of the impact of mentoring on women's career outcomes and to inform future interventions to support the promotion and retention of women in academic medicine. METHOD The authors conducted a systematic review of original research published in English-language, peer-reviewed journals through March 20, 2020. Search terms related to mentorship, women, and academic medicine. The authors searched MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Current Contents Connect via Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO. They excluded studies not specifically addressing women and those without gender-stratified outcomes. They extracted and analyzed the following data: study design, population, sample size, response rate, participant age, percentage of women, mentoring prevalence, and outcomes. RESULTS Of 2,439 citations identified, 91 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 65 quantitative and 26 qualitative studies. Mentoring was associated with objective and subjective measures of career success. Women perceived mentorship to be more valuable to their career development yet were more likely to report having no mentor. Additionally, women were more likely to report lower levels of research productivity, less career satisfaction, and greater barriers to promotion. Qualitative results indicated that women had less access to informal mentoring and family responsibilities had a greater effect on their career outcomes. Professional networking, female mentors, and relational aspects of mentoring were common themes. CONCLUSIONS This review examined gender disparities in mentoring and the impact on research productivity, promotion success, and career satisfaction for women in academic medicine. Institution-supported mentoring programs are needed to facilitate identification of appropriate mentors and promotion of a more equitable academic career environment for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Shen
- M.R. Shen is a resident, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8923-4174
| | - Emma Tzioumis
- E. Tzioumis is assistant professor, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth Andersen
- E. Andersen is assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kathryn Wouk
- K. Wouk is a postdoctoral research fellow, Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute, and adjunct associate professor, Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca McCall
- R. McCall is clinical librarian, Health Sciences Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Winston Li
- W. Li is assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Susan Girdler
- S. Girdler is professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Erin Malloy
- E. Malloy is professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Fichera G, Busch IM, Rimondini M, Motta R, Giraudo C. Is Empowerment of Female Radiologists Still Needed? Findings of a Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041542. [PMID: 33562881 PMCID: PMC7915271 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Considering that radiology is still a male-dominated specialty in which men make up more than two thirds of the workforce, this systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current role of women in radiological imaging, focusing on the main aspects such as career progression, leadership, academic practice, and perceived discrimination. Three electronic databases were searched up to 21 October 2020. To identify additional records, weekly automatic email alerts were set up on PubMed until December 2020 and reference lists of key studies and included papers were screened. Two reviewers independently performed the search, study selection, quality appraisal, data extraction, and formal narrative synthesis. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer was involved. Across the 61 included articles, women worked more often part-time and held fewer positions of power in hospitals, on editorial boards, and at the academic level (associate and full professors). Women were less often in relevant positions in scientific articles, had fewer publications, and had a lower H-index. Discrimination and sexual harassment were experienced by up to 40% and 47% of female radiologists, respectively. Our study highlights that women in radiology are still underrepresented and play a marginal role in the field, struggling to reach top and leading positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fichera
- Department of Medicine–DIMED, Institute of Radiology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (G.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Isolde Martina Busch
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.M.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Michela Rimondini
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.M.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Raffaella Motta
- Department of Medicine–DIMED, Institute of Radiology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (G.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- Department of Medicine–DIMED, Institute of Radiology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (G.F.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8212357
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Maddu K, Amin P, Jalal S, Mauricio C, Norbash A, Ho ML, Sanelli PC, Ali IT, Shah S, Abujudeh H, Nicolaou S, Bencardino J, Khosa F. Gender Disparity in Radiology Society Committees and Leadership in North America and Comparison With Other Continents. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2020; 50:835-841. [PMID: 33067072 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate gender distribution in radiology professional society leadership positions. Our study intends to assess and compare the gender distribution among leadership roles and professional society committee memberships of the radiology societies and seek an understanding of potential associations between gender, academic research metrics, institutional academic rank, and leadership roles. METHODS We identified radiology professional society committee members to assess relative gender composition in 28 radiology societies in North America, Europe, and Australia/New Zealand. The research metrics were obtained from the SCOPUS database and demographics and institutional affiliation through institutional websites' internet searches. Gender distribution by academic ranks and other discontinuous variables were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Wallis tests. RESULTS Of the 3011 members of society committees, 67.9% were male, and 32.1% female. Among all the society members, the data showed that the proportion of committee members holding leadership positions was comparable between males (25.7%) and females (22.5%). However, when we did a subgroup analysis and disaggregated the data by leadership positions, we noted that among those who held the leadership positions, the proportion of males was more significant (n = 526, 70.7%) compared to females (n = 218, 29.3%). Overall, males had higher median publications, citations, H-indices, and active years of research (P< 0.0001). At all university academic ranks, men outnumbered females (P = 0.0015, Chi-square 15.38), with the most considerable disparity at the rank of professor (71.9% male, 28.1% female, P = 0.0003). CONCLUSION There was male predominance amongst committee members in radiology societies. Our study found no significant differences between those in leadership positions, suggesting that once a member of a committee, females are equally likely as males to attain leadership positions. Analysis of committee members' academic rank and committee leaders demonstrated underrepresentation of females at higher academic ranks, and males overall had higher research metrics than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Maddu
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA.
| | - Parthiv Amin
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | | | | | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | | | - Ismail T Ali
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | - Samad Shah
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | - Hani Abujudeh
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | | | | | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
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Abduljabbar AH, Alnajjar SF, Alshamrani H, Bashamakh LF, Alshehri HZ, Alqulayti WM, Wazzan MA. The Influence of Gender on the Choice of Radiology as a Specialty Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study. Interact J Med Res 2020; 9:e14666. [PMID: 32141832 PMCID: PMC7218599 DOI: 10.2196/14666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medical undergraduates are the future doctors of the country. Therefore, determining how medical students choose their areas of specialty is essential to obtain a balanced distribution of physicians among all specialties. Although gender is a significant factor that affects specialty choice, the factors underlying gender differences in radiology are not fully elucidated. Objective This study examined the factors that attracted medical students to and discouraged them from selecting diagnostic radiology and analyzed whether these factors differed between female and male medical students. Methods This cross-sectional study conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, used an electronic questionnaire sent to medical students from all medical years during February 2018. Subgroup analyses for gender and radiology interest were performed using the chi-square test and Cramér’s V test. Results In total, 539 students (276 women; 263 men) responded. The most common factor preventing students from choosing radiology as a career was the lack of direct patient contact, which deterred approximately 47% who decided against considering this specialty. Negative perceptions by other physicians (P<.001), lack of acknowledgment by patients (P=.004), and lack of structured radiology rotations (P=.007) dissuaded significantly more male students than female students. Among those interested in radiology, more female students were attracted by job flexibility (P=.01), while more male students were attracted by focused patient interactions with minimal paperwork (P<.001). Conclusions No significant difference was found between the genders in terms of considering radiology as a specialty. Misconception plays a central role in students’ judgment regarding radiology. Hence, early exposure to radiology, assuming a new teaching method, and using a curriculum that supports the active participation of students in a radiology rotation are needed to overcome this misconception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Abduljabbar
- Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara F Alnajjar
- College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Hisham Z Alshehri
- College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad A Wazzan
- Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ram R, Jumper H, Lensing SY, Tang JL, Deloney LA, Kenney PJ. Understanding Gender Differences Among Medical Students When Choosing Radiology as a Medical Specialty. Acad Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Choice of the specialty of diagnostic radiology by results of the competitive examination to assign residency positions from 2006 to 2015. RADIOLOGIA 2017; 59:232-246. [PMID: 28457534 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the profile of residency candidates choosing the specialty of diagnostic radiology in function of variables related to the positions available in different years. MATERIAL AND METHODS We compiled the data published on the Spanish Ministry of Health's website during the acts celebrated to allow residency candidates to choose positions based on the results of the competitive examinations held from 2006 to 2015, comparing the specialty of diagnostic radiology with the other specialties available in terms of positions available, net questions, sex, nationality, and order of choice of the position. RESULTS The specialty of diagnostic radiology occupied the 16th position in the ranking of specialties according to the median number of order in the choice for each of the positions offered in the years studied. The first diagnostic radiology residency position was usually assigned after 75 candidates had chosen other specialties, and the last position was usually assigned after 3700 to 4100 candidates had chosen their positions. During the period studied, of those who chose diagnostic radiology 58% were women and 76% were Spanish nationality. Candidates preferred hospitals in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, and the hospital chosen with the lowest median position (highest score on the competitive examination) was the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic radiology is chosen by candidates with good positioning in the ranking according to official examination results, is less likely than other specialties to be chosen by women, and is chosen mostly by Spanish physicians. Candidates prefer large hospitals in provincial capitals.
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Choice of the specialty of diagnostic radiology by results of the competitive examination to assign residency positions from 2006 to 2015. RADIOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zener R, Lee SY, Visscher KL, Ricketts M, Speer S, Wiseman D. Women in Radiology: Exploring the Gender Disparity. J Am Coll Radiol 2016; 13:344-50.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gauthier S, Buddeberg-Fischer B, Bucher M, Thali M, Bartsch C. Pilot study on doctors working in departments of forensic medicine in German-speaking areas. J Forensic Leg Med 2013; 20:1069-74. [PMID: 24237822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Several directors of institutes of forensic and legal medicine in German-speaking areas have noticed a lack of young doctors with specialty qualifications (full board certification) in forensic medicine during recent years. The pilot study was intended to brainstorm the possible reasons for this shortage, by carrying out a survey of doctors working in departments of forensic medicine, paying particular attention to job satisfaction and opinions as to why there are fewer forensic specialists. We sent the link to an online questionnaire to all members of the societies of forensic medicine in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Altogether, 129 respondents completed the questionnaire and were included in the study. Slightly more men than women replied; the mean age of all respondents was 41. Most respondents had completed their specialty training and worked full-time. In general, participants were moderately satisfied with their careers. Men reported greater career success than women, as determined by objective criteria. Career support was considered to be suboptimal. For most of the respondents, the level of enjoyment of working in forensic medicine was either higher than or approximately the same as the level recalled from five years earlier. Possible reasons for the lack of qualified doctors in forensic medicine institutes are the non-availability of both senior posts and specialty training posts. Career opportunities in forensic medicine are not considered to be attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gauthier
- Institution of Legal Medicine, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Sociodemographic Factors and Clerkship Experience Influence Ibadan Medical Students' Preference for Radiology Specialty. J Am Coll Radiol 2013; 10:470-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bundy B, Bellemann N, Burkholder I, Heye T, Radeleff B, Grenacher L, Kauczor H, Weber M. Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf. Radiologe 2012; 52:267-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00117-012-2298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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