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Jalal S, Nicolaou S. Advanced Imaging Technology: Photon Counting CT. Can Assoc Radiol J 2024; 75:20-21. [PMID: 37119123 DOI: 10.1177/08465371231172738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Savvas Nicolaou
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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2
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Gentzler R, Mohindra N, Jalal S, Reckamp K, Hall R, Hanna N, Chae Y, Koczywas M, Helenowski I, Patel J. PP01.44 Long-Term Survival and Outcomes by Race from the Phase I/II trial of Carboplatin, Nab-paclitaxel, and Pembrolizumab for Advanced NSCLC: HCRN LUN13-175. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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3
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Abdellatif W, Nugent JP, Alballa F, Murray N, Jalal S, Ali IT, Nicolaou S. Dual Energy Computed Tomography Collagen Material Decomposition for Detection of Lumbar Spine Disc Extrusion and Sequestration: A Comparative Study With Greyscale Computed Tomography. Can Assoc Radiol J 2023; 74:110-118. [PMID: 35948996 DOI: 10.1177/08465371221118886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess value of dual energy computed tomography (DECT) collagen material decomposition algorithm when combined with standard computed tomography (CT) in detection of lumbar disc extrusion and sequestration. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients with acute low back pain who had a diagnosis of lumbar spine disc extrusion and/or sequestration on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (reference standard), and had undergone non-contrast DECT of the lumbar spine within 60 days of the MRI. Age and sex-matched control patients (n = 42) were included. Patients were grouped into standard, grey-scale CT only group and standard CT + DECT tendon images group. Two double-blinded radiologists reviewed both groups for presence of extrusion or sequestration. They also rated their diagnostic confidence on Likert 5-point scale. McNemar Chi-square test was used to compare diagnostic accuracy, unpaired t-test to compare reviewers diagnostic confidence, and Cohen's k (kappa) test for interobserver agreement. Results: The combined group showed higher overall sensitivity (96.6% vs 87.2%), specificity (99% vs 95.4%), and diagnostic accuracy (98.7% vs 94.5%) with a lower false positive rate (1.1% vs 4.6%). McNemar Chi-square test confirmed statistical significance (P = .03 and P = .02 for Reviewers R1 and R2, respectively). The mean diagnostic confidence was also significantly higher on combined group (R1: 3.74 ± 1.1 vs 3.47 ± 1.15 (P < .01) and R2: 3.91 ± 1.15 vs 3.72 ± 1.16 [mean ± SD] (P = .02)). Conclusion: Utilizing MRI as a reference standard, DECT tendon application combined with standard CT increases the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of detection of lumbar spine disc extrusion and sequestration, when compared to standard CT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Abdellatif
- Department of Radiology, 12334UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - James P Nugent
- Department of Radiology, 8167University of British Columbia/Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Faisal Alballa
- Department of Radiology, 37852King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicolas Murray
- Department of Radiology, 8167University of British Columbia/Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ismail T Ali
- Department of Radiology, 8167University of British Columbia/Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Savvas Nicolaou
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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4
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Shaikh AT, Lall MD, Jalal S, Raja AS, Fares S, Siddiqi J, Khosa F. Trends in Racial and Gender Profiles of United States Academic Emergency Medicine Faculty: Cross-Sectional Survey From 2007 to 2018. J Emerg Med 2022; 63:617-628. [PMID: 36244854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have reported existing disparities in academic medicine. The purpose of this study was to assess racial and gender disparity in academic emergency medicine (EM) faculty positions across the United States from 2007 to 2018. OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to identify the racial and ethnic and gender distributions across academic ranks in EM. The secondary objective was to describe the racial and gender proportions across different tenure tracks and degrees. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the Association of American Medical Colleges. Simple descriptive statistics and time series analysis were employed to assess the trends and relationship between race and gender across academic rank, type of degree, and tenure status. RESULTS When averaged, 75% of all faculty members were White physicians and 67.5% were male. Asian faculty members showed an increased representation in the lower academic ranks and underrepresented minority groups demonstrated a small increase. Asian faculty members demonstrated a significantly increasing trend at the level of instructor (t = 0.02; p = 0.034; 95% CI 0.05-1.03). Female faculty members showed a significantly decreasing trend over the study period (t = -0.01; p < 0.001; 95% CI 0.68-0.75). White academic physicians and male faculty members made up most of all degree types and tenure categories. CONCLUSIONS Despite an increase in proportional representation, the underrepresentation of female faculty members and those from minority groups persists in emergency medicine. Further studies are needed to identify and address the root causes of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tariq Shaikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, United Health Services Hospitals, Johnson City, New York
| | - Michelle D Lall
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ali S Raja
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Saleh Fares
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javed Siddiqi
- Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Durm G, Mamdani H, Althouse S, Jabbour S, Ganti A, Jalal S, Chesney J, Naidoo J, Hrinczenko B, Fidler M, Leal T, Feldman L, Fujioka N, Hanna N. MA06.05 Consolidation Nivolumab and Ipilimumab or Nivolumab Alone Following Concurrent Chemoradiation for Patients with Unresectable Stage III NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Tiwana MH, Sverdlichenko I, Xuan L, Jalal S, Tiwana S, Khawaja F, Khosa F. Gender Differences in Faculty Rank and Leadership Positions Among Physician Biochemistry Faculty in North America: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e20731. [PMID: 35111424 PMCID: PMC8790716 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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7
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Gilhofer TS, Abdellatif W, Nicolaou S, Jalal S, Powell J, Inohara T, Starovoytov A, Saw J. Cardiac CT angiography after percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: early versus delayed scanning after contrast administration. Diagn Interv Radiol 2021; 27:703-709. [PMID: 34792023 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2021.20349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is increasingly used for device surveillance after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). While CT protocols with delayed scans are useful to diagnose thrombus in the LAA, an optimal protocol for post-procedural CCTA has not been established. Therefore, we assessed the role of delayed versus early scans for device surveillance. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent LAAC at Vancouver General Hospital who had follow-up CCTAs using standard (early) and delayed scans. Scans were performed on Toshiba 320-detector (Aquilion ONE). Image quality was interpreted by 2 independent observers for anatomy, LAA contrast patency, and device-related thrombus (DRT) using VitreaWorkstationTM. A Likert scale of 1-5 was used (1= poor quality, 5= excellent) for assessment. RESULTS We included 27 consecutive LAAC patients (9 Amplatzer, 18 WATCHMAN) with mean age 76.0±7.7 years, mean CHADS2 score 2.8±1.3, CHA2DS2-VASc score 4.4±1.6 and HAS-BLED score 3.4±1.0. Subjective quality assessments by both reviewers favored early scans for assessment of anatomy (reviewer 1: 4.63±0.63 [early] vs. 1.74±0.71 [delayed]; reviewer 2: 4.63±0.63 [early] vs. 1.89±0.64 [delayed]) and DRT (reviewer 1: 4.78±0.42 [early] vs. 3.11±1.16 [delayed]; reviewer 2: 4.70±0.47 [early] vs. 3.04±1.29 [delayed]). Inter-rater variability showed good correlation between reviewers (intraclass correlation 0.61-0.95). Mean LAA/LA attenuation ratios were significantly different between scans, with larger mean percent reduction of contrast opacification from LA to LAA in the early scans (57.0±36.6% reduction for early vs. 29.1±30.8% for delayed; p < 0.001) CONCLUSION: For CT device surveillance post-LAAC early phase imaging provides superior image quality objectively and subjectively compared with delayed scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Gilhofer
- Department of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Waleed Abdellatif
- Department of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Savvas Nicolaou
- Deparment of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Deparment of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jennifer Powell
- Deparment of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Taku Inohara
- Department of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew Starovoytov
- Department of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Saw
- Department of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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8
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Rano J, Jalal S, Sedlak T, Butler J, Khan MS, Manning WJ, Khosa F. Sex Disparity Among Canadian Cardiologists in Academic Medicine: Differences in Scholarly Productivity and Academic Rank. Cureus 2021; 13:e18687. [PMID: 34786263 PMCID: PMC8580548 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women remain relatively underrepresented in all subspecialties of academic medicine. While sex disparity is prevalent in a number of specialties, the association between academic productivity and sex in academic cardiology has not been assessed in the Canadian context. Methods Academic faculty of accredited Canadian Resident Matching Service (CaRMS) programs were included from cardiology division websites across 17 universities. Cardiology faculty members’ names, academic ranks, leadership positions, and sex were obtained from each institutions’ website. The Elsevier database Scopus© was used to extract the Hirsch index (H-index), years of active research, and number of publications of each faculty member. The H-index was used as a metric of academic output and research productivity. Univariate regression was run with the H-Index as the outcome of interest, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with higher H-index. Results Sex was identified for 1,040 members, of whom 836 (80%) were male. Male members had higher numbers of publications (p <0.001). There was a trend for males in a leadership position to have a higher H-index (p = 0.07). Median H-index was lower for women (p = 0.02). Males across assistant and associate professor ranks had a higher H-index. Women achieving professor rank demonstrated greater productivity with a higher median H-index (p = 0.002). Conclusions There is a prevalent sex gap in academic cardiology with regard to scholarly productivity and academic achievement. Factors that may help narrow the sex gap need to be identified and corrective measures implemented to enhance sex equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Rano
- Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI - MUB), Busaiteen, BHR.,Medical Education and Simulation, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital/University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Tara Sedlak
- Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Javed Butler
- Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, USA
| | - Warren J Manning
- Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital/University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
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9
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Karol DL, Sheriff L, Jalal S, Ding J, Larson AR, Trister R, Khosa F. Gender disparity in dermatologic society leadership: A global perspective. Int J Womens Dermatol 2021; 7:445-450. [PMID: 34621957 PMCID: PMC8484972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last half-century, there has been increased representation of women in medicine. Despite this increase, there continues to be underrepresentation of women in medical leadership positions. The objective of this study was to investigate the phenomenon of gender disparity in the leadership of professional societies of dermatology worldwide. METHODS Online databases were used to extract the names of global dermatologic societies. Individual society websites were accessed to obtain information on executive members. Data not available on society websites were obtained through internet searches. Scopus was used to obtain H-indexes and other bibliometric outcomes. RESULTS Our data collection spanned 92 countries, with 1733 society leaders identified and information available for 1710. In North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Middle East, women were in a minority in dermatology professional society leadership. In South America, Central America, and Africa, women were in a slight majority. Across all professional societies, the role of president was more frequently held by men (n = 95) as opposed to women (n = 75). Female leaders were less likely to hold concurrent academic positions as deans/chairpersons/directors (83.33%) than their male counterparts (92.06%). The median H-index of female leaders (9) was lower than that of men (14). CONCLUSION Gender disparity exists in leadership positions in professional dermatology societies. Cultural/continental specific factors should be explored further. Enhancement of institutional support, mentorship, and sponsorship for female dermatologists should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Limor Karol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Sheriff
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Ding
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Allison R Larson
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rachel Trister
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Durm G, Birdas T, Liu H, Jalal S, Kesler K, Rieger K, Ceppa D, Hanna N. P03.01 A Randomized Phase II Trial of Adjuvant Pembrolizumab vs Observation after Curative Resection for Stage I NSCLC with Primary Tumors Between 1-4 cm. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Yan M, Durm G, Jalal S, Einhorn L, Kesler K, Rieger K, Birdas T, Ceppa D, Hanna N. FP01.04 BTCRC LUN19-396: Adjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Atezolizumab in Stage IB-IIIA Resected NSCLC and Clearance of ctDNA. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Byrne D, O’Neill SB, Müller NL, Silva Müller CI, Walsh JP, Jalal S, Parker W, Bilawichm AM, Nicolaou S. RSNA Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19: Interobserver Agreement Between Chest Radiologists. Can Assoc Radiol J 2021; 72:159-166. [PMID: 32615802 PMCID: PMC7335944 DOI: 10.1177/0846537120938328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the interobserver variability between chest radiologists in the interpretation of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) expert consensus statement reporting guidelines in patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in a setting with limited reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing availability. METHODS Chest computed tomography (CT) studies in 303 consecutive patients with suspected COVID-19 were reviewed by 3 fellowship-trained chest radiologists. Cases were assigned an impression of typical, indeterminate, atypical, or negative for COVID-19 pneumonia according to the RSNA expert consensus statement reporting guidelines, and interobserver analysis was performed. Objective CT features associated with COVID-19 pneumonia and distribution of findings were recorded. RESULTS The Fleiss kappa for all observers was almost perfect for typical (0.815), atypical (0.806), and negative (0.962) COVID-19 appearances (P < .0001) and substantial (0.636) for indeterminate COVID-19 appearance (P < .0001). Using Cramer V analysis, there were very strong correlations between all radiologists' interpretations, statistically significant for all (typical, indeterminate, atypical, and negative) COVID-19 appearances (P < .001). Objective CT imaging findings were recorded in similar percentages of typical cases by all observers. CONCLUSION The RSNA expert consensus statement on reporting chest CT findings related to COVID-19 demonstrates substantial to almost perfect interobserver agreement among chest radiologists in a relatively large cohort of patients with clinically suspected COVID-19. It therefore serves as a reliable reference framework for radiologists to accurately communicate their level of suspicion based on the presence of evidence-based objective findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Byrne
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, British
Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
| | - Siobhan B. O’Neill
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, British
Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
| | - Nestor L. Müller
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, British
Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
| | | | - John P. Walsh
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, British
Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, British
Columbia, Canada
| | - William Parker
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, British
Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
| | - Ana-Maria Bilawichm
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, British
Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
| | - Savvas Nicolaou
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, British
Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada
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13
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Esslinger EN, Van der Westhuizen M, Jalal S, Masud S, Khosa F. Gender-Based Disparity in Academic Ranking and Research Productivity Among Canadian Anesthesiology Faculty. Cureus 2020; 12:e11443. [PMID: 33324526 PMCID: PMC7732785 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite increasing numbers of women entering anesthesiology training, women remain underrepresented in senior academic positions and leadership roles. This study aims to determine the extent of gender disparity in Canadian departments of anesthesiology. In addition, we explore the correlation between publication productivity and academic rank in this cohort. Methods The Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) was queried to identify 17 training programs for anesthesiology. Department websites were searched to determine the names of faculty members, as well as gender, leadership roles, and academic ranks. The SCOPUS© database was used to generate the number of publications, number of citations, publication range, and h-index of each faculty member. Results In our study cohort of 1404 academic anesthesiologists, 30.1% were women. Women held a minority of 130 leadership positions (27%, n = 35). With increasing academic rank female representation decreased (p = 0.009), such that 21% of full professors were women. Overall, male anesthesiologists had a higher h-index, number of publications, and number of citations (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = <0.001, respectively) than women. Conclusion Despite growing numbers of women entering the academic workforce, women are underrepresented in senior academic ranks and leadership positions. In addition, men and women have significant differences in measures of publication productivity. This study underscores the importance of directed efforts to promote equity in career outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabeena Jalal
- Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Sarmad Masud
- Anesthesiology, Shalamar Medical and Dental College and Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
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14
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O' Neill SB, Byrne D, Müller NL, Jalal S, Parker W, Nicolaou S, Bilawich AM. Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Expert Consensus Statement Related to Chest CT Findings in COVID-19 Versus CO-RADS: Comparison of Reporting System Performance Among Chest Radiologists and End-User Preference. Can Assoc Radiol J 2020; 72:806-813. [PMID: 33138634 DOI: 10.1177/0846537120968919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The RSNA expert consensus statement and CO-RADS reporting system assist radiologists in describing lung imaging findings in a standardized manner in patients under investigation for COVID-19 pneumonia and provide clarity in communication with other healthcare providers. We aim to compare diagnostic performance and inter-/intra-observer among chest radiologists in the interpretation of RSNA and CO-RADS reporting systems and assess clinician preference. METHODS Chest CT scans of 279 patients with suspected COVID-19 who underwent RT-PCR testing were retrospectively and independently examined by 3 chest radiologists who assigned interpretation according to the RSNA and CO-RADS reporting systems. Inter-/intra-observer analysis was performed. Diagnostic accuracy of both reporting systems was calculated. 60 clinicians participated in a survey to assess end-user preference of the reporting systems. RESULTS Both systems demonstrated almost perfect inter-observer agreement (Fleiss kappa 0.871, P < 0.0001 for RSNA; 0.876, P < 0.0001 for CO-RADS impressions). Intra-observer agreement between the 2 scoring systems using the equivalent categories was almost perfect (Fleiss kappa 0.90-0.92, P < 0.001). Positive predictive values were high, 0.798-0.818 for RSNA and 0.891-0.903 CO-RADS. Negative predictive value were similar, 0.573-0.585 for RSNA and 0.573-0.58 for CO-RADS. Specificity differed between the 2 systems, 68-73% for CO-RADS and 52-58% for RSNA with superior specificity of CO-RADS. Of 60 survey participants, the majority preferred the RSNA reporting system rather than CO-RADS for all options provided (66.7-76.7%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS RSNA and CO-RADS reporting systems are consistent and reproducible with near perfect inter-/intra-observer agreement and excellent positive predictive value. End-users preferred the reporting language in the RSNA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan B O' Neill
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Danielle Byrne
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nestor L Müller
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William Parker
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Savvas Nicolaou
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ana-Maria Bilawich
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Maddu K, Amin P, Jalal S, Mauricio C, Norbash A, Ho ML, Sanelli PC, Ali IT, Shah S, Abujudeh H, Nicolaou S, Bencardino J, Khosa F. Gender Disparity in Radiology Society Committees and Leadership in North America and Comparison With Other Continents. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2020; 50:835-841. [PMID: 33067072 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate gender distribution in radiology professional society leadership positions. Our study intends to assess and compare the gender distribution among leadership roles and professional society committee memberships of the radiology societies and seek an understanding of potential associations between gender, academic research metrics, institutional academic rank, and leadership roles. METHODS We identified radiology professional society committee members to assess relative gender composition in 28 radiology societies in North America, Europe, and Australia/New Zealand. The research metrics were obtained from the SCOPUS database and demographics and institutional affiliation through institutional websites' internet searches. Gender distribution by academic ranks and other discontinuous variables were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Wallis tests. RESULTS Of the 3011 members of society committees, 67.9% were male, and 32.1% female. Among all the society members, the data showed that the proportion of committee members holding leadership positions was comparable between males (25.7%) and females (22.5%). However, when we did a subgroup analysis and disaggregated the data by leadership positions, we noted that among those who held the leadership positions, the proportion of males was more significant (n = 526, 70.7%) compared to females (n = 218, 29.3%). Overall, males had higher median publications, citations, H-indices, and active years of research (P< 0.0001). At all university academic ranks, men outnumbered females (P = 0.0015, Chi-square 15.38), with the most considerable disparity at the rank of professor (71.9% male, 28.1% female, P = 0.0003). CONCLUSION There was male predominance amongst committee members in radiology societies. Our study found no significant differences between those in leadership positions, suggesting that once a member of a committee, females are equally likely as males to attain leadership positions. Analysis of committee members' academic rank and committee leaders demonstrated underrepresentation of females at higher academic ranks, and males overall had higher research metrics than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Maddu
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA.
| | - Parthiv Amin
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | | | | | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | | | - Ismail T Ali
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | - Samad Shah
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | - Hani Abujudeh
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | | | | | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
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Zulfiqar M, Khurshid K, Moreno CC, Jalal S, Nayab A, Chang SD, Khara SS, Khosa F. Examining Gender Disparity in Academic Abdominal Radiology in North America. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2020; 50:669-674. [PMID: 33069519 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender disparity exists in nearly every medical specialty, particularly in leadership roles and academia. Radiology is not exempt from this phenomenon, with women making up less than a third of radiology residents in the United States (US). This can have long-lasting effects on the career progression of female radiologists. Our search did not reveal any study on gender composition in academic abdominal radiology. PURPOSE To evaluate the academic productivity and career advancement of female academic abdominal radiology faculty in the United States and Canada. MATERIALS AND METHODS Parameters of academic achievement were measured, including the number of citations and publications, years of research, as well as H-index. Information regarding academic and leadership ranking among academic abdominal radiologists in the United States and Canada was also analyzed. RESULTS In academic abdominal radiology, there were fewer females than males (34.9% vs 65.1%; p-value 0.256). Among the female radiologists, the greatest proportion held the rank of assistant professor (40%). Female representation decreased with increasing rank. Females had a lower H-index than males (P-value = 0.0066) and significantly fewer years of research than males (P-value = 0.0243). CONCLUSION Male predominance in academic abdominal radiology is similar to many other medical specialties, and encompasses senior faculty rank, leadership roles and research productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zulfiqar
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, MO
| | - Kiran Khurshid
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Courtney C Moreno
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Emergency & Trauma Radiology, University of British Columbia Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Asra Nayab
- Diagnostic Radiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Silvia D Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sayani Sejal Khara
- Department of Accident and Emergency, St Mary's Hospital - Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Emergency & Trauma Radiology, University of British Columbia Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Battaglia F, Farhan SA, Narmeen M, Karimuddin AA, Jalal S, Tse M, Khosa F. Does gender influence leadership roles in academic surgery in the United States of America? A cross-sectional study. Int J Surg 2020; 83:67-74. [PMID: 32871272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender disparity remains prevalent in the field of academic surgery with an under-representation of women at senior leadership ranks. A wide variety of causes are reported to contribute to this gender-based discrimination but a current quantitative analysis in the US has significant importance. This cross-sectional study aims to document gender disparity in academic and leadership positions in surgery as well as its relationship with scholarly productivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS The American Medical Association's Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA), was used to identify General Surgery programs. Each institution's website was used to identify its faculty's primary profiles for data collection. Individuals with an MD or DO, and an academic ranking of Professor, Associate Professor or Assistant Professor were included. Academic productivity was quantified by recording H-index, number of publications, number of citations, and years of active research of a physician. All statistical analysis was performed on SPSS Statistics version 20.0. RESULTS A total of 144 academic programs were including in our analysis constituting 4085 surgeons, only one-fifth (n = 873, 21%) of which were women. Furthermore, only 19% of all leadership positions were assumed by female surgeons. Leadership positions and academic rank correlated significantly with increasing research productivity. The difference in H-index between genders was statistically significant (P < 0.05) with men possessing a higher median for H-index [13] than women [9]. Transplantation Surgery [17] had the highest median H-indices for female surgeons. Male surgeons (n = 18) were twice as likely to be Departmental Chairs as their female counterparts (n = 9). However, female surgical oncologists held the highest proportion of leadership positions (31%). CONCLUSION A significant gender-based disparity was found in leadership positions and academic ranks. Research productivity appeared to be integral for academic and leadership appointments. Institution-level measures that enhance support, mentorship, and sponsorship for women are imperative to achieve overall parity in general surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Battaglia
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Syed Ali Farhan
- Department of Surgery,Doctor Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Karachi, Sindh, 74200, Pakistan.
| | - Mehek Narmeen
- Department of Surgery,Doctor Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-e-Urdu Road, Karachi, Sindh, 74200, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmer Azhar Karimuddin
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Room C310, St Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 899 12th Avenue W, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Matthew Tse
- Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 899 12th Avenue W, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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18
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Lee D, Jalal S, Nasrullah M, Ding J, Sanelli P, Khosa F. Gender Disparity in Academic Rank and Productivity Among Public Health Physician Faculty in North America. Cureus 2020; 12:e8553. [PMID: 32670690 PMCID: PMC7357311 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The issue of gender disparity is particularly important in the domain of public health where the tone of its leadership is pivotal in bringing about impactful change to research, policies, and the wellbeing of our various populations. Our aim is to explore the gender disparity of author metrics and academic rankings of public health physician faculty through a cross-sectional study. Methods Data collection for this retrospective cross-sectional study took place during June and July of 2017. Public health and preventive medicine residency training programs in the United States and Canada were to compiled and all faculty members that met the inclusion criteria were recorded (n = 973). Variables of interest include gender, h-index, years of active research, and academic appointments. SCOPUS database (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) was used to generate author metrics, and all statistical tests were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Overall, 31.14% (n = 303) of faculty members we studied were from Canada, and 68.86% (n = 670) were from the United States. In both countries, males made up the majority of all faculty members. Female faculty comprised most of the early career positions, and their proportions tapered off with higher academic rank, whereas male faculty trended in the opposite direction. Males generally were higher in all academic measures across all appointments. Conclusions Gender disparity exists within the North American public health and preventive medicine discipline. There are underlying factors preventing women from moving beyond early career positions or engaging in academic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Lee
- Family Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, CAN
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Muazzam Nasrullah
- Emerging Infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ding
- Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | | | - Faisal Khosa
- Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
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19
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Chen SYT, Jalal S, Ahmadi M, Khurshid K, Bhulani N, Rehman AU, Ahmad A, Ding J, Aldred TLR, Khosa F. Influences for Gender Disparity in Academic Family Medicine in North American Medical Schools. Cureus 2020; 12:e8368. [PMID: 32617239 PMCID: PMC7326302 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women physicians continue to comprise the minority of leadership roles in Academic Family Medicine (AFM) faculty across North American medical schools. Our study quantified the current state of gender disparity by analyzing academic position, leadership ranking, and research productivity. Methods We generated a database for 6,746 AFM faculty members. Gender and academic profiles were obtained for 2,892 academic ranks and 1,706 leadership roles by searching faculty listings enlisted in Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) and Canadian Resident Matching Service (CaRMS). To measure research productivity, we obtained bibliometric data: h-index, citations, and tenure from 2,383 faculty members using Elsevier’s SCOPUS archives. Data analysis and h-index were formulated using Stata version 14.2 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX). Results Our results indicated that women hold 46.11% (3,110/6,746) of faculty positions. The proportional composition decreased with increasing academic ranking (49.84% assistant, 46.78% associate, and 41.5% full professor). The same decreasing trend was demonstrated with leadership rank (57.14% minor leadership, 47.65% second-in-command, and 36.61 first-in-command). Compared to their gender counterparts, women in AFM demonstrated lower publication productivity as measured by citation number (p=0.04) and years of study (p=0.008). The final prediction equation model after multivariable analyses included gender, publications, citations, country of graduation, and years of active research (p<0.05). Conclusions The composition of academic family medicine faculty members included in this study demonstrated gender disparity. Inclusivity initiatives and policies to tackle the issue of female retention, promotion, and recruitment need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Maryam Ahmadi
- Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
| | | | | | - Ateeq U Rehman
- Internal Medicine, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, USA
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Internal Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, USA.,Internal Medicine, Orange Park Medical Center, Orange Park, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ding
- Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | | | - Faisal Khosa
- Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
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20
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Abstract
Introduction Gender disparity in academic and organizational settings has been the topic of numerous studies, which have attributed under representation of females within medicine to both individual and institutional reasons. The main objective of our study was to assess gender disparity in leadership positions in committees of professional societies of family medicine (FM). Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, we collected publicly available information from 3 major FM societies (College of Family Physicians of Canada, the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, and the World Organization of Family Doctors) and also collected the academic/leadership information for each committee member, including bibliometric parameters of their research productivity. Results In total, our sample size was 960 and composed of 58% men (556) and 42% women (404). There was a significant difference found in all the research productivity variables. Men had a greater number of publications, number of citations, years since first publication, years of active research, and had a larger h-index. Conclusion In conclusion, gender disparity within FM societies is less significant compared to other professional medical societies and creating an environment that supports women and supports research can aid in achieving gender parity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aven Sidhu
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, CAN
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
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21
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Jalal S, Parker W, Ferguson D, Nicolaou S. Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in an Emergency and Trauma Radiology Department. Can Assoc Radiol J 2020; 72:167-174. [DOI: 10.1177/0846537120918338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergency and trauma radiologists, emergency department’s physicians and nurses, researchers, departmental leaders, and health policymakers have attempted to discover efficient approaches to enhance the provision of quality patient care. There are increasing expectations for radiology practices to deliver a dedicated emergency radiology service providing 24/7/365 on-site attending radiologist coverage. Emergency radiologists (ERs) are pressed to meet the demand of increased imaging volume, provide accurate reports, maintain a lower proportion of discrepancy rate, and with a rapid report turnaround time of finalized reports. Thus, rendering the radiologists overburdened. The demand for an increased efficiency in providing quality care to acute patients has led to the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field. AI can be used to assist emergency and trauma radiologists deal with the ever-increasing imaging volume and workload, as AI methods have typically demonstrated a variety of applications in medical image analysis and interpretation, albeit most programs are in a training or validation phase. This article aims to offer an evidence-based discourse about the evolving role of artificial intelligence in assisting the imaging pathway in an emergency and trauma radiology department. We hope to generate a multidisciplinary discourse that addresses the technical processes, the challenges in the labour-intensive process of training, validation and testing of an algorithm, the need for emphasis on ethics, and how an emergency radiologist’s role is pivotal in the execution of AI-guided systems within the context of an emergency and trauma radiology department. This exploratory narrative serves the present-day health leadership’s information needs by proposing an AI supported and radiologist centered framework depicting the work flow within a department. It is suspected that the use of such a framework, if efficacious, could provide considerable benefits for patient safety and quality of care provided. Additionally, alleviating radiologist burnout and decreasing healthcare costs over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William Parker
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Duncan Ferguson
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Savvas Nicolaou
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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22
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Counter WB, Khurshid K, Jalal S, Castillo M, White AM, Otero HJ, Nicolaou S, Khosa F. Gender Differences Among Academic Pediatric Radiology Faculty in the United States and Canada. Acad Radiol 2020; 27:575-581. [PMID: 31371209 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is currently unknown whether efforts in recent years to create equal opportunities for female faculty in academic medicine have succeeded. We looked at faculty members in academic pediatric radiology departments across the United States and Canada to assess for evidence of gender disparities and differences in academic performance between males and females. METHODS The analysis included diagnostic radiology programs across the United States and Canada, as specified by the American Medical Association's Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA Online) and the Canadian Resident Matching Service website. The Scopus database was used to retrieve the H-index, number of publications, and number of citations for each faculty member. We examined the distribution of male and female faculty members across geographical regions, academic ranks, and leadership roles. Academic performance was also compared. RESULTS Across all regions and academic ranks, disparities exist between the number of male and female faculty members. The greatest disparity was found amongst the professor rank, where more than 70% of positions were occupied by males. Female professors were found to demonstrate similar levels of academic performance compared to their male counterparts, although this parity was not observed amongst assistant and associate professors. CONCLUSION Women occupied almost half (46.6%) of the total academic pediatric radiology workforce, despite having been previously shown to make up only 21% of radiologists. However, gender disparities currently exist among academic pediatric radiology faculty, with a significantly higher percentage of men in pediatric radiology faculty positions. Women, however, currently occupy a greater percentage of leadership positions compared to men, even though the majority of senior academic ranks are held by men.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Counter
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kiran Khurshid
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 12th Avenue W, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 12th Avenue W, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Mauricio Castillo
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ammie M White
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hansel J Otero
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Savvas Nicolaou
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 12th Avenue W, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 12th Avenue W, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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23
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Jalal S, Ante Z, Ouellette H, Peters S, Munk P, Nicolaou S. Impact of 24/7/365 Attending Radiologist Coverage on the Turnaround Time of Trauma-Related Imaging Studies Being Finalized Within 48 Hours in an Emergency Radiology Department, Offering a Perspective from a Tertiary Care Hospital. Can Assoc Radiol J 2020; 72:862-870. [PMID: 32157902 DOI: 10.1177/0846537120902046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To offer an evidence-based account of the effect of 24/7/365 attending radiologist coverage on the turnaround time (TAT) of trauma-related radiographs finalized within 48 hours of exam completion, drawing data from an emergency radiology department of a tertiary care hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective chart review, where TATs of imaging studies for a sample of trauma patients, who had visited the emergency department of the Vancouver General Hospital between two time periods, January 1 to September 30, 2013, and January 1 to September 30, 2017, were noted. RESULTS In models adjusted for patient's age, sex, and seasonality, the 24/7/365 attending radiologist coverage was associated with an average of 19.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.7-19.4) hours of reduction in time from exam completion to report finalization by an attending radiologist. Approximately 11.3 (95% CI: 18.7-19.4) hours was due to reduction in time from exam completion to preliminary diagnosis of reports. When the impact of the increased number of radiology staff in 2017 was removed in the analysis, the overall TAT was reduced by 13.3 (95% CI: 13.0-13.6) hours and the time from exam completion to preliminary report was reduced by 7.8 (95% CI: 7.6-8.1) hours. LIMITATION Since we have used a simple random sample (SRS) for this research, this study does not describe the burden of reports that are finalized in the emergency and trauma radiology department during the given time periods. CONCLUSION Our pilot study demonstrates that the implementation of 24/7/365 attending radiology coverage significantly reduces TAT for finalized radiology reports of all modalities of trauma imaging studies in an emergency and trauma radiology department. POLICY IMPLICATION This research serves the contemporary health-care administration, policymaking information needs by providing the evidence for significantly reduced TAT of finalized radiology reports from a Canadian perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,5620McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Hugue Ouellette
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Peter Munk
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Savvas Nicolaou
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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24
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Jalal S, Ouellette H, Ante Z, Munk P, Khosa F, Nicolaou S. Impact of 24/7/365 Attending Radiologist Coverage on the Turnaround Time in an Emergency and Trauma Radiology Department. Can Assoc Radiol J 2020; 72:548-556. [PMID: 32103671 DOI: 10.1177/0846537119899321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the impact of 24/7/365 attending radiologist coverage on the turnaround time (TAT) of trauma and nontrauma cases in an emergency and trauma radiology department. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective chart review in which TAT of patients coming to the emergency department between 2 periods: (1) December 1, 2012, to September 30, 2013, and (2) January 1, 2017, to January 30, 2018, and whose reports were read by an attending emergency and trauma radiologist was noted. RESULTS The 24/7/365 radiology coverage was associated with a significant reduction in TAT of computed tomography reports, and the time reduction was comparable between trauma and nontrauma cases. In adjusted models, the extension of radiology coverage was associated with an average of 7.83 hours reduction in overall TAT (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.44-8.22) for reports related to trauma, in which 2.73 hours were due to reduction in completion to transcription time (TC; 95% CI: 2.53-2.93), and 5.10 hours were due to reduction in transcription to finalization time (TF; 95% CI: 4.75-5.44). For reports related to nontrauma cases, 24/7/365 coverage was associated with an average of 6.07 hours reduction in overall TAT (95% CI: 3.54-8.59), 2.91 hours reduction in TC (95% CI: 1.55-4.26), and 3.16 hours reduction in TF (95% CI: 0.90-5.42). CONCLUSION Our pilot study demonstrates that the implementation of on-site 24/7/365 attending emergency radiology coverage at a tertiary care center was associated with a reduced TAT for trauma and nontrauma patients imaging studies. Although the magnitude and precision of estimates were slightly higher for trauma cases as compared to nontrauma cases. Trauma examinations stand to benefit the most from 24/7/365 attending level radiology coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hugue Ouellette
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Peter Munk
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Savvas Nicolaou
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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25
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Abdellatif W, Ding J, Jalal S, Nguyen T, Khorshed D, Rybicki FJ, Ali IT, McInnes MDF, Khan NA, Shah S, Khosa F. Lack of Gender Disparity Among Administrative Leaders of Canadian Health Authorities. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020; 29:1469-1474. [PMID: 32091966 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2019.7852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gender distribution within the managing bodies of the Canadian health authorities has not been studied despite their integral role in the health care system. The purpose of this study is to quantify gender differences and to craft a geographic gender analysis of such distribution. Methods: Retrospective data collection of all Canadian health authorities at the provincial, territorial, regional, and first nations levels was conducted. The dependent variable was gender, and other covariates, where applicable, included province/territory, region, leadership position, education (PhD or Master's), honorary degree, and primary occupation. Any member within the executive managing body or board of directors of a Canadian health authority was included, unless their gender could not be determined, in which case they were excluded. Results: Quantitative analysis of the 67 health authorities revealed 1346 individuals with identifiable gender (710 women; 636 men). Thematic distribution showed no significant difference in the gender distribution by provinces/territories (chi square = 14.248; p = 0.28), by leadership position (chi square = 1.88; p = 0.75), by education (chi square = 1.85; p = 0.17), or by primary occupation (chi square = 1.53; p = 0.46). Conclusion: The overall number of females exceeded that of males and there were no gender disparities. Critical analysis of probable causes was discussed. Further studies should be conducted to examine the policies and programs within the Canadian health authorities that successfully tackle the retention, recruitment, and promotion of females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Abdellatif
- Radiology Department, University of British Columbia/Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Ding
- Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tribesty Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Frank J Rybicki
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ismail Tawakol Ali
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Nadia A Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Samad Shah
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Radiology Department, University of British Columbia/Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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Jalal S, Lloyd ME, Khosa F, I-Hsuan Hsu G, Nicolaou S. Exploratory data analysis for pre and post 24/7/365 attending radiologist coverage support in an emergency department: fundamentals of data science. Emerg Radiol 2019; 27:233-251. [PMID: 31840209 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-019-01737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a detailed exploratory data analysis for critically investigating the patterns in medical doctor (MD) to disposition time, pre and post 24/7/365 attending radiologist coverage, for patients presenting to an emergency department (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS The process involved presenting several modeling techniques. To share an understanding of concepts and techniques, we used proportions, medians, and means, Mann-Whitney U test, Kaplan-Meier's (KM) survival analysis, linear and log-linear regression, log-ranked test, Cox proportional hazards model, Weibull parametric survival models and tertile analysis. Retrospective chart review was conducted to obtain a data set which was used to determine the trends in MD to disposition time. Data comprised of patients who had visited the emergency department (ED) during two distinct time periods and whose imaging studies were read by an attending emergency and trauma radiologist. RESULTS Median provided more insight into the data as compared with the mean. The Mann-Whitney U test was appropriate to evaluate MD to disposition time, but provided limited information. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) was able to offer more insight into the data since it did not assume an underlying model and that is the reason why it was appropriate. However, KM had limited ability to handle measured confounders and was unable to describe the magnitude of difference between curves. The Cox proportional hazards semi-parametric model or some other parametric model such as the Weibull could handle multiple measured confounders and described the magnitude of difference between two (survival) groups in the data set. However, both methods assumed underlying models that may not apply to the data set such as the one used in this study. Linear regression was unlikely to be appropriate due to the shape of survival time distributions, but log transforming the outcome could address the distribution issue. Nearly all the results of the KM subgroup analyses were consistent with the results of the log-transformed linear regression subgroup analyses and the interpretation of the results was the same for both. CONCLUSION Different statistical procedures may be applied to conduct exploratory subgroup analysis for a data set from a pre and post 24/7/365 attending coverage model. This could guide potential areas of further research to compare trends in MD to disposition time in ED. Pattern analysis provides evidence for various stakeholders to rethink the discourse about trends in MD to disposition time, pre and post 24/7/365 attending coverage. Graphical Illustration: The role of Emergency and Trauma Radiology in an Emergency Department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeena Jalal
- Emergency & Trauma Radiology, Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. .,McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
| | | | - Faisal Khosa
- Emergency & Trauma Radiology, Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Savvas Nicolaou
- Emergency & Trauma Radiology, Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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Abstract
Background Despite the number of female medical-school applicants reaching an all-time high and the increasing number of females in surgical training, males retain an overwhelming majority in senior surgical academic positions and formal leadership positions. This study aims to better understand the extent of and influences for gender disparity in general surgical societies throughout North America, Europe, and Oceania. Methods Data collection for this retrospective cross-sectional study took place between June and December 2017. Committee and subcommittee members from the eight selected general surgical societies that met the inclusion criteria (n = 311) were compiled into an Excel spreadsheet in which the data was recorded. Analyzed metrics included university academic ranking, surgical society leadership position, h-index, number of citations, and total publications. SCOPUS database (Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands) was used to generate author metrics, and STATA version 14.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX) was used for statistical analysis. Results Overall, 83.28% of members of the entities we studied were male and 16.72% were females. Males had significantly higher representation than females in all societies (Pearson chi2 = 29.081; p-value = 0.010). Females were underrepresented in all society leadership positions and university academic rankings. Male members had a higher median h-index, more number of citations, and more total publications. Conclusions The composition of the general surgical societies included in this study demonstrated significant gender disparity. Female inclusivity initiatives and policies must be initiated to promote greater research productivity and early career opportunities for female surgeons in the specialty of general surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicong Wu
- Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Sabeena Jalal
- Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Jeffrey Ding
- Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
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Kotecki N, O'Neil B, Jalal S, Massard C, Wallin J, Szpurka A, Wang D, Galvao VR, Xia M, Crowe K, Geeganage S, Doman T, Gandhi L, Xu X, Bendell J. A Phase I Study of an Anti-IDO1 Inhibitor (LY3381916) as Monotherapy and in Combination with an Anti-PD-L1 Antibody (LY3300054) in Patients with Advanced Cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz451.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Qamar SR, Jalal S, Nicolaou S, Tsang M, Gilhofer T, Saw J. Comparison of cardiac computed tomography angiography and transoesophageal echocardiography for device surveillance after left atrial appendage closure. EUROINTERVENTION 2019; 15:663-670. [PMID: 31217149 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-18-01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Device surveillance after left atrial appendage (LAA) closure (LAAC) is important to assess device positioning, peri-device leak (PDL) and device-related thrombus (DRT). There are limited data on the role of cardiac CT angiography (CCTA) after LAAC. We therefore sought to compare CCTA to transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in patients who successfully underwent LAAC. METHODS AND RESULTS We report our consecutive series of non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients who underwent LAAC and had CCTA and TEE post LAAC. Prospective cardiac-gated CCTA was performed with the Toshiba 320-detector or Siemens second-generation 128-slice dual-source scanner, and post-processing was performed with IMPAX 3D reformats. Glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m² was an exclusion for CCTA. Device positioning, PDL or fabric leak, ratio of left atrial (LA) to LAA linear attenuation coefficient, and DRT were analysed. One hundred and two patients underwent LAAC (79 WATCHMAN, 17 Amulet, 6 ACP). Mean age was 76.4±7.5 years, CHADS2 score 3.0±1.3, and CHADS-VASc score 4.6±1.6. CCTA was performed at a mean of 105.2±54.8 days, and TEE at a mean of 124.9±100.3 days post LAAC. LAA patency was observed in 52/100 (52%), with 45 (86.5%) via PDL and seven (13.5%) through fabric leak. Linear attenuation coefficient <100 HU and LA:LAA ratio <0.25 were seen in occluded devices. PDL was only observed in 35/102 (34.3%) on TEE. Mean device compression was greater with sealed devices (11.3±4.3% versus 8.2±4.0%, p<0.001). There was only one DRT, which was observed on both TEE and CCTA. CONCLUSIONS CCTA is a suitable alternative to TEE for device surveillance post LAAC. CCTA was more sensitive than TEE for assessing PDL and can delineate the cause of residual LAA contrast patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia R Qamar
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing female matriculation into medical school has shown an increase in women training in academic urology, but gender disparity still exists within this male-dominated field. This study aims to evaluate publication productivity and rank differences of Canadian female and male academic urologists. METHODS The Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) was used to compile a list of 12 Canadian accredited urology programs. Using each institution's website, faculty members' names, genders, academic positions, and leadership ranks were noted. SCOPUS© was consulted to tabulate the number of documents published, citations, and h-index of each faculty member. To account for temporal bias associated with the h-index, the m-quotient was also computed. RESULTS There was a significantly higher number of men (164, 88.17%) among academic faculty than women (22, 11.83%). As academic rank increased, the proportion of female urologists decreased. Overall, male urologists had higher academic ranks, h-index values, number of publications, and citations (p=0.038, p=0.0038, p=0.0011, and p=0.014, respectively). There was an insignificant difference between men and women with respect to their m-quotient medians (p=0.25). CONCLUSIONS There is an increasing number of women completing residency in urology, although there are disproportionally fewer female urologists at senior academic positions. Significant differences were found in the h-index, publication count, and citation number between male and female urologists. When using the m-quotient to adjust for temporal bias, no significant differences were found between the gender in terms of academic output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Ilin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emilie Langlois
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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O'Neill SB, Maddu K, Jalal S, Yeo S, Khurshid K, Qamar SR, Nicolaou S, Khosa F. Gender Disparity in Chest Radiology in North America. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2019; 50:18-22. [PMID: 31732263 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the current cultural climate, gender disparity is a topical and contentious issue. In academic medicine, there is an underrepresentation of female faculty in leadership positions with lower research output and fewer grant awards. We study the gender differences in faculty rank, leadership positions, and research output among chest radiologists in North America. MATERIALS AND METHODS A list of clinical faculty at radiology programs in North America was obtained using the FREIDA database and program websites. Demographic information and data pertaining to academic rank, peer-reviewed publications, and research productivity of each chest radiologist was obtained from Doximity and SCOPUS databases. RESULTS Four hundred ten (281 male:129 female) academic chest radiologists were included. Females were underrepresented at senior faculty level accounting for 18.8% (n = 21) of full, 29.2% (n = 21) of associate and 40.7% (n = 61) of assistant professors. 23.1% (n = 14) of department chiefs were women. Women were more likely to occupy a faculty position in chest radiology in Canada than in US (P < 0.05). The median H-index, and numbers of publications and citations were lower for females than male faculty (P < 0.05). Male faculty had more years of experience - median of 19 years, 16.5 years for females (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Gender disparity exists in chest radiology with similar male predominance in terms of senior faculty rank, leadership roles, and research productivity to other medical specialties. The observed deficiency of research and scholarly output among female chest radiologists and the paucity of aspirational female radiologists in senior academic/leadership positions are factors which perpetuate this gender disparity and contribute to persistence of the gender pay gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán B O'Neill
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kiran Maddu
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah Yeo
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kiran Khurshid
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sadia Rasheed Qamar
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Savas Nicolaou
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Gentzler R, Mohindra N, Jalal S, Reckamp K, Hall R, Hanna N, Chae Y, Villaflor V, Koczywas M, Helenowski I, Rademaker A, Patel J. P1.01-67 Ph I/II Carboplatin, Nab-Paclitaxel and Pembrolizumab for Advanced NSCLC (HCRN LUN13-175): Outcomes by Nab-Paclitaxel Dose. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Background In the 1960s, less than 10% of medical school graduates were women. Today, almost half of all medical school graduates are women. Despite the significant rise in female medical school graduates, there continues to be a large gender gap in most subspecialties, particularly surgical subspecialties such as neurosurgery. Objective The purpose of our study was to assess the factors contributing to differences in the academic ranks of male and female staff in academic neurosurgery programs in Canada and the United States (US). Methods Data about women in academic neurosurgery was collected from a number of sources, including Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA), Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), Canadian Resident Matching Service (CaRMS) FRIEDA, ACGME, CaRMS, Pubmed, and Scopus, to create a database of all neurosurgeons in the US and Canada. The analysis included neurosurgeons in academic and leadership ranks and also the H index, citations, publications, citations per year, and publications per year. Results Women represent only 12% of neurosurgeons in the US and Canada. When gender is further analyzed by academic appointment, women represent just over 12% of neurosurgeons at the assistant and associate professor levels (15.44% and 13.27%, respectively) but significantly less at the full professor level (5.84%). Likewise, only 7.45% of women hold first-in command leadership positions while 4.69% hold second-in-command positions within their institutions. Conclusions The existing data shows that women are significantly under-represented in academic neurosurgery. Lack of role models, experience, limited scientific output, and aspirations of a controlled lifestyle could be the potential contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Odell
- Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, USA
| | - Harjyot Toor
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Ariel Takayanagi
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Bailey Zampella
- Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - Javed Siddiqi
- Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, USA
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
| | | | - Sadia Qamar
- Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
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Karol D, Sheriff L, Jalal S, Trister R, Khosa F. 185 Gender disparity in dermatologic society leadership: A global perspective. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sukhia RH, Sukhia HR, Azam SI, Nuruddin R, Rizwan A, Jalal S. Predicting the bracket bond failure rate in orthodontic patients: A retrospective cohort study. Int Orthod 2019; 17:208-215. [PMID: 30987959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with orthodontic bracket bond failure and to develop a prediction equation for orthodontic bracket bond failure rate using the risk factors. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted on a sample of 690 brackets in orthodontic patients aged 10 to 28 years old (mean age 17.97±5.11 years old) visiting a dental hospital. The effect of various parameters of orthodontic bond strength was assessed on bracket failure rate using survival analysis. Parametric (exponential) regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors associated with bracket failure and a prediction equation was formulated to predict the bracket failure rate. The overall mean survival time for the brackets was 3.04 (2.9-3.17) years. The univariate analysis showed a statistically significant (P<0.05) association of bracket material, site, overjet, overbite, incisor and molar classification and age. The multivariate analysis showed a significant interaction between site and side along with bracket material, jaw, overjet and overbite in the model. The risk of bracket failure on the right posterior region is 7.7 times that in the right anterior region when adjusted for all other variables in the model (HR: 7.7; 95% CI: 4.3-13.6). The model including bracket material, jaw, overjet, overbite and interaction between site and side can be used as a predictor of hazard rate for orthodontic bracket failure. Care should be taken in bonding brackets in the posterior region, as their debonding rate is higher as compared to anterior region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashna Hoshang Sukhia
- The Aga Khan University and Hospital, Section of Dentistry (Orthodontics), Department of Surgery, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Hoshang Rumi Sukhia
- Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences, Principal Dental Section, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Iqbal Azam
- The Aga Khan University Hospital, Department of Community Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rozina Nuruddin
- The Aga Khan University Hospital, Department of Community Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Azra Rizwan
- The Aga Khan University and Hospital, Department of Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan
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Klass D, De Korompay N, Jalal S, Chung J, Liu D, Ho S, Legiehn G, Machan L. 03:27 PM Abstract No. 66 Radial vs femoral: incidence of access site complications. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sallam I, Amira G, Sherif A, Jalal S, Sherif M, Diab K. Long term outcomes of single breast incision for breast and axillary surgery on the axillary pain and range of movement. Breast 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(19)30397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Jalal S, Nicolaou S, Parker W. Artificial Intelligence, Radiology, and the Way Forward. Can Assoc Radiol J 2019; 70:10-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Savvas Nicolaou
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William Parker
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Hafeez DM, Jalal S, Khosa F. Bibliometric analysis of manuscript characteristics that influence citations: A comparison of six major psychiatry journals. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 108:90-94. [PMID: 30049529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the characteristics of psychiatry manuscript that influence its citation rate. We conducted a cross-sectional study of published articles (n = 545), from January to June 2007, from 6 major psychiatry journals with the highest 5-year impact-factor. Citation count for these articles was retrieved from Web Of Science (by Clarivate Analytics) and 22 article characteristics were tabulated manually. We then predicted the citation rate by performing univariate analysis, spearman rank-order correlation, and multiple regression model on the collected variables. Using spearman rank-order correlation, we found the following variables to have significant positive correlation with citations: abstract character count (rs and p-value, 0.22 and 0.001 respectively), number of references (0.2, 0.01), abstract word count (0.17, 0.0005), number of pages (0.15, 0.003), open access (0.06, 0.05), study design reported in title (0.04, 0.0001), total number of words (0.03, 0.01) and structured abstract (0.03, 0.0009). In a multivariate linear regression model, the following variables predicted increased citation rates (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.38): reporting of study design in title, structured abstract and open access. Editors and authors of psychiatry journals can improve the impact of their journals and articles by utilizing this bibliometric study when assembling their manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawood M Hafeez
- Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Abdellatif W, Ding J, Jalal S, Chopra S, Butler J, Ali IT, Shah S, Khosa F. Leadership Gender Disparity Within Research-Intensive Medical Schools: A Transcontinental Thematic Analysis. J Contin Educ Health Prof 2019; 39:243-250. [PMID: 31633570 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underrepresentation of women in senior leadership positions of academic medicine continues to prevail despite the ongoing efforts to advance gender parity. Our aim was to compare the extent of gender imbalance in the leadership of the top 100 medical schools and to critically analyze the contributing factors through a comprehensive theoretical framework. METHODS We adopted the theoretical framework of the Systems and Career Influences Model. The leadership was classified into four tiers of leadership hierarchy. Variables of interest included gender, h-index, number of documents published, total number of citations, and number of years in active research. A total of 2448 (77.59%) men and 707 (22.41%) women met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Male majority was found in all regions with a significant difference in all levels of leadership (chi square = 91.66; P value = .001). Women had a lower mean h-index across all positions in all regions, and when we adjusted for number of years invested, M Index for women was still significantly lower than men (T test = 6.52; P value = .02). DISCUSSION Organizational and individual influences are transcontinental within the top 100 medical school leadership hierarchy. Those factors were critically assessed through in-depth analysis of the Systems and Career Influences Model. Evidence-driven actionable recommendations to remedy those influences were outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Abdellatif
- Dr. Waleed Abdellatif: Clinical Radiology Fellow at University of British Columbia/ Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Mr. Jeffrey Ding: Undergraduate student at Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Dr. Sabeena Jalal: Research Fellow at Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Dr. Sanjiv Chopra: Professor of Medicine. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Javed Butle: Professor and Chairman, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi. Dr. Ismail Tawakol Ali: Radiology Lecturer, Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, ON, Canada. Dr. Samad Shah: Assistant Professor of Radiology, Department of Clinical Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. Dr. Faisal Khosa: Associate Professor of Radiology. University of British Columbia/ Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Durm G, Althouse S, Sadiq A, Jalal S, Jabbour S, Zon R, Kloecker G, Fisher W, Reckamp K, Kio E, Langdon R, Adesunloye B, Gentzler R, Hanna N. OA01.07 Updated Results of a Phase II Trial of Concurrent Chemoradiation with Consolidation Pembrolizumab in Patients with Unresectable Stage III NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Battaglia F, Shah S, Jalal S, Khurshid K, Verma N, Nicolaou S, Reddy S, John S, Khosa F. Gender disparity in academic emergency radiology. Emerg Radiol 2018; 26:21-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10140-018-1642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Shah A, Jalal S, Khosa F. Influences for gender disparity in dermatology in North America. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:171-176. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Shah
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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Babaji P, Jalal S, Kamalaksharappa S. Evaluation of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Identification and Sex Determination in Indian Children. Pesqui bras odontopediatria clín integr 2018. [DOI: 10.4034/pboci.2018.181.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ahmadi M, Khurshid K, Sanelli PC, Jalal S, Chahal T, Norbash A, Nicolaou S, Castillo M, Khosa F. Influences for Gender Disparity in Academic Neuroradiology. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 39:18-23. [PMID: 29191872 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There has been extensive interest in promoting gender equality within radiology, a predominately male field. In this study, our aim was to quantify gender representation in neuroradiology faculty rankings and determine any related factors that may contribute to any such disparity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the academic and administrative faculty members of neuroradiology divisions for all on-line listed programs in the US and Canada. After excluding programs that did not fulfill our selection criteria, we generated a short list of 85 US and 8 Canadian programs. We found 465 faculty members who met the inclusion criteria for our study. We used Elsevier's SCOPUS for gathering the data pertaining to the publications, H-index, citations, and tenure of the productivity of each faculty member. RESULTS Gender disparity was insignificant when analyzing academic ranks. There are more men working in neuroimaging relative to women (χ2 = 0.46; P = .79). However, gender disparity was highly significant for leadership positions in neuroradiology (χ2 = 6.76; P = .009). The median H-index was higher among male faculty members (17.5) versus female faculty members (9). Female faculty members have odds of 0.84 compared with male faculty members of having a higher H-index, adjusting for publications, citations, academic ranks, leadership ranks, and interaction between gender and publications and gender and citations (9). CONCLUSIONS Neuroradiology faculty members follow the same male predominance seen in many other specialties of medicine. In this study, issues such as mentoring, role models, opportunities to engage in leadership/research activities, funding opportunities, and mindfulness regarding research productivity are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahmadi
- From the Department of Emergency & Trauma Radiology (M.A., K.K., S.J., S.N., F.K.), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K Khurshid
- From the Department of Emergency & Trauma Radiology (M.A., K.K., S.J., S.N., F.K.), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P C Sanelli
- Department of Radiology (P.C.S.), Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - S Jalal
- From the Department of Emergency & Trauma Radiology (M.A., K.K., S.J., S.N., F.K.), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Chahal
- Faculty of Medicine (T.C.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Norbash
- Department of Radiology (A.N.) University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - S Nicolaou
- From the Department of Emergency & Trauma Radiology (M.A., K.K., S.J., S.N., F.K.), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Castillo
- Department of Radiology (M.C.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - F Khosa
- From the Department of Emergency & Trauma Radiology (M.A., K.K., S.J., S.N., F.K.), Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Qamar S, Saw J, Nicolaou S, Jalal S, Tsang M. TCT-270 Comparison of Cardiac Computerized Tomography Angiography and Transesophageal Echocardiography For Device Surveillance After Endovascular Left Atrial Appendage Closure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wainberg Z, Jalal S, Muro K, Yoon H, Garrido M, Golan T, Doi T, Catenacci D, Geva R, Ku G, Bleeker J, Bang YJ, Hara H, Chung H, Savage M, Wang J, Koshiji M, Dalal R, Fuchs C. KEYNOTE-059 Update: Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal (G/GEJ) cancer. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx440.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Chung MC, Jalal S, Khan NU. Posttraumatic stress symptoms, co-morbid psychiatric symptoms and distorted cognitions among flood victims of different ages. J Ment Health 2016; 26:204-211. [PMID: 26940708 DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2016.1149803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In literature, the effect of age on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is inconclusive; the effect on flood-related PTSD is particularly unclear. Little is known on distorted cognitions among flood victims, although cognition distortions and PTSD have been linked among victims of other traumas. AIMS To investigate: (1) whether flood-related PTSD, psychiatric co-morbidity and cognitive distortions would differ according to age and (2) distinctive patterns of association between the preceding variables for different age groups. METHODS One hundred and fifty-four flood victims of different ages completed standardized questionnaires measuring PTSD, psychiatric co-morbidity and cognitive distortions. RESULTS Adolescents and young adults reported significantly fewer PTSD, psychiatric co-morbidity and distorted cognition symptoms than people who were older. Preoccupation with danger and hopelessness were associated with both outcomes for adolescents, people in their thirties and middle-aged/older people. For young adults, helplessness was associated with PTSD; hopelessness and preoccupation with danger with psychiatric co-morbidity. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents and young adults buffered against flood-related psychological distress better than older people. Distorted cognitions related to distress outcomes differently depending on age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Cheung Chung
- a Department of Educational Psychology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin NT , Hong Kong
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- b Medical and Dental College, Bahria University , Karachi , Pakistan , and
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Jalal S, Khan NU, Younis MZ. Effect of GNI on Infant Mortality Rate in Low Income, Lower Middle Income, Upper Middle Income and High Income Countries. J Health Hum Serv Adm 2016; 39:159-185. [PMID: 29388757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Global disparities in health form a complex issue adversely affecting much of the world's population. What has been found is that national income and other general socio-economic factors are strong determinants of population health (Houweling, 2005 & Schell, 2007). In countries where resources are less, people are much less healthy than people living in rich countries. In wealthier countries that have made immense progress in health indicators, the resulting change in age structure and morbidity and mortality patterns portends even greater financial demands on the health sector. This study noted the trends in several health indicators versus economic indicators and related it to low income, lower middle income, upper middle income and high income countries. We noted that there is improvement in all health indicators along with an increasing GNI per Capita and GDP. In low income regions though, the rate of improvement is slower as opposed to high income countries. However, there is progress, which is leading to an increase in aging population.
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Voss M, Gordon M, Mita M, Rini B, Makker V, Macarulla T, Smith D, Kwak E, Cervantes A, Puzanov I, Pili R, Wang D, Jalal S, Pant S, Patel M, Neuwirth R, Zohren F, Infante J. 354 Phase I study of investigational oral mTORC1/2 inhibitor MLN0128: Expansion phase in patients with renal, endometrial, or bladder cancer. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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