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Zwezerijnen GJC, Eertink JJ, Ferrández MC, Wiegers SE, Burggraaff CN, Lugtenburg PJ, Heymans MW, de Vet HCW, Zijlstra JM, Boellaard R. Reproducibility of [18F]FDG PET/CT liver SUV as reference or normalisation factor. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:486-493. [PMID: 36166080 PMCID: PMC9816285 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although visual and quantitative assessments of [18F]FDG PET/CT studies typically rely on liver uptake value as a reference or normalisation factor, consensus or consistency in measuring [18F]FDG uptake is lacking. Therefore, we evaluate the variation of several liver standardised uptake value (SUV) measurements in lymphoma [18F]FDG PET/CT studies using different uptake metrics. METHODS PET/CT scans from 34 lymphoma patients were used to calculate SUVmaxliver, SUVpeakliver and SUVmeanliver as a function of (1) volume-of-interest (VOI) size, (2) location, (3) imaging time point and (4) as a function of total metabolic tumour volume (MTV). The impact of reconstruction protocol on liver uptake is studied on 15 baseline lymphoma patient scans. The effect of noise on liver SUV was assessed using full and 25% count images of 15 lymphoma scans. RESULTS Generally, SUVmaxliver and SUVpeakliver were 38% and 16% higher compared to SUVmeanliver. SUVmaxliver and SUVpeakliver increased up to 31% and 15% with VOI size while SUVmeanliver remained unchanged with the lowest variability for the largest VOI size. Liver uptake metrics were not affected by VOI location. Compared to baseline, liver uptake metrics were 15-18% and 9-18% higher at interim and EoT PET, respectively. SUVliver decreased with larger total MTVs. SUVmaxliver and SUVpeakliver were affected by reconstruction protocol up to 62%. SUVmax and SUVpeak moved 22% and 11% upward between full and 25% count images. CONCLUSION SUVmeanliver was most robust against VOI size, location, reconstruction protocol and image noise level, and is thus the most reproducible metric for liver uptake. The commonly recommended 3 cm diameter spherical VOI-based SUVmeanliver values were only slightly more variable than those seen with larger VOI sizes and are sufficient for SUVmeanliver measurements in future studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT: 2006-005,174-42, 01-08-2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerben J C Zwezerijnen
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jakoba J Eertink
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Hematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C Ferrández
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne E Wiegers
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coreline N Burggraaff
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Hematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn W Heymans
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrica C W de Vet
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josée M Zijlstra
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Hematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Waeleh N, Saripan MI, Musarudin M, Mashohor S, Ahmad Saad FF. Correlation between 18F-FDG dosage and SNR on various BMI patient groups tested in NEMA IEC PET phantom. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 176:109885. [PMID: 34385090 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine quantitatively the correlation between injected radiotracer and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based on differences in physiques and stages of cancer. Eight different activities were evaluated with modelled National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) PET's phantom with nine different tumour-to-background ratio (TBR). The findings suggest that the optimal value of dosage is required for all categories of patients in the early stages of cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazreen Waeleh
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.
| | - M Iqbal Saripan
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marianie Musarudin
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Syamsiah Mashohor
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Keramida G, Peters AM. FDG PET/CT of the non‐malignant liver in an increasingly obese world population. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2020; 40:304-319. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Keramida
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Royal Brompton and HarefieldNHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - A. Michael Peters
- Department of Nuclear Medicine King’s College HospitalNHS Foundation Trusts London UK
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Intrahepatic fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose kinetics measured by least squares nonlinear computer modelling and Gjedde–Patlak–Rutland graphical analysis. Nucl Med Commun 2019; 40:675-683. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Aim To compare weight, lean body mass and body surface area for calculation of standardised uptake value (SUV) in fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography, taking sex into account. Patients and methods This was a retrospective study of 161 (97 men) patients. Maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) and mean standardised uptake value (SUVmean) were obtained from a 3-cm region of interest over the right lobe of the liver and scaled to weight, scaled to lean body mass (SUL) and scaled to body surface area (SUA). Mean hepatic computed tomography density was used to adjust SUVmean for hepatic fat (SUVFA). Hepatic SUV indices were divided by SUV from left ventricular cavity, thereby, eliminating whole body metric, to obtain a surrogate of blood fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose clearance into liver, and multiplied by blood glucose to give a surrogate of hepatic glucose uptake rate (mSUV). Results SULmax, SUAmax and all scaled to weight indices correlated strongly with weight. SULmean, SULFA, SUAmean and SUAFA, however, correlated weakly or not at all with weight, nor with their corresponding whole body metric in men or women, but correlated strongly when the sexes were combined into one group. This was the result of sex differences in SUL (greater in men) and SUA (greater in women). There was, however, no sex difference in mSUV. Conclusion Weight is unsuitable for calculating SUV. SUL and SUA are also inappropriate as maxima but appropriate as mean and fat-adjusted values. However, SUL is recommended for both sexes because SUA is influenced by both body fat and weight. Sex differences in SUL and SUA give rise to misleading correlations when sexes are combined into one group.
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Wang G, Corwin MT, Olson KA, Badawi RD, Sarkar S. Dynamic PET of human liver inflammation: impact of kinetic modeling with optimization-derived dual-blood input function. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:155004. [PMID: 29847315 PMCID: PMC6105275 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aac8cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is hepatocellular inflammation and injury in the setting of hepatic steatosis. Recent work has indicated that dynamic 18F-FDG PET with kinetic modeling has the potential to assess hepatic inflammation noninvasively, while static FDG-PET is less promising. Because the liver has dual blood supplies, kinetic modeling of dynamic liver PET data is challenging in human studies. This paper aims to identify the optimal dual-input kinetic modeling approach for dynamic FDG-PET of human liver inflammation. Fourteen patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were included. Each patient underwent 1 h dynamic FDG-PET/CT scan and had liver biopsy within six weeks. Three models were tested for kinetic analysis: the traditional two-tissue compartmental model with an image-derived single-blood input function (SBIF), a model with population-based dual-blood input function (DBIF), and a new model with optimization-derived DBIF through a joint estimation framework. The three models were compared using Akaike information criterion (AIC), F test and histopathologic inflammation score. Results showed that the optimization-derived DBIF model improved liver time activity curve fitting and achieved lower AIC values and higher F values than the SBIF and population-based DBIF models in all patients. The optimization-derived model significantly increased FDG K1 estimates by 101% and 27% as compared with traditional SBIF and population-based DBIF. K1 by the optimization-derived model was significantly associated with histopathologic grades of liver inflammation while the other two models did not provide a statistical significance. In conclusion, modeling of DBIF is critical for dynamic liver FDG-PET kinetic analysis in human studies. The optimization-derived DBIF model is more appropriate than SBIF and population-based DBIF for dynamic FDG-PET of liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobao Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento CA 95817, USA
| | - Michael T. Corwin
- Department of Radiology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento CA 95817, USA
| | - Kristin A. Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento CA 95817, USA
| | - Ramsey D. Badawi
- Department of Radiology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento CA 95817, USA
| | - Souvik Sarkar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento CA 95817, USA
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Gabriel E, Alnaji R, Du W, Attwood K, Kukar M, Hochwald S. Effectiveness of Repeat 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Computerized Tomography (PET-CT) Scan in Identifying Interval Metastases for Patients with Esophageal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:1739-1746. [PMID: 28058562 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET-CT) scan is performed after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) to restage esophageal cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of PET-CT to accurately identify interval metastatic disease following nCRT. METHODS This was a single-institution retrospective review (January 2005-February 2012) of patients with esophageal cancer treated with nCRT who underwent pre- and post-nCRT PET-CT. RESULTS A total of 283 patients were treated with nCRT, of whom 258 (91.2%) had both a pre- and post-nCRT PET-CT. On the post-nCRT PET-CT, 64 patients (24.8%) had interval findings concerning for metastatic disease. Of these patients, only 10 (15.6%) had true-positive findings of metastatic disease (six biopsy proven). The sites of interval metastases included bone (4), liver (3), peritoneum (1), mediastinal lymph nodes (1), and cervical lymph nodes (1). The positive predictive value of post-nCRT PET-CT for interval metastases was 15.6% (10/64), and the yield for detecting metastases since the pre-nCRT PET-CT was 3.9% (10/258). The work-up of the 54 patients (20.9% of the initial starting group) with false-positive post-nCRT findings included biopsy (24.6%) and immediate additional imaging (45.2%). A total of 208 patients proceeded with surgery: 163 (78.4%) had no new findings on post-nCRT PET-CT, and 45 (21.6%) had new false-positive findings. False-positive sites mainly included the lung (15) and liver (14). CONCLUSIONS The yield of post-nCRT PET-CT for the detection of new metastatic disease was 3.9%. Post-nCRT PET-CT often leads to a high proportion of false positives and subsequent investigational work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gabriel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Raed Alnaji
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - William Du
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Moshim Kukar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Steven Hochwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Hepatic glucose utilization in hepatic steatosis and obesity. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160381. [PMID: 27653524 PMCID: PMC5293565 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Whether hepatic glucose utilization rate (glucose phosphorylation rate; MRglu) is increased in steatosis and/or obesity is uncertain. Our aim was to determine the separate relationships of steatosis and obesity with MRglu. Sixty patients referred for routine PET/CT had dynamic PET imaging over the abdomen for 30 min post-injection of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), followed by Patlak-Rutland graphical analysis of the liver using abdominal aorta for arterial input signal. The plot gradient was divided by the intercept to give hepatic FDG clearance normalized to hepatic FDG distribution volume (ml/min per 100 ml) and multiplied by blood glucose to give hepatic MRglu (μmol/min per 100 ml). Hepatic steatosis was defined as CT density of ≤40 HU measured from the 60 min whole body routine PET/CT and obesity as body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2 Hepatic MRglu was higher in patients with steatosis (3.3±1.3 μmol/min per 100 ml) than those without (1.7±1.2 μmol/min per 100 ml; P<0.001) but there was no significant difference between obese (2.5±1.6 μmol/min per 100 ml) and non-obese patients (2.1±1.3 μmol/min per 100 ml). MRglu was increased in obese patients only if they had steatosis. Non-obese patients with steatosis still had increased MRglu. There was no association between MRglu and chemotherapy history. We conclude that MRglu is increased in hepatic steatosis probably through insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and up-regulation of hepatic hexokinase, irrespective of obesity.
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