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Broida SE, Sullivan MH, Rose PS, Wenger DE, Houdek MT. Adjacent venous tumour thrombus in primary osteosarcoma of the pelvis and limbs. Bone Joint J 2024; 106-B:865-870. [PMID: 39084652 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.106b8.bjj-2023-1333.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Aims Venous tumour thrombus (VTT) is a rare finding in osteosarcoma. Despite the high rate of VTT in osteosarcoma of the pelvis, there are very few descriptions of VTT associated with extrapelvic primary osteosarcoma. We therefore sought to describe the prevalence and presenting features of VTT in osteosarcoma of both the pelvis and the limbs. Methods Records from a single institution were retrospectively reviewed for 308 patients with osteosarcoma of the pelvis or limb treated between January 2000 and December 2022. Primary lesions were located in an upper limb (n = 40), lower limb (n = 198), or pelvis (n = 70). Preoperative imaging and operative reports were reviewed to identify patients with thrombi in proximity to their primary lesion. Imaging and histopathology were used to determine presence of tumour within the thrombus. Results Tumours abutted the blood vessels in 131 patients (43%) and encased the vessels in 30 (10%). Any form of venous thrombus was identified in 31 patients (10%). Overall, 21 of these thrombi were determined to be involved with the tumour based on imaging (n = 9) or histopathology (n = 12). The rate of VTT was 25% for pelvic osteosarcoma and 1.7% for limb osteosarcoma. The most common imaging features associated with histopathologically proven VTT were enhancement with contrast (n = 12; 100%), venous enlargement (n = 10; 83%), vessel encasement (n = 8; 66%), and visible intraluminal osteoid matrix (n = 6; 50%). Disease-specific survival (DSS) for patients with VTT was 95% at 12 months (95% CI 0.87 to 1.00), 50% at three years (95% CI 0.31 to 0.80), and 31% at five years (95% CI 0.14 to 0.71). VTT was associated with worse DSS (hazard ratio 2.3 (95% CI 1.11 to 4.84). Conclusion VTT is rare with osteosarcoma and occurs more commonly in the pelvis than the limbs. Imaging features suggestive of VTT include enhancement with contrast, venous dilation, and vessel encasement. VTT portends a worse prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma, with a similar survivability to metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Broida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mikaela H Sullivan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter S Rose
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Doris E Wenger
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew T Houdek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Pooyan A, Mansoori B, Wang C. Imaging of abdominopelvic oncologic emergencies. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024; 49:823-841. [PMID: 38017112 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-04112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
With advancements in cancer treatment, the survival rates for many malignancies have increased. However, both the primary tumors and the treatments themselves can give rise to various complications. Acute symptoms in oncology patients require prompt attention. Abdominopelvic oncologic emergencies can be classified into four distinct categories: vascular, bowel, hepatopancreatobiliary, and bone-related complications. Radiologists need to be familiar with these complications to ensure timely diagnosis, which ultimately enhances patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Pooyan
- Department of Radiology, UW Radiology-Roosevelt Clinic, University of Washington, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Box 354755, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Bahar Mansoori
- Department of Radiology, Section of Abdominal Imaging, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-7115, USA
| | - Carolyn Wang
- Department of Radiology, Section of Abdominal Imaging, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-7115, USA.
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3
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Wang L, Ye S, Wu H. A rare case of long venous tumor thrombi from the right femoral vein to the right ventricle visualized by [ 18F]-FDG PET/CT in a patient with chondrogenic osteosarcoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 51:312-313. [PMID: 37500791 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- NanFang PET Center, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shimin Ye
- NanFang PET Center, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hubing Wu
- NanFang PET Center, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
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Tathireddy H, Rice D, Martens K, Shivakumar S, Shatzel J. Breaking down tumor thrombus: Current strategies for medical management. Thromb Res 2023; 230:144-151. [PMID: 37722206 PMCID: PMC11027429 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumor thrombus, the intravascular extension of tumor into adjacent blood vessels, is frequently encountered in patients with renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, and often involves the abdominal vasculature including the renal vein, portal vein, and the inferior vena cava. While a bland thrombus is composed of platelets and fibrin, in contrast, a tumor thrombus refers to an organized collection of tumor cells. Though oftentimes detected incidentally on imaging, tumor thrombus may have significant clinical implications and can be challenging to differentiate from bland thrombus. Additionally, the optimal management of tumor thrombus, including the use of anticoagulation, remains poorly described. This review summarizes common causes of tumor thrombus, as well as its impact on staging, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Tathireddy
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Douglas Rice
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kylee Martens
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Joseph Shatzel
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, OR, USA
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Wakasa S, Hayashi H, Yamazaki T, Izumiya Y, Fukuda D. Thrombus or tumor? Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7975. [PMID: 37780915 PMCID: PMC10539678 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Key clinical message Contrast defects in veins are often diagnosed as benign thrombi, but depending on the patient's background it is necessary to differentiate between tumor thrombi. It is difficult to differentiate between these using contrast-enhanced CT alone, but with angioscopy it is easy to visually distinguish between a benign and tumor thrombi. Abstract Contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CT) performed on a male patient being treated for de-differentiated chondrosarcoma revealed contrast defects in the pulmonary artery and right femoral vein, and a diagnosis of pulmonary artery thromboembolism and venous thromboembolism was made, and oral anticoagulant therapy was started. However, a follow-up CT showed that the contrast defect had extended to the inferior vena cava. Observation using an angioscope revealed that it was not a benign thrombi but a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Wakasa
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Hiroya Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Takanori Yamazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Izumiya
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineOsaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
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Rae M, Wong J, Tunis J, Hess WF, Gardner JM, DelSole EM. Atypical Presentation of Primary Osteosarcoma of the Lumbar Spine with Caval Tumor Thrombus in a 17-Year-Old Male: A Case Report. Curr Sports Med Rep 2022; 21:391-394. [PMID: 36342392 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rae
- Musculoskeletal Institute, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA
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Liang H, Guo W, Tang X, Yang R, Yan T, Yang Y, Ji T, Sun X, Xie L, Xu J. Venous Tumor Thrombus in Primary Bone Sarcomas in the Pelvis: A Clinical and Radiographic Study of 451 Cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2021; 103:1510-1520. [PMID: 33857031 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few investigations of venous tumor thrombus (VTT) in primary pelvic bone sarcomas are available. We aimed to identify the prevalence, associated factors, and prognosis of VTT across different types of pelvic sarcomas and to propose an algorithm for management. METHODS We included 451 consecutive cases of primary, bone-derived, treatment-naive, pelvic sarcomas in this study. Demographic data and the results of initial laboratory tests, imaging examinations, and oncological evaluations were extracted and analyzed. Forty-four cases of VTT were diagnosed with radiographic examinations, and 18 of them were verified histologically. RESULTS The cohort consisted of chondrosarcomas (41.2%), osteosarcomas (30.4%), Ewing sarcomas (15.5%), bone-derived undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (5.8%), and other bone sarcomas (7.1%). The prevalence of VTT was 9.8% in the whole group, and associated factors included a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level of ≥230.5 U/L and invasion of the L5-S1 intervertebral foramen. Patients with pelvic osteosarcoma had a high prevalence of VTT (22.6%), and the associated factors in this group included a chondroblastic subtype, an LDH level of ≥187 U/L, and invasion of the obturator foramen and the L5-S1 intervertebral foramen. Patients with VTT had a poor prognosis with a median overall survival time of 14 months. Subgroup analyses of localized pelvic osteosarcoma indicated that the presence of VTT decreased the median overall survival time (21.5 versus 54.0 months for those without VTT, p = 0.003), median recurrence-free survival time (18.6 versus 32.4 months, p = 0.020), and median metastasis-free survival time (11.2 versus 41.0 months, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS VTT is most common in patients with pelvic osteosarcoma as compared with patients with other primary bone sarcomas, and it is associated with several factors. It is a negative prognostic factor. An algorithm for management of pelvic sarcomas with VTT stratified by the classification of the VTT might be beneficial, but further validation is necessary. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Liang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
We present a review of several bone (osteoid)-forming tumors including enostosis, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, and osteosarcoma. These entities were chosen because they are reasonably common-neither seen every day nor rare. When applicable, recent information about the lesions is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrang Amini
- Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Raul Fernando Valenzuela
- Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Justin E Bird
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Tamara Miner Haygood
- Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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9
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Lin P, Liang LY, Dong YZ, Ren ZP, Zhao HJ, Li GS. Identification of Abnormal Spindle Microtubule Assembly as a Promising Therapeutic Target for Osteosarcoma. Orthop Surg 2020; 12:1963-1970. [PMID: 33078894 PMCID: PMC7767677 DOI: 10.1111/os.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To demonstrate the expression of abnormal spindle microtubule assembly (ASPM) in clinical osteosarcoma tissue specimens collected in our hospital, and to explore the function of ASPM in osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Methods Tissue specimens from 82 cases of osteosarcoma were collected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry assay. We also investigated the relationship between ASPM expression and clinicopathological characteristics in the patients. We transfected shASPM plasmid and the empty control plasmid, respectively, and then used quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis to detect ASPM expression. Cell colony assay and MTT were used to observe the proliferation ability. In vivo study was undertaken to explore the ASPM function further. Results In this study, ASPM showed high expression in osteosarcoma tissue samples compared with non‐tumor normal tissues. ASPM was positively correlated with clinical pathological characteristics, including tumor size (P = 0.024) and clinical stage (P = 0.045). Our results further showed that ASPM depletion dramatically inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells (with fewer cells in the sh‐RNA‐ASPM group compared with the control group(P < 0.05, respectively), and the in vivo assays further confirmed that ASPM ablation markedly blocked tumor growth compared with control (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our data provides strong evidence that the high expression of ASPM in osteosarcoma promotes proliferation in vitro and in vivo, indicating its potential role as an osteosarcoma therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Li-Yan Liang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yao-Zhong Dong
- Department of Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - He-Jun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gui-Shi Li
- Department of Joint Orthopaedics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
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10
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LeGout JD, Bailey RE, Bolan CW, Bowman AW, Chen F, Cernigliaro JG, Alexander LF. Multimodality Imaging of Abdominopelvic Tumors with Venous Invasion. Radiographics 2020; 40:2098-2116. [PMID: 33064623 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2020200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A broad range of abdominal and pelvic tumors can manifest with or develop intraluminal venous invasion. Imaging features at cross-sectional modalities and contrast-enhanced US that allow differentiation of tumor extension within veins from bland thrombus include the expansile nature of tumor thrombus and attenuation and enhancement similar to those of the primary tumor. Venous invasion is a distinctive feature of hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma with known prognostic and treatment implications; however, this finding remains an underrecognized characteristic of multiple other malignancies-including cholangiocarcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, and primary venous leiomyosarcoma-and can be a feature of benign tumors such as renal angiomyolipoma and uterine leiomyomatosis. Recognition of tumor venous invasion at imaging has clinical significance and management implications for a range of abdominal and pelvic tumors. For example, portal vein invasion is a strong negative prognostic indicator in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In patients with rectal cancer, diagnosis of extramural venous invasion helps predict local and distant recurrence and is associated with worse survival. The authors present venous invasion by vascular distribution and organ of primary tumor origin with review of typical imaging features. Common pitfalls and mimics of neoplastic thrombus, including artifacts and anatomic variants, are described to help differentiate these findings from tumor in vein. By accurately diagnosing tumor venous invasion, especially in tumors where its presence may not be a typical feature, radiologists can help referring clinicians develop the best treatment strategies for their patients. ©RSNA, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D LeGout
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Ryan E Bailey
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Candice W Bolan
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Andrew W Bowman
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Frank Chen
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Joseph G Cernigliaro
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Lauren F Alexander
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224
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11
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Siedek F, Muehe AM, Theruvath AJ, Avedian R, Pribnow A, Spunt SL, Liang T, Farrell C, Daldrup-Link HE. Comparison of ferumoxytol- and gadolinium chelate-enhanced MRI for assessment of sarcomas in children and adolescents. Eur Radiol 2019; 30:1790-1803. [PMID: 31844962 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared the value of ferumoxytol (FMX)- and gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced MRI for assessment of sarcomas in paediatric/adolescent patients and hypothesised that tumour size and morphological features can be equally well assessed with both protocols. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of paediatric/adolescent patients with newly diagnosed bone or soft tissue sarcomas and both pre-treatment FMX- and Gd-MRI scans, which were maximal 4 weeks apart. Both protocols included T1- and T2-weighted sequences. One reader assessed tumour volumes, signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of the primary tumour and adjacent tissues and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) of FMX- and Gd-MRI scans. Additionally, four readers scored FMX- and Gd-MRI scans according to 15 diagnostic parameters, using a Likert scale. The results were pooled across readers and compared between FMX- and Gd-MRI scans. Statistical methods included multivariate analyses with different models. RESULTS Twenty-two patients met inclusion criteria (16 males, 6 females; mean age 15.3 ± 5.0). Tumour volume was not significantly different on T1-LAVA (p = 0.721), T1-SE (p = 0.290) and T2-FSE (p = 0.609) sequences. Compared to Gd-MRI, FMX-MRI demonstrated significantly lower tumour SNR on T1-LAVA (p < 0.001), equal tumour SNR on T1-SE (p = 0.104) and T2-FSE (p = 0.305), significantly higher tumour-to-marrow CNR (p < 0.001) on T2-FSE as well as significantly higher tumour-to-liver (p = 0.021) and tumour-to-vessel (p = 0.003) CNR on T1-LAVA images. Peritumoural and marrow oedema enhanced significantly more on Gd-MRI compared to FMX-MRI (p < 0.001/p = 0.002, respectively). Tumour thrombi and neurovascular bundle involvement were assessed with a significantly higher confidence on FMX-MRI (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS FMX-MRI provides equal assessment of the extent of bone and soft tissue sarcomas compared to Gd-MRI with improved tumour delineation and improved evaluation of neurovascular involvement and tumour thrombi. Therefore, FMX-MRI is a possible alternative to Gd-MRI for tumour staging in paediatric/adolescent sarcoma patients. KEY POINTS • Ferumoxytol can be used as an alterative to gadolinium chelates for MRI staging ofpaediatric sarcomas. • Ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI provides equal assessment of tumour size and other diagnostic parameters compared to gadolinium chelate-enhanced MRI. • Ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI provides improved delineation of sarcomas from bone marrow, liver and vessels compared to gadolinium chelate-enhanced MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Siedek
- Department of Radiology, Pediatric Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (PedsMIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne M Muehe
- Department of Radiology, Pediatric Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (PedsMIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ashok J Theruvath
- Department of Radiology, Pediatric Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (PedsMIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raffi Avedian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Allison Pribnow
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sheri L Spunt
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tie Liang
- Department of Radiology, Pediatric Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (PedsMIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Crystal Farrell
- Department of Radiology, Pediatric Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (PedsMIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Pediatric Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (PedsMIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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12
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Cui L, Zhang JY, Ren ZP, Zhao HJ, Li GS. APLNR promotes the progression of osteosarcoma by stimulating cell proliferation and invasion. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 30:940-947. [PMID: 30920988 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone malignancies with a poor prognosis. In recent years, targeted therapy has shown great potential in the treatment of osteosarcoma, and more effective therapeutic targets for this disease need to be developed. APLNR is a seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor expressed widely in multiple tissues. As has been reported, APLNR is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Although APLNR plays a role in the development and progression of multiple tumors, the potential role of APLNR in osteosarcoma, a highly malignant tumor, remains unclear. Here, we reported that APLNR expression was correlated positively with clinical features including tumor size and stage of osteosarcoma. We found that APLNR knockdown inhibited the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. In addition, APLNR could promote the progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma in mice. Collectively, this study showed the potential link between APLNR and osteosarcoma and suggested APLNR as a novel therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cui
- Departments of Ophthalmology Surgery
| | | | | | - He-Jun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gui-Shi Li
- Joint Orthopaedics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province
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13
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Yedururi S, Kang H, Cox VL, Chawla S, Le O, Loyer EM, Marcal L. Tumor thrombus in the venous drainage pathways of primary, recurrent and metastatic disease on routine oncologic imaging studies: beyond hepatocellular and renal cell carcinomas. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20180478. [PMID: 30844299 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiologists routinely evaluate for tumor thrombus in the portal and hepatic veins in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and in the renal vein and inferior vena cava in patients with renal cell carcinoma. However, tumor thrombus occurs in association with numerous other tumor types, e.g. colorectal carcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Furthermore tumor thrombi are not limited to the primary tumor but also seen with local recurrence and metastatic disease. While less recognized, these thrombi nevertheless affect patterns of recurrence and prognosis. Their detection is critical for accurate local staging and early detection of local recurrence and metastatic disease. The purpose of this pictorial review is to draw the attention of radiologists to the less familiar manifestations of tumor thrombus, review the imaging findings and illustrate the clinical significance of these thrombi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sireesha Yedururi
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston , Texas , USA
| | - HyunSeon Kang
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Veronica L Cox
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Sumedha Chawla
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Ott Le
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Evelyne M Loyer
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Leonardo Marcal
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston , Texas , USA
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