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Farhangnia P, Khorramdelazad H, Nickho H, Delbandi AA. Current and future immunotherapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer treatment. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:40. [PMID: 38835055 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death, but despondently, the outlook and prognosis for this resistant type of tumor have remained grim for a long time. Currently, it is extremely challenging to prevent or detect it early enough for effective treatment because patients rarely exhibit symptoms and there are no reliable indicators for detection. Most patients have advanced or spreading cancer that is difficult to treat, and treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy can only slightly prolong their life by a few months. Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of pancreatic cancer, yet its effectiveness is limited by the tumor's immunosuppressive and hard-to-reach microenvironment. First, this article explains the immunosuppressive microenvironment of pancreatic cancer and highlights a wide range of immunotherapy options, including therapies involving oncolytic viruses, modified T cells (T-cell receptor [TCR]-engineered and chimeric antigen receptor [CAR] T-cell therapy), CAR natural killer cell therapy, cytokine-induced killer cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunomodulators, cancer vaccines, and strategies targeting myeloid cells in the context of contemporary knowledge and future trends. Lastly, it discusses the main challenges ahead of pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Farhangnia
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Asimgil H, Ertetik U, Çevik NC, Ekizce M, Doğruöz A, Gökalp M, Arık-Sever E, Istvanffy R, Friess H, Ceyhan GO, Demir IE. Targeting the undruggable oncogenic KRAS: the dawn of hope. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e153688. [PMID: 35014625 PMCID: PMC8765045 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations are the drivers of various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Over the last 30 years, immense efforts have been made to inhibit KRAS mutants and oncogenic KRAS signaling using inhibitors. Recently, specific targeting of KRAS mutants with small molecules revived the hopes for successful therapies for lung, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer patients. Moreover, advances in gene editing, protein engineering, and drug delivery formulations have revolutionized cancer therapy regimens. New therapies aim to improve immune surveillance and enhance antitumor immunity by precisely targeting cancer cells harboring oncogenic KRAS. Here, we review recent KRAS-targeting strategies, their therapeutic potential, and remaining challenges to overcome. We also highlight the potential synergistic effects of various combinatorial therapies in preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Asimgil
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utku Ertetik
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nedim Can Çevik
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Menar Ekizce
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Doğruöz
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muazzez Gökalp
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Arık-Sever
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rouzanna Istvanffy
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- SFB/Collaborative Research Centre 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- SFB/Collaborative Research Centre 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Munich, Germany
| | - Güralp Onur Ceyhan
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary-Unit, School of Medicine, Kerem Aydınlar Campus at Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- SFB/Collaborative Research Centre 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Munich, Germany
- Else Kröner Clinician Scientist Professor for Translational Pancreatic Surgery, Munich, Germany
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Lucas LM, Dwivedi V, Senfeld JI, Cullum RL, Mill CP, Piazza JT, Bryant IN, Cook LJ, Miller ST, Lott JH, Kelley CM, Knerr EL, Markham JA, Kaufmann DP, Jacobi MA, Shen J, Riese DJ. The Yin and Yang of ERBB4: Tumor Suppressor and Oncoprotein. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:18-47. [PMID: 34987087 PMCID: PMC11060329 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB4 (HER4) is a member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, a family that includes the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1/HER1), ERBB2 (Neu/HER2), and ERBB3 (HER3). EGFR and ERBB2 are oncoproteins and validated targets for therapeutic intervention in a variety of solid tumors. In contrast, the role that ERBB4 plays in human malignancies is ambiguous. Thus, here we review the literature regarding ERBB4 function in human malignancies. We review the mechanisms of ERBB4 signaling with an emphasis on mechanisms of signaling specificity. In the context of this signaling specificity, we discuss the hypothesis that ERBB4 appears to function as a tumor suppressor protein and as an oncoprotein. Next, we review the literature that describes the role of ERBB4 in tumors of the bladder, liver, prostate, brain, colon, stomach, lung, bone, ovary, thyroid, hematopoietic tissues, pancreas, breast, skin, head, and neck. Whenever possible, we discuss the possibility that ERBB4 mutants function as biomarkers in these tumors. Finally, we discuss the potential roles of ERBB4 mutants in the staging of human tumors and how ERBB4 function may dictate the treatment of human tumors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This articles reviews ERBB4 function in the context of the mechanistic model that ERBB4 homodimers function as tumor suppressors, whereas ERBB4-EGFR or ERBB4-ERBB2 heterodimers act as oncogenes. Thus, this review serves as a mechanistic framework for clinicians and scientists to consider the role of ERBB4 and ERBB4 mutants in staging and treating human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Lucas
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Vipasha Dwivedi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Jared I Senfeld
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Richard L Cullum
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Christopher P Mill
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - J Tyler Piazza
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Ianthe N Bryant
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Laura J Cook
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - S Tyler Miller
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - James H Lott
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Connor M Kelley
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Elizabeth L Knerr
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Jessica A Markham
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - David P Kaufmann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Megan A Jacobi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - David J Riese
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
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El-Gamal MI, Mewafi NH, Abdelmotteleb NE, Emara MA, Tarazi H, Sbenati RM, Madkour MM, Zaraei SO, Shahin AI, Anbar HS. A Review of HER4 (ErbB4) Kinase, Its Impact on Cancer, and Its Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:7376. [PMID: 34885957 PMCID: PMC8659013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HER4 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is required for the evolution of normal body systems such as cardiovascular, nervous, and endocrine systems, especially the mammary glands. It is activated through ligand binding and activates MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathways. HER4 is commonly expressed in many human tissues, both adult and fetal. It is important to understand the role of HER4 in the treatment of many disorders. Many studies were also conducted on the role of HER4 in tumors and its tumor suppressor function. Mostly, overexpression of HER4 kinase results in cancer development. In the present article, we reviewed the structure, location, ligands, physiological functions of HER4, and its relationship to different cancer types. HER4 inhibitors reported mainly from 2016 to the present were reviewed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I. El-Gamal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.H.M.); (N.E.A.); (M.A.E.); (H.T.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nada H. Mewafi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.H.M.); (N.E.A.); (M.A.E.); (H.T.)
| | - Nada E. Abdelmotteleb
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.H.M.); (N.E.A.); (M.A.E.); (H.T.)
| | - Minnatullah A. Emara
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.H.M.); (N.E.A.); (M.A.E.); (H.T.)
| | - Hamadeh Tarazi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.H.M.); (N.E.A.); (M.A.E.); (H.T.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Rawan M. Sbenati
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Moustafa M. Madkour
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Seyed-Omar Zaraei
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Afnan I. Shahin
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Hanan S. Anbar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai 19099, United Arab Emirates
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Yang X, Miao Y, Wang J, Mi D. A pan-cancer analysis of the HER family gene and their association with prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic targets. Life Sci 2021; 273:119307. [PMID: 33691171 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family gene is involved in a wide range of biological functions in human cancers. Nevertheless, there is little research that comprehensively analysis the correlation between HER family members and prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME) in different cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on updated public databases and integrated several bioinformatics analysis methods, we evaluated expression level, prognostic values of HER family gene and explore the association between expression of HER family gene and TME, Stemness score, immune subtype, drug sensitivity in pan-cancer. KEY FINDINGS EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3, and ERBB4 were higher expressed in four cancers, five cancers, ten cancers, and two cancers, respectively. HER family gene expression is related to the prognosis in several cancers from TCGA and has a significant correlation with stromal and immune scores in pan-cancer also has a significant correlation with RNA stemness score and DNA stemness score in pan-cancer. Expression level of HER family gene is associated with immune subtype in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. EGFR expression was negatively associated with drug sensitivity of Pipamperone, Tamoxifen, Bafetinib and positively related to drug sensitivity of Dasatinib and Staurosporine. ERBB2 expression was negatively related to drug sensitivity of Ifosfamide, Imexon, and Oxaliplatin. ERBB4 expression was positively related to drug sensitivity of E-7820. SIGNIFICANCE These findings may elucidate the roles played by HER family gene in cancer progression and providing insights for further investigation of the HER family gene as potential targets in pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yandong Miao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Denghai Mi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China; Gansu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, PR China.
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Pancreatic Cancer UK Grand Challenge: Developments and challenges for effective CAR T cell therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2020; 20:394-408. [PMID: 32173257 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Death from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is rising across the world and PDAC is predicted to be the second most common cause of cancer death in the USA by 2030. Development of effective biotherapies for PDAC are hampered by late presentation, a low number of differentially expressed molecular targets and a tumor-promoting microenvironment that forms both a physical, collagen-rich barrier and is also immunosuppressive. In 2017 Pancreatic Cancer UK awarded its first Grand Challenge Programme award to tackle this problem. The team plan to combine the use of novel CAR T cells with strategies to overcome the barriers presented by the tumor microenvironment. In advance of publication of those data this review seeks to highlight the key problems in effective CAR T cell therapy of PDAC and to describe pre-clinical and clinical progress in CAR T bio-therapeutics.
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7
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Ali AI, Oliver AJ, Samiei T, Chan JD, Kershaw MH, Slaney CY. Genetic Redirection of T Cells for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:56. [PMID: 30809507 PMCID: PMC6379296 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional treatments for pancreatic cancer are largely ineffective, and the prognosis for the vast majority of patients is poor. Clearly, new treatment options are desperately needed. Immunotherapy offers hope for the development of treatments for pancreatic cancer. A central requirement for the efficacy of this approach is the existence of cancer antigen-specific T cells, but these are often not present or difficult to isolate for most pancreatic tumors. Nevertheless, specific T cells can be generated using genetic modification to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR), which can enable T cell responses against pancreatic tumor cells. CAR T cells can be produced ex vivo and expanded in vitro for infusion into patients. Remarkable responses have been documented using CAR T cells against several malignancies, including leukemias and lymphomas. Based on these successes, the extension of CAR T cell therapy for pancreatic cancer holds great promise. However, there are a number of challenges that limit the full potential of CAR T cell therapies for pancreatic cancer, including the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In this article, we will review the recent progress in using CAR T cells in pancreatic cancer preclinical and clinical settings, discuss hurdles for utilizing the full potential of CAR T cell therapy and propose research strategies and future perspectives. Research into the use of CAR T cell therapy in pancreatic cancer setting is rapidly gaining momentum and understanding strategies to overcome the current challenges in the pancreatic cancer setting will allow the development of effective CAR T cell therapies, either alone or in combination with other treatments to benefit pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aesha I Ali
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amanda J Oliver
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tinaz Samiei
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jack D Chan
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael H Kershaw
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare Y Slaney
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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8
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Lamarca A, Galdy S, Barriuso J, Moghadam S, Beckett E, Rogan J, Backen A, Billington C, McNamara MG, Hubner RA, Cramer A, Valle JW. The HER3 pathway as a potential target for inhibition in patients with biliary tract cancers. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206007. [PMID: 30335866 PMCID: PMC6193702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2 and HER3 have been investigated in small BTC studies using variable scoring systems. METHODS HER2 and HER3 overexpression/amplification were explored following internationally agreed guidelines using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH), respectively. Logistic regression and survival analysis (Kaplan Meier, Log rank test and Cox Regression) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Sixty-seven eligible patients with Stage I/II (31.3%) or III/IV (68.7%) disease at diagnosis were included. Membrane HER2 overexpression/amplification was identified in 1 patient (1%). HER3 overexpression was predominantly cytoplasmic; the rate of overexpression/amplification of HER3 in membrane and cytoplasm was 16% [ampullary cancer (AMP) (1/13; 8%), gallbladder cancer (GBC) (1/10; 10%), intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) (6/26; 23%), extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) (3/18; 17%)] and 24% [AMP (1/13; 8%), GBC (1/10; 10%), ICC (10/26; 38%), ECC (4/18; 22%)], respectively. CONCLUSIONS A significant subset of patients with BTC expressed HER3. Inhibition of HER3 warrants further investigation. A better understanding of the downstream effects of HER3 in BTC requires further mechanistic investigations to identify new biomarkers and improve patient selection for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Galdy
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumours, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sharzad Moghadam
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Biobank, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Beckett
- The Christie Pathology Partnership, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Rogan
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Biobank, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Backen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Billington
- The Christie Pathology Partnership, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mairéad G. McNamara
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Hubner
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Cramer
- The Christie Pathology Partnership, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Juan W. Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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9
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Jindal V, Arora E, Masab M, Gupta S. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in pancreatic cancer: from research to practice. Med Oncol 2018; 35:84. [PMID: 29728788 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is genetically engineered tumor antigen-specific anticancer immunotherapy, which after showing great success in hematological malignancies is currently being tried in advanced solid tumors like pancreatic cancer. Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and dense fibrous stroma are some of the limitation in the success of this novel therapy. However, genetic modifications and combination therapy is the topic of the research to improve its efficacy. In this article, we summarize the current state of knowledge, limitations, and future prospects for CAR T cell therapy in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Jindal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, 01608, USA.
| | - Ena Arora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Muhammad Masab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sorab Gupta
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, USA
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10
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DeSelm CJ, Tano ZE, Varghese AM, Adusumilli PS. CAR T-cell therapy for pancreatic cancer. J Surg Oncol 2017; 116:63-74. [PMID: 28346697 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy utilizes genetic engineering to redirect a patient's own T cells to target cancer cells. The remarkable results in hematological malignancies prompted investigating this approach in solid tumors such as pancreatic cancer. The complex tumor microenvironment, stromal hindrance in limiting immune response, and expression of checkpoint blockade on T cells pose hurdles. Herein, we summarize the opportunities, challenges, and state of knowledge in targeting pancreatic cancer with CAR T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J DeSelm
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zachary E Tano
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anna M Varghese
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Prasad S Adusumilli
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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11
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Li Q, Zhang L, Li X, Yan H, Yang L, Li Y, Li T, Wang J, Cao B. The prognostic significance of human epidermal growth factor receptor family protein expression in operable pancreatic cancer : HER1-4 protein expression and prognosis in pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:910. [PMID: 27871278 PMCID: PMC5117489 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prognostic factors aid in the stratification and treatment of cancer. This study evaluated the prognostic significance of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family members (HER1–4) expression in patients with operable pancreatic cancer. Methods The expression of individual HER proteins in patient tissue specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. Patient follow-up time was between 1.0 and 78.1 months. Results Positive expression of HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4 was detected in 41.4, 60.0, 24.3 and 65.7% of cases, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that HER3 positive expression was associated with decreased median survival time (12.0 vs. 25.6 months for HER3 positive and negative groups, respectively; P = 0.013). Cox’s regression confirmed that positive HER3 expression was an independent predictor of poor survival (RR = 3.684, P = 0.001). In contrast, HER4 negative patients had a significantly decreased median survival time when compared with HER4 positive patients (11.4 vs. 25.6 months, respectively; P = 0.027). However, HER4 was not an independent predictor of survival. No significant association between HER1 or HER2 expression and survival was observed (P = 0.626 & P = 0.859, respectively). Conclusions HER3 is an independent prognostic marker for patients with operable pancreatic cancer. HER4 may also be of potential prognostic value in this disease and deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - XiuHong Li
- Research Experiments Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liuting Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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12
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Profiling of cMET and HER Family Receptor Expression in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas and Corresponding Lymph Node Metastasis to Assess Relevant Pathways for Targeted Therapies: Looking at the Soil Before Planting the Seed. Pancreas 2016; 45:1167-74. [PMID: 26825865 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Comprehensive assessment of cMET and HER family receptor tyrosine kinases expression, changes of expression during metastatic progression, amplification status of the MET gene, and correlations with patient characteristics in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) was conducted. METHODS We investigated 56 PDACs and corresponding lymph node metastases for HER1 to HER4 and cMET expression by immunohistochemistry, as well as cMET gene copy numbers by chromogenic in situ hybridization. RESULTS Of all receptor tyrosine kinases evaluated, cMET expression was highest with 46.5% of tumors showing moderate or strong expression and a weak correlation with gene copy number status (P = 0.04; Spearman ρ = 0.28). cMET expression was increased in metastases. In contrast, expression levels of HER family receptors were generally low both in primaries and metastases. A weak yet significant correlation of HER1 and cMET expression levels was observed (P < 0.001; Spearman ρ = 0.44) and HER1 was often present in poorly differentiated tumors (G3, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that cMET might constitute an interesting molecule for combining targeted and chemotherapeutic approaches in PDAC, because expression is frequent and increased during metastatic progression. In PDAC, cMET protein expression might be a more useful stratification biomarker than cMET gene amplification, which does not seem to be its primary regulator.
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13
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HER family receptor expression and prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2015; 30:e327-32. [PMID: 26109364 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER family receptors play a key role in tumor progression in several malignancies, such as colorectal, lung or breast cancer. The aims of this study were to investigate expression of HER-1, HER-2 and HER-3 in pancreatic cancer (PC) samples and evaluate the association between HER-family receptor expression and patients' clinical outcomes. METHODS Tissue samples from 91 PC patients were subjected to immunohistochemical staining to assess the expression of HER-1, HER-2 and HER-3. Semiquantitative scores of zero (no staining or staining in less than 10% of cancer cells), 1+, 2+ or 3+ were assigned to each sample based on the intensity of staining for HER receptors. Scores of 2+ or 3+ were defined as positive staining. RESULTS HER-1 overexpression was observed in 41 out of 91 samples (45.1%), while HER-2 was not overexpressed in any of the analyzed samples. HER-3 was overexpressed in 37 samples (40.7%) and was found to be associated with advanced TNM stage. In particular, HER-3 was overexpressed in 12 out of 16 stage IV patients (75%) compared with only 33.3% of stage I-III patients (p = 0.02). Among 79 patients with available survival data, the 6 patients with strong HER-3 expression (score 3+) had a shorter survival compared with remaining patients (median overall survival 6.9 months vs. 12.3 months, respectively). CONCLUSIONS HER-1 and HER-3 were found to be expressed in a significant proportion of PC patients. Strong HER-3 expression represents an indicator of poor prognosis in PC patients, being associated with advanced stage and shorter survival.
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14
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Asav E, Sezgintürk MK. A novel impedimetric disposable immunosensor for rapid detection of a potential cancer biomarker. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 66:273-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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The function of human epidermal growth factor receptor-3 and its role in tumors (Review). Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2563-70. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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16
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Identification of novel predictive markers for the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:69-76. [PMID: 22939953 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a disease with poor prognosis and high mortality. To identify novel molecular markers that could predict the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, a total of 114 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and 99 peritumoral tissues were collected. Protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, cyclin D1, epidermal growth factor receptor and Her-2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) were measured by immunohistochemistry. Molecular abnormalities of cyclin D1/q11, Her-2/q17, and epidermal growth factor receptor/p7 were detected using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results demonstrated that the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, epidermal growth factor receptor, Her-2, and cyclin D1 were significantly higher in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma than that in peritumoral tissues (P = .000). Significantly more amplifications of epidermal growth factor receptor, Her-2, and cyclin D1 were observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients than in peritumoral tissues. In addition, 51.8% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors showed polysomy 7, 50% showed polysomy 11, and 40.4% showed polysomy 17. However, no polysomy was observed in peritumoral tissues. Her-2 amplification and polysomy 17 significantly correlated with poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (P = .008 and P = .005, respectively). Interestingly, only cleaved caspase-3 protein level significantly correlated with poor survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients (P = .000). We also observed significant correlations of cleaved caspase-3 level with epidermal growth factor receptor, Her-2, and cyclin D1 protein levels and the molecular abnormalities of Her-2 and cyclin D1. Conclusively, cleaved caspase-3 level is an ideal biomarker to predict prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients and might be a better target for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treatment than epidermal growth factor receptor/Her-2 and cyclin D1.
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Kreutzer JN, Salvador A, Diana P, Cirrincione G, Vedaldi D, Litchfield DW, Issinger OG, Guerra B. 2-Triazenoazaindoles: α novel class of triazenes inducing transcriptional down-regulation of EGFR and HER-2 in human pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2011; 40:914-22. [PMID: 22134789 PMCID: PMC3584806 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a complex malignancy arising from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic defects in the affected cells. Standard chemotherapy for patients with advanced disease shows only modest effects and is associated with considerable toxicity. Overexpression or aberrant activation of members of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase family, which includes EGFR and HER-2, occurs frequently and is associated with multiple drug resistance and decreased patient survival. In this study, we have investigated the therapeutic potential of AS104, a novel compound of the triazene class, with potential inhibitory effects on EGFR. We found that treatment of cells with AS104 causes significant reduction of cell growth and metabolic activity in four human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we show that the AS104-mediated induction of apoptotic cell death is associated with stimulation of autophagy in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of cells with AS104 results in significant down-regulation of EGFR and HER-2 expression and activity and subsequent inhibition of downstream signaling proteins. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis and assays with proteasome inhibitors revealed that AS104 regulates the expression of EGFR and HER-2 at the transcriptional level. These findings provide for the first time experimental evidence for efficacy of AS104 in the simultaneous transcriptional repression of EGFR and HER-2 genes and suggest that AS104 may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of pancreatic cancers that express high levels of the aforementioned receptor tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan N Kreutzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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18
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Hirakawa T, Nakata B, Amano R, Kimura K, Shimizu S, Ohira G, Yamada N, Ohira M, Hirakawa K. HER3 overexpression as an independent indicator of poor prognosis for patients with curatively resected pancreatic cancer. Oncology 2011; 81:192-8. [PMID: 22067729 DOI: 10.1159/000333825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) overexpression and survival in patients with curatively resected pancreatic cancer was investigated. METHODS Tissue samples from 126 pancreatic cancers without hematogenous or peritoneal metastases recovered from macroscopically curative resection were fixed with formalin, embedded in paraffin and subjected to immunohistochemical staining. Semiquantitative scores of zero (no staining or staining in less than 10% of cancer cells), 1+, 2+, or 3+ were assigned to each sample based on the intensity of staining. Scores of 2+ or 3+ were defined as HER3-positive staining, i.e., HER3 overexpression. RESULTS HER3 overexpression was observed in 52 of the 126 tissue samples (41.3%). There were no associations between HER3 overexpression and clinicopathological factors, including tumor location, tumor size, tumor differentiation, T/N categories according to the International Union against Cancer, and serum carbohydrate antibody 19-9 level (CA19-9). Univariate analysis demonstrated the median survival time of patients with HER3 overexpression was 37.2 months, while that of patients with HER3-negative samples was 58.6 months (p = 0.008). HER3 overexpression, lymph node metastasis, and elevated serum CA19-9 level were independent predictors of poor prognosis based on multivariate survival analysis. CONCLUSION A new prognostic predictor, HER3 overexpression, was identified for resected pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
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Trocmé E, Mougiakakos D, Johansson CC, All-Eriksson C, Economou MA, Larsson O, Seregard S, Kiessling R, Lin Y. Nuclear HER3 is associated with favorable overall survival in uveal melanoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:1120-7. [PMID: 21484789 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
HER3 is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family and is expressed in several types of cancer. Both the cytoplasmic and nuclear appearances of the receptor have been reported. Here, we investigate the expression and subcellular distribution of HER3 in uveal melanoma (UM) cells and tissues and its potential impact on clinical outcome of patients. Paraffin-embedded samples from 128 consecutive UM patients, enucleated without alternative treatment on UM diagnosis, were evaluated for HER3 using immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity was scored for frequency, intensity of positive cells, and subcellular distribution. The results were correlated with the established clinicopathological parameters using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. HER3 expression was shown in 70% of the cases (89/128). This contrasts with the other EGFR family receptors (EGFR, HER2 and HER4) that are infrequently expressed in UM. Surprisingly, HER3 was found to be localized solely in the cell nuclei in 56 cases. The remaining 33 HER3 positive cases showed diffuse distribution (cytoplasmic ± nuclear). Nuclear HER3 was independently correlated with a more favorable overall survival (p = 0.043 and hazard ratio = 0.618) compared to cases with diffuse and/or no HER3. Nuclear localization of HER3 was also confirmed in fresh UM material and in UM cell lines. In conclusion, HER3 is frequently localized solely in the cell nuclei in UM and as such it predicts a more favorable overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Trocmé
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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