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Wang J, Wang Z, Mo Y, Zeng Z, Wei P, Li T. Effect of hyperthermic CO 2-treated dendritic cell-derived exosomes on the human gastric cancer AGS cell line. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:71-76. [PMID: 26170979 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the antitumor effects of hyperthermic CO2 (HT-CO2)-treated dendritic cell (DC)-derived exosomes (Dex) on human gastric cancer AGS cells. Mouse-derived DCs were incubated in HT-CO2 at 43°C for 4 h. The exosomes in the cell culture supernatant were then isolated. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis was observed using flow cytometry, Hoechst 33258 staining and the analysis of caspase-3 activity. In addition, the proliferation of tumor cells was evaluated in xenotransplant nude mice. HT-CO2 markedly inhibited cell proliferation, as assessed by the CCK-8 assay, and also induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, as demonstrated by Annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry, caspase-3 activity and morphological analysis using Hoechst fluorescent dye. It was also revealed that HT-CO2-treated Dex decreased the expression of heat shock protein 70 and inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. In conclusion, HT-CO2 exerted an efficacious immune-enhancing effect on DCs. These findings may provide a novel strategy for the elimination of free cancer cells during laparoscopic resection. However, the potential cellular mechanisms underlying this process require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Mo
- Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
| | - Pei Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
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Yao X, Williamson C, Adalsteinsson VA, D'Agostino RS, Fitton T, Smaroff GG, William RT, Wittrup KD, Love JC. Tumor cells are dislodged into the pulmonary vein during lobectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:3224-31.e1-5. [PMID: 25172322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraoperative tumor shedding may facilitate tumor dissemination. In earlier studies, shed tumor cells were defined primarily by cytomorphological examination, and normal epithelial cells could not always be distinguished from tumor cells. We sought to accurately identify tumor cells using single-cell sequencing and determine whether these cells were mobilized into the circulation during pulmonary lobectomy. METHODS Forty-two blood samples collected from the tumor-draining pulmonary vein at the end of lobectomy procedures were analyzed. Arrays of nanowells were used to enumerate and retrieve single EpCAM(+) cells. Targeted sequencing of 10 to 15 cells and nested polymerase chain reaction of single cells detected somatic mutations in shed epithelial cells consistent with patient-matched tumor but not normal tissue. RESULTS The mean number of EpCAM(+) cells in video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) lobectomy (no wedge) specimens (n = 16) was 165 (median, 115; range, 0-509) but sampling cells from 3 patients indicated that only 0% to 38% of the EpCAM(+) cells were tumor cells. The mean number of EpCAM(+) cells in VATS lobectomy (wedge) specimens (n = 12) was 1128 (median, 197; range, 47-9406) and all of the EpCAM(+) cells were normal epithelial cells in 2 patients sampled. The mean number of EpCAM(+) cells in thoracotomy specimens (n = 14) was 238 (median, 22; range, 9-2920) and 0% to 50% of total EpCAM(+) cells were tumor cells based on 4 patients sampled. CONCLUSIONS Surgery mobilizes tumor cells into the pulmonary vein, along with many normal epithelial cells. EpCAM alone cannot differentiate between normal and tumor cells. On the other hand, single-cell genetic approaches with patient-matched normal and tumor tissues can accurately quantify the number of shed tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosai Yao
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Christina Williamson
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Mass
| | - Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Richard S D'Agostino
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Mass
| | - Torin Fitton
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Mass
| | - Gregory G Smaroff
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Mass
| | - Robert T William
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass
| | - J Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass.
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