1
|
Rickles-Young M, Tinoco G, Tsuji J, Pollock S, Haynam M, Lefebvre H, Glover K, Owen DH, Collier KA, Ha G, Adalsteinsson VA, Cibulskis C, Lennon NJ, Stover DG. Assay Validation of Cell-Free DNA Shallow Whole-Genome Sequencing to Determine Tumor Fraction in Advanced Cancers. J Mol Diagn 2024; 26:413-422. [PMID: 38490303 PMCID: PMC11090203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood-based liquid biopsy is increasingly used in clinical care of patients with cancer, and fraction of tumor-derived DNA in circulation (tumor fraction; TFx) has demonstrated clinical validity across multiple cancer types. To determine TFx, shallow whole-genome sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can be performed from a single blood sample, using an established computational pipeline (ichorCNA), without prior knowledge of tumor mutations, in a highly cost-effective manner. We describe assay validation of this approach to facilitate broad clinical application, including evaluation of assay sensitivity, precision, repeatability, reproducibility, pre-analytic factors, and DNA quality/quantity. Sensitivity to detect TFx of 3% (lower limit of detection) was 97.2% to 100% at 1× and 0.1× mean sequencing depth, respectively. Precision was demonstrated on distinct sequencing instruments (HiSeqX and NovaSeq) with no observable differences. The assay achieved prespecified 95% agreement of TFx across replicates of the same specimen (repeatability) and duplicate samples in different batches (reproducibility). Comparison of samples collected in EDTA and Streck tubes from single venipuncture in 23 patients demonstrated that EDTA or Streck tubes were comparable if processed within 8 hours. On the basis of a range of DNA inputs (1 to 50 ng), 20 ng cfDNA is the preferred input, with 5 ng minimum acceptable. Overall, this shallow whole-genome sequencing of cfDNA and ichorCNA approach offers sensitive, precise, and reproducible quantitation of TFx, facilitating assay application in clinical cancer care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micah Rickles-Young
- Genomics Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gabriel Tinoco
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Junko Tsuji
- Genomics Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sam Pollock
- Genomics Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Marcy Haynam
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Heather Lefebvre
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kristyn Glover
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dwight H Owen
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Katharine A Collier
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gavin Ha
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Genomics Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Carrie Cibulskis
- Genomics Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Niall J Lennon
- Genomics Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Daniel G Stover
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Merryman RW, Rhoades J, Xiong K, Redd RA, Antel K, An HH, McDonough M, Guerrero L, Crnjac A, Sridhar S, Blewett T, Cheng J, Dahi PB, Nieto Y, Joyce RM, Chen Y, Herrera AF, Armand P, Murakami M, Adalsteinsson VA. Comparison of whole-genome and immunoglobulin-based circulating tumor DNA assays in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e47. [PMID: 38566803 PMCID: PMC10983020 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reid W. Merryman
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Justin Rhoades
- Gerstner Center for Cancer DiagnosticsBroad InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kan Xiong
- Gerstner Center for Cancer DiagnosticsBroad InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Robert A. Redd
- Department of Data ScienceDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Katherine Antel
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Hyun Hwan An
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mikaela McDonough
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Liliana Guerrero
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andela Crnjac
- Gerstner Center for Cancer DiagnosticsBroad InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sainetra Sridhar
- Gerstner Center for Cancer DiagnosticsBroad InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Timothy Blewett
- Gerstner Center for Cancer DiagnosticsBroad InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ju Cheng
- Gerstner Center for Cancer DiagnosticsBroad InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Parastoo B. Dahi
- Department of Medicine, Adult Bone Marrow Transplant ServiceMemorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer CenterNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Yago Nieto
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular TherapyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Robin M. Joyce
- Department of Hematologic MalignancyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yi‐Bin Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation ProgramMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alex F. Herrera
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell TransplantationCity of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Philippe Armand
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mark Murakami
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Reed SC, Lo C, Choudhury AD, Parsons HA, Stover DG, Ha G, Gydush G, Rhoades J, Rotem D, Freeman S, Katz DW, Bandaru R, Zheng H, Fu H, Adalsteinsson VA, Kellis M. FinaleMe: Predicting DNA methylation by the fragmentation patterns of plasma cell-free DNA. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2790. [PMID: 38555308 PMCID: PMC10981715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Analysis of DNA methylation in cell-free DNA reveals clinically relevant biomarkers but requires specialized protocols such as whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. Meanwhile, millions of cell-free DNA samples are being profiled by whole-genome sequencing. Here, we develop FinaleMe, a non-homogeneous Hidden Markov Model, to predict DNA methylation of cell-free DNA and, therefore, tissues-of-origin, directly from plasma whole-genome sequencing. We validate the performance with 80 pairs of deep and shallow-coverage whole-genome sequencing and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- University of Cincinnati Center for Environmental Genetics, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Sarah C Reed
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher Lo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Atish D Choudhury
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Gavin Ha
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Gregory Gydush
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Justin Rhoades
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Denisse Rotem
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Samuel Freeman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - David W Katz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ravi Bandaru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Haizi Zheng
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Hailu Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | | | - Manolis Kellis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Blewett T, Rhoades J, Liu R, Xiong K, Sridhar S, Crnjac A, Cheng J, Lawless AR, Frederick DT, Flaherty KT, Makrigiorgos GM, Adalsteinsson VA. MAESTRO-Pool Enables Highly Parallel and Specific Mutation-Enrichment Sequencing for Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Cohort Studies. Clin Chem 2024; 70:434-443. [PMID: 38069911 PMCID: PMC10847667 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tracing patient-specific tumor mutations in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection is promising but challenging. Assaying more mutations and cfDNA stands to improve MRD detection but requires highly accurate, efficient sequencing methods and proper calibration to prevent false detection with bespoke tests. METHODS MAESTRO (Minor Allele Enriched Sequencing Through Recognition Oligonucleotides) uses mutation-specific oligonucleotide probes to enrich cfDNA libraries for tumor mutations and enable their accurate detection with minimal sequencing. A new approach, MAESTRO-Pool, which entails pooling MAESTRO probes for all patients and applying these to all samples from all patients, was used to screen for 22 333 tumor mutations from 9 melanoma patients in 98 plasma samples. This enabled quantification of MRD detection in patient-matched samples and false detection in unmatched samples from other patients. To detect MRD, a new dynamic MRD caller was used that computes a probability for MRD detection based on the number of mutations and cfDNA molecules sequenced, thereby calibrating for variations in each bespoke test. RESULTS MAESTRO-Pool enabled sensitive detection of MRD down to 0.78 parts per million (ppm), reflecting a 10- to 100-fold improvement over existing tests. Of the 8 MRD positive samples with ultra-low tumor fractions <10 ppm, 7 were either in upward-trend preceding recurrence or downward-trend aligning with response. Of 784 patient-unmatched tests, only one was found as MRD positive (tumor fraction = 2.7 ppm), suggesting high specificity. CONCLUSIONS MAESTRO-Pool enables massively parallel, tumor-informed MRD testing with concurrent benchmarking of bespoke MRD tests. Meanwhile, our new MRD caller enables more mutations and cfDNA molecules to be tested without compromising specificity. These improve the ability for detecting traces of MRD from blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Blewett
- Gerstner Center for Cancer Diagnostics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Justin Rhoades
- Gerstner Center for Cancer Diagnostics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ruolin Liu
- Gerstner Center for Cancer Diagnostics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kan Xiong
- Gerstner Center for Cancer Diagnostics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sainetra Sridhar
- Gerstner Center for Cancer Diagnostics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Andjela Crnjac
- Gerstner Center for Cancer Diagnostics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ju Cheng
- Gerstner Center for Cancer Diagnostics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Aleigha R Lawless
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dennie T Frederick
- Gerstner Center for Cancer Diagnostics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gerassimos Mike Makrigiorgos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Gerstner Center for Cancer Diagnostics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martin-Alonso C, Tabrizi S, Xiong K, Blewett T, Sridhar S, Crnjac A, Patel S, An Z, Bekdemir A, Shea D, Wang ST, Rodriguez-Aponte S, Naranjo CA, Rhoades J, Kirkpatrick JD, Fleming HE, Amini AP, Golub TR, Love JC, Bhatia SN, Adalsteinsson VA. Priming agents transiently reduce the clearance of cell-free DNA to improve liquid biopsies. Science 2024; 383:eadf2341. [PMID: 38236959 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies enable early detection and monitoring of diseases such as cancer, but their sensitivity remains limited by the scarcity of analytes such as cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood. Improvements to sensitivity have primarily relied on enhancing sequencing technology ex vivo. We sought to transiently augment the level of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in a blood draw by attenuating its clearance in vivo. We report two intravenous priming agents given 1 to 2 hours before a blood draw to recover more ctDNA. Our priming agents consist of nanoparticles that act on the cells responsible for cfDNA clearance and DNA-binding antibodies that protect cfDNA. In tumor-bearing mice, they greatly increase the recovery of ctDNA and improve the sensitivity for detecting small tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Martin-Alonso
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shervin Tabrizi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kan Xiong
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Timothy Blewett
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Andjela Crnjac
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sahil Patel
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02124, USA
| | - Zhenyi An
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ahmet Bekdemir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Douglas Shea
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shih-Ting Wang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sergio Rodriguez-Aponte
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christopher A Naranjo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Justin Rhoades
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jesse D Kirkpatrick
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heather E Fleming
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ava P Amini
- Microsoft Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu Y, Reed SC, Lo C, Choudhury AD, Parsons HA, Stover DG, Ha G, Gydush G, Rhoades J, Rotem D, Freeman S, Katz D, Bandaru R, Zheng H, Fu H, Adalsteinsson VA, Kellis M. FinaleMe: Predicting DNA methylation by the fragmentation patterns of plasma cell-free DNA. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.02.573710. [PMID: 38260558 PMCID: PMC10802291 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of DNA methylation in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) reveals clinically relevant biomarkers but requires specialized protocols and sufficient input material that limits its applicability. Millions of cfDNA samples have been profiled by genomic sequencing. To maximize the gene regulation information from the existing dataset, we developed FinaleMe, a non-homogeneous Hidden Markov Model (HMM), to predict DNA methylation of cfDNA and, therefore, tissues-of-origin directly from plasma whole-genome sequencing (WGS). We validated the performance with 80 pairs of deep and shallow-coverage WGS and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- University of Cincinnati Center for Environmental Genetics, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Sarah C. Reed
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | - Atish D. Choudhury
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Gavin Ha
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | | | - Denisse Rotem
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | - David Katz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Ravi Bandaru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Haizi Zheng
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Hailu Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | | | - Manolis Kellis
- University of Cincinnati Center for Environmental Genetics, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sato T, Montazeri K, Gragoudas ES, Lane AM, Aronow MB, Cohen JV, Boland GM, Banks E, Kachulis C, Fleharty M, Cibulskis C, Lawless A, Adalsteinsson VA, Sullivan RJ, Kim IK. Detection of Copy-Number Variation in Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Patients With Uveal Melanoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300368. [PMID: 38237100 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Somatic chromosomal alterations, particularly monosomy 3 and 8q gains, have been associated with metastatic risk in uveal melanoma (UM). Whole genome-scale evaluation of detectable alterations in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in UM could provide valuable prognostic information. Our pilot study evaluates the correlation between genomic information using ultra-low-pass whole-genome sequencing (ULP-WGS) of cfDNA in UM and associated clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS ULP-WGS of cfDNA was performed on 29 plasma samples from 16 patients, 14 metastatic UM (mUM) and two non-metastatic, including pre- and post-treatment mUM samples from 10 patients treated with immunotherapy and one with liver-directed therapy. We estimated tumor fraction (TFx) and detected copy-number alterations (CNAs) using ichorCNA. Presence of 8q amplification was further analyzed using the likelihood ratio test (LRT). RESULTS Eleven patients with mUM (17 samples) of 14 had detectable circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). 8q gain was detected in all 17, whereas monosomy 3 was detectable in 10 of 17 samples. TFx generally correlated with disease status, showing an increase at the time of disease progression (PD). 8q gain detection sensitivity appeared greater with the LRT than with ichorCNA at lower TFxs. The only patient with mUM with partial response on treatment had a high pretreatment TFx and undetectable on-treatment ctDNA, correlating with her profound response and durable survival. CONCLUSION ctDNA can be detected in mUM using ULP-WGS, and the TFx correlates with DS. 8q gain was consistently detectable in mUM, in line with previous studies indicating 8q gains early in primary UM and higher amplification with PD. Our work suggests that detection of CNAs by ULP-WGS, particularly focusing on 8q gain, could be a valuable blood biomarker to monitor PD in UM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Sato
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | - Kamaneh Montazeri
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evangelos S Gragoudas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anne Marie Lane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Genevieve M Boland
- Department of Surgery MD, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eric Banks
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Aleigha Lawless
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ivana K Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Parsons HA, Blewett T, Chu X, Sridhar S, Santos K, Xiong K, Abramson VG, Patel A, Cheng J, Brufsky A, Rhoades J, Force J, Liu R, Traina TA, Carey LA, Rimawi MF, Miller KD, Stearns V, Specht J, Falkson C, Burstein HJ, Wolff AC, Winer EP, Tayob N, Krop IE, Makrigiorgos GM, Golub TR, Mayer EL, Adalsteinsson VA. Circulating tumor DNA association with residual cancer burden after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer in TBCRC 030. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:899-906. [PMID: 37597579 PMCID: PMC10898256 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and its association with residual cancer burden (RCB) using an ultrasensitive assay in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified responders (RCB 0/1) and matched non-responders (RCB 2/3) from the phase II TBCRC 030 prospective study of neoadjuvant paclitaxel versus cisplatin in TNBC. We collected plasma samples at baseline, 3 weeks and 12 weeks (end of therapy). We created personalized ctDNA assays utilizing MAESTRO mutation enrichment sequencing. We explored associations between ctDNA and RCB status and disease recurrence. RESULTS Of 139 patients, 68 had complete samples and no additional neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty-two were responders and 19 of those had sufficient tissue for whole-genome sequencing. We identified an additional 19 non-responders for a matched case-control analysis of 38 patients using a MAESTRO ctDNA assay tracking 319-1000 variants (median 1000 variants) to 114 plasma samples from 3 timepoints. Overall, ctDNA positivity was 100% at baseline, 79% at week 3 and 55% at week 12. Median tumor fraction (TFx) was 3.7 × 10-4 (range 7.9 × 10-7-4.9 × 10-1). TFx decreased 285-fold from baseline to week 3 in responders and 24-fold in non-responders. Week 12 ctDNA clearance correlated with RCB: clearance was observed in 10 of 11 patients with RCB 0, 3 of 8 with RCB 1, 4 of 15 with RCB 2 and 0 of 4 with RCB 3. Among six patients with known recurrence, five had persistent ctDNA at week 12. CONCLUSIONS Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for TNBC reduced ctDNA TFx by 285-fold in responders and 24-fold in non-responders. In 58% (22/38) of patients, ctDNA TFx dropped below the detection level of a commercially available test, emphasizing the need for sensitive tests. Additional studies will determine whether ctDNA-guided approaches can improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A Parsons
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston; Harvard Medical School, Boston.
| | - T Blewett
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - X Chu
- Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - S Sridhar
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - K Santos
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - K Xiong
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge
| | | | - A Patel
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - J Cheng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - A Brufsky
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh
| | - J Rhoades
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge
| | | | - R Liu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - T A Traina
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - L A Carey
- The University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill
| | - M F Rimawi
- Baylor College of Medicine Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston
| | - K D Miller
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis
| | - V Stearns
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore
| | - J Specht
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle
| | - C Falkson
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - H J Burstein
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston; Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - A C Wolff
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore
| | - E P Winer
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston; Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - N Tayob
- Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - I E Krop
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston; Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | - T R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - E L Mayer
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston; Harvard Medical School, Boston.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bae JH, Liu R, Roberts E, Nguyen E, Tabrizi S, Rhoades J, Blewett T, Xiong K, Gydush G, Shea D, An Z, Patel S, Cheng J, Sridhar S, Liu MH, Lassen E, Skytte AB, Grońska-Pęski M, Shoag JE, Evrony GD, Parsons HA, Mayer EL, Makrigiorgos GM, Golub TR, Adalsteinsson VA. Single duplex DNA sequencing with CODEC detects mutations with high sensitivity. Nat Genet 2023; 55:871-879. [PMID: 37106072 PMCID: PMC10181940 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Detecting mutations from single DNA molecules is crucial in many fields but challenging. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) affords tremendous throughput but cannot directly sequence double-stranded DNA molecules ('single duplexes') to discern the true mutations on both strands. Here we present Concatenating Original Duplex for Error Correction (CODEC), which confers single duplex resolution to NGS. CODEC affords 1,000-fold higher accuracy than NGS, using up to 100-fold fewer reads than duplex sequencing. CODEC revealed mutation frequencies of 2.72 × 10-8 in sperm of a 39-year-old individual, and somatic mutations acquired with age in blood cells. CODEC detected genome-wide, clonal hematopoiesis mutations from single DNA molecules, single mutated duplexes from tumor genomes and liquid biopsies, microsatellite instability with 10-fold greater sensitivity and mutational signatures, and specific tumor mutations with up to 100-fold fewer reads. CODEC enables more precise genetic testing and reveals biologically significant mutations, which are commonly obscured by NGS errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin H Bae
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruolin Liu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Erica Nguyen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shervin Tabrizi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Kan Xiong
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Douglas Shea
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhenyi An
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sahil Patel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ju Cheng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Mei Hong Liu
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Marta Grońska-Pęski
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan E Shoag
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gilad D Evrony
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tabrizi S, Martin-Alonso C, Xiong K, Blewett T, Sridhar S, An Z, Patel S, Rodriguez-Aponte S, Naranjo C, Shea D, Golub T, Bhatia SN, Adalsteinsson VA, Love JC. Abstract 3371: A DNA-binding priming agent protects cell-free DNA and improves the sensitivity of liquid biopsies. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Liquid biopsies using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) enable non-invasive detection and characterization of disease. Advances in sequencing methods have significantly improved the performance of liquid biopsies. Yet, despite these advances, sensitivity remains a fundamental challenge. In oncology, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) screening tests only detect 20-40% of stage I tumors and tests for minimal residual disease have only 25-50% sensitivity after surgery. The major barrier to better sensitivity is the intrinsic low level of ctDNA in plasma. Physical absence of tumor DNA molecules in a blood draw from a patient with low disease burden will result in a negative test, no matter the sensitivity of the ex vivo detection platform. To overcome this barrier, here we report a first-in-class intravenous DNA-binding priming agent that is given 2 hours prior to a blood draw to recover more ctDNA, boosting the detection of tumor mutations in plasma by 19-fold and increasing sensitivity from 6% to 84%. Given the rapid clearance of cfDNA from circulation, we reasoned that a priming agent that could bind and protect cfDNA from clearance could increase the tumor DNA recovered from plasma. We selected monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as the class of molecules to use as cfDNA protectors given their persistence in circulation and ease of engineering. We identify a mAb that binds double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and find on electrophoretic mobility shift assays that it binds both free and histone-bound dsDNA, the constituent components of cfDNA. We then demonstrate that this mAb can delay the clearance of dsDNA from plasma in vivo through co-injection of the mAb with free- and histone-bound dsDNA in mice. We further identify interactions with Fc-gamma-receptors as a key mediator of early clearance of dsDNA bound to the priming mAb. To address this early clearance and limit potential immune interactions, we engineer the mAb to abrogate its Fc effector function. The engineered variant decreases clearance of injected dsDNA by over 150-fold at one hour post-injection compared to dsDNA alone. We next evaluate the effect of our priming mAb on cancer detection. We use a targeted panel against 1,822 mutations in the MC26 murine colon carcinoma cell line to detect tumor mutations in the plasma of tumor bearing mice. The priming mAb results in 19-fold higher recovery of tumor DNA molecules compared to a control mAb. This improved recovery leads to detection of 77% of targeted sites in plasma compared to only 15% in the control group. In sensitivity analyses, higher recovery of mutant molecules improves sensitivity for cancer detection from 6% to 84% at 0.001% tumor fraction. In summary, we demonstrate an approach to overcome a key barrier in liquid biopsies. We envision that similar to contrast agents in clinical imaging, priming agents could significantly boost the diagnostic sensitivity of liquid biopsies and enable further applications across biomedicine.
Citation Format: Shervin Tabrizi, Carmen Martin-Alonso, Kan Xiong, Timothy Blewett, Sainetra Sridhar, Zhenyi An, Sahil Patel, Sergio Rodriguez-Aponte, Christopher Naranjo, Douglas Shea, Todd Golub, Sangeeta N. Bhatia, Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, J. Christopher Love. A DNA-binding priming agent protects cell-free DNA and improves the sensitivity of liquid biopsies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3371.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Tabrizi
- 1Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sahil Patel
- 1Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Parsons HA, Blewett T, Chu X, Sridhar S, Santos K, Xiong K, Abramson VG, Patel A, Cheng J, Brufsky A, Rhoades J, Force J, Liu R, Traina TA, Carey LA, Rimawi MF, Miller KD, Stearns V, Specht J, Falkson C, Burstein HJ, Wolff AC, Winer EP, Tayob N, Krop IE, Makrigiorgos GM, Golub TR, Mayer EL, Adalsteinsson VA. Circulating tumor DNA association with residual cancer burden after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer in TBCRC 030. medRxiv 2023:2023.03.06.23286772. [PMID: 36945501 PMCID: PMC10029037 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.23286772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To examine circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and its association with residual cancer burden (RCB) using an ultrasensitive assay in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAT). Patients and Methods We identified responders (RCB-0/1) and matched non-responders (RCB-2/3) from the phase II TBCRC 030 prospective study of neoadjuvant paclitaxel vs. cisplatin in TNBC. We collected plasma samples at baseline, three weeks, and twelve weeks (end of therapy). We created personalized ctDNA assays utilizing MAESTRO mutation enrichment sequencing. We explored associations between ctDNA and RCB status and disease recurrence. Results Of 139 patients, 68 had complete samples and no additional NAT. Twenty-two were responders and 19 of those had sufficient tissue for whole-genome sequencing. We identified an additional 19 non-responders for a matched case-control analysis of 38 patients using a MAESTRO ctDNA assay tracking 319-1000 variants (median 1000) to 114 plasma samples from 3 timepoints. Overall, ctDNA positivity was 100% at baseline, 79% at week 3, and 55% at week 12. Median tumor fraction (TFx) was 3.7 × 10 -4 (range: 7.9 × 10 -7 to 4.9 × 10 -1 ). TFx decreased 285-fold from baseline to week 3 in responders and 24-fold in non-responders. Week 12 ctDNA clearance correlated with RCB: clearance was observed in 10/11 patients with RCB-0, 3/8 with RCB-1, 4/15 with RCB-2, and 0/4 with RCB-3. Among 6 patients with known recurrence five had persistent ctDNA at week 12. Conclusion NAT for TNBC reduced ctDNA TFx by 285-fold in responders and 24-fold in non-responders. In 58% (22/38) of patients, ctDNA TFx dropped below the detection level of a commercially available test, emphasizing the need for sensitive tests. Additional studies will determine if ctDNA-guided approaches can improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Parsons
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Xiangying Chu
- Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Katheryn Santos
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kan Xiong
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ashka Patel
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ju Cheng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Brufsky
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Ruolin Liu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lisa A. Carey
- The University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mothaffar F. Rimawi
- Baylor College of Medicine Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathy D. Miller
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Birmingham, AB, USA
| | - Vered Stearns
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Carla Falkson
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Harold J. Burstein
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio C. Wolff
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric P. Winer
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nabihah Tayob
- Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian E. Krop
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Erica L. Mayer
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Martin-Alonso C, Tabrizi S, Xiong K, Blewett T, Patel S, An Z, Sridhar S, Bekdemir A, Shea D, Amini AP, Wang ST, Kirkpatrick J, Rhoades J, Golub TR, Love JC, Adalsteinsson VA, Bhatia SN. A nanoparticle priming agent reduces cellular uptake of cell-free DNA and enhances the sensitivity of liquid biopsies. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.13.524003. [PMID: 36711603 PMCID: PMC9882213 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.524003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies are enabling minimally invasive monitoring and molecular profiling of diseases across medicine, but their sensitivity remains limited by the scarcity of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood. Here, we report an intravenous priming agent that is given prior to a blood draw to increase the abundance of cfDNA in circulation. Our priming agent consists of nanoparticles that act on the cells responsible for cfDNA clearance to slow down cfDNA uptake. In tumor-bearing mice, this agent increases the recovery of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) by up to 60-fold and improves the sensitivity of a ctDNA diagnostic assay from 0% to 75% at low tumor burden. We envision that this priming approach will significantly improve the performance of liquid biopsies across a wide range of clinical applications in oncology and beyond.
Collapse
|
13
|
Doebley AL, Ko M, Liao H, Cruikshank AE, Santos K, Kikawa C, Hiatt JB, Patton RD, De Sarkar N, Collier KA, Hoge ACH, Chen K, Zimmer A, Weber ZT, Adil M, Reichel JB, Polak P, Adalsteinsson VA, Nelson PS, MacPherson D, Parsons HA, Stover DG, Ha G. A framework for clinical cancer subtyping from nucleosome profiling of cell-free DNA. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7475. [PMID: 36463275 PMCID: PMC9719521 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has the potential to inform tumor subtype classification and help guide clinical precision oncology. Here we develop Griffin, a framework for profiling nucleosome protection and accessibility from cfDNA to study the phenotype of tumors using as low as 0.1x coverage whole genome sequencing data. Griffin employs a GC correction procedure tailored to variable cfDNA fragment sizes, which generates a better representation of chromatin accessibility and improves the accuracy of cancer detection and tumor subtype classification. We demonstrate estrogen receptor subtyping from cfDNA in metastatic breast cancer. We predict estrogen receptor subtype in 139 patients with at least 5% detectable circulating tumor DNA with an area under the receive operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.89 and validate performance in independent cohorts (AUC = 0.96). In summary, Griffin is a framework for accurate tumor subtyping and can be generalizable to other cancer types for precision oncology applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Doebley
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Minjeong Ko
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hanna Liao
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Eden Cruikshank
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Caroline Kikawa
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph B Hiatt
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert D Patton
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Navonil De Sarkar
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Anna C H Hoge
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katharine Chen
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anat Zimmer
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zachary T Weber
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed Adil
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan B Reichel
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paz Polak
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David MacPherson
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Daniel G Stover
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Darbeheshti F, Yu F, Ahmed F, Adalsteinsson VA, Makrigiorgos GM. Recent Developments in Mutation Enrichment and Detection Technologies. Clin Chem 2022; 68:1250-1260. [PMID: 35716101 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presence of excess unaltered, wild-type DNA (wtDNA) providing information of little clinical value may often mask low-level mutations containing important diagnostic or therapeutic clues. This is a recurring hurdle in biotechnology and medicine, including cancer, prenatal diagnosis, infectious diseases, and organ transplantation. Mutation enrichment techniques that allow reduction of unwanted DNA to enable the detection of low-level mutations have emerged since the early 1990s. They are continuously being refined and updated with new technologies. The burgeoning interest in liquid biopsies for residual cancer monitoring, detection of resistance to therapy, and early cancer detection has driven an expanded interest in new and improved methodologies for practical and effective mutation enrichment and detection of low-level mutations of clinical relevance. CONTENT Newly developed mutation enrichment technologies are described and grouped according to the main principle of operation, PCR-blocking technologies, enzymatic methods, and physicochemical approaches. Special emphasis is given to technologies enabling pre-PCR blockage of wtDNA to bypass PCR errors [nuclease-assisted minor-allele enrichment assay with overlapping probes (NaME-PrO) and UV-mediated cross-linking minor allele enrichment (UVME)] or providing high multiplexity followed by next-generation sequencing [Minor allele enriched sequencing through recognition oligonucleotides (MAESTRO)]. SUMMARY This review summarizes technological developments in rare mutation enrichment over the last 12 years, complementing pre-2010 reviews on this topic. The expanding field of liquid biopsy calls for improved limits of detection (LOD) and highly parallel applications, along with the traditional requirements for accuracy, speed, and cost-effectiveness. The current technologies are reviewed with regards to these new requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Darbeheshti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fangyan Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Farzana Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - G Mike Makrigiorgos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stover EH, Oh C, Keskula P, Choudhury AD, Tseng YY, Adalsteinsson VA, Lohr JG, Thorner AR, Ducar M, Kryukov GV, Ha G, Rosenberg M, Freeman SS, Zhang Z, Wu X, Van Allen EM, Takeda DY, Loda M, Wu CL, Taplin ME, Garraway LA, Boehm JS, Huang FW. Implementation of a prostate cancer-specific targeted sequencing panel for credentialing of patient-derived cell lines and genomic characterization of patient samples. Prostate 2022; 82:584-597. [PMID: 35084050 PMCID: PMC8887817 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary and metastatic prostate cancers have low mutation rates and recurrent alterations in a small set of genes, enabling targeted sequencing of prostate cancer-associated genes as an efficient approach to characterizing patient samples (compared to whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing). For example, targeted sequencing provides a flexible, rapid, and cost-effective method for genomic assessment of patient-derived cell lines to evaluate fidelity to initial patient tumor samples. METHODS We developed a prostate cancer-specific targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel to detect alterations in 62 prostate cancer-associated genes as well as recurring gene fusions with ETS family members, representing the majority of common alterations in prostate cancer. We tested this panel on primary prostate cancer tissues and blood biopsies from patients with metastatic prostate cancer. We generated patient-derived cell lines from primary prostate cancers using conditional reprogramming methods and applied targeted sequencing to evaluate the fidelity of these cell lines to the original patient tumors. RESULTS The prostate cancer-specific panel identified biologically and clinically relevant alterations, including point mutations in driver oncogenes and ETS family fusion genes, in tumor tissues from 29 radical prostatectomy samples. The targeted panel also identified genomic alterations in cell-free DNA and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients with metastatic prostate cancer, and in standard prostate cancer cell lines. We used the targeted panel to sequence our set of patient-derived cell lines; however, no prostate cancer-specific mutations were identified in the tumor-derived cell lines, suggesting preferential outgrowth of normal prostate epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS We evaluated a prostate cancer-specific targeted NGS panel to detect common and clinically relevant alterations (including ETS family gene fusions) in prostate cancer. The panel detected driver mutations in a diverse set of clinical samples of prostate cancer, including fresh-frozen tumors, cell-free DNA, CTCs, and cell lines. Targeted sequencing of patient-derived cell lines highlights the challenge of deriving cell lines from primary prostate cancers and the importance of genomic characterization to credential candidate cell lines. Our study supports that a prostate cancer-specific targeted sequencing panel provides an efficient, clinically feasible approach to identify genetic alterations across a spectrum of prostate cancer samples and cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H. Stover
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Coyin Oh
- Broad Institute, Cambridge MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | | | - Atish D. Choudhury
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | | | | | - Jens G. Lohr
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | | | | | - Gregory V. Kryukov
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | | | | | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester MA
| | | | - Eliezer M. Van Allen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | | | - Massimo Loda
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge MA
- New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Chin-Lee Wu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gydush G, Nguyen E, Bae JH, Blewett T, Rhoades J, Reed SC, Shea D, Xiong K, Liu R, Yu F, Leong KW, Choudhury AD, Stover DG, Tolaney SM, Krop IE, Christopher Love J, Parsons HA, Mike Makrigiorgos G, Golub TR, Adalsteinsson VA. Massively parallel enrichment of low-frequency alleles enables duplex sequencing at low depth. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:257-266. [PMID: 35301450 PMCID: PMC9089460 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to assay large numbers of low-frequency mutations is useful in biomedicine, yet, the technical hurdles of sequencing multiple mutations at extremely high depth, with accuracy, limits their detection in clinical practice. Low-frequency mutations can typically be detected by increasing the sequencing depth, however this limits the number of loci that can be probed for simultaneously. Here, we report a technique to accurately track thousands of distinct mutations with minimal reads, termed MAESTRO (minor allele enriched sequencing through recognition oligonucleotides), which employs massively-parallel mutation enrichment to enable duplex sequencing to track up to 10,000 low-frequency mutations, yet requiring up to 100-fold less sequencing. We show that MAESTRO could inform the mutation validation of whole-exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing data from tumor samples, enable chimerism testing, and is suitable for the monitoring of minimal residual disease via liquid biopsies. MAESTRO may improve the breadth, depth, accuracy, and efficiency of sequencing-based mutational testing. Massively-parallel mutation enrichment enables the tracking of up to 10,000 low-frequency mutations, via duplex sequencing, requiring up to 100-fold less sequencing depth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica Nguyen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jin H Bae
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Douglas Shea
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kan Xiong
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruolin Liu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fangyan Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ka Wai Leong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atish D Choudhury
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Stover
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sara M Tolaney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian E Krop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heather A Parsons
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Mike Makrigiorgos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pagès M, Rotem D, Gydush G, Reed S, Rhoades J, Ha G, Lo C, Fleharty M, Duran M, Jones R, Becker S, Haller M, Sinai CE, Goumnerova L, Golub TR, Love JC, Ligon KL, Wright KD, Adalsteinsson VA, Beroukhim R, Bandopadhayay P. Liquid biopsy detection of genomic alterations in pediatric brain tumors from cell-free DNA in peripheral blood, CSF, and urine. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1352-1363. [PMID: 34984433 PMCID: PMC9340641 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to identify genetic alterations in cancers is essential for precision medicine; however, surgical approaches to obtain brain tumor tissue are invasive. Profiling circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in liquid biopsies has emerged as a promising approach to avoid invasive procedures. Here, we systematically evaluated the feasibility of profiling pediatric brain tumors using ctDNA obtained from plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine. METHODS We prospectively collected 564 specimens (257 blood, 240 urine, and 67 CSF samples) from 258 patients across all histopathologies. We performed ultra-low-pass whole-genome sequencing (ULP-WGS) to assess copy number variations and estimate tumor fraction and developed a pediatric CNS tumor hybrid capture panel for deep sequencing of specific mutations and fusions. RESULTS ULP-WGS detected copy number alterations in 9/46 (20%) CSF, 3/230 (1.3%) plasma, and 0/153 urine samples. Sequencing detected alterations in 3/10 (30%) CSF, 2/74 (2.7%) plasma, and 0/2 urine samples. The only positive results were in high-grade tumors. However, most samples had insufficient somatic mutations (median 1, range 0-39) discoverable by the sequencing panel to provide sufficient power to detect tumor fractions of greater than 0.1%. CONCLUSIONS Children with brain tumors harbor very low levels of ctDNA in blood, CSF, and urine, with CSF having the most DNA detectable. Molecular profiling is feasible in a small subset of high-grade tumors. The level of clonal aberrations per genome is low in most of the tumors, posing a challenge for detection using whole-genome or even targeted sequencing methods. Substantial challenges therefore remain to genetically characterize pediatric brain tumors from liquid biopsies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Pagès
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,GHU-Paris—Sainte-Anne Hospital, Department of Neuropathology, Paris University, Paris, France,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Denisse Rotem
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory Gydush
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Reed
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin Rhoades
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Lo
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Fleharty
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madeleine Duran
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Jones
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Becker
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michaela Haller
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claire E Sinai
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liliana Goumnerova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Keith L Ligon
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen D Wright
- Karen Wright, MD, MS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA ()
| | - Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, PhD, Broad Institute, 450 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA ()
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Corresponding Authors: Rameen Beroukhim, MD, PhD, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA ()
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Pratiti Bandopadhayay, MBBS, PhD, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA ()
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Collier KA, Asad S, Tallman D, Jenison J, Rajkovic A, Mardis ER, Parsons HA, Tolaney SM, Winer EP, Lin NU, Ha G, Adalsteinsson VA, Stover DG. Association of 17q22 Amplicon Via Cell-Free DNA With Platinum Chemotherapy Response in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.21.00104. [PMID: 34849445 PMCID: PMC8624042 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether specific somatic copy-number alterations detectable in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) are associated with sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this secondary analysis of a large cohort of patients with mTNBC whose ctDNA underwent ultralow-pass whole-genome sequencing, tumor fraction and somatic copy-number alterations were derived with the ichorCNA algorithm. Seventy-two patients were identified who had received a platinum-based chemotherapy regimen in the metastatic setting. Gene-level copy-number analyses were performed with GISTIC2.0. Cytobands were associated with progression-free survival (PFS) to platinum chemotherapy using Cox proportional hazards models. The Cancer Genome Atlas and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium data sets were interrogated for frequency of significant cytobands in primary triple-negative breast cancer (pTNBC) tumors. RESULTS Among 71 evaluable patients, 17q21 and 17q22 amplifications were most strongly associated with improved PFS with platinum chemotherapy. There were no significant differences in clinicopathologic features or (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy among patients with 17q22 amplification. Patients with 17q22 amplification (n = 17) had longer median PFS with platinum (7.0 v 3.8 months; log-rank P = .015) than patients without 17q22 amplification (n = 54), an effect that remained significant in multivariable analyses (PFS hazard ratio 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.84; P = .02). Among 39 patients who received the nonplatinum chemotherapy agent capecitabine, there was no association between 17q22 amplification and capecitabine PFS (log-rank P = .69). In The Cancer Genome Atlas and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium, 17q22 amplification occurred in more than 20% of both pTNBC and mTNBC tumors, whereas 17q21 was more frequently amplified in mTNBC relative to pTNBC (16% v 8.1%, P = .015). CONCLUSION The 17q22 amplicon, detected by ctDNA, is associated with improved PFS with platinum chemotherapy in patients with mTNBC and warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Collier
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Sarah Asad
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - David Tallman
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Janet Jenison
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Andrei Rajkovic
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Heather A Parsons
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Sara M Tolaney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Eric P Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Nancy U Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Daniel G Stover
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.,Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Prakadan SM, Alvarez-Breckenridge CA, Markson SC, Kim AE, Klein RH, Nayyar N, Navia AW, Kuter BM, Kolb KE, Bihun I, Mora JL, Bertalan MS, Shaw B, White M, Kaplan A, Stocking JH, Wadsworth MH, Lee EQ, Chukwueke U, Wang N, Subramanian M, Rotem D, Cahill DP, Adalsteinsson VA, Miller JW, Sullivan RJ, Carter SL, Brastianos PK, Shalek AK. Genomic and transcriptomic correlates of immunotherapy response within the tumor microenvironment of leptomeningeal metastases. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5955. [PMID: 34642316 PMCID: PMC8511044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating complication of solid tumor malignancies, with dire prognosis and no effective systemic treatment options. Over the past decade, the incidence of LMD has steadily increased due to therapeutics that have extended the survival of cancer patients, highlighting the need for new interventions. To examine the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with LMD, we completed two phase II clinical trials. Here, we investigate the cellular and molecular features underpinning observed patient trajectories in these trials by applying single-cell RNA and cell-free DNA profiling to longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) draws from enrolled patients. We recover immune and malignant cell types in the CSF, characterize cell behavior changes following ICI, and identify genomic features associated with relevant clinical phenomena. Overall, our study describes the liquid LMD tumor microenvironment prior to and following ICI treatment and demonstrates clinical utility of cell-free and single-cell genomic measurements for LMD research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay M Prakadan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Harvard University & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, & Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A Alvarez-Breckenridge
- Broad Institute, Harvard University & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel C Markson
- Broad Institute, Harvard University & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert E Kim
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert H Klein
- Broad Institute, Harvard University & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naema Nayyar
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew W Navia
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Harvard University & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, & Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Kuter
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kellie E Kolb
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Harvard University & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, & Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ivanna Bihun
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joana L Mora
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mia Solana Bertalan
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael White
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jackson H Stocking
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc H Wadsworth
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Harvard University & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, & Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eudocia Q Lee
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ugonma Chukwueke
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy Wang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megha Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denisse Rotem
- Broad Institute, Harvard University & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Broad Institute, Harvard University & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott L Carter
- Broad Institute, Harvard University & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Division of Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Broad Institute, Harvard University & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute, Harvard University & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Ragon Institute, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, & Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Division of Health Science & Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Program in Computational & Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Francini E, Ou FS, Rhoades J, Wolfe EG, O’Connor EP, Ha G, Gydush G, Kelleher KM, Bhatt RS, Balk SP, Sweeney CJ, Adalsteinsson VA, Taplin ME, Choudhury AD. Circulating Cell-Free DNA as Biomarker of Taxane Resistance in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4055. [PMID: 34439209 PMCID: PMC8391478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no biomarkers predictive of resistance to docetaxel or cabazitaxel validated for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We assessed the association between ABCB1 amplification and primary resistance to docetaxel or cabazitaxel for patients with mCRPC, using circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Patients with ≥1 plasma sample drawn within 12 months before starting docetaxel (cohort A) or cabazitaxel (cohort B) for mCRPC were identified from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute IRB approved database. Sparse whole genome sequencing was performed on the selected cfDNA samples and tumor fractions were estimated using the computational tool ichorCNA. We evaluated the association between ABCB1 amplification or other copy number alterations and primary resistance to docetaxel or cabazitaxel. Of the selected 176 patients, 45 samples in cohort A and 21 samples in cohort B had sufficient tumor content. No significant association was found between ABCB1 amplification and primary resistance to docetaxel (p = 0.58; odds ratio (OR) = 1.49) or cabazitaxel (p = 0.97; OR = 1.06). No significant association was found between exploratory biomarkers and primary resistance to docetaxel or cabazitaxel. In this study, ABCB1 amplification did not predict primary resistance to docetaxel or cabazitaxel for mCRPC. Future studies including ABCB1 amplification in a suite of putative biomarkers and a larger cohort may aid in drawing definitive conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Francini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (E.P.O.); (G.H.); (K.M.K.); (C.J.S.); (M.-E.T.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Fang-Shu Ou
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (F.-S.O.); (E.G.W.)
| | - Justin Rhoades
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (J.R.); (G.G.); (V.A.A.)
| | - Eric G. Wolfe
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (F.-S.O.); (E.G.W.)
| | - Edward P. O’Connor
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (E.P.O.); (G.H.); (K.M.K.); (C.J.S.); (M.-E.T.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Gavin Ha
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (E.P.O.); (G.H.); (K.M.K.); (C.J.S.); (M.-E.T.); (A.D.C.)
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (J.R.); (G.G.); (V.A.A.)
| | - Gregory Gydush
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (J.R.); (G.G.); (V.A.A.)
| | - Kaitlin M. Kelleher
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (E.P.O.); (G.H.); (K.M.K.); (C.J.S.); (M.-E.T.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Rupal S. Bhatt
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (R.S.B.); (S.P.B.)
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (R.S.B.); (S.P.B.)
| | - Christopher J. Sweeney
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (E.P.O.); (G.H.); (K.M.K.); (C.J.S.); (M.-E.T.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Viktor A. Adalsteinsson
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (J.R.); (G.G.); (V.A.A.)
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (E.P.O.); (G.H.); (K.M.K.); (C.J.S.); (M.-E.T.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Atish D. Choudhury
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (E.P.O.); (G.H.); (K.M.K.); (C.J.S.); (M.-E.T.); (A.D.C.)
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (J.R.); (G.G.); (V.A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
White MD, Klein RH, Shaw B, Kim A, Subramanian M, Mora JL, Giobbie-Hurder A, Nagabhushan D, Jain A, Singh M, Kuter BM, Nayyar N, Bertalan MS, Stocking JH, Markson SC, Lastrapes M, Alvarez-Breckenridge C, Cahill DP, Gydush G, Rhoades J, Rotem D, Adalsteinsson VA, Mahar M, Kaplan A, Oh K, Sullivan RJ, Gerstner E, Carter SL, Brastianos PK. Detection of Leptomeningeal Disease Using Cell-Free DNA From Cerebrospinal Fluid. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2120040. [PMID: 34369989 PMCID: PMC8353541 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating complication of cancer that is frequently underdiagnosed owing to the low sensitivity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytologic assessment, the current benchmark diagnostic method. Improving diagnostic sensitivity may lead to improved treatment decisions. Objective To assess whether cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis of CSF may be used to diagnose LMD more accurately than cytologic analysis. Design, Setting, and Participants This diagnostic study conducted in a neuro-oncology clinic at 2 large, tertiary medical centers assessed the use of genomic sequencing of CSF samples obtained from 30 patients with suspected or confirmed LMD from 2015 through 2018 to identify tumor-derived cfDNA. From the same CSF samples, cytologic analyses were conducted, and the results of the 2 tests were compared. This study consisted of 2 patient populations: 22 patients with cytologically confirmed LMD without parenchymal tumors abutting their CSF and 8 patients with parenchymal brain metastases with no evidence of LMD. Patients were considered positive for the presence of LMD if previous CSF cytologic analysis was positive for malignant cells. The analysis was conducted from 2015 to 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of cfDNA analysis, defined as the number of tests that resulted in correct diagnoses out of the total number of tests assayed. Hypotheses were formed before data collection. Results In total, 30 patients (23 women [77%]; median age, 51 years [range, 28-81 years]), primarily presenting with metastatic solid malignant neoplasms, participated in this study. For 48 follow-up samples from patients previously diagnosed via cytologic analysis as having LMD with no parenchymal tumor abutting CSF, cfDNA findings were accurate in the assessment of LMD in 45 samples (94%; 95% CI, 83%-99%), whereas cytologic analysis was accurate in 36 samples (75%; 95% CI, 60%-86%), a significant difference (P = .02). Of 43 LMD-positive samples, CSF cfDNA analysis was sensitive to LMD in 40 samples (93%; 95% CI, 81%-99%), and cytologic analysis was sensitive to LMD in 31 samples (72%; 95% CI, 56%-85%), a significant difference (P = .02). For 3 patients with parenchymal brain metastases abutting the CSF and no suspicion of LMD, cytologic findings were negative for LMD in all 3 patients, whereas cfDNA findings were positive in all 3 patients. Conclusions and Relevance This diagnostic study found improved sensitivity and accuracy of cfDNA CSF testing vs cytologic assessment for diagnosing LMD with the exception of parenchymal tumors abutting CSF, suggesting improved ability to diagnosis LMD. Consideration of incorporating CSF cfDNA analysis into clinical care is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. White
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Division of Comprehensive Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Robert H. Klein
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert Kim
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Megha Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joana L. Mora
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deepika Nagabhushan
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aarushi Jain
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohini Singh
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin M. Kuter
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naema Nayyar
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mia S. Bertalan
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Jackson H. Stocking
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Samuel C. Markson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Lastrapes
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
| | - Christopher Alvarez-Breckenridge
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Daniel P. Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Gregory Gydush
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin Rhoades
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Denisse Rotem
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Tessera Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Maura Mahar
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Alexander Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin Oh
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Ryan J. Sullivan
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Gerstner
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott L. Carter
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priscilla K. Brastianos
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Doebley AL, Liao H, Kikawa C, Cruikshank E, Ko M, Hoge A, Hiatt J, De Sarkar N, Adalsteinsson VA, Polak P, MacPherson D, Nelson PS, Parsons HA, Stover D, Ha G. Abstract LB022: Griffin: A method for nucleosome profiling and breast cancer subtype prediction from ultra-low pass whole genome sequencing of cell-free DNA. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-lb022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is released from dying cells, including tumor cells, and can be isolated from peripheral blood for studying cancer. In the bloodstream, cfDNA is protected from degradation by nucleosomes and other DNA binding proteins, leading to a coverage pattern that reflects the genomic organization in the cells-of-origin. Recent work has shown that it is possible to use this pattern to predict gene and transcription factor activity in cancer cells. This is known as nucleosome profiling.
Breast cancer is among the most common causes of cancer, accounting for 23% of cancer diagnoses and 14% of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Targeted therapy is guided by tumor subtype, including the expression of three key receptors: ER, PR and HER2. Typically, subtyping involves a tumor biopsy and immunohistochemistry. However, in late-stage cancer, surgical biopsies for disease monitoring are difficult to obtain. Accurate subtype determination is critical to address hormone subtype switches during metastasis or treatment resistance. cfDNA offers an alternative, non-invasive method for identifying tumor subtypes through nucleosome profiling and, to the best of our knowledge, has not been shown for breast cancer.
Methods: We developed a method, called Griffin, to examine nucleosome protection and genome accessibility by quantifying cfDNA fragments around accessible sites. Unlike previous methods, Griffin uses fragment length-based GC correction to remove GC biases that obscure signals. We used ATAC-seq data from TCGA to identify differentially accessible sites between ER positive and negative breast cancers. We developed a machine learning classifier that predicts ER subtype based upon the signals at these differentially accessible sites.
Results: We then tested Griffin by examining differentially accessible sites in ultra-low pass sequencing (ULP-WGS, 0.1X) of several hundred cfDNA samples from patients with ER positive or negative breast cancer. We found that overall, differential sites were more accessible in the cfDNA of their respective subtypes. Additionally, we found that site accessibility within patient cfDNA samples was correlated to the cfDNA tumor fraction. We built and tested a prediction model with cross-validation, which revealed an accuracy of >80% for correctly classifying tumor status as ER positive or negative from this ULP-WGS dataset.
Conclusion: This study has several novel aspects compared to prior nucleosome profiling approaches. First, we use fragment-based GC correction which reduces sample variability and allows us to observe previously obscured signals. Second, we demonstrated that signals are correlated to tumor fraction. And finally, we applied this method to cost-effective and scalable ULP-WGS of breast cancer and demonstrated the ability to predict breast cancer ER subtype in these samples.
Citation Format: Anna-Lisa Doebley, Hanna Liao, Caroline Kikawa, Eden Cruikshank, Minjeong Ko, Anna Hoge, Joseph Hiatt, Navonil De Sarkar, Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Paz Polak, David MacPherson, Peter S. Nelson, Heather A. Parsons, Daniel Stover, Gavin Ha. Griffin: A method for nucleosome profiling and breast cancer subtype prediction from ultra-low pass whole genome sequencing of cell-free DNA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Liao
- 1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Minjeong Ko
- 1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Anna Hoge
- 1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Joseph Hiatt
- 1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Paz Polak
- 4Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Stover
- 6The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Gavin Ha
- 1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Weber ZT, Collier KA, Tallman D, Forman J, Shukla S, Asad S, Rhoades J, Freeman S, Parsons HA, Williams NO, Barroso-Sousa R, Stover EH, Mahdi H, Cibulskis C, Lennon NJ, Ha G, Adalsteinsson VA, Tolaney SM, Stover DG. Modeling clonal structure over narrow time frames via circulating tumor DNA in metastatic breast cancer. Genome Med 2021; 13:89. [PMID: 34016182 PMCID: PMC8136103 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers minimally invasive means to repeatedly interrogate tumor genomes, providing opportunities to monitor clonal dynamics induced by metastasis and therapeutic selective pressures. In metastatic cancers, ctDNA profiling allows for simultaneous analysis of both local and distant sites of recurrence. Despite the promise of ctDNA sampling, its utility in real-time genetic monitoring remains largely unexplored. METHODS In this exploratory analysis, we characterize high-frequency ctDNA sample series collected over narrow time frames from seven patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, each undergoing treatment with Cabozantinib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (NCT01738438, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01738438 ). Applying orthogonal whole exome sequencing, ultra-low pass whole genome sequencing, and 396-gene targeted panel sequencing, we analyzed 42 plasma-derived ctDNA libraries, representing 4-8 samples per patient with 6-42 days between samples. Integrating tumor fraction, copy number, and somatic variant information, we model tumor clonal dynamics, predict neoantigens, and evaluate consistency of genomic information from orthogonal assays. RESULTS We measured considerable variation in ctDNA tumor faction in each patient, often conflicting with RECIST imaging response metrics. In orthogonal sequencing, we found high concordance between targeted panel and whole exome sequencing in both variant detection and variant allele frequency estimation (specificity = 95.5%, VAF correlation, r = 0.949), Copy number remained generally stable, despite resolution limitations posed by low tumor fraction. Through modeling, we inferred and tracked distinct clonal populations specific to each patient and built phylogenetic trees revealing alterations in hallmark breast cancer drivers, including TP53, PIK3CA, CDK4, and PTEN. Our modeling revealed varied responses to therapy, with some individuals displaying stable clonal profiles, while others showed signs of substantial expansion or reduction in prevalence, with characteristic alterations of varied literature annotation in relation to the study drug. Finally, we predicted and tracked neoantigen-producing alterations across time, exposing translationally relevant detection patterns. CONCLUSIONS Despite technical challenges arising from low tumor content, metastatic ctDNA monitoring can aid our understanding of response and progression, while minimizing patient risk and discomfort. In this study, we demonstrate the potential for high-frequency monitoring of evolving genomic features, providing an important step toward scalable, translational genomics for clinical decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Weber
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Katharine A Collier
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David Tallman
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Juliet Forman
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02412, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sachet Shukla
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02412, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sarah Asad
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Justin Rhoades
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02412, USA
| | - Samuel Freeman
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02412, USA
| | - Heather A Parsons
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nicole O Williams
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth H Stover
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02412, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Haider Mahdi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Surgery, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Carrie Cibulskis
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02412, USA
| | - Niall J Lennon
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02412, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | - Sara M Tolaney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Daniel G Stover
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Biomedical Research Tower, Room 984, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yu F, Leong KW, Makrigiorgos A, Adalsteinsson VA, Ladas I, Ng K, Mamon H, Makrigiorgos GM. NGS-based identification and tracing of microsatellite instability from minute amounts DNA using inter-Alu-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:e24. [PMID: 33290560 PMCID: PMC7913684 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive detection of microsatellite instability (MSI) in tissue or liquid biopsies using next generation sequencing (NGS) has growing prognostic and predictive applications in cancer. However, the complexities of NGS make it cumbersome as compared to established multiplex-PCR detection of MSI. We present a new approach to detect MSI using inter-Alu-PCR followed by targeted NGS, that combines the practical advantages of multiplexed-PCR with the breadth of information provided by NGS. Inter-Alu-PCR employs poly-adenine repeats of variable length present in every Alu element and provides a massively-parallel, rapid approach to capture poly-A-rich genomic fractions within short 80–150bp amplicons generated from adjacent Alu-sequences. A custom-made software analysis tool, MSI-tracer, enables Alu-associated MSI detection from tissue biopsies or MSI-tracing at low-levels in circulating-DNA. MSI-associated indels at somatic-indel frequencies of 0.05–1.5% can be detected depending on the availability of matching normal tissue and the extent of instability. Due to the high Alu copy-number in human genomes, a single inter-Alu-PCR retrieves enough information for identification of MSI-associated-indels from ∼100 pg circulating-DNA, reducing current limits by ∼2-orders of magnitude and equivalent to circulating-DNA obtained from finger-sticks. The combined practical and informational advantages of inter-Alu-PCR make it a powerful tool for identifying tissue-MSI-status or tracing MSI-associated-indels in liquid biopsies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyan Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ka Wai Leong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Makrigiorgos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ioannis Ladas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medicine School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harvey Mamon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Mike Makrigiorgos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stover DG, Collier KA, Tallman D, Forman J, Shukla S, Asad S, Rhoades J, Freeman S, Cherian M, Sardesai S, Barroso-Sousa R, Cibulskis C, Lennon N, Ha G, Tolaney SM, Adalsteinsson VA, Weber Z. Abstract PD9-08: Modeling clonal structure over narrow time frames via circulating tumor DNA in metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs20-pd9-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers the ability to repeatedly interrogate tumor genomic information, providing an opportunity for real-time monitoring of tumor genomic dynamics. In this study, we deeply analyzed multiple ctDNA samples collected over narrow time frames (days-to-weeks) from seven patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC), a cancer type known to have high ctDNA content. Methods: Patients with mTNBC were enrolled in a clinical trial of multi-kinase inhibitor cabozantinib, providing uniform and targeted treatment, and samples were collected day 1, day 8, then every 21 to 42 days on study. ctDNA was extracted from each plasma sample and underwent ultra-low pass whole genome sequencing (ULP-WGS; average depth 0.1x; n=42 samples), deep targeted panel sequencing (TPS) of 402 cancer-related genes with unique molecular identifier indexing (depth 10,000x; n=42 samples), and samples with tumor fraction (TFx) >10% underwent whole exome sequencing (WES; depth 200x; n=31 samples), with whole blood germline sequencing of both TPS and WES for subsequent analyses. Somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) were identified from ULP-WGS and WES. PyClone with TPS was employed for clonal dynamic analyses. Predicted neoantigens were determined from WES using HLAthena. Results: A total of 42 total plasma samples from 7 patients (range 4-8 samples per patient) were collected at narrow time intervals, median 21 days (range 6 to 42 days) between samples. The median TFx across all samples was 18.1% (range 2.5% to 44.3%). TFx estimates were concordant when comparing orthogonal sequencing approaches (ULP-WGS, WES) and tumor fraction estimation algorithms (ichorCNA, FACETS). Despite all seven patients having ‘stable disease’ as best objective response, TFx dynamics were widely variable with TFx declining to lower limit of detection in three of seven patients. Of all samples, 31/42 (73.8%) had tumor fraction >10% and underwent WES; each patient had at least 3 samples that underwent both WES and TPS. There was strong agreement between TPS and WES: across all 31 shared samples, mutation recall in TPS versus WES (gold standard) was 95.5%. Variant allele frequency across all mutations detected in both TPS and WES was highly concordant (Pearson’s r=0.949). Clonal mutations were consistently detected across multiple samples within patients. When comparing genome-wide copy number from last to first available sample within each patient, copy number log ratios were largely stable within patients (union Pearson’s r=0.924) and there were not recurrent shifts in SCNAs across patients. Through statistical modeling of TPS data, we tracked distinct clonal populations for each patient over their sampling windows. Modeled clonal architecture in most patients revealed stable, polyclonal profiles, with important breast cancer driver alterations (e.g. TP53 and PIK3CA) recurrently presenting at high prevalence. Infrequently, we also detected emergence and expansion of clones over narrow time frames (weeks) containing acquired alterations poorly annotated in the breast cancer literature. We successfully predicted neoantigens from ctDNA WES at multiple time points in each patient, with evidence that patients acquired new mutations predicted to be ‘strong binder’ neoantigens over time on therapy. Conclusions: Analysis of serial ctDNA samples collected at narrow time intervals (days-to-weeks) provides unique insight into the dynamics of ctDNA. We demonstrate strong concordance across ctDNA sequencing appraoches. Evolving genomic features of tumor populations can be identified via ctDNA while on treatment, potentially providing real time insight for clinical decision-making.
Citation Format: Daniel G Stover, Katharine A Collier, David Tallman, Juliet Forman, Sachet Shukla, Sarah Asad, Justin Rhoades, Samuel Freeman, Mathew Cherian, Sagar Sardesai, Romualdo Barroso-Sousa, Carrie Cibulskis, Niall Lennon, Gavin Ha, Sara M Tolaney, Viktor A Adalsteinsson, Zachary Weber. Modeling clonal structure over narrow time frames via circulating tumor DNA in metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD9-08.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Stover
- 1Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - David Tallman
- 1Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Sarah Asad
- 1Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Mathew Cherian
- 1Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Sagar Sardesai
- 1Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Niall Lennon
- 2Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Gavin Ha
- 4Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Zachary Weber
- 1Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Parsons HA, Rhoades J, Reed SC, Gydush G, Ram P, Exman P, Xiong K, Lo CC, Li T, Fleharty M, Kirkner GJ, Rotem D, Cohen O, Yu F, Fitarelli-Kiehl M, Leong KW, Hughes ME, Rosenberg SM, Collins LC, Miller KD, Blumenstiel B, Trippa L, Cibulskis C, Neuberg DS, DeFelice M, Freeman SS, Lennon NJ, Wagle N, Ha G, Stover DG, Choudhury AD, Getz G, Winer EP, Meyerson M, Lin NU, Krop I, Love JC, Makrigiorgos GM, Partridge AH, Mayer EL, Golub TR, Adalsteinsson VA. Sensitive Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Patients Treated for Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2556-2564. [PMID: 32170028 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Existing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methods lack the sensitivity needed for detecting minimal residual disease (MRD) following therapy. We developed a test for tracking hundreds of patient-specific mutations to detect MRD with a 1,000-fold lower error rate than conventional sequencing. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We compared the sensitivity of our approach to digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) in a dilution series, then retrospectively identified two cohorts of patients who had undergone prospective plasma sampling and clinical data collection: 16 patients with ER+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC) sampled within 6 months following metastatic diagnosis and 142 patients with stage 0 to III breast cancer who received curative-intent treatment with most sampled at surgery and 1 year postoperative. We performed whole-exome sequencing of tumors and designed individualized MRD tests, which we applied to serial cfDNA samples. RESULTS Our approach was 100-fold more sensitive than ddPCR when tracking 488 mutations, but most patients had fewer identifiable tumor mutations to track in cfDNA (median = 57; range = 2-346). Clinical sensitivity was 81% (n = 13/16) in newly diagnosed MBC, 23% (n = 7/30) at postoperative and 19% (n = 6/32) at 1 year in early-stage disease, and highest in patients with the most tumor mutations available to track. MRD detection at 1 year was strongly associated with distant recurrence [HR = 20.8; 95% confidence interval, 7.3-58.9]. Median lead time from first positive sample to recurrence was 18.9 months (range = 3.4-39.2 months). CONCLUSIONS Tracking large numbers of individualized tumor mutations in cfDNA can improve MRD detection, but its sensitivity is driven by the number of tumor mutations available to track.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Parsons
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Justin Rhoades
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah C Reed
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory Gydush
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Priyanka Ram
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pedro Exman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kan Xiong
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher C Lo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tianyu Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Fleharty
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory J Kirkner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Denisse Rotem
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ofir Cohen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Fangyan Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts
| | - Mariana Fitarelli-Kiehl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts
| | - Ka Wai Leong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa E Hughes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shoshana M Rosenberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathy D Miller
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Lorenzo Trippa
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Donna S Neuberg
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Niall J Lennon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nikhil Wagle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gavin Ha
- Division of Public Health Services, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel G Stover
- Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Atish D Choudhury
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Eric P Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy U Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ian Krop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Christopher Love
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - G Mike Makrigiorgos
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts
| | - Ann H Partridge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica L Mayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. .,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Waks AG, Cohen O, Kochupurakkal B, Kim D, Dunn CE, Buendia Buendia J, Wander S, Helvie K, Lloyd MR, Marini L, Hughes ME, Freeman SS, Ivy SP, Geradts J, Isakoff S, LoRusso P, Adalsteinsson VA, Tolaney SM, Matulonis U, Krop IE, D'Andrea AD, Winer EP, Lin NU, Shapiro GI, Wagle N. Reversion and non-reversion mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitor or platinum chemotherapy in BRCA1/2-mutant metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:590-598. [PMID: 32245699 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about mechanisms of resistance to poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) and platinum chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer and BRCA1/2 mutations. Further investigation of resistance in clinical cohorts may point to strategies to prevent or overcome treatment failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS We obtained tumor biopsies from metastatic breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 deficiency before and after acquired resistance to PARPi or platinum chemotherapy. Whole exome sequencing was carried out on each tumor, germline DNA, and circulating tumor DNA. Tumors underwent RNA sequencing, and immunohistochemical staining for RAD51 foci on tumor sections was carried out for functional assessment of intact homologous recombination (HR). RESULTS Pre- and post-resistance tumor samples were sequenced from eight patients (four with BRCA1 and four with BRCA2 mutation; four treated with PARPi and four with platinum). Following disease progression on DNA-damaging therapy, four patients (50%) acquired at least one somatic reversion alteration likely to result in functional BRCA1/2 protein detected by tumor or circulating tumor DNA sequencing. Two patients with germline BRCA1 deficiency acquired genomic alterations anticipated to restore HR through increased DNA end resection: loss of TP53BP1 in one patient and amplification of MRE11A in another. RAD51 foci were acquired post-resistance in all patients with genomic reversion, consistent with reconstitution of HR. All patients whose tumors demonstrated RAD51 foci post-resistance were intrinsically resistant to subsequent lines of DNA-damaging therapy. CONCLUSIONS Genomic reversion in BRCA1/2 was the most commonly observed mechanism of resistance, occurring in four of eight patients. Novel sequence alterations leading to increased DNA end resection were seen in two patients, and may be targetable for therapeutic benefit. The presence of RAD51 foci by immunohistochemistry was consistent with BRCA1/2 protein functional status from genomic data and predicted response to later DNA-damaging therapy, supporting RAD51 focus formation as a clinically useful biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Waks
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - O Cohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - B Kochupurakkal
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - D Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - C E Dunn
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - J Buendia Buendia
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - S Wander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - K Helvie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - M R Lloyd
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - L Marini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - M E Hughes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - S S Freeman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - S P Ivy
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - J Geradts
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, USA
| | - S Isakoff
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - S M Tolaney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - U Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - I E Krop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - A D D'Andrea
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - E P Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - N U Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - G I Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - N Wagle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Leong KW, Yu F, Adalsteinsson VA, Reed S, Gydush G, Ladas I, Li J, Tantisira KG, Makrigiorgos GM. A nuclease-polymerase chain reaction enables amplification of probes used for capture-based DNA target enrichment. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:e147. [PMID: 31598677 PMCID: PMC6902007 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA target enrichment via hybridization capture is a commonly adopted approach which remains expensive due in-part to using biotinylated-probe panels. Here we provide a novel isothermal amplification reaction to amplify rapidly existing probe panels without knowledge of the sequences involved, thereby decreasing a major portion of the overall sample preparation cost. The reaction employs two thermostable enzymes, BST-polymerase and duplex-specific nuclease DSN. DSN initiates random ‘nicks’ on double-stranded-DNA which enable BST to polymerize DNA by displacing the nicked-strand. Displaced strands re-hybridize and the process leads to an exponential chain-reaction generating biotinylated DNA fragments within minutes. When starting from single-stranded-DNA, DNA is first converted to double-stranded-DNA via terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase (TdT) prior to initiation of BST–DSN reaction. Biotinylated probes generated by TdT–BST–DSN (TBD) reactions using panels of 33, 190 or 7186 DNA targets are used for hybrid-capture-based target enrichment from amplified circulating-DNA, followed by targeted re-sequencing. Polymerase-nuclease isothermal-chain-reactions generate random amplified probes with no apparent sequence dependence. One round of target-capture using TBD probes generates a modest on-target sequencing ratio, while two successive rounds of capture generate >80% on-target reads with good sequencing uniformity. TBD-reactions generate enough capture-probes to increase by approximately two to three orders-of-magnitude the target-enrichment experiments possible from an initial set of probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Wai Leong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fangyan Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Sarah Reed
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gregory Gydush
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ioannis Ladas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medicine School, Boston, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kelan G Tantisira
- The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medicine School, Boston, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gerassimos Mike Makrigiorgos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Parikh AR, Leshchiner I, Elagina L, Goyal L, Levovitz C, Siravegna G, Livitz D, Rhrissorrakrai K, Martin EE, Van Seventer EE, Hanna M, Slowik K, Utro F, Pinto CJ, Wong A, Danysh BP, de la Cruz FF, Fetter IJ, Nadres B, Shahzade HA, Allen JN, Blaszkowsky LS, Clark JW, Giantonio B, Murphy JE, Nipp RD, Roeland E, Ryan DP, Weekes CD, Kwak EL, Faris JE, Wo JY, Aguet F, Dey-Guha I, Hazar-Rethinam M, Dias-Santagata D, Ting DT, Zhu AX, Hong TS, Golub TR, Iafrate AJ, Adalsteinsson VA, Bardelli A, Parida L, Juric D, Getz G, Corcoran RB. Author Correction: Liquid versus tissue biopsy for detecting acquired resistance and tumor heterogeneity in gastrointestinal cancers. Nat Med 2019; 25:1949. [PMID: 31745334 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna R Parikh
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Lipika Goyal
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Giulia Siravegna
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Emily E Van Seventer
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Hanna
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kara Slowik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Christopher J Pinto
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicia Wong
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ferran Fece de la Cruz
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isobel J Fetter
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon Nadres
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather A Shahzade
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill N Allen
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence S Blaszkowsky
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Clark
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce Giantonio
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet E Murphy
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan D Nipp
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Roeland
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Ryan
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colin D Weekes
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eunice L Kwak
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason E Faris
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Wo
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ipsita Dey-Guha
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehlika Hazar-Rethinam
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dora Dias-Santagata
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T Ting
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew X Zhu
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theodore S Hong
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alberto Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Dejan Juric
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ryan B Corcoran
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Singh J, Asad S, Zhang Y, Nock W, Adams E, Damicis A, Ramaswamy B, Williams N, Parsons HA, Adalsteinsson VA, Winer EP, Lin NU, Partridge AH, Overmoyer B, Stover DG. Aggressive Subsets of Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2019; 20:e20-e26. [PMID: 31631016 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relative to other metastatic breast cancer subtypes, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) has a shorter duration of response to therapy and worse overall survival. Among patients with mTNBC, it is hypothesized that inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and young women have particularly aggressive phenotypes. We investigated clinical and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) characteristics of inflammatory-mTNBC and young-mTNBC. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated 158 patients with mTNBC who were stratified into 3 groups: (1) IBC; (2) patients aged 45 years or younger at primary diagnosis without IBC (non-IBC young); and (3) patients over age 45 at diagnosis without IBC. We evaluated clinicopathologic characteristics, sites of metastasis, survival outcomes, and the fraction of DNA in circulation derived from tumor (TFx). RESULTS Analysis of metastatic sites revealed that young patients without IBC had the most frequent lung metastases (P = .002). cfDNA analyses of first sample showed that TFx was highest in the non-IBC young group but not elevated in the IBC group (analysis of variance P = .056 for first TFx). Individually, median overall survival from metastatic diagnosis for the IBC group was 15.2 months; for the non-IBC young group, 21.2 months, and for the non-IBC over 45 group, 31.2 months. Patients with IBC and young patients without IBC had worse prognosis relative to patients over 45 without IBC (log-rank P = .023). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with mTNBC in this single-institution cohort, patients with IBC and young patients without IBC had significantly worse overall survival compared with patients over 45 without IBC. Young patients without IBC had significantly higher cfDNA TFx, whereas patients with IBC did not have elevated TFx despite a poor prognosis. These findings demonstrate that further analyses of mTNBC subsets are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasneet Singh
- Department of Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Sarah Asad
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - William Nock
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Elizabeth Adams
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Adrienne Damicis
- College of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
- Department of Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Nicole Williams
- Department of Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Heather A Parsons
- Department of Medical Oncology, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Eric P Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Nancy U Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Ann H Partridge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Beth Overmoyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel G Stover
- Department of Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ghobrial I, Cruz CH, Garfall A, Shah N, Munshi N, Kaufman J, Boise LH, Morgan G, Adalsteinsson VA, Manier S, Pillai R, Malavasi F, Lonial S. Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma: Accelerating on the Path to the Patient. Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia 2019; 19:332-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
32
|
Singh J, Asad S, Nock W, Zhang Y, Adams E, Damicis A, Parsons HA, Adalsteinsson VA, Winer EP, Lin NU, Partridge AH, Overmoyer B, Stover DG. Abstract P4-01-17: Aggressive subgroups of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: Inflammatory breast cancer and young patients in the Dana-Farber cell-free DNA cohort. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p4-01-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Relative to other metastatic breast cancer subtypes, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) has a shorter duration of response to therapy and worse overall survival. Within mTNBCs, there is a prevailing belief that inflammatory breast cancer and young women tend to have among the most aggressive phenotypes. We investigated clinical and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) characteristics of inflammatory-mTNBC and young-mTNBC. We hypothesized that inflammatory-mTNBC may have distinct clinical and cfDNA characteristics, offering potential novel biomarker and therapeutic strategies.
Methods: 164 patients from the Dana-Farber metastatic triple-negative cell-free DNA cohort (Stover DG, et al J Clin Oncol 2018) were included in this secondary analysis. Patients were stratified into three groups: 1) inflammatory breast cancer ('IBC'); 2) non-IBC patients aged 45 years (yr) or younger at primary diagnosis ('non-IBC young'); and 3) non-IBC patients over age 45 yr at diagnosis. For each subset population, we evaluated clinicopathologic characteristics, sites of metastasis, survival outcomes, and cfDNA 'tumor fraction' – the fraction of DNA in circulation derived from tumor. Those patients with adequate cfDNA tumor content for high confidence copy number calls (n=101) were included in an analysis of copy number alterations.
Results: Among 164 patients with metastatic TNBC, 13.4% (22/164) had IBC, 37.8% (62/164) were non-IBC young, and 48.8% (80/164) were non-IBC and over 45 yr. Race and primary receptor status were similar. IBC patients were diagnosed at a higher stage (Chi-square p=0.0009) while non-IBC young patients were significantly more likely to harbor a BRCA mutation (Chi-square p=0.03). Analysis of metastatic sites revealed that IBC patients had significantly greater frequency of ipsilateral and contralateral breast chest wall recurrences (p=0.04 and p=0.046, respectively) while non-IBC young patients had the most frequent lung metastases (p=0.002). There were no significant differences in frequency of bone, brain, or liver metastases. cfDNA analyses showed that cfDNA 'tumor fraction' was highest in non-IBC young patients (ANOVA p=0.03 for maximum tumor fraction). Median overall survival from metastatic diagnosis was 22.9 months. IBC and non-IBC young patients had a worse prognosis relative to non-IBC patients over 45 yr (hazard ratio IBC=1.97, 95% CI 1.09-3.57; HR non-IBC young=1.60 95% CI 1.07-2.41; log-rank p=0.023). By subgroup, median overall survival from metastatic diagnosis for IBC was 15.2 months, non-IBC young 21.2 months, and non-IBC over 45 yr 31.2 months. Analyses of genome-wide copy number alterations from cell-free DNA will be presented.
Conclusions: Among metastatic TNBCs, IBC patients and non-IBC young patients have a significantly worse overall survival compared with non-IBC patients over 45 yr of age. Young patients have more frequent lung metastases and higher 'tumor fraction' of cfDNA. Confirmation of the reported findings is limited due to cohort size and may reflect referral bias.
Citation Format: Singh J, Asad S, Nock W, Zhang Y, Adams E, Damicis A, Parsons HA, Adalsteinsson VA, Winer EP, Lin NU, Partridge AH, Overmoyer B, Stover DG. Aggressive subgroups of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: Inflammatory breast cancer and young patients in the Dana-Farber cell-free DNA cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-17.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Singh
- Ohio State University Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | - S Asad
- Ohio State University Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | - W Nock
- Ohio State University Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | - Y Zhang
- Ohio State University Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | - E Adams
- Ohio State University Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | - A Damicis
- Ohio State University Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | - HA Parsons
- Ohio State University Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | - VA Adalsteinsson
- Ohio State University Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | - EP Winer
- Ohio State University Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | - NU Lin
- Ohio State University Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | - AH Partridge
- Ohio State University Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | - B Overmoyer
- Ohio State University Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
| | - DG Stover
- Ohio State University Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pages M, Rotem D, Gydush G, Reed S, Rhoades J, Ha G, Lo C, Tracy A, Jones R, Becker S, Haller M, Chi S, Kieran M, Goumnerova L, Love JC, Ligon K, Bandopadhayay P, Wright K, Adalsteinsson VA, Beroukhim R. INNV-22. LIQUID BIOPSY DETECTION OF GENOMIC ALTERATIONS IN PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS FROM CELL FREE DNA IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD, CSF, AND URINE. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Pages
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute / Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gavin Ha
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chris Lo
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert Jones
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute / Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Becker
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute / Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela Haller
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute / Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Chi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute / Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorders Center / Boston Childrens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Kieran
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute / Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorders Center / Boston Childrens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liliana Goumnerova
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute / Boston Childrens Cancer and Blood Disorders Center / Boston Childrens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Keith Ligon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Karen Wright
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute / Boston Childrens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Choudhury AD, Werner L, Francini E, Wei XX, Ha G, Freeman SS, Rhoades J, Reed SC, Gydush G, Rotem D, Lo C, Taplin ME, Harshman LC, Zhang Z, O'Connor EP, Stover DG, Parsons HA, Getz G, Meyerson M, Love JC, Hahn WC, Adalsteinsson VA. Tumor fraction in cell-free DNA as a biomarker in prostate cancer. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122109. [PMID: 30385733 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor content in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a promising biomarker, but longitudinal dynamics of tumor-derived and non-tumor-derived cfDNA through multiple courses of therapy have not been well described. METHODS CfDNA from 663 plasma samples from 140 patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) was subject to sparse whole genome sequencing. Tumor fraction (TFx) estimated using the computational tool ichorCNA was correlated with clinical features and responses to therapy. RESULTS TFx associated with the number of bone metastases (median TFx = 0.014 with no bone metastases, 0.047 with 1-3 bone metastases, 0.190 for 4+ bone metastases; P < 0.0001) and with visceral metastases (P < 0.0001). In multivariable analysis, TFx remained associated with metastasis location (P = 0.042); TFx was positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.0227) and negatively correlated with hemoglobin (Hgb) (P < 0.001), but it was not correlated with prostate specific antigen (PSA) (P = 0.75). Tumor-derived and non-tumor-derived cfDNA track together and do not increase with generalized tissue damage from chemotherapy or radiation at the time scales examined. All new treatments that led to ≥30% PSA decline at 6 weeks were associated with TFx decline when baseline TFx was >7%; however, TFx in patients being subsequently maintained on secondary hormonal therapy was quite dynamic. CONCLUSION TFx correlates with clinical features associated with overall survival in CRPC, and TFx decline is a promising biomarker for initial therapeutic response. TRIAL REGISTRATION Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center (DF/HCC) protocol no. 18-135. FUNDING Wong Family Award in Translational Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute Medical Oncology grant, Gerstner Family Foundation, Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc., and Koch Institute Support (core) grant P30-CA14051 from the National Cancer Institute (NCI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atish D Choudhury
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lillian Werner
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edoardo Francini
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Xiao X Wei
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel S Freeman
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin Rhoades
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah C Reed
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory Gydush
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Denisse Rotem
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Lo
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren C Harshman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Heather A Parsons
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Viswanathan SR, Ha G, Hoff AM, Wala JA, Carrot-Zhang J, Whelan CW, Haradhvala NJ, Freeman SS, Reed SC, Rhoades J, Polak P, Cipicchio M, Wankowicz SA, Wong A, Kamath T, Zhang Z, Gydush GJ, Rotem D, Love JC, Getz G, Gabriel S, Zhang CZ, Dehm SM, Nelson PS, Van Allen EM, Choudhury AD, Adalsteinsson VA, Beroukhim R, Taplin ME, Meyerson M. Structural Alterations Driving Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Revealed by Linked-Read Genome Sequencing. Cell 2018; 174:433-447.e19. [PMID: 29909985 PMCID: PMC6046279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all prostate cancer deaths are from metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but there have been few whole-genome sequencing (WGS) studies of this disease state. We performed linked-read WGS on 23 mCRPC biopsy specimens and analyzed cell-free DNA sequencing data from 86 patients with mCRPC. In addition to frequent rearrangements affecting known prostate cancer genes, we observed complex rearrangements of the AR locus in most cases. Unexpectedly, these rearrangements include highly recurrent tandem duplications involving an upstream enhancer of AR in 70%-87% of cases compared with <2% of primary prostate cancers. A subset of cases displayed AR or MYC enhancer duplication in the context of a genome-wide tandem duplicator phenotype associated with CDK12 inactivation. Our findings highlight the complex genomic structure of mCRPC, nominate alterations that may inform prostate cancer treatment, and suggest that additional recurrent events in the non-coding mCRPC genome remain to be discovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas R Viswanathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas M Hoff
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeremiah A Wala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Carrot-Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher W Whelan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Haradhvala
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel S Freeman
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah C Reed
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Justin Rhoades
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paz Polak
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Stephanie A Wankowicz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alicia Wong
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tushar Kamath
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory J Gydush
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Denisse Rotem
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cheng-Zhong Zhang
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott M Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Atish D Choudhury
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Getz G, Cibulskis C, Leshchiner I, Hanna M, Livitz D, Slowik K, Levovitz C, Utro F, Rhrissorrakrai K, Rotem D, Gydush G, Reed SC, Rhoades J, Ha G, Freeman SS, Lo C, Fleharty M, Abreu J, Larkin K, Cipicchio M, Blumenstiel B, DeFelice M, Grimsby J, Hamilton S, Lennon N, Adalsteinsson VA, Parida L. Abstract 3001: Broad/IBM Project: Discovery of treatment resistance mechanisms through use of liquid biopsy genomics services. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Broad/IBM Cancer Resistance Project has partnered with Broad Genomics to pilot the use of cutting edge sequencing technology for the analysis of cell free DNA in blood biopsies. Working closely with the Broad's Cancer Program, Broad Genomics has developed a suite of liquid biopsy sequencing products designed to provide optimal flexibility in conducting research studies with a broad range of applications including; biomarker discovery, treatment resistance monitoring, and detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) post-surgery. Cell-free DNA is extracted from the blood, and a dual unique-molecular-indexed library is created. From this library, low coverage whole genome (ultra-low-pass 0.1x coverage) data is generated to survey sample quality and evaluate the tumor fraction in the liquid specimen. Utilizing the same library, additional assays can be selected for processing based on the research aim (Targeted Panel Assays, MRD Detection or Whole Exomes). Since our approach utilizes the same genomic material for whole genome and targeted sequencing assays, it is possible to maximize the information learned from each valuable and limited liquid biopsy specimen. Our study design takes advantage of the discovery potential of combined tissue-based sequencing and serial liquid biopsy analysis to elucidate mechanisms of cancer resistance by tracking the evolution of clonal and subclonal populations in patients samples over time. This collaboration will utilize the ultra-low-pass sequencing and whole exome sequencing together with custom analysis pipelines to correlate the genomic events with patient clinical data. We aim to process 3,000 samples from 1,000 patients over the next 3 years. To date we have processed close to 500 samples through the ultra-low-pass pipeline and 100 samples through the whole exome sequencing pipeline (results to be provided).The ability to successfully investigate treatment resistant cancers from non-invasive liquid biopsies presents new opportunities for identifying markers, understanding dynamics and monitoring tumor dissemination and clonal evolution.
Citation Format: Gad Getz, Carrie Cibulskis, Ignaty Leshchiner, Megan Hanna, Dimitri Livitz, Kara Slowik, Chaya Levovitz, Filippo Utro, Kahn Rhrissorrakrai, Denisse Rotem, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Christopher Lo, Mark Fleharty, Justin Abreu, Katie Larkin, Michelle Cipicchio, Brendan Blumenstiel, Matt DeFelice, Jonna Grimsby, Susanna Hamilton, Niall Lennon, Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Laxmi Parida. Broad/IBM Project: Discovery of treatment resistance mechanisms through use of liquid biopsy genomics services [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3001.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gad Getz
- 1MGH Cancer Center and Broad Institute, Charlestown, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Filippo Utro
- 3IBM T. J. Watson Research, Yorktown Heights, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gavin Ha
- 4Broad Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laxmi Parida
- 3IBM T. J. Watson Research, Yorktown Heights, NY
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Freeman SS, Lin Z, Ha G, Leshchiner I, Rhoades J, Livitz D, Rosebrock D, Reed SC, Gydush G, Lo C, Rotem D, Choudhury AD, Stover DG, Parsons HA, Boehm JS, Love JC, Meyerson M, Grandgenett P, Hollingsworth MA, Adalsteinsson VA, Getz G. Abstract LB-225: Liquid biopsies identify trunk mutations and reflect multiple tumors in a patient. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-lb-225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Precision medicine approaches to guide therapy selection require routine sampling of tumors. However, tumor biopsies are not always accessible and may be confounded by spatial heterogeneity. Liquid biopsies, including analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), present a non-invasive alternative which may reflect multiple tumors in the body. Previous studies have demonstrated exome-wide concordance between single-site tumor biopsies and cfDNA, but little is known about how cfDNA reflects multiple lesions within a patient. Here we sought to determine how cfDNA reflects the body-wide tumor phylogeny, which will inform the use of cfDNA for cancer precision medicine.
Methods: We identified 20 patients with pancreatic cancer who had undergone rapid autopsy. We then screened cfDNA tumor fraction and performed whole-exome sequencing of cfDNA and multiple tumor biopsies for 3 patients with cfDNA tumor fraction >10%. We inferred the tumor phylogeny and then developed a statistical approach to deconvolute the contributions to cfDNA from tumor phylogenetic nodes. Finally, we determined whether shared trunk mutations could be detected in cfDNA and tumor biopsies.
Results: For each patient, we found mutations shared between all sites and cfDNA, including putative driver mutations. We found mutations which were clonal in multiple regions were detectable in cfDNA, whereas mutations private to individual sites were never clonal in cfDNA. Through our deconvolution analysis, we found that cfDNA could not be modeled as a simple linear combination of individual sites, but rather that cfDNA represented multiple nodes in the inferred phylogeny. For two pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients, the inferred ancestor of the metastases had high estimated contribution (>70%) to cfDNA, while the ancestors of the primaries had lower contributions (<10%). Next, we considered trunk mutations, which originate earliest in the tumor phylogenetic tree. When we analyzed precision for detection of trunk mutations, we found on average, 71% of clonal mutations in metastases were truncal, while only 55% of clonal mutations in primary tumors were truncal. Due to copy number deletions, not all trunk mutations were detected in metastases. Finally, on average, cfDNA had equal or better precision than 83% of primaries and 88% of metastases, suggesting cfDNA may provide more accurate trunk SSNV calls than tumor biopsies.
Conclusions: Through analyzing cfDNA and synchronous tumor biopsies from the same patient, we find trunk mutations are enriched in cfDNA as compared to the average single-site biopsy. We also predict that cfDNA represents multiple nodes in the inferred phylogeny. In cases where tumor biopsies are inaccessible, we demonstrate that cfDNA might be a promising alternative to detect trunk SSNVs. These results suggest that cfDNA may be complementary to tumor biopsies for disease monitoring and treatment selection in personalized medicine.
Citation Format: Samuel S. Freeman, Ziao Lin, Gavin Ha, Ignaty Leshchiner, Justin Rhoades, Dimitri Livitz, Daniel Rosebrock, Sarah C. Reed, Gregory Gydush, Christopher Lo, Denisse Rotem, Atish D. Choudhury, Daniel G. Stover, Heather A. Parsons, Jesse S. Boehm, J Christopher Love, Matthew Meyerson, Paul Grandgenett, Michael A. Hollingsworth, Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Gad Getz. Liquid biopsies identify trunk mutations and reflect multiple tumors in a patient [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-225.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gavin Ha
- 2Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel G. Stover
- 3Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gad Getz
- 6Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pages M, Rotem D, Gydush G, Reed S, Rhoades J, Ha G, Lo C, Tracy A, Jones R, Becker S, Haller M, Chi S, Kieran M, Goumnerova L, Love JC, Ligon KL, Bandopadhayay P, Wright K, Adalsteinsson VA, Beroukhim R. TBIO-18. LIQUID BIOPSY DETECTION OF GENOMIC ALTERATIONS IN PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS FROM CELL FREE DNA IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD, CSF, AND URINE. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Pages
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gavin Ha
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chris Lo
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert Jones
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Becker
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela Haller
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Chi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Kieran
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liliana Goumnerova
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Keith L Ligon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen Wright
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Manier S, Park J, Capelletti M, Bustoros M, Freeman SS, Ha G, Rhoades J, Liu CJ, Huynh D, Reed SC, Gydush G, Salem KZ, Rotem D, Freymond C, Yosef A, Perilla-Glen A, Garderet L, Van Allen EM, Kumar S, Love JC, Getz G, Adalsteinsson VA, Ghobrial IM. Whole-exome sequencing of cell-free DNA and circulating tumor cells in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1691. [PMID: 29703982 PMCID: PMC5923255 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have enabled minimally invasive characterization of many cancers, but are rarely analyzed together. Understanding the detectability and genomic concordance of CTCs and cfDNA may inform their use in guiding cancer precision medicine. Here, we report the detectability of cfDNA and CTCs in blood samples from 107 and 56 patients with multiple myeloma (MM), respectively. Using ultra-low pass whole-genome sequencing, we find both tumor fractions correlate with disease progression. Applying whole-exome sequencing (WES) to cfDNA, CTCs, and matched tumor biopsies, we find concordance in clonal somatic mutations (~99%) and copy number alterations (~81%) between liquid and tumor biopsies. Importantly, analyzing CTCs and cfDNA together enables cross-validation of mutations, uncovers mutations exclusive to either CTCs or cfDNA, and allows blood-based tumor profiling in a greater fraction of patients. Our study demonstrates the utility of analyzing both CTCs and cfDNA in MM. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) enables characterization of a patient’s cancer. Here, the authors analyse CTCs, cfDNA, and tumor biopsies from multiple myeloma patients to show these approaches are complementary for mutation detection, together enabling a greater fraction of patient tumors to be profiled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Manier
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Hematology Department, CHU, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,INSERM UMR-S1172, 59000, Lille, France
| | - J Park
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M Capelletti
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M Bustoros
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S S Freeman
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - G Ha
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - J Rhoades
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - C J Liu
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - D Huynh
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S C Reed
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - G Gydush
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - K Z Salem
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - D Rotem
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - C Freymond
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - A Yosef
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - A Perilla-Glen
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - L Garderet
- Department of Hematology, St-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, 75000, France
| | - E M Van Allen
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - J C Love
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - G Getz
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - V A Adalsteinsson
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - I M Ghobrial
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stover DG, Parsons HA, Ha G, Freeman SS, Barry WT, Guo H, Choudhury AD, Gydush G, Reed SC, Rhoades J, Rotem D, Hughes ME, Dillon DA, Partridge AH, Wagle N, Krop IE, Getz G, Golub TR, Love JC, Winer EP, Tolaney SM, Lin NU, Adalsteinsson VA. Association of Cell-Free DNA Tumor Fraction and Somatic Copy Number Alterations With Survival in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:543-553. [PMID: 29298117 PMCID: PMC5815405 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.76.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) offers the potential for minimally invasive genome-wide profiling of tumor alterations without tumor biopsy and may be associated with patient prognosis. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by few mutations but extensive somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), yet little is known regarding SCNAs in metastatic TNBC. We sought to evaluate SCNAs in metastatic TNBC exclusively via cfDNA and determine if cfDNA tumor fraction is associated with overall survival in metastatic TNBC. Patients and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we identified 164 patients with biopsy-proven metastatic TNBC at a single tertiary care institution who received prior chemotherapy in the (neo)adjuvant or metastatic setting. We performed low-coverage genome-wide sequencing of cfDNA from plasma. Results Without prior knowledge of tumor mutations, we determined tumor fraction of cfDNA for 96.3% of patients and SCNAs for 63.9% of patients. Copy number profiles and percent genome altered were remarkably similar between metastatic and primary TNBCs. Certain SCNAs were more frequent in metastatic TNBCs relative to paired primary tumors and primary TNBCs in publicly available data sets The Cancer Genome Atlas and METABRIC, including chromosomal gains in drivers NOTCH2, AKT2, and AKT3. Prespecified cfDNA tumor fraction threshold of ≥ 10% was associated with significantly worse metastatic survival (median, 6.4 v 15.9 months) and remained significant independent of clinicopathologic factors (hazard ratio, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.8; P < .001). Conclusion We present the largest genomic characterization of metastatic TNBC to our knowledge, exclusively from cfDNA. Evaluation of cfDNA tumor fraction was feasible for nearly all patients, and tumor fraction ≥ 10% is associated with significantly worse survival in this large metastatic TNBC cohort. Specific SCNAs are enriched and prognostic in metastatic TNBC, with implications for metastasis, resistance, and novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Stover
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Heather A. Parsons
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Samuel S. Freeman
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - William T. Barry
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Hao Guo
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Atish D. Choudhury
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Gregory Gydush
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sarah C. Reed
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Justin Rhoades
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Denisse Rotem
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Melissa E. Hughes
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Deborah A. Dillon
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ann H. Partridge
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Nikhil Wagle
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ian E. Krop
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Gad Getz
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Todd R. Golub
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - J. Christopher Love
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Eric P. Winer
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sara M. Tolaney
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Nancy U. Lin
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Viktor A. Adalsteinsson
- Daniel G. Stover, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Heather A. Parsons, Gavin Ha, William T. Barry, Hao Guo, Atish D. Choudhury, Melissa E. Hughes, Deborah A. Dillon, Ann H. Partridge, Nikhil Wagle, Ian E. Krop, Todd R. Golub, Eric P. Winer, Sara M. Tolaney, and Nancy U. Lin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Gad Getz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Gavin Ha, Samuel S. Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Gregory Gydush, Sarah C. Reed, Justin Rhoades, Denisse Rotem, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub, and Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and J. Christopher Love, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Stover DG, Parsons HA, Ha G, Freeman S, Barry B, Guo H, Choudhury A, Gydush G, Reed S, Rhoades J, Rotem D, Hughes ME, Dillon DA, Partridge AH, Wagle N, Krop IE, Getz G, Golub TA, Love JC, Winer EP, Tolaney SM, Lin NU, Adalsteinsson VA. Abstract GS3-07: Genome-wide copy number analysis of chemotherapy-resistant metastatic triple-negative breast cancer from cell-free DNA. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-gs3-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a poor prognosis breast cancer subset characterized by relatively few mutations but extensive copy number alterations (CNAs). Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) offers the potential to overcome infrequent tumor biopsies in metastatic TNBC (mTNBC) and interrogate the genomics of chemotherapy resistance.
Methods:
506 archival or fresh plasma samples were identified from 164 patients with mTNBC who had previously received chemotherapy. We performed low coverage whole genome sequencing to determine genome-wide copy number and estimate 'tumor fraction' of cfDNA (TFx) using our recently-developed approach, ichorCNA. In patient samples with TFx >10%, we identified regions that were significantly gained or lost using GISTIC2.0. We compared CNAs of 20 paired primary-metastatic samples and also mTNBCs from cfDNA versus primary TNBCs from TCGA and METABRIC.
Results:
We successfully obtained high quality, low coverage whole genome sequencing data for 478 (94.5%) plasma samples from 158 patients, with 1 to 14 samples per patient. TFx and copy number profiles were highly concordant with paired metastatic biopsy (n=10, range 0-7 days from biopsy to blood draw) with sensitivity of 0.86 and specificity of 0.90 and reproducible in independently-processed blood draws (TFx intraclass correlation coefficient 0.984). Median overall survival from time of first blood draw was 8 months, and TFx was highly correlated independent of primary stage, primary receptor status, age at primary diagnosis, BRCA status, and metastatic line of therapy: adjusted hazard ratio between 4th and 1st quartiles = 2.14 (95% CI 1.40-3.28; p=0.00049). 101/158 patients (63.9%) had at least one sample with TFx >10%, our threshold for high confidence CNA calls. Copy number profiles and percent genome altered were remarkably similar between mTNBCs and primary TNBCs in TCGA and METABRIC (n=433), suggesting that large-scale chromosomal events are infrequent in TNBC metastatic progression. We identified chromosomal gains that demonstrated significant enrichment in mTNBCs relative to paired primary TNBCs (n=20) and also TCGA/METABRIC, including driver genes (NOTCH2, AKT2, AKT3) and putative antibody-drug conjugate targets. Finally, we identify a novel association of gains of 18q11 and/or 19p13 with poor metastatic prognosis, independent of clinicopathologic factors and TFx.
Conclusions:
Here, we present the first large-scale genomic characterization of metastatic TNBC to our knowledge, derived exclusively from cfDNA. 'Tumor fraction' of cfDNA is an independent prognostic marker in mTNBC. Primary and metastatic TNBC have remarkably similar copy number profiles yet we identify alterations enriched and prognostic in mTNBC. Collectively, these data have potential implications in the understanding of metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and novel therapeutic targets.
Citation Format: Stover DG, Parsons HA, Ha G, Freeman S, Barry B, Guo H, Choudhury A, Gydush G, Reed S, Rhoades J, Rotem D, Hughes ME, Dillon DA, Partridge AH, Wagle N, Krop IE, Getz G, Golub TA, Love JC, Winer EP, Tolaney SM, Lin NU, Adalsteinsson VA. Genome-wide copy number analysis of chemotherapy-resistant metastatic triple-negative breast cancer from cell-free DNA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr GS3-07.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DG Stover
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - HA Parsons
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - G Ha
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - S Freeman
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - B Barry
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - H Guo
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - A Choudhury
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - G Gydush
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - S Reed
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - J Rhoades
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - D Rotem
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - ME Hughes
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - DA Dillon
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - AH Partridge
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - N Wagle
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - IE Krop
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - G Getz
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - TA Golub
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - JC Love
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - EP Winer
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - SM Tolaney
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - NU Lin
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - VA Adalsteinsson
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ladas I, Fitarelli-Kiehl M, Song C, Adalsteinsson VA, Parsons HA, Lin NU, Wagle N, Makrigiorgos GM. Multiplexed Elimination of Wild-Type DNA and High-Resolution Melting Prior to Targeted Resequencing of Liquid Biopsies. Clin Chem 2017; 63:1605-1613. [PMID: 28679646 PMCID: PMC5914173 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.272849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of clinical samples and circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) collected from liquid biopsies for diagnostic and prognostic applications in cancer is burgeoning, and improved methods that reduce the influence of excess wild-type (WT) portion of the sample are desirable. Here we present enrichment of mutation-containing sequences using enzymatic degradation of WT DNA. Mutation enrichment is combined with high-resolution melting (HRM) performed in multiplexed closed-tube reactions as a rapid, cost-effective screening tool before targeted resequencing. METHODS We developed a homogeneous, closed-tube approach to use a double-stranded DNA-specific nuclease for degradation of WT DNA at multiple targets simultaneously. The No Denaturation Nuclease-assisted Minor Allele Enrichment with Probe Overlap (ND-NaME-PrO) uses WT oligonucleotides overlapping both strands on putative DNA targets. Under conditions of partial denaturation (DNA breathing), the oligonucleotide probes enhance double-stranded DNA-specific nuclease digestion at the selected targets, with high preference toward WT over mutant DNA. To validate ND-NaME-PrO, we used multiplexed HRM, digital PCR, and MiSeq targeted resequencing of mutated genomic DNA and cfDNA. RESULTS Serial dilution of KRAS mutation-containing DNA shows mutation enrichment by 10- to 120-fold and detection of allelic fractions down to 0.01%. Multiplexed ND-NaME-PrO combined with multiplexed PCR-HRM showed mutation scanning of 10-20 DNA amplicons simultaneously. ND-NaME-PrO applied on cfDNA from clinical samples enables mutation enrichment and HRM scanning over 10 DNA targets. cfDNA mutations were enriched up to approximately 100-fold (average approximately 25-fold) and identified via targeted resequencing. CONCLUSIONS Closed-tube homogeneous ND-NaME-PrO combined with multiplexed HRM is a convenient approach to efficiently enrich for mutations on multiple DNA targets and to enable prescreening before targeted resequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Ladas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mariana Fitarelli-Kiehl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Heather A. Parsons
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nancy U. Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nikhil Wagle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - G. Mike Makrigiorgos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Correspondence: G. Mike Makrigiorgos, Ph.D., Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Level L2, Radiation Therapy, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115., Tel: 617-525-7122. Fax: 617-582-6037,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Saung MT, Sharei A, Adalsteinsson VA, Cho N, Kamath T, Ruiz C, Kirkpatrick J, Patel N, Mino-Kenudson M, Thayer SP, Langer R, Jensen KF, Liss AS, Love JC. A Size-Selective Intracellular Delivery Platform. Small 2016; 12:5873-5881. [PMID: 27594517 PMCID: PMC5337179 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Identifying and separating a subpopulation of cells from a heterogeneous mixture are essential elements of biological research. Current approaches require detailed knowledge of unique cell surface properties of the target cell population. A method is described that exploits size differences of cells to facilitate selective intracellular delivery using a high throughput microfluidic device. Cells traversing a constriction within this device undergo a transient disruption of the cell membrane that allows for cytoplasmic delivery of cargo. Unique constriction widths allow for optimization of delivery to cells of different sizes. For example, a 4 μm wide constriction is effective for delivery of cargo to primary human T-cells that have an average diameter of 6.7 μm. In contrast, a 6 or 7 μm wide constriction is best for large pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPc3 (10.8 μm) and PANC-1 (12.3 μm). These small differences in cell diameter are sufficient to allow for selective delivery of cargo to pancreatic cancer cells within a heterogeneous mixture containing T-cells. The application of this approach is demonstrated by selectively delivering dextran-conjugated fluorophores to circulating tumor cells in patient blood allowing for their subsequent isolation and genomic characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May Tun Saung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Hospital Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Armon Sharei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nahyun Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tushar Kamath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Camilo Ruiz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jesse Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nehal Patel
- Advanced Tissue Resources Core, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown Navy Yard, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sarah P Thayer
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Klavs F Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Andrew S Liss
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Technological, methodological, and analytical advances continue to improve the resolution of our view into the cancer genome, even as we discover ways to carry out analyses at greater distances from the primary tumor sites. These advances are finally making the integration of cancer genomic profiling into clinical practice feasible. Formalin fixation and paraffin embedding, which has long been the default pathological biopsy medium, is now being supplemented with liquid biopsy as a means to profile the cancer genomes of patients. At each stage of the genomic data generation process-sample collection, preservation, storage, extraction, library construction, sequencing, and variant calling-there are variables that impact the sensitivity and specificity of the analytical result and the clinical utility of the test. These variables include sample degradation, low yields of nucleic acid, and low variant allele fractions (proportions of assayed molecules carrying variant allele(s)). We review here the most common pre-analytical and analytical factors relating to routine cancer patient genome profiling, some solutions to common challenges, and the major sample preparation and sequencing technology choices available today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niall J Lennon
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Adalsteinsson VA, Ha G, Freeman S, Choudhury AD, Stover DG, Parsons HA, Gydush G, Reed S, Loginov D, Livitz D, Rosebrock D, Leshchiner I, Cohen O, Oh C, Kim J, Stewart C, Rosenberg M, Ding H, Lloyd MR, Mahmud S, Helvie KE, Merrill MS, Santiago RA, O’Connor EP, Jeong SH, Kramkowski JF, Lohr JG, Polacek L, Oliver N, Marini L, Francis J, Harshman LC, Van Allen EM, Winer EP, Lin NU, Nakabayashi M, Taplin ME, Garraway LA, Golub TR, Boehm JS, Wagle N, Getz G, Meyerson M, Love CJ. Abstract LB-136: High concordance of whole-exome sequencing of cell-free DNA and matched biopsies enables genomic discovery in metastatic cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-lb-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has largely been used to monitor blood for specific tumor mutations, but genome-wide discovery from cfDNA has not been well established. Here, we establish a scalable approach for whole-exome sequencing (WES) of cfDNA, making it possible to perform comprehensive genomic characterization of metastatic cancer in a routine and minimally-invasive manner.
Comprehensive genomic characterization of metastatic cancer stands to uncover novel alterations of clinical significance. A major challenge is that metastatic tumors are infrequently biopsied. Cell-free DNA is shed abundantly into the bloodstream from metastatic tumors, presenting an opportunity for genomic discovery in advanced cancers that are rarely biopsied in routine clinical care. We report an efficient process to qualify and sequence whole-exomes from cfDNA at scale and systematically compare the somatic mutations, indels, and copy number alterations detected in WES of cfDNA to WES of matched tumor biopsies.
Methods: We consented 86 patients with metastatic breast or prostate cancers for blood collection. We isolated cfDNA and germline DNA from blood and performed low coverage sequencing to estimate tumor content based on genome-wide copy number. We screened patient blood samples and prioritized those with higher tumor fractions for WES. In parallel, we analyzed cfDNA and germline DNA from healthy donors to calibrate our methods and assess false positive rate for genomic alterations.
Results: We found the vast majority of patients with metastatic prostate or breast cancer to have detectable tumor-derived cfDNA. WES of cfDNA from healthy donors revealed very low false positive rates for somatic mutations, indels and copy number alterations (SCNAs). By analyzing WES of cfDNA and tumor biopsies from dozens of patients with metastatic breast or prostate cancers, we established guidelines for the coverage and tumor fraction required for mutation discovery in WES of cfDNA. We found WES of cfDNA to uncover 91% of the clonal mutations, 59% of the subclonal mutations, and 75% of the SCNAs detected in WES of matched tumor biopsies. In several cases, we observed mutations exclusive to cfDNA that were confirmed in later blood draws, suggesting that cfDNA-exclusive mutations may be derived from unsampled metastases. In some cases, cfDNA revealed clinically actionable mutations that were not detected in matched tumor biopsies.
Conclusions: WES of cfDNA uncovers the majority of somatic mutations, indels, and SCNAs found in matched tumor biopsies of metastatic cancer. The high degree of concordance suggests that comprehensive sequencing of cfDNA can be leveraged for genomic discovery in settings where conventional biopsies are difficult to access. Furthermore, the detection of mutations in cfDNA that are not detected in concurrent biopsies suggests that cfDNA may be complementary to tumor biopsies for both translational studies and precision cancer medicine.
Citation Format: Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Gavin Ha, Sam Freeman, Atish D. Choudhury, Daniel G. Stover, Heather A. Parsons, Gregory Gydush, Sarah Reed, Denis Loginov, Dimitri Livitz, Daniel Rosebrock, Ignat Leshchiner, Ofir Cohen, Coyin Oh, Jaegil Kim, Chip Stewart, Mara Rosenberg, Huiming Ding, Maxwell R. Lloyd, Sairah Mahmud, Karla E. Helvie, Margaret S. Merrill, Rebecca A. Santiago, Edward P. O’Connor, Seong H. Jeong, Joseph F. Kramkowski, Jens G. Lohr, Laura Polacek, Nelly Oliver, Lori Marini, Joshua Francis, Lauren C. Harshman, Eliezer M. Van Allen, Eric P. Winer, Nancy U. Lin, Mari Nakabayashi, Mary-Ellen Taplin, Levi A. Garraway, Todd R. Golub, Jesse S. Boehm, Nikhil Wagle, Gad Getz, Matthew Meyerson, Christopher J. Love. High concordance of whole-exome sequencing of cell-free DNA and matched biopsies enables genomic discovery in metastatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-136.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gavin Ha
- 2Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Reed
- 1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ofir Cohen
- 1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Coyin Oh
- 1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jaegil Kim
- 1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Chip Stewart
- 1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gad Getz
- 1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Adalsteinsson VA, Lohr JG, Cibulskis K, Choudhury AD, Rosenberg M, Cruz-Gordillo P, Francis J, Zhang C, Shalek AK, Satija R, Trombetta JT, Lu D, Tallapragada N, Tahirova NT, Kim S, Blumenstiel B, Sougnez C, Auclair D, Allen EMV, Nakabayashi M, Lis RT, Lee GSM, Li T, Chabot MS, Taplin ME, Clancy TE, Loda M, Regev A, Meyerson M, Hahn WC, Kantoff PW, Golub TR, Getz G, Boehm JS, Love JC. Abstract 993: Whole exome sequencing of CTCs as a window into metastatic cancer. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of cancer genomes in clinical settings holds the promise to inform prognoses and guide the deployment of precise cancer treatments. A major barrier, however, is the inaccessibility of adequate metastatic tissue for accurate genomic analysis. The recognition that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are present in many advanced cancer patients suggests an exciting opportunity to overcome this challenge. For instance, if CTCs could be comprehensively sequenced, it would be possible to obtain an orthogonal sample of the tumor burden_including subsets of transiting cells bound for metastatic colonization_potentially yielding new insights to complement the static sampling of resected or biopsied lesions.
We report an integrated process to isolate, qualify, and sequence whole exomes of CTCs with high fidelity, using a census-based sequencing strategy. We isolated CTCs by magnetic bead purification (Illumina MagSweeper) from the blood of patients with prostate cancer, and integrated a nanowell platform to automatically image and recover candidate single CTCs. We then developed a strategy to qualify individual CTC-derived libraries for DNA sequencing after whole genome amplification, and established an analytical framework for accurate calling of mutations using census-based sequencing and MuTect. Whole exome sequencing was performed on 20 single CTCs, obtained from a patient with advanced prostate cancer. We validated our sequencing process by comparing CTC-derived mutations to mutations found in a lymph node metastasis and nine separate cores of the primary tumor. 51 of 73 CTC mutations (70%) were observed in the metastasis or the primary tumor. Moreover, we identified 9 early trunk mutations and 56 metastatic trunk mutations in the non-CTC tumor samples and found 100% and 73% of these, respectively, in CTC exomes. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of CTC sequencing and the ability to confidently call somatic mutations. CTCs may therefore represent a non-invasive window into the mutational landscape of metastatic cancer, and may have utility for genomics in clinical practice.
Citation Format: Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Jens G. Lohr, Kristian Cibulskis, Atish D. Choudhury, Mara Rosenberg, Peter Cruz-Gordillo, Joshua Francis, ChengZhong Zhang, Alexander K. Shalek, Rahul Satija, John T. Trombetta, Diana Lu, Naren Tallapragada, Narmin T. Tahirova, Sora Kim, Brendan Blumenstiel, Carrie Sougnez, Daniel Auclair, Eliezer M. Van Allen, Mari Nakabayashi, Rosina T. Lis, Gwo-Shu M. Lee, Tiantian Li, Matthew S. Chabot, Mary-Ellen Taplin, Thomas E. Clancy, Massimo Loda, Aviv Regev, Matthew Meyerson, William C. Hahn, Philip W. Kantoff, Todd R. Golub, Gad Getz, Jesse S. Boehm, J Christopher Love. Whole exome sequencing of CTCs as a window into metastatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 993. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-993
Collapse
|
47
|
Yao X, Williamson C, Adalsteinsson VA, D'Agostino RS, Fitton T, Smaroff GG, William RT, Wittrup KD, Love JC. Tumor cells are dislodged into the pulmonary vein during lobectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:3224-31.e1-5. [PMID: 25172322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraoperative tumor shedding may facilitate tumor dissemination. In earlier studies, shed tumor cells were defined primarily by cytomorphological examination, and normal epithelial cells could not always be distinguished from tumor cells. We sought to accurately identify tumor cells using single-cell sequencing and determine whether these cells were mobilized into the circulation during pulmonary lobectomy. METHODS Forty-two blood samples collected from the tumor-draining pulmonary vein at the end of lobectomy procedures were analyzed. Arrays of nanowells were used to enumerate and retrieve single EpCAM(+) cells. Targeted sequencing of 10 to 15 cells and nested polymerase chain reaction of single cells detected somatic mutations in shed epithelial cells consistent with patient-matched tumor but not normal tissue. RESULTS The mean number of EpCAM(+) cells in video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) lobectomy (no wedge) specimens (n = 16) was 165 (median, 115; range, 0-509) but sampling cells from 3 patients indicated that only 0% to 38% of the EpCAM(+) cells were tumor cells. The mean number of EpCAM(+) cells in VATS lobectomy (wedge) specimens (n = 12) was 1128 (median, 197; range, 47-9406) and all of the EpCAM(+) cells were normal epithelial cells in 2 patients sampled. The mean number of EpCAM(+) cells in thoracotomy specimens (n = 14) was 238 (median, 22; range, 9-2920) and 0% to 50% of total EpCAM(+) cells were tumor cells based on 4 patients sampled. CONCLUSIONS Surgery mobilizes tumor cells into the pulmonary vein, along with many normal epithelial cells. EpCAM alone cannot differentiate between normal and tumor cells. On the other hand, single-cell genetic approaches with patient-matched normal and tumor tissues can accurately quantify the number of shed tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosai Yao
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Christina Williamson
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Mass
| | - Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Richard S D'Agostino
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Mass
| | - Torin Fitton
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Mass
| | - Gregory G Smaroff
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Mass
| | - Robert T William
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass
| | - J Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Francis JM, Zhang CZ, Maire CL, Jung J, Manzo VE, Adalsteinsson VA, Homer H, Haidar S, Blumenstiel B, Pedamallu CS, Ligon AH, Love JC, Meyerson M, Ligon KL. EGFR variant heterogeneity in glioblastoma resolved through single-nucleus sequencing. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:956-71. [PMID: 24893890 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glioblastomas (GBM) with EGFR amplification represent approximately 50% of newly diagnosed cases, and recent studies have revealed frequent coexistence of multiple EGFR aberrations within the same tumor, which has implications for mutation cooperation and treatment resistance. However, bulk tumor sequencing studies cannot resolve the patterns of how the multiple EGFR aberrations coexist with other mutations within single tumor cells. Here, we applied a population-based single-cell whole-genome sequencing methodology to characterize genomic heterogeneity in EGFR-amplified glioblastomas. Our analysis effectively identified clonal events, including a novel translocation of a super enhancer to the TERT promoter, as well as subclonal LOH and multiple EGFR mutational variants within tumors. Correlating the EGFR mutations onto the cellular hierarchy revealed that EGFR truncation variants (EGFRvII and EGFR carboxyl-terminal deletions) identified in the bulk tumor segregate into nonoverlapping subclonal populations. In vitro and in vivo functional studies show that EGFRvII is oncogenic and sensitive to EGFR inhibitors currently in clinical trials. Thus, the association between diverse activating mutations in EGFR and other subclonal mutations within a single tumor supports an intrinsic mechanism for proliferative and clonal diversification with broad implications in resistance to treatment. SIGNIFICANCE We developed a novel single-cell sequencing methodology capable of identifying unique, nonoverlapping subclonal alterations from archived frozen clinical specimens. Using GBM as an example, we validated our method to successfully define tumor cell subpopulations containing distinct genetic and treatment resistance profiles and potentially mutually cooperative combinations of alterations in EGFR and other genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Francis
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Cecile L Maire
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joonil Jung
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Veronica E Manzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Homer
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sam Haidar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Azra H Ligon
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Christopher Love
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Sequencing-based analysis of single circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of metastatic cancer and improve clinical care. Technologies exist to enrich, identify, recover, and sequence single cells, but to enable systematic routine analysis of single CTCs from a range of cancer patients, there is a need to establish processes that efficiently integrate these specific operations. Such engineered processes should address challenges associated with the yield and viability of enriched CTCs, the robust identification of candidate single CTCs with minimal degradation of DNA, the bias in whole-genome amplification, and the efficient handling of candidate single CTCs or their amplified DNA products. Advances in methods for single-cell analysis and nanoscale technologies suggest opportunities to overcome these challenges, and could create integrated platforms that perform several of the unit operations together. Ultimately, technologies should be selected or adapted for optimal performance and compatibility in an integrated process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02412, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02412, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Adalsteinsson VA, Tahirova N, Tallapragada N, Yao X, Campion L, Angelini A, Douce TB, Huang C, Bowman B, Williamson CA, Kwon DS, Wittrup KD, Love JC. Single cells from human primary colorectal tumors exhibit polyfunctional heterogeneity in secretions of ELR+ CXC chemokines. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 5:1272-81. [PMID: 23995780 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40059j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an inflammatory disease of tissue that is largely influenced by the interactions between multiple cell types, secreted factors, and signal transduction pathways. While single-cell sequencing continues to refine our understanding of the clonotypic heterogeneity within tumors, the complex interplay between genetic variations and non-genetic factors ultimately affects therapeutic outcome. Much has been learned through bulk studies of secreted factors in the tumor microenvironment, but the secretory behavior of single cells has been largely uncharacterized. Here we directly profiled the secretions of ELR+ CXC chemokines from thousands of single colorectal tumor and stromal cells, using an array of subnanoliter wells and a technique called microengraving to characterize both the rates of secretion of several factors at once and the numbers of cells secreting each chemokine. The ELR+ CXC chemokines are highly redundant, pro-angiogenic cytokines that signal via the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors, influencing tumor growth and progression. We find that human primary colorectal tumor and stromal cells exhibit polyfunctional heterogeneity in the combinations and magnitudes of secretions for these chemokines. In cell lines, we observe similar variance: phenotypes observed in bulk can be largely absent among the majority of single cells, and discordances exist between secretory states measured and gene expression for these chemokines among single cells. Together, these measures suggest secretory states among tumor cells are complex and can evolve dynamically. Most importantly, this study reveals new insight into the intratumoral phenotypic heterogeneity of human primary tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor A Adalsteinsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|